     SCO: ᮡ  ⥬

                       SCO UNIX System V/386

                       樮 ⥬

                         Operating System

                   ᮡ  ⥬

                    System Administrator's Guide

                              1989

                             - i -

    ଠ    㬥  ꥪ⮬  -
  饭   ।⠢ ࠭祭    
஭ Santa   Cruz  Operation,      ஭  Microsoft
Corporation. ணࠬ ᯥ祭,  ᠭ , ࠧ-
ࠡ⠭  業 ᮣ襭   ᮣ襭-
.  饭  ஢   ,  
 ।   楫 ஬ 㠫쭮 ᯮ짮-
 ⥫.

     () 1980,  1981,  1982,  1983,  1984,  1985, 1986,
1987, 1988 Microsoft Corporation
     ࠢ 饭
     () 1983,  1984,  1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 The Santa
Cruz Operation, Inc.
     ࠢ 饭.

    SCO Document Number: 5-22-89-6.0/3.2.0C

                              - ii -

     

    -------------------------------------------------------
   1. 

                                                  1-1
      ⥬  ஢    1-2
    祭 ஢   sysadmsh   1-4
     㯥௮짮⥫                           1-6
                                             1-7
    ᭮ ⥬                               1-9
     ⮬ ᮡ                                    1-10

   2. sysadmch: ᯮ짮 窨 ஢
       ⥬

                                               2-1
     sysadmsh                                    2-2
     ࣠ 窠                          2-3
    롮 ꥪ⮢                                 2-5
    ᯮ짮                                  2-7
    ᯮ짮 -                         2-13
    ᯮ짮  ᪠஢                    2-14
    祭                                    2-16
     ⥪饣 ⠫  sysadmsh        2-19
    㭪樮                              2-20
    ᯮ짮 ࠢ ᫥⥫쭮⥩
    窨  㯠   ப UNIX       2-21
    ६ । sysadmsh                          2-22
     UNIX   sysadmsh                2-23

   3.   ⠭ ⥬

                                               3-1
     ⥬                                     3-2
           㧪 樮 ⥬               3-2
           ⪠ 䠩 ⥬                    3-3
           롮 ० 権 ⥬               3-3
    室  㯥௮짮⥫                         3-5
    ⠭ ⥬                                    3-6
           ᯮ짮  shutdown              3-6
           ᯮ짮  haltsys               3-7
    ᭥ ଠ樨 㧪                    3-8

                             - iii -

    ᯮᮡ  㧪                   3-9
            䠩 /etc/default/boot           3-9
           ⮬᪠ 㧪                     3-10
    ᯮᮡ ᪠ ⥬                     3-11
            䠩 /etc/inittab                3-11
            ᥩ /etc/rc2                  3-12
            䠩 .profile  .login          3-14
            䠩 /etc/motd                   3-15

  4. ᯮ짮 䠩 ⥬

                                               4-1
    ⠪ 䠩 ⥬?                         4-2
    ஢  ஢ 䠩 ⥬     4-3
    䠩 ⥬                                4-4
    ८ࠧ 䠩 ⥬ UNIX  AFS          4-4
   ᯥ祭 ᢮ ࠭⢠  䠩
    ⥬                                           4-6
     ⥣  ᯥ祭 ᢮ ࠭⢠ 4-6
     뢮  ࠭ 稭 ᢮ ࠭⢠   4-7
     ⥬ ᮮ饭                           4-8
     뢮  ࠭ ଠ樨  ᯮ짮 ᪠  4-8
     뢮  ࠭   栬               4-9
     । 짮⥫ ᮮ饭            4-9
      䠩                                      4-9
      䠩 core  ६ 䠩              4-10
     ⪠ ୠ 䠩                         4-11
       ⠭ 䠩 ⥬        4-11
     ७ 䠩 ⥬                       4-12
      ⥬  訥 ⠫               4-13
   / 䠩 ⥬  ࢨ筮
     ⪮ ᪥                                     4-14
   ⭮ 䠩 ⥬                        4-15
       ⥬ UNIX                             4-16
      ⥬  ⥬ UNIX                  4-16
     稭  䠩 ⥬                    4-17
     ࠢ ஢ન 䠩 ⥬                  4-18
     ⠭ 䠩 ⥬  fsck     4-18
     ⪮ ᠭ ⠯ fsck                      4-20
     ⮬᪠ ஢ઠ 䠩 ⥬          4-21
     ࠢ 䠩 ⥬  
       fsdb                                     4-21

                            - iv -

     ஢ઠ 襭 祭 fsize  isize         4-22
      fsize  isize  㯥࡫                  4-23
     ⠭ ଠ 祭  fsize  isize   4-24

  5. ᯥ祭 ᭮ ⥬

                                               5-1

      ⠪  ⥬?                       5-3
          楯樨  ⥬                   5-3

       ⥬                           5-7
          祭 ⨢ ஫  
           ਧ権                                 5-7
          ⨢ ࠢ ⥬
             sysadmsh                          5-9
          祭 ਧ権                   5-9
          ᯮ짮 ࠬ஢ ᥪ⭮,
           ஥  ਭ  㬮砭       5-11
          ࠢ ⥬ 㯮                5-11
     ᯮ짮 ⥬ ஫                 5-14
           ⥬ ஫               5-15
               堭 ஫                   5-15
               ࠩ ன⢠ ஫             5-15
                ஫                          5-16
                 ஫ १ sysadmsh        5-17
          ⮤ ஫                         5-18
               ਧ樨 ஫                    5-18
               筨 ஫ ᥩ           5-18
               뢠  ஫                5-20
                ᮡ⨩ ஫                   5-21
               䥪⨢ ⥬ ஫          5-23
               ⨢ ᯥ                5-23
          楤 ஫                           5-26
               ⠭ 奬 ᡮ             5-27
               祭/몫祭 ஫           5-32
               ஢ 䠩 ஫           5-32
               뢮 ᯨ᪠ ஫ ᥩ        5-33
               㡫஢ ஫ ᥩ        5-33
               ⠢ ஫ ⮢         5-34
          ⨥ ।樨                       5-36
               ଠ ᥩ  ⥬ 맮   5-36
               ஫  ਪ ணࠬ  5-41

                             - v -

          ஡  ⥬ ஫       5-44
               ࠭⢮  ᪥                   5-44
               ⠫ ᡮ ⥬                  5-45
               饭 ⥬                    5-45
          ନ ஫                        5-45
     ।⢠  䠩 ⥬                  5-48
          ⪠ ⮢ SUID/SGID  sticky-
                                              5-48
          Sticky-  ⠫                        5-49
          ஬                                      5-51
          ஢                         5-51
                                                  5-51
           ⥬                             5-52
          ஢                             5-53
          ⠭  GID ⠫                  5-53
     ஢ઠ 楫⭮ ⥬                      5-54
          /etc/fsck                                    5-54
          ஫ ୠ                           5-54
          冷 ஢ப ᫥ ⠫쭮
          ᡮ ⥬                                 5-55
          饭                         5-55
          ஢ઠ   ⥭䨪樨          5-57
          ஢ઠ 楫⭮ ⥬                 5-57
     饭  訡, 易  ᥪ⭮    5-59
          饭  訡 ॣ樨  ⥬   5-59
          ᫮ 訡 ஫                      5-60
          ஡ ਧ樨                         5-61
     㭪樮஢    ⥬       5-62
     祭     ஫        5-64
     襭 짮⥫ ஢
     䠩 ⥬                                  5-65
     ਧ ᯮ짮 
     ஢                               5-66
           ਧ樨  ஢
          , ਭ⮩  㬮砭               5-66
          襭/饭 ᯮ짮 cron
           ⤥묨 짮⥫ﬨ                   5-67
          ᬮ 짮⥫᪨ ࠧ襭  cron 5-68
          襭/饭 ᯮ짮 at/batch
          ⤥묨 짮⥫ﬨ                    5-68
          ᬮ 짮⥫᪨ ࠧ襭
           at/batch                                  5-68

                             - vi -

          ᯮ짮 䠩 । 
           at/batch                              5-69

    6. 㡫஢ 䠩 ⥬

                                               6-1
     ⥣ 㡫஢  ᯮ짮 sysadmsh  6-2
          ᯮ짮 ਧ樨 backup 
          㡫஢                                 6-2
          㡫஢   ᪠ 
          訥 ⥬                              6-2
          ⪨ ᢥ  ᯮ㥬 ⨫    6-3
     ⮢  ஢ 㡫஢        6-4
          ⠢ ᯨᠭ 㡫஢          6-4
          ન஢ १ࢭ                    6-8
           ୠ                              6-9
     믮 ஢ 㡫஢          6-11
          ᯮ짮 ଠ஢ ⥫    6-11
           㡫஢                          6-11
     믮 ஢ 㡫஢        6-14
     ஢ઠ १ࢭ                           6-17
     祭 ⨭ 㡫஢                   6-19
     ⠭ ⤥ 䠩 
     ⠫  १ࢭ                        6-21
     ⠭ ᥩ 䠩 ⥬
      ⮬ cpio                                      6-25
     ⠭ ᥩ 䠩 ⥬
      ⮬ xbackup                                   6-25
     ᠭ ஢ 㡫஢                     6-32
          ਭ樯 ஢ ६⭮ 㡫஢  6-32
           ࠡ⠥ ᯨᠭ, ਭ⮥
           㬮砭                                 6-33
           ᯮ १ࢭ  
          ⠭ 䠩 ⥬              6-35

    7.  ࠩ஢ ன  ।
        痢

                                               7-1
     ࠩ ன                                7-2
            ⠭ ࠩ஢ ன              7-2
            ⠭ ࠩ஢  ।⥫쭮
              䨣樥                            7-3

                             - vii -

            ⠭ ࠩ஢  楤
            ன 窨                         7-3

    8. ன ࠡ ⥬

                                               8-1
          ਬ ᯥ樠쭮 । ᮢ  8-3
     । ᮢ    ⨫
       䨣樨                                    8-4
          ᯮ짮  ப configure     8-5
     䨣  砥 ﭭ ᮮ饭 
       訡                                         8-7
     䨣  믮                8-8
           ࠨ   ࠨ          8-8
          樠 ॡ                       8-8
          襭 ᯮ짮 ᪠                8-9a
            ᤥ       8-10a
          ࣠ 䠩 ⥬                 8-11
     । 䥪⨢ ᯮᮡ ᯮ짮
      ⥬                                          8-14
           ps                                   8-14
          ६ 짮⥫ $PATH                8-15
     ᯮ짮 । ७ ந⥫쭮
         ஢ 䥪⨢ ⥬   8-16
          ᯮ짮 :   ࠭      8-17
          ᯮ짮 ஢: sar -b                8-17
          ந⥫쭮  : sar -q         8-18
          ᯮ짮 : sar -u             8-19
          ⥬ ⠡: sar -v                    8-20
          : sar -w                              8-21
          ஢ઠ ࠡ ⥬  : timex   8-22
     ᠭ ࠨ ⥬ ࠬ஢       8-23
          ᪨                                 8-23
                                       8-25
          ,  ਯ 䠩 
          䠩 ⥬                             8-26
          , ࠢ   ᢮       8-29
                                                   8-31
          ࠭                                 8-32
          । ᮮ饭                            8-32
                                               8-33
                                      8-34

                            - viii -

           ⥬                                  8-35
          ⮪                                 8-35
          p ᮡ⨩  p⢠                 8-38
          p⭮-ᨬ pp                8-38
          pp p 㤠 䠩        8-38

    9. ᯮ짮 樮 ⥬ DOS  OS/2

                                               9-1
     ⨬  OS/2                              9-2
      ⪮ ᪠  fdisk            9-3
         ४祭 樮 ⥬              9-5
     ⠭ ࠧ UNIX  ⥬ DOS              9-7
     ᯮ짮 ⥬  UNIX    DOS   
       ⪨ ᪠                          9-9
      樮 ⥬  ⪮ ᪠    9-11
     ⨫, ᯥ稢騥   DOS              9-12
         㬥 䠩  ⠫                  9-13
         짮⥫᪨, ਭ  㬮砭
         䠩  ࠨ 䨣樥          9-13
     ࣠ 䠩 ⥬ DOS  UNIX ⥬   9-15
         প  ᮧ 䨣樨 
            ࣠ 䠩 ⥬ DOS         9-15
          ࣠   䠩
         ⥬ DOS                                   9-15
         ᯮ짮  mount                   9-16
         ⠭  ஢ઠ 䠩
         ⥬ DOS                                   9-17
              䠩
         ⥬ DOS                                   9-17
         ᬮ 䠩 DOS                           9-18
         ࠭祭                                   9-18
     樮 ⥬ UNIX  DOS  ⠭
       ᪠                                          9-20

    10.    짮⥫

                                               10-1
     ࠢ ⮬                                 10-3
       짮⥫                          10-3
      /祭 ࠢ 짮⥫           10-8
       ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫         10-9
      ஢ ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫       10-9

                             - ix -

       㯯 짮⥫                   10-10
       ஫ 짮⥫ 
            ࠬ஢ ஫                          10-11a
      ।/ ࠬ஢ ஫
            짮⥫                               10-13
      / 㯯                       10-14
     䨣   㬮砭                   10-15
      롮 ᭨   㬮砭              10-16
      ᪮  ࠬ஢          10-17
       ࠭祭 室  ⥬,
            ਭ⮣  㬮砭                     10-17
       ࠭祭  ஫,
            ਭ⮣  㬮砭                     10-19
       ࠢ, ਭ  㬮砭         10-21
      ਧ  
            ਢ஢ 짮⥫             10-24
      ࠢ  ࠡ  ஬                         10-24
     ࠢ 室  ⥬  ନ           10-26
      ᬮ 室 ନ                         10-26
      ८। ࠭祭 室  ⥬      10-27
      ஢/ࠧ஢ ନ               10-28
      ⠭    ன    10-28
      ⮢                                 10-29
         ஫                          10-29
        ࠡ ନ                        10-31
        室  ⥬                        10-32

    11. ஥ 㤠    UUCP

                                               11-1
     ⠪ UUCP                                     11-1
     짮 騬 p㪮⢮            11-2
      㦭                                      11-2
     UUCP                                       11-3
    ⠫ UUCP                                      11-5
     pp UUCP                             11-6
     p⠥ UUCP                                  11-6
    pp p樨 UUCP                             11-7
       ⥬  
    אַ 設                                        11-10
    롮p ᫥⥫쭮 p                      11-10
    祭 ᫥⥫쭮                11-11
    祭 㤠 ⥬ UUCP १       11-13

                            - x -

    롮p ᫥⥫쭮 p                      11-13
    ⠭  맮                          11-14
    祭                                  11-15
    祭  䨣p HAYES 2400
      ᮢ⨬                        11-16
      p ᪮p p       11-18
    p                                 11-18
    Hன UUCP  襩 ⥬                     11-20
    Hp p 䠩   uuinstall   11-20
    ⠭    䠩 /etc/systemid     11-23
    롮p  ᠭ p UUCP                        11-24
    p   pp樨 
       p  맮                11-26
     ᥩ  㤠 ⮢  䠩  11-27
   p祭 㯠 p 䠩 Permissions          11-33
     䠩 Devices ᥩ  p⢠    11-42
   ᯮ짮  p  祭 
     뫪  맮                           11-48
   樠 樨 ன UUCP                    11-49
    p p  䠩 Dialers        11-49
   p Dialcodes  p 쭮
     䠩 Systems                                     11-51
   p 䠩 Devconfig                          11-53
   p p⨢ p 䠩
     p Sysfiles                                    11-53
    pp  uucico                  11-54
     室  ⥬ ⭮      11-55
    ⮢ Micnet   UUCP                 11-55
   ஢ 襩 ⥬ UUCP                11-57
   p 裡  p㣨 ⥬              11-57
   ⮬⨧p 㦨                     11-59
   祭 ⮢  pp樨 p ᯮ짮
     UUCP:uulog                                        11-60
   ⠫ 饣 짮 UUCP                     11-62
    ࠢ⥩                                11-65
   pp pᯮᮡ ⮬᪮
     p p⢠/                       11-65
   pp 䠩 Systems                              11-65
   ⫠筠 p                                 11-66
   pp  p樨                         11-66
   ஫ ⥢ ।   ॣ㧪       11-68
   p ⠫  ⢨            11-68
   饭 ᮢ p⪨                         11-68

                             - xi -

   業 ⥯ p ⠫                  11-68
    ਬ UUCP                                 11-70
   pp 1: ⥬ gomer                             11-70
   pp 1: ⥬ dingbat                           11-73
   pp                                       11-75
   饭  訡 UUCP                           11-76
   饭  訡 ⨯ ASSERT                    11-76
   饭  訡 UUCP ⨯ STATUS               11-78

  12. ஥ 쭮   MICNET

                                               12-1
   ⠢                            12-2
   롮p  p                              12-2
   롮p ⮯                                 12-2
   p 奬 ⮯                      12-3
   p⥣ ᮥ                            12-4
   H祭 設  ᪮p⥩                          12-5
   ஥                                      12-8
   pp 䠩 ⮯  Micnet           12-8
   p 䠩 Micnet                            12-11
   ⠭ 䠩 Micnet                        12-12
                                               12-14
   ஢  MICNET                            12-15
   pp ᮥ                             12-15
   ᯮ짮 䠩 pp樨 p ⨪     12-16
   ⠭                                         12-17
     Micnet                               12-18

  13. ⠫ UNIX  䠩 ᯥ樠 ன

                                               13-1
   ⠫ UNIX                                       13-2
   p ⠫                                    13-2
   ⠫ bin                                         13-2
   ⠫ dev                                         13-3
   ⠫ etc                                         13-4
   ⠫ lib                                         13-5
   ⠫ mnt                                         13-5
   ⠫ tmp                                         13-5
   ⠫ usr                                         13-6
   ⠫ tcb                                         13-6
    ॣ樨                                   13-7

                             - xii -

   樠 䠩 ன                         13-9
   樠  䠩                            13-9
    pp                                    13-9
   ᫮ p⪮                            13-10
   p  p                        13-10

  14.  ⮢, ନ  

                                               14-1
     䨣஢ ᫥⥫
    ⮢                                             14-2
   ⠭ ᫥⥫쭮 ᮫                  14-4
    ନ                                14-5
     ନ                            14-9
      gettydefs                                    14-9
      䠩 gettydefs                         14-11
     ஢ઠ ࠬ஢ ⠭ ନ           14-13
    ࠡ ᫥⥫쭮              14-15
    ⨯ ନ                              14-17
   ⮬᪮  ⨯ ନ               14-19
    ନ                                  14-20
   ᯮ짮 ᫥⥫ ࠭
    ।⢠ mscreen                                 14-21
      ࠢ⥩                              14-24
     ᮢ襭⢮ ᯮ짮                 14-25
   ᯮ짮   ⥬                      14-28
     ᫥⥫                             14-28
     室   襣               14-28
     ⠭ , ᯥ稢饣 뫪 
                                           14-30
      ࠢ⥩                              14-33
     祭                            14-35
     ⠭ , ᯥ稢饣 室  
     ଠ樮                             14-36
      ࠢ⥩                              14-37
      ᯥ祭 室   ଠ樮
       ᯥ祭 뫪      14-40
     ⠭ ࠧ塞  ᯥ祭 室 
      ଠ樮 /ᯥ祭 뫪
                                     14-40
     ࠬ ⠭  Hayes                  14-40

                             - xiii -

  15. ᯮ짮 ਭ஢
                                               15-1
     㫮 ⥬ ਭ                         15-1
   ⠭ ਭ                                  15-3
     짮⥫                          15-7
    ⨢                       15-8
    쭮 ਭ                      15-10
    ਭ  ନ login             15-14
     ⠭ ।  LP                  15-15
     筮 ⠭ ।                      15-15
     筮  ।                       15-16
   ⬥                                 15-17
   ⨥  ⨥ ਭ஢                       15-18
    ਭ                           15-19
   ⠭ ⥬ 祭, ਭ 
    㬮砭                                          15-21
   ஢   饣 堭        15-22
    ਭ                          15-24
   ࠢ 㧪                          15-25
     ⢥থ ᮢ  ਭ         15-25
     ਭ⨥ ᮢ  ਭ           15-26
     뫪 ᮢ  㣮 ਭ              15-26
     ਬ                                           15-27
   ࠢ ਮ⠬ ।                     15-29
      । ਮ                       15-30
      ਮ  㬮砭                   15-31
     ஢ઠ ।  㬮砭 ਮ⮢         15-31
     뫪   ।                       15-31
     ஢ઠ 䨣樨 ਭ                    15-33
    ࠢ⥩  ⥬                15-35
      室 - 祣                       15-35
     ࠧ稢                               15-36
     稬 , ࠢ ࢠ         15-37
      ࢠ                                 15-37
        / த ⥪              15-38
       ࠭                               15-38
     ࠢ  ᨬ                15-38
     訡 ⪫祭                                 15-39
     騥 ਭ                           15-39
                                                  15-41
      ⠪ ଠ?                                  15-41
     ।                                  15-42
                                          15-44

                             - xiv -

     ࠭祭 㯠 짮⥫                  15-45
      ஢                          15-46
     ஢                                 15-48
     ஢ઠ                                     15-48
                                                15-50
      ⠪ 䨫?                                 15-50
     । 䨫                               15-54
      䨫                                15-61
      䨫                                  15-61
     ஢ઠ 䨫                                  15-62
      ।०                             15-62
     ⪠ ୠ ᮢ                          15-62
   ன ।                             15-66
     ன ࠪ⨪  ਭ            15-68
     ன   terminfo                    15-70
       ணࠬ 䥩                   15-72
       䨫                                 15-79
   樠  䨣樨                15-81
      ਭ                                      15-81
      ᮤন                                  15-82
     ⮤ ᮥ                                  15-84
      ᨬ  騩 堭           15-85
     ।०  ᡮ                            15-90
     ⠭  ᡮ                          15-92
     ࠭祭 㯠 짮⥫                  15-93
     ਡ   㬮砭                      15-94
   ⠭ ᫥⥫ ਭ஢
    ⮪ RTS/CTS                                  15-96
   ᯮ짮 ਭ  㫥                  15-98
    砫쭮 䠩 ன⢠                15-99

  16. ᯮ짮 ⥫   
      ᪠  ⥫   

   㯫                                          16-1
   ᯮ짮  ⥫  ⭮
     (ਬ஢)                                 16-2
   ⠭  䨣                            16-2
   ⭠ ⭠                            16-3
     ⥫  ⭮         16-4
    ⥫  ⭮  QIC-40      16-4
   ⥫  ⭮  SCSI                  16-4
   ୮ ।஢  ⥬               16-4
   饭  ᠬ㧪                            16-4

                             - xv -

   ஢ 䠩 /etc/default/tar               16-5
    ⥫  ⭮  QIC         16-5
     ⥫                           16-6
   娢 䠩  ⭮                  16-6
    tar                                         16-7
   㦨 ⥫  ⭮           16-7
   ଠ஢ ⭮                       16-8
   ᯥ祭  ४樨 訡 ()
    ⥫  ⭮                       16-9
   ᯮ짮 ⥫   ⭮
    c                                              16-10
   ଠ஢ ⥫   ⭮
    ᪥                                              16-10
    /etc/default/format                            16-11
   ᯮ짮   ᪮ 
    ࠭ 䠩                              16-13
    䠩 ⥬   
    ᪠                                             16-14
    ਩ 㦠  ᪠        16-17

  17. ᯮ짮 ਭ᪨ 

   㯫                                          17-1
   ⠭ ਭ᪨                           17-2
    ᥪ樮 ४⥫  ६窨      17-2
   ⠭  ।                      17-2
   ணࠬ ன ᪮, ⠢塞
    ந⥫                                     17-3
   祭 ⥫쭮                    17-4

  18. ᯮ짮 誨

   㯫                                          18-1
   ⠭  ।                      18-2
   ⠭ 誨                                     18-3
    誨                                      18-7
   ᯮ짮 誨                                 18-8
   ᯮ짮 誨  ࠡ  ࠭     18-8
   ᯮ짮 誨   ࠡ  ᫥⥫묨
   ନ                                         18-8
    誨  ᪮쪨 ନ      18-8
   ᯮ짮 誨 ணࠬ, 騬 
   ࠡ  ன                                18-9

                             - xvi -

  19. 襭 ⥬ ஡

   㯫                                          19-1
   ⠭ ନ   ⢥             19-2
   ⠭ ஢ ନ           19-3
    ஢  ᮫             19-6
     訡    ࠫ쭮
   ਭ                                            19-9
   ४祭  믮 樨           19-10
   ४饭 믮 ᪮஫쭮      19-12
   ஢ ନ   짮⥫    19-13
   饭 ⮣ ஫ 짮⥫              19-14
   ⠭ ᢮ ࠭⢠              19-15
   ⠭ ﭭ ⥬ 䠩          19-16
   ⠭ ᯮ祭 ୥ 䠩
   ⥬                                             19-17
    䠩 ⥬  ᫥  訡: ⠭
   ⨫ fsck  ஢ન ࠧ                   19-19
   ⠭ ᫥ ⥬ ਨ               19-20
     ⢥   ய⠭
                                             19-21
   祭 ଠ樨  䥪⭮ ஦            19-22

  20. ᯮ짮 ⥬ ᮫
      梥 ᯫ

   㯫                                          20-1
   롮 ⨯  ᮫                       20-2
   筮 ४祭 ० ࠡ        20-2
    ० ࠡ     ६
   ࠡ                                              20-3
   ᯮ짮 ࠭                         20-4
   ࠭  -                 20-5
     ⮢                             20-6
   ࠢ 梥묨 ᯫﬨ, 믮塞
   ⨫⮩ setcolor                                   20-7
    梥⮢ ।             20-7
    梥⮢ ⭮  ࠦ        20-8
    梥 ࠬ ࠭                   20-8
   ࠢ                         20-8
    ࠭                                        20-9

                             - xvii -

 21. ⠭ ஭ 

   㯫                                          21-1
   ८ࠧ 䠩 䨣樨                  21-2
   ८ࠧ 䠩 ᥢ                     21-2
   ⠭ 䨣樨  Micnet                  21-3
   ⠭ 䨣樨  UUCP                    21-4
   筮 ।஢ 䠩 䨣樨           21-6
   䨪 䠩 mmdftailor                        21-6
                                 21-6
    প                                     21-8
   ஢ ।                               21-8
    ।                               21-8
   । ᥢ                              21-9
    ।                               21-9
   ।                                   21-11
   ஢ ॣ樨                                  21-12
   । ᥢ                             21-13
    alias.list                                     21-13
    alias.user                                     21-14
   ஢  䠩                    21-14
    䠩                                      21-15
    䠩                                     21-16
   ਬ                                      21-18
   䨪                               21-19
   㦨 ⥬  MMDF                          21-20

  22. 祭 ⥫ ⥫  ⪨
                  ᪠

   㯫                                          22-1
   ⢨ 믮塞 । 砫 ࠡ           22-3
   ⠭ 䨣樨 ⥫  ⪮
    ⭮ ᪥                                    22-3
   ⪨  ᪨ ST506  ESDI              22-3
   ⮢  ।                     22-6
   ⠭ ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥     22-7
     䠩 ⥬                      22-10
   ।஢                              22-12
   뫪 ⥪ ⮢ 짮⥫  ᭮
   ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥               22-13

                       - 1 - - 1-1 -

    

                                                  1-1
      ⥬  ஢    1-2
    饭 ஢   sysadmsh    1-4
     㯥௮짮⥫                           1-6
                                             1-7
     ⥬                                     1-9
     ⮬ ᮡ                                    1-10

                       - 1-1 -

     

     ⥬ UNIX  ᮢ㯭 ணࠬ,  -
   믮         ࠧࠡ⪨
ணࠬ  몠 ᮪ ஢    ᥬ    
ᮧ, ।஢   㬥⮢.   ⥫-
㠫쭮 믮 ⥬ ॡ ⥫쭮  ࠢ
 ࠡ⮩  ॣ୮ ஢  㦨. 
ᮡ 뢠  ࠢ  ন 樮
⥬   襬    ᯥ稢  ᨬ 
ந⥫쭮  묨 ஡.
       ࠡ  ⥬      
⥬. ᭮ 祭 ⠫쭮  ᬮ७    
ᮡ; 樮 ⥬ ᮤন  堭 -
 襩 ଠ樨.
     ᮡ  뢠      ⥬ 
 㤠   ⥩.   ᮧ  쭮
 १  ᫥⥫  裡   ਬ micnet.
 㤠 痢 १ ⥫䮭    ਬ
UUCP, ᯥ稢饩  裡    ⥬ UNIX  ᥬ .
( "஥ 쭮       Micnet",  
"஥ 㤠     UUCP "   -
  祭  ଠ樨    ᮧ
⥩.)

                       - 1-2 -

        

     ⥬  UNIX      -
  ঠ ⥬   ࠡ.   ᮡ
⠪ 祫 뢠 ஬ ⥬.    -
  ᯥ祭 ࠢ쭮 ࠡ ⥬     筮
ன    믮 ,   ॡ ᯥ-
 ਢ.  易 ॡ ⮡ -
 ⥬    ப  ﬨ   ࠡ 
 㭪ﬨ.
          ⥬  -
।    ᪮쪨 쬨.    -
  易 אַ ࠭祭   ᪮쪨
ᯥ⠬ ⥬.
     ᨬ   ࠧ ⥬  ⢠ 짮-
⥫ ஢ ⥬  ।⠢ ᮡ  
᪮쪨 ࠡ   ⮣ ࠡ祣 .  ᫨
⥬ ,  ⥬  ࠢ쭮  -
⭮ 믮    㦭   ᪮ ॣ୮
㦨  ᨫ쭮 ᭨ ந⥫쭮  -
.
     ⥬  ࠭ ୠ  -
権 ⥬   ᮡ⨩  .   ᮡ⨥,  ᮮ饭,
࠭  䨪   ᥭ   ୠ  
⮩, ६   짮⥫,  襤襣  ⥬,
 ⠪  ⥫⢠ ᮯ騬 ᮡ. ਬ,
᫨   ਪ  ணࠬ    ணࠬ
ᯥ祭 ⥬,   ୠ    ᮮ⢥
.    ᮤঠ ६, ,  ⠭-
襣 ணࠬ 짮⥫    砭,  
 ⠭  ᯮ짮 ணࠬ.  ୠ -
  襭 ஡ ⨪  ⥬    ਢ  
७ ᯮ짮 ⥬.

                       - 1-3 -

        ᮡ ।⠢  窨 ७
 ⥬,          믮
筮 짮⥫.  ᪮      ᨫ쭮
   ࠡ  ⥬,    믮 ⮫쪮 -
 ⥬. , ᨬ  ⮣,  믮
 ,    ᠭ  ୠ ⥬. -
 ⨬ ࠢ  ।    
⥬.
     ⥬  ᪮쪮   믮-
,    :
    * 㡥  楫⭮ ⥬  襭 -
       .
    * ᤥ ᪮쪮    ࠭  (ॣ
       䠩  ⥬)     쭥襣
      ᯮ짮.
    * ࠢ ஡, ⭮騬  ᯮ짮 -
      ࠭祭 ᮢ  (᪮ ࠭⢮,
      ᫮ ᮢ  ..).
    * 祭  ⠭  㭨樨  ⥬   (⥩)
      - ⪠ ᮥ.
    * 믮 ⠭ ⥬  ᯥ祭 䨪-
      権.
    * ।⠢   짮⥫.

                          - 1-4 -

    饭 ஢   sysadmsh

    sysadmsh -  䥩 ,  ࠧࠡ⠭  饭
  ⥬.  , 㡬  ࠭ -
    ࠡ   .  sysadmsh
  襭  ⥬ ᯮ짮-
   UNIX  ⨢ 砥 ॡ騥  -
  ﭭ 饭  ࠭栬 ᮡ    ਬ-
.  䥩 ᮤন ᪠,    -
⥪;    F1      
쭥襥 ᭥ 権 .
    ᫨  箪    樮  ⥬  UNIX,    
⥫쭮 ४㥬   楯ﬨ  -
ﬨ, ਢ묨  Tutorial - ⥫ -  窮.
᫥   祭  㤥 㬥 믮 ᭮ -
  ⥬, ਢ .
       짮⥫  sysadmsh  㬥  ⮣
ᮡ  뫪 sysadmsh,    
ﬨ  ப UNIX.
    ਬ, ᫥騥  樨  ⭮      ⨫
custom, ਬ塞   ⥫쭮 ணࠬ-
 ᯥ祭   ⥬.   ਢ ᫥-
⥫쭮 롮஢  sysadmsh.

                          - 1-5 -

     ᫥ :

    custom

    sysadmsh users select: System -> Software

     ,     㭪樨  custom
ᯥࢠ ࠢ System    sysadmsh,  ⥬  ࠢ
Software  ᫥饬  ஢.  롮  ᤥ 
   ᫥ ᯮᮡ:

    * 室 १ 樨     Space  -
       Return  㦭  樨.
    * ६   ࠢ   -५
        Return  㦭 .
    *   㪢 㦭  樨.   ३訩
      ᯮᮡ. ᯮ  ਬ   㦭   ss
         Return      custom.

     祭  쭥  権    ᯮ짮
sysadmsh    "sysadmsh: ᯮ짮 -
 ⥬ ".

                          - 1-6 -

     㯥௮짮⥫

     㯥௮짮⥫ -   ᯥ樠    
믮  প ⥬.   㯥௮짮-
 - ⥬   ਢ, 
 짮⥫     ,  ਬ,   
ᥬ 䠩 ⥬  믮  ਢ஢  .
 ,  ।⠢      ᮡ ॡ,
⮡  ⥬ 室     㯥௮짮-
⥫.   ⮣      ஫ 㯥௮짮⥫,
ᮧ  ६ ⠭ 襩 ⥬.  ( ᮡ
 ⠭).
    室  ⥬  㯥௮짮⥫ ।祭 ⮫쪮
 믮  প ⥬.   ᫨ -
 ⥬ ⮫쪮  ᯮ ⥬,   ᮧ-
     ⥪饩 ࠡ  筮 짮⥫ 
१ࢨ  㯥௮짮⥫ ⮫쪮  ⥬ -
.
    ᪮쪮 짮⥫   ஫ 㯥௮짮-
⥫. ४⭮ ᯮ짮 ⥩ 㯥௮짮-
⥫  짮⥫  ਢ   -
, ணࠬ   ᥩ 樮 ⥬.

                          - 1-7 -

    

     ࠡ UNIX 設⢮    権 
ᯥ樠쭮 祭.   , 㭨  ⥬
UNIX       ᮮ⢥⢮    
㣨 ⥬.   ᪠  ।   -
 ᫥  ⠡.  ᮪    -
ன 室 ᠭ  keyboard(HW).
     ⮩ ⠡   蠬  " -
   ন   ⨨ ன".

        樠 

     UNIX            ⢨
               
    --------------------------------------------------------
               Delete       ⠭ ⥪ ணࠬ
                              ਣ襭 -
                            窨.   ⭠ ⠪
                             Interrupt  Del.
    <BKSP>     Backspace    㤠 ᨬ ᫥  
    <CTL>d     Ctrl-d       ᨣ    -
                            ; 室  ⥪饩 -
                            窨  樠 楤-
                             室 - logout - ᫨ ⥪
                            窠 - 窠 室.
    <CTL>h     Erase        㤠  ᨬ ᫥ 
                            .  뢠 ERASE.
    <CTL>q     Ctrl-q         ᫥ ⠭ 
                              Ctrl-s.

                       - 1-8 -

    <CTL>s     Ctrl-s       ⠭   ⠭⭮
                            ன⢥ 뢮, ⠪ 
                            ନ.  ⠭
                            ணࠬ.
    <CTL>u     Ctrl-u       㤠  ᨬ  ⥪饩
                            ப. 뢠 ⠪ KILL.
    <CTL>      Ctrl-        蠥 ⥪   -
                             䠩 core. (
                            ⮫쪮  ⫠). 
                            core(F)  祭 -
                            ⥫쭮 ଠ樨.
    <ESC>      Esc          室  ⥪饣 ०; -
                            ਬ, 室  ० 
                             ࠡ  । vi.
    <Return>   Return       蠥  ப 
                            樨 ⢨ 窨.

    設⢮  ᯥ樠 㭪樮  
 ஢  짮⥫.    祭 -
⥫쭮 ଠ樨 ᬮ stty(C).

                       - 1-9 -

    ⭮ ⥬

     ᫮ ଠ쭮 ࠡ   -
     ᠭ樮஢ ⥫⢠. -
 ᮤন  堭         㣨
⥬ UNIX.   堭 㤮⢮  2 "-
"   ।      Trusted  Computer System
Evaluation Criteria (⠪ ⭮  "Orange Book"). 
 ⥬      䨣஢ 堭
  㤮⢮७ ॡ 襩 㯯.  
⠪ ⠭    ।⢠ ஫  ࠭ -
⠫ ᥩ login  ᯮ짮 ⥬.   "-
஢ ⮢ 짮⥫" 뢠  
짮⥫  ⥬  ᯮ짮 奬 ᭮ 
㬮砭. "প  ᭮  ⥬"  뢠 
ᯥ 権 䨪樨   .

                       - 1-10 -

     ⮬ ᮡ

    , ।⠢   ᮡ,  稭 
⥩, ॡ  ᠬ     UNIX,  
ॡ   ਭ樯 ࠡ ⥬    -
.
      뢠 ।⢠  ।⠢  ,
室   믮  ⮩ .   
    ᫠  㣨 ᮡ, ⠪ 
User's Guide  User's Reference.
     ᮡ ᮤন   襬  ,  
 ᯮ짮  襩 ⥬.  ᯮ짮  -
⢨ ࠧ ன  樮 ⥬  
 ꥬ.   ਬ, "ᯮ짮 ࠩ஢ 䫮-
-᪮   " 뢠 ᯮ짮 -
 ।  ࠭   ᭮ ਣ⮢ 樮
⥬  ⠪ ன,   ⠭    ᯮ짮
ࠩ஢ ࠧ ᫥ ⠭.
    ⥫쭮   ᪠뢠騥   -
 ⨯ ன,    㤥 ᯮ짮  -
     ஢ ⥬.  㣨
   ⠭    㣨 ࠬ  -
  ᮡ⢥ ⥬.
     ᮡ      "࠭ 䠩
⥬", "প ᥪ⭮ ⥬"  "襭  ஡
⥬". ᫥   ॢ室 筨 
 ࠡ  ⥬  ஡,       ࠭
뢠   ᯥ ஢ ⥬.

                       - 2 -

    sysadmsh: ᯮ짮 窨 ஢
    ⥬

                                                 2-1
     sysadmsh                                      2-2
     ࣠ 窠                            2-3
    롮 ꥪ⮢                                   2-5
    ᯮ짮                                    2-7
    ᯮ짮 -                           2-13
    ᯮ짮  ᪠஢                      2-14
    祭                                      2-16
     ⥪饣 ⠫  sysadmsh          2-19
    㭪樮                                2-20
    ᯮ짮 ࠢ ᫥⥫쭮⥩
    窨  㯠   ப UNIX         2-21
    ६ । sysadmsh                            2-22
     UNIX   sysadmsh                  2-23

                       - 2-1 -

    

    sysadmsh (system  administration  shell) -  䥩
 ࠧࠡ⠭    饭   ࠡ   
⥬. sysadmsh    ᪠  -
஢ ⥬  ᫥묨 ﬨ   ᯮ짮-
 ࠤ樮  ப UNIX.
     ⮩    ᯮ짮  䥩  
   䥪⨢  㦭    
, 뢠 sysadmsh.  ᮪        ᮮ-
騥   樨  sysadmsh    ⮩ .
᮪ 뫠   㣨 ᥪ樨  㬥樨    UNIX,
ᮤঠ騥 ⠫ ଠ   .
      ,    ਠ  -
 ᫨     sysadmsh  ⢨⥫쭮 믮
ਬ,   ਢ.  । -
஥ ⢮   樮 ⥬ UNIX,  ஥ 
   楯ﬨ,  ਢ묨  -
⥫ - Tutorial - । ᯮ짮  sysadmsh.

                       - 2-2 -

     sysadmsh

     믮  ࠡ     ᠬ⥫  
⥬  root   ᫥騥 :

    cd /tmp
    sysadmsh

     ࠭   sysadmsh:
 +---------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                           sysAdmsh      |
 |System Backups Accounts Printers Media Jobs Dirs/Files   |
 |Filesystems Quit                                         |
 |Administer and configure system resources and report     |
 |system status                                            |
 |/tmp                                  24 may 1989 13:47  |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 +---------------------------------------------------------+

                       - 2-3 -

     ࣠ ࠭

      奬 ࠭ sysadmsh. , 뤥
୮,     ࠭   ન   ᪨
⥪.   ᯮ  뢮  ࠭ ᯥ-
᪨ ⨯ ଠ樨:
 +---------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                      ⥪ |
 | ப                                              |
 | ப ᠭ                                         |
 | ப                                           |
 |                                                         |
 |+---------------/ଠ---------------------------+|
 ||                                                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||             뢮                             ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 |+-------------------------------------------------------+|
 | 饭  訡                                    |
 +---------------------------------------------------------+

    *   ⥪  -  ᢥ祭  ᪠ ⥪ 
       孥  㣫 ࠭ 뢠  ⥪饣 -
       .      ⮣  ࠭  sysadmsh  뢠
       SysAdmSh.

                              - 2-4 -

    *  ப   뢮  樨 ,  㯭  
       ६.   sysadmsh ⮨   権:
       System Backups Accounts Printers Media Jobs Dirs/Files
       Filesystems Quit.
    *  ப ᠭ   ⪮ ᠭ ⥪饩 -
       祭 樨 .
    *  ப  - ᢥ祭 ᪠ ⥪, ⤥-
        ப   ᠭ   뢮. ப -
         ⮬ ࠭ sysadmsh ᮤন , ६
        ⥪騩 ࠡ稩 ⠫.   UNIX  -
        믮,    ᯮ㥬 樨 뢮
        쭥  㣫 ப .
    *  ப /ଠ 뢮    ᮤ-
         ⮡ࠦ.     -
        UNIX    sysadmsh.  뢥 
       ,  ࠭ ᮡ   
        ᪮. ਬ,  ᪥  who ப
        뢮 who(C),  ,  ᠭ -
         ਢ  ᥪ樨 (C) User's Reference.
    *   뢮 - ⮡ࠦ -   㤠 뢮-
         sysadmsh   ᪠஢.  ⠫-
            .
    *  ᮮ饭  訡  樨  ⠭
       뢮  ᫥ ப ࠭  襭
       મ.

                       - 2-5 -

    롮 ꥪ⮢ 

    ப ,  ।⠢  ,  ᯮ짮  
宦  .  ⬥⨬,    ᪮쪮  ᯮᮡ
롮 権,  ᫨  ᯮ짮 ணࠬ, ᭮ 
 ࠭,  ਬ   ਢ.

            ப  
 ___________________________________________________________
 ⢨              ப 
 ___________________________________________________________
 ६  樨  -५,  ஡ -  
                    ᠬ,  ५ ࠢ.
        ࢠ 㪢 樨  室 -
                        ᢥ⪨  樨  ⨥ Return.
   ।饬  <ESC>
 
 祭 ᪠    <F1>
 ___________________________________________________________
         ﬨ    -
-   ஡  ६饭 ᢥ⪨  
 樨  㣮.  ࠧ    ᢥ,
ᠭ  樨   ப ᠭ.
    sysadmsh    . 設⢮
権  ६      㣮  .  ਬ,
  ࠫ     ,  뢮
-, ᮤঠ饥  樨,  ᯥ稢騥  ஢  
ࠡ  ᠬ  襩 設.   
  ,  ६      -
. 筮  砥  ,    믮
 UNIX  뢮  ࠭ ,     
   ⠫,  㦭  .  ⬥⨬,  
 ࢮ 㪢  樨 - ३訩 ᯮᮡ  宦-
  ஢ ;    㤥    -
  ⮩- ,    ᪮쪮 㪢, 
 .
    訩 ᯮᮡ   ᯮ짮    -  ࠪ⨪.
᫨  訡  ࠫ ࠢ쭮 ,    -
  ।饬   <ESC>.  ᫨  諨 
 ,          
 <F2>   n. <F2> ६頥   樨 Quit  n
頥    .   ᪠ । ⥩
१  sysadmsh ਢ ⠡ 2.1, ᮤঠ  
  ஢.

                       - 2-6 -

           . 2.1
                      
 ============================================================
 System    Backups    Accounts    Printers    Media    Jobs
    V        V           V           V          V       V
 Report    Create      User       Configure   List     Report
 Configure Restore     Defaults   Schedule    Extract  Terminate
 Hardware  Schedule    Terminal   Request     Archive  Autorize
 Software  Contents    Reports    Auxiliary   Format
 Audit     Integrity              Priorities  Duplicate
 Execute                                      Tapedump
 Terminate
 ==================================
 Dirs/Files   Filesystems    Quit
     V             V           V
   List         Check         Yes
   View         Mount         No
   Copy         Umount
   Edit          Add
  Modify       Floppy
   Print         DOS
  Archive
 Differences
  Remove
  UseDOS
 _______________________________________________________________

       ᯮ ᮣ襭  ᨭ⠪  㪠-
 ப 権 .  ਬ,   ᯥ⪨  䠩  
   Dirs/Files     ⥬ -
 Print   Dirs/Files.  ᫥⥫쭮 㪠
⪮ 樥  Dirs/Files->Print      믮
⥬  dp.
     롮 樨  ந   :

    *  뢮 訩 ஢ .
    *      
    *  믮   UNIX  १ 뢮  -
       ࠭   ᪠஢.
    騥  ᥪ樨 ⠫쭮 뢠      
᪠஢.

                       - 2-7 -

    ᯮ짮 

     樨    ॡ ⥫쭮 ଠ樨
 ࠢ쭮 믮 .  ਬ,  Print 
  祣    ᮮ,   㦭 
  ਭ ᯮ짮.    頥  -
 樨  ࠭  ଠ,    㦭 -
  ।  ॡ㥬 ଠ樨.
    ਬ, ਢ ,  뢠  ࠡ⠥ ଠ
뢠    ᯥ 䠩  ⥪饬 ⠫.
᫥ ⮣  ਬ  ᫥ ᫥⥫쭮 ,
   ६   ଥ,  ।஢
  롨 窨 "Point and Pick".
      䠩 ᯥࢠ 롨ࠩ Dirs/Files->Print. -
 ଠ Print:
 +---------------------------------------------------------+
 |    䠩  ⠫              Print      |
 |                                                         |
 |  /tmp                                 24 may 1989       |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |+--------------------Print Files------------------------+|
 ||                                                       ||
 ||   䠩()  :                          ||
 ||  [_                                                 ] ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||    ਭ   ।   䠩:   ||
 ||  [                                                  ] ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 |+-------------------------------------------------------+|
 |                                                         |
 +---------------------------------------------------------+

                       - 2-8 -

    ⬥⨬,  ᢥ⪠  ࢮ ꥪ  ଥ.  -
    㦭    ᯨ᮪  롮-
஢  <F3>.      䠩 ᫨   -
⭮,  ।,        ⮬  
᫥   ᮡ   <F3>.  襥 
४뢠   Print:
 +---------------------------------------------------------+
 |    䠩  ⠫              Print      |
 |                                                         |
 |  /tmp                                 24 may 1989       |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |+--------------------Print Files------------------------+|
 ||                                                       ||
 ||   䠩()  :                          ||
 ||  [_                                                 ] ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||_______________________________________________________||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||  䠩1      䠩2          䠩3          䠩4       ||
 ||  䠩5      䠩6                                     ||
 |+-------------------------------------------------------+|
 |                                                         |
 +---------------------------------------------------------+

     ᮤন ᯨ᮪ 䠩,     .
 롮 䠩 㪠   ६   ᢥ
(point)  䨪 (pick)  Return.   ⢨  
  "Point and Pick"  ᯮ   롮-
.   ᤥ 롮,   뢠    -
頥   Print.
    ⬥⨬,   䠩, ஥  ࠫ, ⥯ 뢮-
  ଥ.   ⥯  ࠭  䠩
   ।஢ (᫥      ⮩
ᥪ樨)   Return ३  ᫥饬 .

                       - 2-9 -

         ਭ  뢮.  ᫨ 
   ਭ,   <F3>  ஥ 襥 -
 ஥  ࠭:
 +---------------------------------------------------------+
 |    䠩  ⠫              Print      |
 |                                                         |
 |  /tmp                                 24 may 1989       |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |+--------------------Print Files------------------------+|
 ||                                                       ||
 ||   䠩()  :                          ||
 ||  [䠩1                                             ] ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||    ਭ   ।   䠩:   ||
 ||  [_                                                 ] ||
 ||                                           ____________||
 ||                                          : ਭ1   ||
 |+------------------------------------------: ਭ2   :|
 |                                           :_ਭ3___:|
 +---------------------------------------------------------+

        㦭 ਭ ⠪  롨ࠫ 
䠩.   ࠫ ਭ,    頥    
Print.

                       - 2-10 -

    ᫥⥫쭮 ,   ᫥    ᫥饩
⠡,    ᯮ짮 :

                        
____________________________________________________________
                ⢨
____________________________________________________________
 <ESC>                 ᮮ頥 ணࠬ,   
                       襭     -
                        ⮩ . ଠ 㤠  -
                        ⢨   ந-
                       .  頥  ।饥 -
                       . ஬ ⮣, <ESC>  ᫥  
                       <Return> ᯮ  ⢥ত-
                       ,  ᮮ饭  訡 -
                       ⠭    ⮢ த ࠡ.
 C५ ,    ६  㣮   ଥ.
                         ࠭祭   
                         ࠧ襭.  ५ -
                        .  㣨     -
                       .     -
                        ꥪ   室 
                        ꥪ.
 ५ ,ࠢ  ६   ࠢ  ⥪饬
                       .   ⥪  -
                       ९⪨ ᥩ ப.
 <Return>                    
                            ६ -
                         㣮 .  ᫥ 
                       ⨥ Return 蠥 
                       ᥩ    ᮮ頥 窥 
                       ⮬,   ⮢  ࠡ.
 <CTL>x                室     믮  
                         뫨.   -  ᫮
                       execute. [F10]    ᠬ.
 <F4>                    ᯮ짮 ணࠬ -
                       ન ࠢᠭ 室  ଥ.
                       ᫨  㬠,  ᫮ ᠭ 
                       訡,  <F4>   -
                       室   ᫮  
                       ᯨ᮪  ࠢ ᫮  -
                        ᯨ᪠ 㪠--. , -
                       ஥  ࠫ,  ᫮  訡.

                       - 2-11 -

     ।஢
____________________________________________________________
                ⢨
____________________________________________________________
 <CTL>y                㤠 ⥪ ப,  
 <CTL>w                㤠 ⥪饥 ᫮
 <CTL>g-<CTL>h         ६   砫 ப
 <CTL>g-<CTL>l         ६    ப
 <CTL>v                ३    ० 
                       譨 ᨬ.
 <DEL>                 㤠 ᨬ  ஬
 <BKSP>                  ᨬ   㤠
                       .
 <CTL>u                 ࠭ 
 <CTL>d                 ࠭ 
 <CTL>n                ᫥饥 ᫮
 <CTL>p                ।饥 ᫮
 ࠢ,  ५ ६ ࠢ    -
                       㥬 ப.

          㪠--
____________________________________________________________
                ⢨
____________________________________________________________
 <Return>              ⨥ ⮩    ꥪ
                       롨ࠥ ꥪ
 <ESC>                 ꥪ  㦭,  롮ન -
                       稢. ᮪ 㤠  -
                        ⢨  ।ਭ.
 <CTL>v                ४砥  롮஬ ᥣ 
                       祣  ꥪ⮢  ᯨ᪥.
 ५ ,    ६  㣨 ꥪ⠬ ᯨ᪠.
 ५ ,ࠢ  ६  筮
                       ⨭.
 ஡                  ਫ ਭ
                        祬  ꥪ,   ન-
                       ஢. ન஢ ꥪ -
                       砥 ᨬ *   . -
                       ન஢  ⬥    ⨨
                       ஡ ன  ࠧ    ⮬  ᠬ
                       ꥪ.  祭  
                         Return.

                       - 2-12 -

 <F5>                   ᪠   㦥-
                        ꥪ⮢   ⨭. 
                        ⨨  ਣ襭
                        ப,  㦭  
                       ᫥ ⮣ 㦭  . ᫨
                       ᪮ ப  㦥,  -
                       ᢥ⪠  ६頥.  ;  :
                         ।  , ᮮ-
                       ⢥.
 ࢠ 㪢          ३訩 ⮤ 롮 ꥪ  
                       ࢮ 㪢.   㪢 -
                         ᢥ⪠ ६  
                       ꥪ.     롨-
                        ꥪ. (᫨  ⮫쪮 
                       ꥪ, 稭騩  ⮩ 㪢, 
                       㤥  ન஢ ᫥    
                       㦤     ᭮.)  ᫨ 
                        㪢 稭 ᪮쪮 -
                       ⮢,      ࢮ
                         ᯨ᪥.

                       - 2-13 -

    ᯮ짮 -

    "-" -   אַ㣮쭨 롮   -
,   ࠫ ᯮᮡ,   롮 ꥪ⮢ 
᪥ .   - -      
ଥ,   뫠 ᯮ짮  ᫥⥫쭮 롮-
஢, ᤥ   -,     ਬ-
, ⮬  ࠧ Account sysadmsh:

 +---------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                              ஢ઠ   |
 | 11  88 08:20                        /usr/auth        |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |+--------------- Viw/Modifiy a user account ------------+|
 ||                                                       ||
 ||  Username   :   [             ]                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 || Audit Expiration Identity Logins Password Privileges  ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 ||                                                       ||
 |+-------------------------------------------------------+|
 |                                                         |
 +---------------------------------------------------------+

      ਬ 㦭  Username ।  롮஬
-. ⠪  sysadmsh  砥   -
-: 稥.          㢨  뫪
sysadmsh ⨯:

    Accounts -> User -> Examine:Audit

  ,    ᯥ ଠ ( 
砥  짮⥫) ।   ᫥饣  롮:
Audit.

                       - 2-14 -

    ᯮ짮  ᪠஢

     믮    UNIX  ⥬  롮      
sysadmsh १  筮 뢮    ᪠-
.   ᪠஢  ᯮ  ⠪  뢮 
࠭ ᮤন 䠩    ⨭  ⠫.    -
樨 ᯮ짮  ᪠஢ ।,  
 ⨬    饥 ६ 襫    ⥬.  
⮣ 㦭  System -> Report -> Users. ( ᪠-
  UNIX who(C).)
    ᫥ 롮  権,  ᪠஢, ⮡ࠦ-
饥 뢮  who(C),   ࠭:

 +---------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                              Users      |
 |                                                         |
 | who -H                                24 May 1989 13:47 |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |+-------------------- who(C) ---------------------------+|
 ||                                                       ||
 ||  NAME     LINE               TIME                +    ||
 ||                                                  #    ||
 ||  root     tty01              24 May  10:23       #    ||
 ||  faithz   tty02              24 May  11:03       #    ||
 ||  stevem   tty03              24 May  8:16        #    ||
 ||  naomib   tty04              24 May  8:00        #    ||
 ||  terib    tty08              24 May  8:16        #    ||
 |+-------------------------------------------------------+|
 |                                                         |
 +---------------------------------------------------------+

                       - 2-15 -

    ⬥⨬,     who  ࠧ ࠢ   ()
뢥  砫 . ⬥⨬ ⠪,  ,  
 (-)  뢥   ࠭   ஭ ப -
. ᫨         ।⠢   ଠ樨,
ᬮ ᠭ   User's Reference.
      㧭  ᪠஢  ⨪쭮 ⮫-
 ப⪨,    孥 ࠢ 㣫 ,
  ।⠢  #.       孥
 襣 ⥪,  ⠭  ᨬ +, ᫨ 
    -    㤥  +.  ᫨    ⥪
㬥⨫   ,     ᨬ +.
    ⮫ ப⪨ 뢠 ⠪    室  
. ᢥ祭  ⮫ ।⠢  ⥪,
  饥 ६ 뢥  ࠭.   ⮣ 
 ப稢      ᢥ祭 ⮫ -
  .
     ࠡ   ᪠஢ 㦭 ᯮ짮 ᫥-
騥 :

            ᪠஢
 _________________________________________________________
  ⢨                       
 _________________________________________________________

  室  䠩                    <ESC>
  ६   ப     ५ 
  ६   ப      ५ 
  ६   ࠭    <PgDn>  ஡
  ६   ࠭   <PgUp>
  ६  ᯫ       <Home>
  ६  ᯫ        <End>
   ᫥⥫쭮 (;      <F5>
  :   । 
  , ᮮ⢥⢥.)
  ᯥ 뢮       <F7>
  䠩, 뢥   ᪠-
  ஢

                       - 2-16 -

    祭 ᪠

            <F1>    뢮  ଠ-
樨-᪠. ᫥      ஥    Help   -
᪠.  룫廊 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

  +-------------------- Help Topic -----------------------+
  |                                                       |
  |                                                       |
  |   ࢮ  Help   ࠭         |
  |                                                       |
  |                                                       |
  |                                                       |
  |                                                       |
  |                                                       |
  +----------------------------------- F1  த+

     ᮤন   ଠ樨. ᫨  㦭
⥫쭠 ଠ,    ᭮  㤥
뢥   Help:

 +---------------------------------------------------------+
 |  F1 ᭮                   Help     |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 | Continue Back Next Index Related Search Help Print      |
 | Quit Return to the application                          |
 |                                                         |
 | sysadmsh             Help Topic                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |      룫廊  Help                           |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 |                                                         |
 +---------------------------------------------------------+

                       - 2-17 -

     ⮣          ⠫쭮
ଠ樨.   ,  롨ࠩ     Quit  
   ,  ஬ 室 ࠭.
     ਢ 樨   Help:

           樨 Help
 __________________________________________________________
      ⢨
 __________________________________________________________

 Continue  த  ᫥饩 ࠭.   -
           ⨪쭮  ⨢. ᫨  -
           樨 ,  ᢥ  Quit  ப -
           ᠭ 뤠:   ⥬.
 Back      ६ ⭮  ࠧ,   ⮫쪮
            ᬮ५.  ᮮ⢥饩 樨 Forward.
             ᯮ짮     
           騥 ࠧ.
 Index       ࠧ  ᯨ᪠.
 Related     ࠧ, த⢥ ⥪饬.
 Search    ᪠  ࠧ ⥬ ࠢ  ࠧ殬.
           ࢠ  㦭   ᬮ (,
           ப ⥪   ⠬  ⠬)  ⥬  -
           ᫥⥫쭮. ᫥⥫쭮  
            ᫮ (⠪  create  date), 
            ᫮ ࠦ. 㤥 ।⠢ ᯨ-
           ᮪ ࠧ,     ᫥-
           쭮.
 Help       ᠬ  ᪠   ᯮ-
           ?  ࠭ 뢮 ⠡,  ⮩.
           ᫨  㦭 ⥫쭠 ଠ, ᬮ-
             ࠧ  Index, Related  Search.
 Print     ᤥ ⢥  ⥪饣 ࠧ. ࢠ
            㦭  ਭ, ⥬  Go 
             ।  ਭ.
 Quit        ᪠    sysadmsh.
            ண 室   <F2>  <ESC>.

                       - 2-18 -

     ࠭ Help   ଠ,  ⠪ ᯥ-
 ଠ   樨, ᫥  , 
ண Help  뫠  ࠭.   ᮮ饭 ।
ᮮ⢥饩 ப   砥 뫪   -
 樮 ⥬.    ᪮, ᫥騥
  ப,  ᥪ User's Reference. -
ਬ, vi(C) 砥,    ᮤন ଠ  vi
 ࠧ  User's Reference.
    -------------------------------------------------------
    ਬ砭:
       ࠡ⠥     UNIX,     -
   ॠ樨  Help.  ਬ,       ࠫ:
Dirs/Files -> Edit,     UNIX vi  
sysadmsh  㭪樮.  ᫥   ⮩  
   sysadmsh  ᭮  ࠢ쭮 㭪樮-
஢. ᫨ ⮢ sysadmsh   ࠭ (ப  -
, ᪨,  ⥪  ..),  Help, ⭥
ᥣ  㯭.  ᫨    㦭,  㦭  
⥪饣          <F1>.    
ᯮ짮 Help । 믮 롮 .

                       - 2-19 -

     ⥪饣 ⠫  sysadmsh

     ᪮쪮 砥,  㦭  ⥪騩 -
⠫  ᯮ짮  䠩  .   -
 ६  㣮 ⠫   <F6>.  -
騩 ⠫  㤥    ᢥ   ࠭.  ⥬ 
ᯮ짮  <BKSP>  ࠭  ⥪饣  -
⠫         -
. ᫥    ⠫   
  ࠧ  ப .

                       - 2-20 -

    㭪樮 

    㭪樮       
६.
 ___________________________________________________________
    ⢨
 ___________________________________________________________

 <F1>       ᪠ - 뢮  ࠭ ᠭ -
           饩 㭪樨. 쭥 ଠ 㯭 
           ୮ ⨨ ⮩  .
 <F2>       室 - ⨢  Quit  -
            ஢ ,  n    sysadmsh
 <F3>       ⠫ (pop-up) - 뢮  ࠭
           ᯨ᮪ ꥪ⮢,  ਭ ⥪騬
           .
 <F4>       ஢ન ᠭ (ᯮ 
           ) - 뢮  ࠭ ᯨ᮪ ᫮ 宦 
           , ⮫쪮 ࠢ쭮 ᠭ. 㦭 
               .  ᫮  -
            .
 <F5>       ᪠ (ᯮ  ) - ਣ蠥
              ப.  ᫥    ப  
            ᢥ⪠ ६  ꥪ, ᮢ訩
            ⮩  ப.  ᫨ ᮢ  ,  
           ᢥ⪠  ६. ஬ ⮣, 窠  -
           ⮩ (;)  稥 (:)   ।
            , ᮮ⢥⢥.
 <F6>        ⠫ -   ᬥ
           ⥪騩 ࠡ稩 ⠫.  ⬥⨬,    -
            ⠫, ᫨  맢 sysadmsh ᫥ -
           室.
 <F7>        - ᯥ 뢮  
           뢥   ᪠஢.

                       - 2-21 -

    ᯮ짮 ᪥-᫥⥫쭮⥩ 窨
     㯠   ப UNIX

      ᯮ짮  UNIX   sysadmsh -
⥬  ᪥-ᨬ 窨 -  ᪫⥫쭮  
(!).  頥 -, ஥ 뢮 ப ⥪
 ਣ襭   . ᫥     
 㤥 믮 窮.  ᫥ 믮 
 뢮   ࠭   㤥 ਣ襭   -
      .
    --------------------------------------------------------
    ਬ砭:   ப  UNIX     㯭
⮫쪮   窨.      ࠭,  -
,    ᯨ᪠ point-and-pick.

                       - 2-22 -

    ६ । sysadmsh

    sysadmsh ⥯ ᯮ ᫥騥  ६  ।,
   ।    䠩  짮⥫  .login 
.profile:

 SA_EDITOR             ᫨  ⠭,  । 
                       㬮砭  - Lirix, ᫨  ⠭-
                         vi(C), ᫨ Lirix  㯥.
 SA_MAIL               ᫨  ⠭,  ⠫쮭 
                       㬮砭 - SCO Portfolio email, ᫨
                        ⠭  UNIX mail(C), ᫨
                       .
 SA_PRINT              ᫨  ⠭,   㬮砭
                       ਭ - /dev/lp.

                       - 2-23 -

     UNIX   sysadmsh

     ⠡ 뢠  UNIX,   -
஭ ࠧ  樨   sysadmsh.   祭 -
⥫쭮 ଠ樨    ⭮    ᬮ  ࠭
ᮡ.   뫮  ᮤন ࠭ ᮡ  
  ᪮ ᫥  .  樨 뫮 ,  
F 室      User's  Reference;  ᥪ  ADM  -  System
Administrator's Reference.
 ___________________________________________________________
  sysadmsh                UNIX
 ___________________________________________________________

 System ->
    Report ->
      Activity                   ps(C)
      Users                      who(C)-H
      Printers                   lpstat(C)
      Disk                       df(C) -v -i
      Network ->
           Xnet                  xnstatus
           Micnet                netutil(ADM)
           UUCP                  uustat(C)
      Messages
      Software                   custom(ADM)
    Cofigure ->
      Security ->
           Relax                  ⮩ 㭪樨  -
                                 .
      Kernel ->
           Parameters            configure(ADM)
           Rebuild               link_unix(ADM)
           DOS                   mkdev(ADM)dos
           Streams               mkdev(ADM)streams
           Layers                mkdev(ADM)shl
      Logout                     idleout(ADM)
      Defaults ->
           Message               edit motd
           Checklist             edit/etc/checklist
           Other               edit any file in /etc/default

                       - 2-24 -

      International ->
           System                edit /etc/default/lang
           Individual            edit .profile  .login
           Display               mapchan(F)
           Keyboard           modifies /usr/lib/keyboard/keys
      Network ->
           UUCP                  uuinstall(ADM)
      Time                       asktime(ADM)
    Hardware ->
           HardDisk              mkdev(ADM)hd
           Tape                  mkdev(ADM)tape
           Printer             ⠪  Printers->Configure
           SerialCard            mkdev(ADM)serial
           Mouse                 mkdev(ADM)mouse
    Software                     custom(ADM)
    Audit ->                    ⮩ 㭪樨  
           Enable
           Disable
           Collection ->
               Directories ->
                   List
                   Create
                   Delete
                   Add
                   Remove
               Events ->
                   View
                   Modifiy
               IDS ->
                   View
                   Modify
               Parameters ->
                   View
                   Modify
               Reset
               Statistics
          Report ->
               List
               View
               Create
               Modify
               Delete
               Generate

                       - 2-25 -

          Files ->
               List
               Backup
               Delete
               Restore
          Execute           script  /usr/lib/sysadm/local
          Teminate               shutdown(ADM)
    Backups ->
        Create ->
           Sheduled              fsphoto(ADM)
           Unsheduled            cpio(C)  xbackup(ADM)
        Restore ->
           Partial               cpio(C)  xrestore(ADM)
           Full                  cpio(C)  xrestore(ADM)
           User/Groups
           Terminals
        Shedule              edit 䠩 /usr/lib/sysadmin/shedule
        Contents                 cpio(C)  xrestore(ADM)
        Integrity                fsphoto(ADM)
    Accounts ->
        User ->
        Examine:
           Audit
           Expiration
           Identity
           Logins
           Password
           Authorizations
        Create
        Retire ->
        System ->
           Password
           Logins
           Priveleges
        Terminal ->
           Examine
           Create
           Delete
           Lock
           Unlock
           Assign ->

                       - 2-26 -

             Examine
             Create
             Delete
        Report ->
           Password ->
             Impending
             Expired
             User
             Group
             Full
           Terminal
           Login ->
             User
             Group
             Terminal
    Printers ->
        Configure ->             lpadmin(ADM)
           Add
           Modify
           Remove
           Default
           Parameters
           Errors
           Content
           Network
           Users                 lpusers(ADM)
        Shedule ->
           Begin                 lpshed(ADM)
           Stop                  lpshut(ADM)
           Accept                accept(ADM)
           Reject                reject(ADM)
           Enable                enable(C)
           Disable               disable(C)
        Request ->
           Move                  lpmove(ADM)
           Cancel                cancel(C)
        Auxiliary ->
           Alert                 lpadmin(ADM)
           Filter ->             lpfilter(ADM)
             Change/Add
             Remove
             List
             Original

                       - 2-27 -

        PPforms ->               lpforms(ADM)
           Configure
           Modify
           Remove
           List
           Users
           Alerts ->
             Specify
             List
             Terminate
             Remove
       Priorities ->             lpusers(ADM)
           Default
           Highest
           Remove
           List
    Media ->
       List                      tar(C) -t
       Extract                   tar(C) -x
       Archive                   tar(C) -c
       Format                   format(C)  dos(C):dosformat
       Duplicate *                diskcp(C)
       Tapedump                  tapedump(C)
    Jobs ->
       Report                    ps(C)
       Terminate                 kill(C)
       Authorize
           Sxheduled
           Delayed
           Environment
    Dirs/Files ->
       List                      ls(C) -CF
       View                      cat(C)
       Copy                      copy(C)
       Edit                      edit (SCO Lyrix,vi(C),ed(C)
                                  । १ -
                                  ।)

                       - 2-28 -

       Modify ->
           Permissions           chmod(C)
           Ownership             chown(C)
           Group                 chgrp(C)
           Name                  mv(C)
           Size                  compress(C)
           Format                translate(C)
       Print                     lp(C) (। १
                                 ६ ।)
       Archive                   tar(C) -c
       Differences               dircmp(C)  diff(C)
       Remove                    rem(C) -rf
       UseDOS ->
           List                  dos(C):dosdir  dosls
           Remove                dos(C):dosrmdir  dosrm
           Makedir               dos(C):dosmkdir
           Copy                  dos(C):doscp
           View                  dos(C):doscat
           Format                dos(C):dosformat

           Check                 fsck(ADM)
           Mount                 mount(ADM)
           Unmount               umount(ADM)
           Add                   mkdev(ADM)fs
           DOS                   (⠪   System->Confi-
                                 gure->Kernel->DOS)
    Quit ->
           Yes
           No

    * 뢠  㭪 sysadmsh,     
UNIX.

                       - 3 - - 3-1 -

            3

      ⠭ ⥬
    ________________________________________________________

                                                 3-1
     ⥬                                       3-2
           㧪 樮 ⥬                 3-2
           ⪠ 䠩 ⥬                      3-3
           롮 ० 権 ⥬                 3-3
    室  㯥௮짮⥫                           3-5
    ⠭ ⥬                                      3-6
           ᯮ짮  shutdown                3-6
           ᯮ짮  haltsys                 3-7
    ᭥ ଠ樨 㧪                      3-8
    ᯮᮡ  㧪                     3-9
            䠩 /etc/default/boot             3-9
           ⮬᪠ 㧪                       3-10
    ᯮᮡ ᪠ ⥬                       3-11
            䠩 /etc/inittab                  3-11
            ᥩ /etc/rc2                    3-12
            䠩 .profile  .login            3-14
            䠩 /etc/motd                     3-15

    
    ____________________________________________________

     ⮩    ⮢  ⠭ -
 ⥬.   ⠪  室  ⥬  㯥-
짮⥫ (root),    楤 /㧪
⥬,  ᯮ짮 ଠ,  뢥    ६
㧪.

                       - 3-2 -

     ⥬

     ⥬  UNIX  ॡ  祬  
㬯.   믮 ᪮쪮 蠣   樠-
樨 ⥬  ࠡ.  ⥬ ॡ:

    *  㧪 樮 ⥬
    *  ⪨ 䠩 ⥬ (᫨ ⥬ 뫠 ࠢ-
       쭮 ⠭)
    *  롮 ० ࠡ ⥬

    騥 ࠧ 뢠    楤.

    㧪 樮 ⥬

     蠣   ⥬  -  㧪  樮
⥬  ⢥म ᪠ . 믮 ᫥騥 -
:
    1.   ⠭        ⢥म  ᪥.
        㧨 ணࠬ ⪨ 㧪  -
         ࠭ ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:
    ______________________________________________________

     Boot
     :

    2.    - <Return>. ணࠬ -
       ⪨ 㧪 㧨 樮 ⥬.

     ⥬ 㦥,   뢮 ଠ   ᥡ
ᠬ   ஢  ࠢ쭮  ୥  䠩 ⥬
(root filesystem),     䠩    ⠫.  ᫨
䠩 ⥬  襭,   뢠 ⮩. ᫨
 ,      ०  権.  ᫨  
 -  ᮮࠧ,   䠩 ⥬ 㦭
.

                       - 3-3 -

    ⪠ 䠩 ⥬

    ⪠ 䠩 ⥬ 㦭    ᫥饣
ᮮ饭:
    ______________________________________________________
      Proceed with cleaning (y or n)?
      (த  ⪮ (  )?)

     ᮮ饭  뢮 ⮫쪮 ᫨ 䠩 ⥬ 
뫠 ࠢ쭮 ⠭,    ⠪    ࠧ-
 ⠭  ⥬.  樮  ⥬ ॡ ⮩
䠩 ⥬  ᯥ祭 ࠢ쭮 ࠡ. ᫨ -
襯ਢ ᮮ饭    ,      䠩
⥬   ⮢  ࠡ.
     ⪨  䠩 ⥬  y ( ᫮ yes -
)    .  ⨫ fsck(ADM)  䠩-
 ⥬,  ⠭  ०  䠩   㤠
䠩,   ⠭.  ᮮ  믮
 蠣.  ⮩ 窥    -   
⠭ 䠩.  ᥣ 㦭 ⢥ y  n  -
 .      ᭥   ࠡ  fsck  ᬮ  ࠧ
⭮ 䠩 ⥬   ᯮ짮  䠩
⥬   ᮡ.
     ⪠ ,  ⥬    
० ࠡ.

     롮 ० 権 ⥬

       ० ࠡ  ⮫쪮 㢨 ᫥-
饥 ᮮ饭:
    ______________________________________________________
      Type CONTROL-D to continue with normal startup,
      (or give the root password for system maintenance):
      ( CONTROL-d  த ଠ쭮 -
       (  ஫   প ⥬)

                       - 3-3a -

    ⥬   ० ࠡ: ଠ쭮 㭪樮-
  প ⥬. ଠ쭮 㭪樮஢ ।-
祭  ᥤ ࠡ.  짮⥫ 室
 ⥬  ࠡ.  প ⥬ १ࢨ஢ 
믮 ⥬ ஬.   ࠧ蠥 ࠡ-
  짮⥫.
     롮 ଠ쭮 㭪樮஢   <CTL>d.
⥬ 뢥 ᮮ饭    믮 , -
㦥   /etc/rc2, ᠭ   ⮩ .
 ⥬  뢮  ਣ襭 login:.    ⥬
  ଠ 짮⥫,     室
 ⥬     Tutorial   㯥௮짮⥫,  
  ᫥饬 ࠧ.

                       - 3-4 -

     롮 ० প ⥬  ஫  (-
뢠騩 root password)   . ⥬ 뢮 
࠭ ᮮ饭   ਣ襭  (#).      
/etc/rc2   믮.  롨ࠩ ० প ⥬
⮫쪮 ᫨ 㦭 ஢ ⠭⥫ ࠡ  -
,   ⮬ 㣨 짮⥫   ࠡ.  ᫥
室  ⥬  ⮬ ०     <CTL>d  ⥬
⮬᪨   ଠ ०.
     室    ଠ쭮  ०    ०  প
⥬     root    뤠 ᫥  
 ⥬, १㧪  室  ० প:

    /etc/shutdown  -g2  su

    * 짮⥫  sysadmsh  롥: System -> Terminate
    㬥  - ᫮    ⥬.

                       - 3-5 -

     室  㯥௮짮⥫

        設⢮   প ⥬   믮-
  ६ 筮 ࠡ ॡ 襣 室   㯥-
짮⥫. ਬ,   ⠭.
      室  㯥௮짮⥫ 㦭   ஫.
㦭 㢨 ਣ襭 login:  ࠭ 襣 ନ.
᫨   㢨  ᮮ饭,   <CTL>d    
,    .
      室  㯥௮짮⥫ :

     1.  ᮮ饭 login:   室 㯥௮짮-
        ⥫:

           root

        ⥯  . ⥬ ਣ   -
        ஫ 㯥௮짮⥫.

     2.  ஫ 㯥௮짮⥫   
        . ⥬  뢥 ஫  ࠭, ⠪  
        訡.

     ⥬ ஥  㯥௮짮⥫   뢥  
࠭ ᮮ饭   ਣ襭 㯥௮짮⥫ (#).
     ਬ  ।஦  室   㯥௮-
⥫.   ⭮  ஦ 㤠  
䠩.  ,  ᪮ 㯥௮짮⥫  -
祭   ᥬ 䠩;   㤠  -
஢ 䠩,     ⥬.  -
 騥 ᨬ  ࠡ (ᨬ,  ।騥 
 䠩)  ࠭ ᢮ ⥪騩 ⠫.
        ६     ० 㯥௮짮⥫
   <CTL>d.

                       - 3-6 -

    ⠭ ⥬

    ⠭ ⥬ UNIX ॡ   몫祭 -
.   㦭  ਣ⮢ ⥬  ⠭  
 shutdown  haltsys. 騥 ᥪ樨 뢠 -
 .

      ᯮ짮  shutdown

     shutdown  믮 ଠ ⠭ ⥬ 
 ᯮ짮  ଠ쭮 ० ࠡ.  ।-
० 㣨 짮⥫,   ⥬   -
    ६  襭 ࠡ.

    1.   㯥௮짮⥫.  ࠧ 室 
       㯥௮짮⥫   . ⥬ ஥ 
         뢥 ᮮ饭   ਣ襭 㯥-
       짮⥫.
    2. :
                 /etc/shutdown

       * 짮⥫  sysadmsh 롥: System -> Terminate

       . ⥬ 뢥 ।०-
饥 ᮮ饭   ନ,   짮-
  ᢮ ࠡ    ⥬.  ⮫쪮 
짮⥫ 멤   뤥 ६, ⥬
஥    뢥  ࠭ ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:
    ______________________________________________________
      ** Safe to Power off **
              - or -
      ** Press Any Key to Reboot **
     ( 몫 ⠭
              -  -
          १㧪)

    3. 몫       -
      १㧪 ⥬.

         ०   -짮⥫᪨ 
  ⥬ ਤ 㬥 su  shutdown:

       /etc/shutdown  -g15  su

                       - 3-7 -

     㬥  砥 ᫮   ⠭ -
짮⥫᪮ ०.

     ᯮ짮  haltsys

     haltsys ⠭  ⥬  .  
   ᯮ짮  ⮫쪮   짮⥫᪮
०. ᫨  뤠  haltsys  ⥬    
짮⥫,   ࠡ 㤥 ﭠ.
     ⠭ ⥬   haltsys 믮 ᫥-
騥 蠣:
    1.   㯥௮짮⥫.  ࠧ 室 
       㯥௮짮⥫   . ⥬ ஥ 
         뢥 ᮮ饭   ਣ襭 㯥-
       짮⥫.
    2. :

           /etc/haltsys

       .  ⥬ 뢥 ᫥饥
ᮮ饭:
    ______________________________________________________

      ** Safe to Power off **
              - or -
      ** Press Any Key to Reboot **
     ( 몫 ⠭
              -  -
          १㧪)

    3. 몫       -
      १㧪 ⥬.

                       - 3-8 -

      ᭥ ଠ樨 㧪

     ६  㧪 ᥣ 뢮  ࠭ ⠡ -
ଠ樨   ࠧ ᫥ ଠ樨 copyright.  
⠡ ।⠢      䨣  
ਭ 樮 ⥬.  ।⠢ -
஢   ࠭  㧪   ਬ.  
⠡ ।⠢  ਬ:

    device address    vector dma comment
   _______________________________________________________
   fpu     -             35    -  type=80387
   floppy  0x3F2-0x3F7   06    2  unit=0 type=96ds15
   serial  0x2F8-0x2FF   03    -  unit=1 type=Standart nports=1
  parallel 0x378-0x37A   07    -  unit=0
  console  -             -     -  unit=ega type=0
  disk     0x1F0-0x1F7   -     -  type=W0 unit=0 cyls=791
                                  hds=16 secs=48

       ᫥ ⠡:

    device,address       ।, ᮢ 
    vector, dma,       ⭠筮 ,  -
    comment            ,  אַ 㯠  
                        㣨 ⠫.
    fpu                ன⢮  饩 窮 -
                       ,  80387.
    floppy             ࠩ 䫮-᪠ ᮪ ⭮
    serial              COM1, 騩   (-
                         ⠭)
    parallel             ࠫ 
    console            ᮫   EGA ᮢ-
                       ⨬  EGA IBM.
    disk               ஫ Western Digital st506 
                       0 (W0), ⢥  0 (unit 0),  ⠪-
                        ᫮ 樫஢,    ᥪ஢.

    ⨫ hvconfig(C) ᯮ  뢮  ࠭ 
㯠   ⮩ ଠ樨   ६ ⥬ ᯮ짮
ଠ樨  䨣樨, ࠭饩  䠩 /usr/adm/hwconfig.
  ࠭ ᮡ hwconfig(C)  User's Reference.

                       - 3-9 -

    ᯮᮡ  㧪

     ࠧ  ந   ,  ⥬
᪠ ணࠬ  boot.  ᬮ  ࠧ 樨 
ਣ襭 boot,   ணࠬ 㦠 ணࠬ  
㬮砭 ᯮ 祭 䨣樨,    䠩
/etc/default/boot  ୥ 䠩 ⥬  㬮砭.
  ।஢  䠩   ᫮ -
 㧮.    ⠭ ⠪  樨  
 䠩  ⮬᪮ 㧪 ⥬.

       䠩 /etc/default/boot

    ࠭ ᮡ  boot(HW)  뢠 樨 㧪 
㬮砭,      ⥬  ।஢
䠩 /etc/default/boot.
      ணࠬ, 㦠  㬮砭, 
 室    ⥬ ⮫쪮  ⨥ <Return>  ⢥ 
ਣ襭 㧪   ப  㧪  
㬮砭         樨    DEFBOOTSTR        䠩
/etc/default/boot. ਬ,  ᫥  ⠭    䠩
/etc/default/boot 뢠  ணࠬ boot  㧪 
 ⢥म ᪠  㬮砭.

       DEFBOOTSTR=hd(40)unix

      㪢 㬥  ।  ன⢮  (
⢥म ᪠ - hd,  䫮 - fd). ᫮  ᪮ - 
訩  ன⢠ (40  ୥  䠩  ⥬
 ⢥म ᪥).  ᪮  ணࠬ  㧪.
    ᮡ Release Notes 뢠  祢  ᫮-
,       ப 㧪 
⢨  ࠧ묨 ﬨ  .   
⠪    祢 ᫮    ப -
㧪  㬮砭      DEFBOOTSTR.  ਬ,  
ᯮ짮   Intel Inboard  ᮪᪮⭮ ०
⮬᪨  ࠧ ᫥ 㧪,    祢
᫮ inboard:

    DEFBOOTSTR=hd(40) unix inboard

                       - 3-10 -

      ⮬᪠ 㧪

    ⠭ AUTOBOOT,   TIMEOUT      PANICBOOT     䠩
/etc/default/boot ਢ  ⮬᪮ 㧪.
    ᫨ AUTOBOOT=NO, ணࠬ boot 㤥   ⢥ 
ਣ襭 㧪.    ⠭  AUTOBOOT=YES  
⥬ 㤥  㦠  ⮬᪨  ᫨    ⢥ 
ਣ襭 㧪  祭 ண ६ ⢥  
㤥.   ६    㬮砭  - 60 ᥪ㭤,    
⠭   樨 TIMEOUT.  襭 ⮣ ࢠ-
 ६ 㧪  ⠪,      
<Return>.
       ⠭    PANICBOOT  YES  NO 
 १㧪 ⥬ ᫥ ᫮ panic().
     祭    ஡  ଠ樨  
ࠧ ᮡ autoboot(ADM).

                       - 3-11 -

      ᯮᮡ ᪠ ⥬

       ⥬  祭    㦥,   
ᯥ ࠡ  ⥬  稭 樠஢ 
஢ 䠩 ⥬.   ஢ -
 ⥬   ⥬  䨪樨  䠩  樠樨
⥬.
     䠩 ᮤঠ  / ,   ⥬
⠥    ,  ﭨ 樠樨 
 짮⥫ 室  ⥬.   筮 
䠩 ⥬, ᪠ ணࠬ  ⠭ -
 ⠫  ⨯ ନ.  樠樨, ᬠ-
 ,      /etc/inittab,   /etc/rc2,    .profile,
/etc/motd.
     ⥬  ஢ 䠩 樠-
樨  ᮧ  㦭 ।.   - 
⥪⮢ 䠩    ।஢   -
 ⥪⮢ । ⠪  vi(C).  ⬥⨬,  ,
   䠩 /etc/inittab  ᮮ⢥⢮  ᯥ-
樠쭮 ଠ,  ᠭ  ᮡ  inittab(F). (
祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨   ﭨ  樠樨
   ᥪ樨  init(M)    User's  Reference.) 
/etc/rc2  䠩 .profile ᮤঠ     ਨ  
ଠ  䠩, ᠭ   窠  
User's Guide.

       䠩 /etc/inittab

     ⥬  ﭨ 樠樨,  init(M)
⠥ 䠩 inittab  祭 権,   㦭
ᯮ짮   ﭨ.   䠩  ᮧ    -
ᥩ,  ᮤঠ ᫥騥 4 ,  ࠧ -
ﬨ:
    *  㭨 䨪樮 ,
    *  ﭨ 樠樨   ୮ ,
    *  祢 ᫮, ᮮ饥 init  ࠪ⮢
        
    *    믮 init  室  
       ﭨ.

                       - 3-12 -

    ਬ, ᫥ ப  inittab ᮮ頥 init, -
  믮  /etc/rc2  室   짮-
⥫᪨ ०,   ﭨ 2 樠樨.

    r2:23:wait:/etc/rc2 1> /dev/console 2>&1 </dev/console

            㭪樨 樠樨
। 䠩 inittab (ᬮ ᠭ inittab(F)   -
祭  ⠫쭮 ଠ樨). ᫥ 䨪樨 -
  ⮫쪮 ६묨 ᪮   䠩  inittab
ᮧ  ६ 뢠 .  ⮡ ᤥ -
 ﭭ묨  楤 樠樨   ⠪-
 ஢  室  䠩   ண  䠩 -
ᮧ.  䨪樨    ।
     䠩 /etc/conf/cf.d/init.base  
  㣨 䠩   ⠫ /etc/conf/init.d.

       ᥩ /etc/rc2

     室  짮⥫᪨ ० (init  state  2)
init 믮  /etc/rc2  ᮮ⢥⢨  ﬨ
 inittab.  rc2 ⠭  ६  ।  
᪠ ᪮쪮 ᥩ 樠樨. , ᪠-
 rc2 ࠭  ᪮쪨 ⠫  믮  -
⠭ 浪    ᯥ祭 ࠢ쭮 樠-
樨.  ࠧ 뢠   /etc/rc2.d,   -
᪠ rc2         蠣      襩
ᮡ⢥ . ᮡ  rc2(ADM) 뢠 㣨 -
, ᪠ rc2.

                       - 3-13 -

    騩 祭 뢠 冷,  ஬ rc2 -
索   /etc/rc2.d   ⪮  ᠭ  㭪-
権, 믮塞  .

    S00SYSINIT           ᮮ饭 
      V
    S01MOUNTFSYS       ஢ 䠩 ⥬, 
      V                 /etc/default/filesys
    S03RECOVERY        ਡઠ ᨨ ।஢ vi ᫥
      V                
    S04CLEAN           ]
      V                 㤠 ६ 䠩
    S05RMTMPFILES      ]
      V
    S15HWDNLOAD        㧪 
      V
    S16KERNINIT         , mapkey, । -
      V                ᮢ, 樠 㣮 
    S20setup           ᯥ 䨣 ⥬ 
      V                ஢ /etc/systemid
    S21perf             ⥬
      V
    S70uucp            ⪠ 䠩 ஢ UUCP
      V
    S75cron             - ,㦨
      V                cron
    S80lp               ⨫ lpshed  
      V
    S97USRDAEMON         짮⥫
      V
    S88USRDEFINE       , ।塞 짮⥫,
      V                믮塞 ᫥ 㧪
    S90RESERVED        뢮  fsck, ࠭  -
                        ⮧㧪  ୥.

    ᪮ rc2 ᯮ   ⠫  浪
᫥⥫쭮 ஢ ASCII   䠩 ।
冷 믮.   冷 祭 , ᪮ -
     室 ࠡ 㦨 ண-
ࠬ  .
       㭪樨  楤 樠樨 -
 ᫥騥 蠣:

                       - 3-14 -

    1.  ,  믮 㦭 㭪.
    2.  䠩 ⠪,    筥  㪢 S  -
       ஢ ᫠, 饣 冷,  ஬ 
         믮 ⭮⥫쭮 㣨 䠩 -
         稢 , ஥ 뢠 㭪樨
        (ਬ, S03RECOVERY ࠢ ⠭-
        ᫥    믮 ᫥ ,  稭-
       饩  S02  ।   ஬ S04.)  
       ᫥ ⮬ ᮣ襭   믮
       ⮩   㦭 ६.
    3.    ⠫ /etc/rc2.d  ⮣, -
         ᯮ 䠩 rc2.
    ᫨ 㭪,   㦭 , ⮩  ⥣-
ਨ,     㭪樨,  믮塞   /etc/rc2.d,  
 ।       -
 㭪樨.  ,    㭪, ᮮ⢥-
 UUCP  䠩 S70uucp.

       䠩 .profile  .login

     䠩 ᮤঠ ,  樠 ।
    짮⥫.    짮⥫,  
⠭⭮  窮 /bin/sh, 䠩 .profile -
   譨 ⠫.  ᫨ 짮⥫ ᯮ
- /bin/csh,     䠩 .login    ᢮
譨 ⠫.  (  ᨬ  窨 室 
ਬ 㣨 䠩.)     䠩  믮
ᨬ  ⮣,  襫 짮⥫.  筮 -
ঠ ,   ⠭ ࠧ  ६
⥬ ( ,  TERM,  PATH,  MAIL).   ६ 
⥬ ⠪ ଠ  ⨯ ନ,   ᪠  -
᪠ 짮⥫ ணࠬ,   ᬠਢ -
 騪 짮⥫,    ।  㭪-
権 kill  backspace,   ⠪  (ᬮ   窥
 -窥  User's Guide).
       짮⥫   䠩 .profile
 .login.   䠩 ࠧ饭  譥 ⠫ 짮-
⥫  ᮧ  .   짮⥫ 
஢ ᢮ ᮡ⢥ 䠩 .profile  .login 
  ⥬  㦭 䨪樨.  -
 砥 䠩   ।஢      ⥪⮢.
    㤠 .

                       - 3-15 -

      䠩 /etc/motd

    饭  䠩 /etc/motd, ᮤন ਢ⢨
뢮  ࠭  ᨬ  ⮣,      ⥬
室 짮⥫.  砫  䠩 ᮤন   
ᨨ 樮 ⥬.    ஢  
祭 ⠪ ᮮ饭    ⪥ ⠫-
, ।०    室  ࠭   䠩
⥬,  ⠪ .
     /etc/motd -   ⥪⮢ 䠩, ⠪  
 ।஢   筮 ।.   -
饥  ⮨  ⮬,    室    
㤠 ᯮ㥬 䠩   ᪮ -
࠭⢠.  㦭 ࠭ ࠧ ⮣ 䠩  -
 ࠭ ᯫ.
                            - 4-1 -

     

        ᠭ     㭪権  -
 ⥬:  ᮧ  ᮯ஢ 䠩 ⥬.
  ⨯ 䠩 ⥬,  㯭  ᯮ짮-
. ஬  ⮣,  뢠 騥  ࠡ  ᮯ஢-
, ⠪,   ⥣ ᯥ祭 ᢮  ࠭⢠.
 ⨥  "楫⭮  䠩  ⥬"; 뢠,
 樮 ⥬  ⠭  ᯮ祭  䠩
⥬.   䠩 ⥬ 㦤   "-
 ⪨ ᪮".  ଠ  ࠧ襭  䠩  -
 ᯥ ᭮ .    "ᯥ祭 ᭮
⥬" 饣 㬥.
.
                          - 4-2 -

        ?

      ⥬ -  ࠧ 樮 ⥬, -
騩  䠩, ⠫  ଠ樨, 室   ᪠
 㯠  .  ⥬  ।⠢  -
,  ᭮ ன  ⠫  䠩.
       ⥬ UNIX   ࠩ    䠩-
 ⥬ -  ࢨ筮 ⪮ ᪥.  䠩 ⥬
뢠 ୥  砥 ᨬ "/".  ୥ 䠩-
 ⥬ ᮤঠ ணࠬ  ⠫, ⠢騥 -
樮 ⥬.    ⪨ ᪠  ୥  䠩
⥬ ⠪     짮⥫᪨ ⠫.  ஬
⮣, ࢨ ⪨   ࠧ  ᪮쪮 䠩-
 ⥬,   ᠭ   "楤 ⠭" 㬥
Installation Guide;   ᠬ 㯮ॡ⥫  ࠧ
 䠩  ⥬  /u,   ᯮ㥬   ஢
짮⥫᪨ ⮢  ୥ 䠩 ⥬.   (
஡   䠩 ⥬ . ࠧ "஢ -
 ᪠"         "楤   ⠭"   㬥
Installation Guide.)
     ⥬ UNIX    㣨 䠩 ⥬,  ᮤ-
騥 ᯥ樠  ⠫    ਪ ணࠬ.  
ࢨ筮 ⪮ ᪠  ᪮쪮 䠩 ⥬ ஢-
     祭 ᮯ஢.  쭥襥 -
 䠩 ⥬ ⥬ 祭 ⥫  ⪨
᪮ ਢ  ७ ࠭⢠  ⥬.  -
 ⥬  ᮧ  䠩 ⥬,   -
⥬    室 "ᮥ"   ⥬ (-
)  "ᮥ" (஢),  - ⠪  ࠧ,  
⢫    .   ᫥饬 ࠧ -
뢠,    䠩 ⥬ ,   ᫨  㦭,
६ 짮⥫᪨    .   -
 ⥪ 䨣 ࢨ筮 ⪮ ᪠.  (  ⮬,
   ⥪  ࣠  䠩 ⥬  ࢨ筮
⪮ ᪥,  . ࠧ "/ 䠩 ⥬
 ࢨ筮 ⪮ ᪥".)
.
                            - 4-3 -

     ஢  ஢ 䠩 ⥬

      ᮥ  ᮥ 䠩 ⥬ ᯮ-
  mount(ADM). 㦭  ⨯ 㥬 䠩
⥬. ਬ, ⮡ ᬮ஢  ஢ /dev/u 
䠩 ⥬ /u, ᫥ ᯮ짮 ᮮ⢥⢥ ᫥-
騥 :

     mount /dev/u /u

@ 짮⥫ sysadmsh 롨 Filesystems->Mount

     umount /dev/u

@ 짮⥫ sysadmsh 롨 Filesystems->Unmount

      mount    ਬ  ⮫쪮 㯥-짮⥫.
 ⥬  ࠧ 짮⥫  ஢
 䠩  ⥬ (饭 ஫   饭-
)    mnt(C). (஡ . ࠧ "襭
짮⥫ ஢ 䠩 ⥬"   "ᯥ祭
᭮ ⥬" 饣 㪮⢠.)

     砭.
     ᫨ 䠩 ⥬  ᬮ஢,   䠩  -
. ᫨ 䠩   ᮧ      ஢
䠩 ⥬,     ᬮ஢, 譥  -
  ⮩ 䠩 ⥬,   ᠬ     -
.   䠩 ⥬ 㤥 ᬮ஢,   䠩
"祧"  砥 ஢    ᯮ.
.
                            - 4-4 -

       

     ⥬   ஥  ࠡ   ࠧ-
 ⨯ 䠩 ⥬:
     * XENIX
     * UNIX
     * DOS
     * AFS (Acer Fast Filesystem)
     ७   䠩  ⥬ UNIX  XENIX 
ࠧ,    ਢ   쥧  ᫥⢨.   
㬮砭 ਭ    䠩  ⥬ ⨯ AFS (Acer
Fast Filesystem),   ࠡ⠥  ⥫쭮  ॥    
㯭  㣨 ⥬ UNIX.      䠩 -
⥬ ࠧ  ਭ ࠢ 1.  ⥬ DOS -
㦤     "ᯮ짮  DOS  OS/2" 饣 㪮-
⢠.

     ८ࠧ 䠩 ⥬ UNIX  AFS

      ⥬ UNIX    ६  ८ࠧ  
䠩 ⥬ AFS.  ⮣ ᯮ  2-Cclustersize
 fsck(ADM),   筮 ਬ    ஢ન  
⠭ 䠩 ⥬.  -C  ࠧ -
, ⮡  ଠ 䠩 ⥬  ଠ AFS.  -
 clustersize   ⥯ ᫠ 2   16 (४-
 祭 8).
      २⢠  䠩 ⥬ AFS 來 -
  ᯮ짮  䠩 ⥬. 㤥 祢
㢥祭 ᪮ ࠡ ८ࠧ 䠩 ⥬ AFS;
  ⮫쪮    䠩  䠩 -
⥬. ८ࠧ 䠩 ⥬,    ,
      룮; ᫨   
墠⠥ ᪮쪨 ,  ८ࠧ   믮.
( ᠭ  fsck .   ࠧ "⭮ 䠩-
 ⥬".)

     砭
     । 믮  fsck ᫥ ஢ 䠩-
 ⥬.

                            - 4-5 -

     ଠ :

        2fsck -s -Cclustersize device

      device -  ன⢠ 䠩 ⥬  /dev. -
 ⬥,   ⢮ ⠪   -s.
.
                            - 4-6 -

          

     ஢ 䠩 ⥬ (    
 ⥬)  ᯥ稢 ଠ ࠡ -
 ⥬   䠩 ⥬,  ⠪ ࠭ -
稥 筮 ࠭⢠   짮⥫.  ᮯ-
஢ 䠩 ⥬  ⥬  ᫥-
 ᢮  ࠭⢮    䠩 ⥬  믮-
 ४騥 ⢨  ,   ᢮ -
࠭⢠ ⠭ ᫨誮 .
        뢠   ᮯ஢  䠩
⥬.   ᮮ,  ᪮쪮 ࠭⢠ ᯮ-
, । । ᯮ㥬 䠩  㤠  ⠭-
 ᯮ祭 䠩.
     ⥬ UNIX ࠡ⠥  ᥣ,     䠩
⥬    ࠩ  15% ᢮ ࠭⢠.  
 ⥬ ꥬ ᢮ ࠭⢠     ࠧ
᪠, ᮤঠ饣  䠩 ⥬,    ⢠ 䠩 
᪥. ᪮     䨪஢  ꥬ  -
࠭⢠,  ஫஢ ᫮ ᠭ  ᪥ 䠩.
     ᫨  䠩 ⥬  15% ᢮ ࠭⢠,
ࠡ ⥬ 筮 . ᫨  㯭 ᢮-
 ࠭⢠,  ⥬ ४頥  ⪨   䠩-
 ⥬.  砥 ४饭 筮 ࠡ 짮-
   (ᮧ  䠩  ७  -
).
     ⢥ ᯠᥭ  䠩 ⥬,  ன -
 15%  ᢮  ࠭⢠,  ⮨  㤠  
᪮쪨 䠩  䠩 ⥬.  ᫥ ࠧ -
뢠 ⥣  ᯥ祭 㯭 ᢮ ࠭-
⢠.

     ⥣ ᯥ祭 ᢮ ࠭⢠

      ⥬  ॣ୮ ஢ ⢮
᢮ ࠭⢠   ᬮ஢ 䠩 ⥬
  짮⥫  ⮬,     ᫥  ⠢  
᢮ ⠫  ᯮ㥬  䠩.    
  䠩 ᮮ饭 ⥪饣  /etc/motd.
     ஬ ⮣,   ⥬  믮  cleantmp(ADM)  
⪨ ⠫    /tmp.          ।஢     䠩
/etc/default/cleantmp, ⮡ ।,    ᫥ -
  䠩 祢 ⠫ ( 㬮砭 /tmp). ஡-
 .  ࠭ 㪮⢠, 饩 cleantmp(ADM).
.
                            - 4-7 -

     ᫨  ᢮ ࠭⢠ ᪠  15%,  -
 ⥬  ᤥ ᫥饥:
     1) ᫠ 짮⥫ ⥬ ᮮ饭  졮
㤠 ᯮ㥬 䠩;
     2)  १୮ 訥 ⠫  䠩  । 
  栬  㤠 㦭 䠩;
     3) ᪠  㤠 ६ 䠩  䠩   core;
     4)  ᮤন 䠩 ⥬ ୠ;
     5) 㬥 ࠣ ᪠:  ᤥ   䠩-
 ⥬, 㤠  䠩  ⥬ ᭮ ⠭  
१ࢭ ;
     6) ᫨ ⥬ ஭᪨  墠⠥ ᢮ ࠭-
⢠,    ᮧ  ᬮ஢ ⥫
䠩 ⥬.
      ⢨ ஡ ᠭ  ᫥ ࠧ.

     뢮  ࠭ 稭 ᢮ ࠭⢠

        df ("disk free" - "᢮ ") 
㧭, ᪮쪮 ᢮  ࠭⢠      ⭮
䠩 ⥬.    뢮  ࠭ ⢮ "-
", 㯭   䠩 ⥬.   ⮨   512
ᨬ ( ⮢) .
     ଠ  df:

        2df specialfile

@ 짮⥫ sysadmsh 롨 System->Report->Disk

      ⢥  specialfile    ᯥ樠쭮 䠩
UNIX,  ᮮ⢥ ᪮, ᮤঠ饬 䠩 -
⥬. ᫨    ᯥ樠쭮  䠩  ,   㤥 뤠
᢮ ࠭⢮   ଠ쭮  ᬮ஢  䠩
⥬.
     ਬ, ⮡ 뢥 ଠ  ᢮ ࠭⢥
୥ 䠩 ⥬ /dev/root, ᫥ 

     df /dev/root

   <Return>.  ࠭ 멤  ᯥ樠쭮 䠩-
  ⢮ ᢮ .  㧭 業⭮ ᮤ-
 ᢮  ࠭⢠    ⭮襭     ꥬ
࠭⢠  ⥬   

     df -v

.
                            - 4-8 -

     ⥬ ᮮ饭

     ᫨ ᢮ ࠭⢠ ,   ᫠  -
⥬ ᮮ饭  ᥬ 짮⥫ ⥬,  ᯮ 
wall ("write to all" - " ᥬ").     -
饭,       ᢮ ନ,   ନ
 짮⥫, ॣ஢   .
     ⮡ ᫠ ᮮ饭, 㦭 

     wall

   <Return>.    ᮮ饭; ᫨ 㦭  
ப,  <Return>.  ᫥ ⮣,    ᮮ饭  ,
 <CTL>d.  饭   ࠭  ନ 
⥬. ⮡   ।  wall,    <CTL>d;  
१   㣨 ନ ࢥ.

     뢮  ࠭ ଠ樨  ᯮ짮 ᪠

        du  뢥  ࠭ ⢮ -
, ᯮ㥬  ⠫.      
१୮  ⠫  䠩.
     ଠ  du:

         2du directory

     易⥫ ࠬ directory    ⠫-
  ᬮ஢ 䠩 ⥬. ᫨  ⠫  -
,  ࠭ 멤 ᫮   ⥪饬 ⠫.
     ਬ, ⮡  뢥 ⢮ ,  ᯮ㥬 
⠫ /usr/johnd, 

     du /usr/johnd

  <Return>.   ࠭    䠩  -
⠫ ⠫ /usr/johnd,  ⠪ ᫮ ᯮ㥬 .
.
                            - 4-9 -

     뢮  ࠭   栬

        quot ("quota" - "")   뢥 
࠭ ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫  ⢮ ਭ  
 . ଠ :

     quot specialfile

      ⢥ specialfile 㦭   ᯥ樠쭮 䠩,
 ᮮ⢥ ᪮, ᮤঠ饬 䠩 ⥬.
     ਬ, ⮡  뢥  ᯨ᮪ 楢 䠩 䠩
⥬, 室饩  ⪮ ᪥ /dev/hdl, 

     quot /dev/hdl

  <Return>.   ࠭    ᯨ᮪  짮⥫,
 䠩    ⮩  䠩 ⥬,   ᫮   
䠩   짮⥫.

     । 짮⥫ ᮮ饭  

     ᫨   -  짮⥫  㦨   ᫨誮
訥 ⠫  䠩,   ᫠ ᮭ쭮 ᮮ-
饭    mail.
     ⮡  뫪 ᮮ饭  , 

        2mail login-name

  <Return>.  ⢥ login-name    -
樮  ⥫.  ⮡ ᫠ ᮮ饭,  
,   <Return>    ⥬  <CTL>d.  ᫨ ᮮ饭
⮨  祬   ப,     ப  -
 <Return>.  mail ᪮ ᮮ饭  ⮢ 騪
짮⥫,  짮⥫    ᬮ    
 mail. ஡ .  㬥 "㪮⢮ 짮-
⥫" (User's Guide).

      䠩

        find      䠩    
, ࠧ஬, ⮩ ᮧ, 楬 / ⮩ ᫥-
 㯠.      । ᯮ-
  ᫨誮  䠩.
     ଠ  find:

     find directory parameters

.
                            - 4-10 -

      ⢥ directory 㦭   ࢮ ᬠਢ-
 ⠫. ( find ⠪ ᬠਢ  ⠫
⮣ ⠫.)  ࠬࠬ (parameters)   ᯥ樠
   祭,   ।뢠 ,   㦭 -
.  ஡ .   ᠭ find(C)  㬥 "-
筨 짮⥫" (User's Reference).    ᯮ-
 ᫥騥 ࠬ:

        2-name file
        2-atime number
     -print

     ࠬ -name ⠢    ᪠  㪠  䠩
file. ࠬ  -atime     䠩,     뫮
㯠  祭  ⢠ . ࠬ -print -
 뢮  ࠭ ⮯  㦨 䠩.
     ਬ, ⮡   䠩    temp    ⠫
/usr, 

     find /usr -name temp -print

  <Return>.   ࠭  뢥 ⮯ 
䠩,  .

      䠩 core  ६ 䠩

        find  ᪨ 䠩 core    -
 䠩.
      core ᮤন  ४饭  ணࠬ.   ⥬
UNIX  ᮧ ⠪ 䠩, ᫨ ணࠬ ਢ  訡,
   ﭨ ࠢ.  ६ 䠩 ᮤন  -
, ᮧ  ⢥ ஬筮 ⠯   믮-
 ணࠬ. ⨬ 䠩  ᯮ짮, ᫨  ண-
ࠬ   訡    뫠 ०६ ⠭
짮⥫.  ६ 䠩      ᮧ襩  
ணࠬ.
      設⢥ 砥 짮⥫  㦭  䠩  core,
 ६ 䠩,    ᯮ 㤠.
      ᪠ 䠩 core  ६ 䠩  
 䠩,     ਮ ६  뫮 -
㯠. ਬ,   ᪠  䠩 core  ⠫ /usr,  
  뫮 㯠  祭 , 

     find /usr -name core -atime +7 -print

  <Return>.
.
                            - 4-11 -

     ⪠ ୠ 䠩

      ⥬  UNIX ।ᬮ७ ᪮쪮 䠩,  뢠
ୠ묨,  ᮤঠ ଠ  ᯮ짮 -
.     ଠ,  ⥬ ⮬᪨
ᮥ    ᮮ⢥饣 䠩,  ࠭ ।-
饥 ᮤন  䠩.    ,   ࠧ  䠩
     ଠ樨. ᪮ ୠ
䠩    쭮 訬,  室 ਮ-
᪨  , 㤠  ᮤন.
      ⪨ ୠ쭮 䠩 

        2cat < /dev/null > filename

 filename  -      ୠ쭮 䠩,  
㦭 .  筮  ୠ 䠩 㯠  ଠ,
ᯮ㥬     ⮫쪮  ணࠬ,  ⮬  
筮 뫠  ⮩ ணࠬ.  筮 ଠ 䠩 -
  ᯮ饩  ணࠬ.
        ⪠ 䠩   ᫥騩 -
 ᮮ⢥饩   ணࠬ.    ਬ,    ⪠   䠩
/etc/ddate ਢ  ⮬,  ᫥饥 㡫஢ 㤥 -
ਮ᪨ 㡫஢.

       ⠭ 䠩 ⥬

     ᫨  ⥬ 뫠 ஥ ६  ࠡ, ﭭ
ᮧ  㤠 䠩 ਢ  樨, 뢠 ࠣ-
樥 ᪠.   砥,  䠩 䠩 ⥬ -
뢠  ⪨  쪨 ﬨ.   䠩 
   祬      ᪠,  ᯮ 让 ꥬ
࠭⢠ ᪠.    ⠭  ࠭⢮  䠩
⥬ (筮  5  10 業⮢), ᫨, ।⥫쭮 ᤥ-
    䠩 䠩 ⥬, 㤠  䠩
 ⪮ ᪠  ⥬ ⠭   १ࢭ . -
 ᤥ  १ࢭ  ⥬ 䠩,   ⠩
 "㡫஢ 䠩 ⥬" 饣 㪮⢠, 
ਢ 樨  㡫஢  ⠭  䠩
⥬. (ࠣ  ᪠  -  ஡ ந⥫쭮;
஡ .   "ன ந⥫쭮 ⥬" -
饣 㪮⢠.)
.
                            - 4-12 -

        䠩 楫 ९뢠  ,   䠩
뢠  ᪮,   ࠣ  㬥蠥.   㤥
⠭ 让  ꥬ ࠭⢠.  뫮   -
  楤 ਬ୮ ࠧ    ⥭ᨢ  ᯮ-
㥬 ⥬,     ० -  㬥७ ᯮ㥬 -
⥬. । 砫  ࠡ 㡥  稨 , 筮
 ⠥ , ⮡   䠩.

     ७ 䠩 ⥬

     ᫨ ᢮  ࠭⢠  ஭᪨ ,   -
   ꥬ  ⥬,  稢  ன
⪨ ,     ᠭ    .   ⮫쪮 
ᬮ஢,  ᯮ짮   䠩  ⥬  
ࠡ,   ஢   짮⥫᪨  ⥬
⠫.
     ஭᪠ 墠⪠  ࠭⢠  筮  뢠 ⥬,
  ⥬  짮⥫,  祬 ⥪騩 ⪨   
ﭨ ଠ쭮  ࠡ,      ᫨誮 
⠫  䠩.     ᮧ    䠩
⥬   ॢ    짮⥫    -
- ⠫  ⪮ ᪠,  ᢮ ⥫쭮 -
⢮ ࠭⢠  饩  䠩  ⥬  
㭪樮஢ ⥬.
.
                            - 4-13 -

         

       ᯮ짮 ⠫,  ࠧ -
 ,  祬 室.   ᪮쪮 ᯥ樠-
 ࠧ஢.  ⠫,  ᮤঠ騩 ப     祬  30
䠩 ( 易⥫ ப .   ..), 頥   
 ᪥,    ᬮ 쬠 䥪⨢. ⠫, ᮤঠ騩
 286 ப,  -० ⠥ 訬; ⠫ 襣
ࠧ, ᯮ㥬  ࠡ稩, -  筮 . -
 ,  ⮡ 뫨 訬 ⠫ ॣ樨,  -
⥫쭮   .  ⨬,  ,  ࠢ, ⠫ 
ᦨ. 祭   ᭨, ⠪  ᫨  ⠫ -
蠥 ண 祭 30  286,   ⠭ 䥪-
⨢;   ⮣,   ᫨ 㤠 䠩 ⠪ ࠧ,   
᫮   ᮮ⢥饣 ண 祭, -
⥬ -० 㤥 䥪⨢ ࠡ  ⠫.
.
                            - 4-14 -

     /       


     ᥣ   ࠭  ᯫ஢    ⪮
᪠,  ᠭ  㬥 Installation Guide. ᫨  -
  ᫮ 䠩 ⥬  ⪮ ᪥,   ᫥
ᤥ १ࢭ   襩 ⥬  믮  -
⠭,  ᠭ   "ୠ ⠭   䨪
⥬" 㬥 Installation Guide.   ⠭ -
   ࠢ      ।
࠭⢮  ᪥,   ॡ.   ,  
ᯮ짮 १ࢭ ,  ᮧ ⨫⮩  xbackup(ADM).
ﬨ, ᮧ묨  ⮩  ⨫⮩,    짮 
⠭ 䠩 ⥬,     訩  ࠧ,
祬 䠩  ⥬,       ⠭.
 ⠥  ᨫ,   ᫨ १ࢭ 䠩 ⥬  뫠
 .  ਬ, ᫨  ᤥ  20-⭮ 䠩-
 ⥬,     50 業⮢,      ᬮ
⠭ ⮬    १ࢭ   15- 䠩
⥬.   ,  饭 ୮ ⠭, ,
   㡫஢ ⥬ ᫥ ᯮ짮 ⨫⠬,
᭮묨  cpio(C)  (⠪,    롮  Backups->Create  
sysadmsh).
.
                            - 4-15 -

       

      㯮,  䠩 ⥬ -  ࠧ -
 ⥬.  易 樮 ⥬ 室 ᯥ-
祭 楫⭮  䠩 ⥬. ⢨⥫쭠 
 -  ।; 䠩 ⥬ UNIX 祭 ⮩稢
   .    맢 稥 ன 筮 
ᯥ樠 ,     짮⥫.     
 ᯥ稢  楫⭮ 䠩 ⥬.  ਬ,
᫨  ࠡ ⥬ 室   ⠭,  祭
 ଠ樨.  襭 筮 ࠣ   
䠩,   㯭묨.     樮
⥬   ࠢ   ० 䠩.  祭 ।
०  㯭  䠩 ⥬.
      ࠢ  ०  䠩 ⥬ 樮
⥬  ணࠬ fsck ("filesystem check"  -  "-
ઠ 䠩 ⥬").   ணࠬ ஢ ᮢ⨬
䠩 ⥬.    ᮤন 䠩 ( 뢠
।) ⢥ ᯮᮡ ⠭ ﭭ  - -
짮 १ࢭ  䠩 ⥬.  ணࠬ  fsck
믮 ⮬᪨   ୥ 䠩 ⥬  -
砫쭮 㧪.  饭 ﭨ ணࠬ fsck  ᫥-
騩 :

+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
|                         ( 1 - ஢ઠ   ࠧ஢)
|  ** Phase 2 - Pathnames          ( ⥩)
|  ** Phase 3 - Connectivity       (吝)
|  ** Phase 4 - Reference Counts   (稪 饭)
|  ** Phase 5 - Check Free List    (஢ઠ ᢮ ᯨ᪠)
|
     ᫨ ⥬  ४饭 ਩ (室   ⠭),
 㣨 ᮮ饭,    ॢ:

        FREE INODE COUNT WRONG IN SUPERBLK (FIX?)
               (訡   稪 ᢮  ਯ-
                ஢ 䠩   㯥࡫ - ࠢ?)

 ᠬ  ᮮ饭 ⠪ த  묨   砥,
᫨ ⥬    뫠 ⠭ ଠ쭮;  ᫥ 
 y,   fsck த ࠡ.   ᤥ  -
⥫⢠  ⥬,  ,   ࠢ,   
,  ந室    䠩  ⥬    
஡.
      楫 ᬮ७  楫⭮ ⥬   ਭ-
 㭪樮஢  fsck ᫥  ,   
᭮ ⮣  䠩, ⠫  䠩 ⥬. -
     ਭ樯 䠩   易⥫쭮,  
,  祬 ⭮ ᮮ饭,   ਢ  ;
᫥ ⮣    룫拉 ⮫ 筮. ᫥ -
.
                            - 4-16 -

  ࠧ  ⠭   ᭮  ਭ-
樯 樮 ⥬ UNIX.   ࠧ "⠭ 䠩-
 ⥬   fsck" ᠭ  堭 ᯮ짮-
   fsck.   ᫥騥  ࠧ 뢠 
䠩 ⥬,  묨 ࠡ⠥ fsck.

       ⥬ UNIX

      䠩  ⥬  ᮤন  ᯥ樠  ,
騥 樮 ⥬ ⢫   ᮯ஢-
 䠩  ,  ࠭騥  䠩 ⥬.  -
 ࠧ襭  ⠭   .
      䠩 ⥬   ਭ樯  ࠭
  ⪨ ᪠.   ⪨   ᮤন  -
, ᯮ㥬 ⥬,    ࠭ ⠬ 쪨-
 묨 ஢, ᮮ⢥騬 ⤥ 䠩. 
   ᬮ,   㪠 -   ⪮ ᪥,  
㢥७ ᪠: " 䠩 ᠭ   ⮩  -
".   ᠬ   ,  ᪮॥ ᥣ,   ࠧᠭ 
,  樮 ⥬ ᯮ ᫮  奬  -
樨, ⮡      ࠣ⮢,   ࠧ-
 䠩,  ।⠢   짮⥫   -
.
       易  ⥬,   樮  ⥬  
ᠬ  ࠡ⠥   䠩,    ⠬ .  ⮡
,   砥, ।,  䠩 ᮧ  ᠭ
     ᪥.   ⨬,    ।
 䠩  㤠     ᪮쪮  ।  ࠧ.
,   ⥯  ᯮ     ࠭⢠ 
᪥, 祬 砫.  ࠭⢮   ࠧ뢮  -
,   䠩. ࠭⢮  ᪥ 業 ண 
  .  ᢮訥 쪨 ⪨  -
 㣨 䠩. ।⠢ ᥡ    ⨥
⥭ 䠩   짮⥫,    ⠭ ᭥ ਭ樯
ᮯ஢ 䠩.    䥪⨢ ⬮ (-
), ᯮ㥬 樮 ⥬,    
祭 䥪⨢  .

      ⥬  ⥬ UNIX

      ⥬ ᮤন 䠩  ⠫,   ।-
⠢ ᯥ樠묨 ࠬ,  뢠묨 묨 ਯ-
ࠬ 䠩 (inodes)   ; 樮 ⥬ -
 ᮧ  ᫥  .
       -    ࠧ஬ 1024 , -
                   ᠭ  ᪥.     ᮤঠ
                    ⠫    䠩.  
                   ⠫ ⮨   ᭮ ਯ-
                    䠩    䠩.
.
                            - 4-17 -

      ਯ  䠩  -     த 窨 
                   筮 ⠫.   -
                   ਯ 䠩 ᮤন ଠ  䠩, -
                   筮 窥, ᮤঠ饩 ଠ  -
                   , -  ᢥ  ⮯,  ࠧ-
                     ⨯ 䠩,   ⠪  ⢥  -
                        ⮢ ⠫.  室
                   ,    ᮤন  䠩; 
                   ᮤঠ  ⠫.  ᭮ ਯ
                   䠩  ᮤন ଠ  ࠧ饭 
                   , ⠢ 䠩,  ⠪  樮-
                    ⥬  砥 室   ᮡ-
                        .
       뢠 ࠧ  ⪨ . ⮡ ᢥ 
 ६ ᪠   ⪮ ᪥,  ᯮ짮-
訥   ࠭     ᯥ樠  
 -  .    ᯮ짮   蠥
䥪⨢ 樮 ⥬.   ᪮  筮
⢮        ᪮쪮  
 ᪥,   "뢠" - ᮤঠ   ଠ
뢠  .   ᡮ - ଠ ᥣ -
, ⠪    訥      ᠭ  
,   ⢥.
      ⪨   묨, 묨 ਯ-
 䠩,  ⠫,  䠩     ,  
樮 ⥬ 㤥  ᫥?   
⮬,     ᯥ稢  ⥬ -
  䠩  ⠫,   ⠭  ࠧ-
襭 ᮥ.
     樠   - "㯥࡫" - ᮤন 
ଠ  䠩 ⥬,     ⮬,  ᯮ
 ࠣ 䠩.  㯥࡫ ᮤন ଠ, -
室  ஢ 䠩 ⥬  㯠   .
 ᮤন ࠧ 䠩 ⥬, ⢮ ᢮ -
⥫ 䠩  ଠ  㯭 ᢮ ࠭⢥.
     ଠ  ᨨ 㯥࡫  ᪥ 뢠, 
䠩 ⥬  ᬮ஢;   ଠ ন 
     ࠧ ⨢    ⥬.
ଠ 뢠 ⭮    ॣ묨 ࢠ-
    update,    筮  믮  業ﬨ
/etc/rc2,  ⥬ 饭.  update 뢠 -
 sync(C)  30 ᥪ㭤,  १ 祣 ந室 
  ᨨ 㯥࡫    ஢.   ਨ -
, ᫨ ᠭ   ଠ  筮  㠫쭠,
䠩 ⥬   祭.

     稭  䠩 ⥬

       ,  㯮   ࠧ,  -
 祭.  砥 ࠧ襭   ,
ᯮ㥬  ᪠ .      ᪮-
 稭:
.
                            - 4-18 -

      ᡮ    ᡮ ந室 ।.  訩
                      ᯮᮡ 襭 ⠪ ஡ - ᯥ
                      㪮᭨⥫쭮 ᫥ ४
                      楤ࠬ ⨪  㦨.
     ணࠬ 뢠
                      訡, 뢠騥  ᡮ ணࠬ,  
                       १⮬    .
                       㤭  騥 ४樨,  ⠪
                       祭    稭.
     訡   祫
                       ᭮ 稭 祭   砥
                       䠩 ⥬,    쪮 
                      ਧ.  ࠢ ࠡ  䠩-
                      묨 ⥬,    ᫥ ᮡ-
                      .

     ࠢ ஢ન 䠩 ⥬

     1.  ஢ 䠩 ⥬  fsck, ०
祬  ஢.   ⠪  ᫮ ஡ ⪨ -
祭 䠩 ⥬,   ᯮ짮   ०
ﭨ.
     2.   㤠 䠩 ⥬ 䨧᪨  ।-
⥫쭮 ஢.
     3.  ਬ  sync । ⠭ ⥬ 
। ஢ 䠩 ⥬. ( sync 뢠
  ୮  ⭮  .)
     ୮ 㡫஢ 䠩 ⥬  訥 -
࠭⨨ ﭭ 楫⭮ 䠩 ⥬.

     ⠭ 䠩 ⥬  fsck

      ⥬  ࠢ  fsck.  ।  -
 fsck  䠩 ⥬ 㦭 ஢.  (୥
䠩 ⥬ ஢ ,  ⠪     ⮬  砥
᫥ ᭠砫 ⠭ ⥬,  ⥬    
짮⥫᪮ ० (० 孨᪮ 㦨).)
 fsck  ஢  ࠧ   ᪥  ⠥
ᮣᮢ .     ⠭  ᮥ,
ࠧ蠥 뫪 - "" 䠩 ⥬.
.
                            - 4-19 -

     ଠ :

        2fsck specialfile

@ 짮⥫ sysadmsh 롨: Filesystems->Checks

      ⢥ specialfile 㦭   ᯥ樠쭮 䠩,
ᮮ⢥饣  ன⢠ 䠩 ⥬.

     砭
     ணࠬ fsck  ᠬ   ஭⠫쭮 -  -
  ।⥫ ࠡ, ᪠   -
 䠩  ⥬ ᢮  fsck.   ࠢ 䠩
⥬ DOS ணࠬ fsck 뢠 ᯥ樠 .

     ।, ਬ,    ⨫ ⥬ ᫥ ᡮ
⠭  室  짮⥫᪮ ०. ⮡ ஢-
 䠩 ⥬ /u,   ।⠢  ன⢮  /dev/u,


     fsck /dev/u

  <Return>. ணࠬ ஢ 䠩 ⥬  뤠
᫥騥 ᮮ饭  室 ᢮ ࠡ:

+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
|  ** Phase 2 - Pathnames
|  ** Phase 3 - Connectivity
|  ** Phase 4 - Reference Counts
|  ** Phase 5 - Check Free List
|
     ᫨     ⠯ 㦨 ० 䠩,
 , ᫥   ࠢ  ⠭. -
 ࠢ 祭 䠩,  y. ᥣ ࠧ蠩 -
⥬ ⠭ 祭 䠩,   ᫨     
     ७  㤠.
     ⨬,   fsck 㤠  䠩,     
 ᫨誮  ᨫ쭮  祭   騬 ⠭-
.    롮  fsck  -  믮 -
⠭   .     ⠢ fsck ந஢
襭 楫⭮,  ᫨   ஡ ⮫쪮 -
,    ࠧ   ᠬ⥫쭮  -
 ⨫ fsdb(ADM),    ⠭ ⥬  -
ࢭ .  ᫨    ᯮ짮 fsdb,  ᫥
 fsck  ࠢ 襭 楫⭮,    -
⨢ 砥 䠩 ⥬   ਣ  -
짮.
     ,       ᪮쪮 ࠧ 믮-
  fsck,  ० 祬  䠩 ⥬ 㤥 -
.   ᯨ᮪  ᮮ饭   訡    ࠭
㪮⢠, ᮮ⢥饩 fsck(ADM).
.
                            - 4-20 -

     ⪮ ᠭ ⠯ fsck

      fsck ᬠਢ  ஢   㯮-
 .    ⠯ 믮 ࠢ -
⮢  ஢ઠ ᮣᮢ  ⮢   㣮.
      ⠯ 1 ஢   ࠧ.   fsck ⠥
ᯨ᮪  ਯ஢ 䠩,  ⮡ । ࠧ 
᪠  ,  ᯮ㥬   䠩.   ਯ
䠩 ஢  ⢨⥫쭮 (஢ઠ ⨯    ࠧ
ਯ, ஢ઠ  ࠢ⢮  稪 痢)   -
稥 䥪  㡫஢  .  (䥪묨  
,  祭    室   ࠭ 䠩 ⥬.)
 fsck 訢,  ᫥   ਯ 䠩,  
砥  㫥   䥪⭮ ଠ樨.   ⮣ 䠩 
⠫,  ᮮ⢥騩 ⮬ ਯ, 㤥 㤠. 㡫-
஢  砥,    ਯ 㪠뢠   
   ᪥.   fsck ⠥ ।  ਣ
ਯ, ⮡ ᪮४஢ 㡫  ⠯ 2.
      ⠯ 2 ஢  ⥩.   㤠 -
 ⠫  䠩,  㤠  ⠯ 1.  ⠯ 2 -
ࠢ 訡,  맢  ࠢ  ﭨ  
ਯ஢ 䠩, 室 㪠⥫  ਯ஢  -
 ;  ࠢ ⠫,  㪠뢠騥  䥪
ਯ 䠩,   ᠭ .  砥 䠩  㡫-
묨 ,  㦥묨  ⠯ 1,  fsck ⠥ 㤠-
   䠩 (    権,  ॡ -
⥫⢠  ⥬).
      ⠯ 3 ஢ 裡.   ⠯ 2 㤠 ⠫,
 㪠뢠騥  ⢨⥫ 䠩.   ⠯ 3 ⠭-
 裡    䠩,   믠   ⠫.
 ⢨⥫ 䠩,     뫪,    
ᯥ樠 ⠫   lost+found.  ᪮ ⠫
 ᮥ,   䠩 ;  ⠫ lost+found 䠩
ᢠ .
      ⠯ 4 ஢ 稪 饭.  fsck -
 稪 痢   ,  筮 襤-
襣 ⠯ 2  3.     䠩,     뫮
㪠⥫     ⠫,       -
묨 ਯࠬ,        易    䠩
⥬  ⠫ lost+found.
      ⠯ 5 ஢ ᢮ ᯨ᮪.   fsck -
砥 ᯨ᮪ ᢮ ,  ⠢塞 䠩 ⥬, 
ࠧ蠥 騥  祭 ,     뫨
࠭ 祭   㤠.   㦥 襭 楫-
 fsck 뤠 ਣ襭 ந ᯨ᮪.
      ⠯ 6 ⠭ ᢮ ᯨ᮪.  ⥬ -
 ᯨ᮪ ᢮   ᮮ⢥⢨  
䠩 ⥬, ᫨  뫮 ।  ⠯ 5.
.
                            - 4-21 -

     ⮬᪠ ஢ઠ 䠩 ⥬

      樮  ⥬   ६  뤠 
 ஢ 䠩 ⥬.  筮    ᫥  -
ଠ쭮 ⠭  (ਬ,   १  魮 
⠭). ᫥ ஢ન 䠩 ⥬  䠩, ࠧ襭
  ⠭, ⠭.

     ࠢ 䠩 ⥬    fsdb

     ᫨ ᫥  ⠫쭮 ᡮ 㯥࡫ 䠩 ⥬ -
뢠 ⮫쪮 ०,   fsck   ﭨ   -
⠭,     fsdb ("filesystem debugger" -
"⫠稪 䠩 ⥬")  ࠢ 㯥࡫, -
 "".    让 ⭮  fsdb ,
᫨ fsck ਩ ४頥  뤠 ᫨誮  訡.
        fsdb  -  祭  魮  ।⢮,  饥  -
।⢥  㯥࡫ ( ᮤন   -
  䠩 ⥬),  ᯮ짮  ᫥  砩襩
஦.     ,   ॡ ਬ
fsdb,  室    ⮫쪮    祩 㯥࡫,
।⠢騥 fsize  isize;    祭,  
 襩 䠩 ⥬. fsize - 饥 ᫮   䠩
⥬; isize - ⢮  ਯ஢ 䠩, -
祭 䠩 ⥬.
      ਢ 冷 ᯮ짮 fsdb  楫 -
 祭 fsize  isize.
     1.  ଠ 祭 fsize  isize  襩 䠩-
  ⥬.      뫨   ᮣ᭮ 樨 
 楤 ⠭,  ᠭ    㬥  Installation
Guide.  ᫨  ⮣  ᤥ,    ࠧ 䠩
⥬   divvy  業  ᫮    ਯ஢
䠩.    । ࠧ 䠩 ⥬ ᯮ


     divvy -b 1 -c 1

 䠩  ⥬ 뢮  ࠭    -
஢ .  㦭   砫쭮      
᫥,   ࠧ 䠩 ⥬. ਡ⥫쭮
᫮  ਯ஢ 䠩 ࠢ ࠧ, 㬭 
.125.
     2.   ⮬,  fsize  isize 襩 䠩 -
 祭.
     3.  fsize  isize  㯥࡫.
     4. ⠭ fsize  isize ࠢ묨  ଠ 祭.
.
                            - 4-22 -

       蠣 ஡ ᠭ   ᫥  ࠧ.   
࠭ 㪮⢠,  ᮮ⢥饩 fsdb(ADM), ਢ -
쪮 㣨 ᯮᮡ ਬ fsdb  ᬮ  ࠡ⪨
㯥࡫;       ४ ᯮ짮
⮫쪮  ࠬ ⥬.

     ஢ઠ 襭 祭 fsize  isize

      ஢થ 䠩 ⥬ ᫥ ⠫쭮 ᡮ 
fsck 뢠  㯥࡫ ࠧ 䠩 ⥬.  ᫨ -
祭 fsize  isize,  ࠭騥     㯥࡫,  
 ଠ묨 祭ﬨ  䠩 ⥬, fsck 뤠-
  ࠭ १ ஢ન ࠧ    稢  ࠡ,
   ᫥饬 ਬ:

+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  # fsck /dev/root
|  /dev/root
|  /dev/root   File System: /  Volume: root
|  Size check: fsize 0 isize 0
|  #
|
     ࠢ 祭 fsize  isize,  뤠  fsck (
襬 ਬ - 0),  ଠ묨 祭ﬨ 襩 䠩 -
⥬. ᫨  ⫨,  ਤ 믮 fsdb, ⮡ -
 祭   㯥࡫  ଠ 祭 䠩 -
⥬.
      ࠢ쭮  뢠  ⮫쪮    -
稭,  ଠ,  뤠 fsck, 뢠 襭 
祭.   믮  fsdb   㢨 䠪᪨ 祭
fsize  isize,  ᠭ  㯥࡫,  , ᪮쪮 -
祭   ਤ   -   .   믮 fsdb
 ᫥ ,    ⢥ filesystem  䠩-
 ⥬:

        2fsdb /dev/filesystem

     祭   १ 뢮 㤥 祭 ਢ-
  ᫥饬 ਬ:

+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  # fsdb /dev/root
|  /dev/root(/): 1K byte Block File System
|  FSIZE =  1895959976, ISIZE = 7216
|
        ਬ  fsdb 뢠,   ४⭮ ⮫쪮
祭 fsize ( fsck 뤠  ४⭮  ).   fsdb
ᥣ ࠡ⠥ ⭥.
.
                            - 4-23 -

      fsize  isize  㯥࡫

     ⮡   ⠭ 祭 fsize / isize,  㦭
㬥 ᪨  祭  㯥࡫.     ᤥ,
३  ࢮ  㯥࡫  ஢ਢ   -
,     fsize  isize.  䠩 ⥬ UNIX
㯥࡫ 稭   512,    䠩 ⥬ XENIX
-   1024.  ਬ  䠩 ⥬ UNIX:

+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  # fsdb /dev/root
|  /dev/root(/): 1K byte Block File System
|  FSIZE = 28890, ISIZE = 7216
|  512
|  001000:      000705 (453)
|  <Return>
|  001002:      000000 (0)
|  <Return>
|  001004:      070332 (28890)
|

( <Return> ᯮ  室   祭 
㯥࡫   㣮.)  뢮 ᫥騥 稭:   (
쬥筮 ), ᠭ  ⮬  祭 (⠪ 
쬥筮 )     ( ᪮). -
  ⮬,   室  㦭  㯥࡫, 
᫥騬 ࠧ:     뢥  ࠭ 稭 (᫥
ண   <Return>)  - fsize -  ᮢ 
祭, 뢥  fsdb   ᪥ (FSIZE).  -
⨬,  fsdb 뤠 祭    1. ᫨  쬥
ࠧ 䠩 ⥬   df,    ஢ 
 ࠧ,  ᮮ頥  fsdb.   易   ⥬,
 df 뤠 ⢥  512- .  ᫨  㦭 -
 祭 FSIZE,  ࠧ, 뤠  df,  ᫥-
 ࠧ  .  ᫨   ᯮ짮   
divvy,  ८ࠧ뢠  ,  ⠪  divvy,    fsdb,
  1.
      祭 ISIZE  ⮨ .  祭, 뤠-
  fsdb, 㦭 ८ࠧ, ० 祬 ࠢ 
祭 ࢮ 稭  㯥࡫ (isize).
     祭 isize,  ᠭ   㯥࡫,   ᮬ
ࢮ ,  ᯮ ᫥ ,  뤥 
 ਯ஢ 䠩. ⮡ ᤥ 祭 isize 
ࠧ⥫,  fsdb ८ࠧ     ᫮  祭
 ਯ஢ 䠩 (ISIZE).  ᫮ 㦭 ८ࠧ-
 ⭮    ⥬  ISIZE  16 (᫮ -
ਯ஢   )  ᫮  2 (    䠩-
 ⥬,   ᯮ  㣨 楫:  砫-
  㧪    㯥࡫).   (isize)  ࠢ
, 뢥  ࠭  ⢥ ࢮ   㯥࡫-
.
.
                            - 4-24 -

     ⠭ ଠ 祭  fsize  isize

     ,    筮 ⮯ fsize  isize
 㯥࡫,    ᯮ짮 fsdb, ⮡ ३ -
।⢥  ᮮ⢥饬 , ன 㯥࡫  ᫮
 ᢮   祭.

     砭
     ० 祬 짮  fsdb, 㡥  ⮬, 
䠩 ⥬ ஢.

     ⮡ ३  ࢮ  㯥࡫,   
᮫⭮ ,  䨪஢  䠩 ⥬ (512
 䠩  ⥬  UNIX  1024  䠩 ⥬ XENIX).  
᫥饬 ਬ ஢ 䠩 ⥬ UNIX:

+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  512
|  001000:      000173 (123)
|

 㬮砭  fsdb 뢠 ,      -
 ᫮  (512),     뢮    쬥묨  ⠬
(001000). 祭,  ࠭饥   , ⠪ 뢮-
  쬥筮  ( ᪮     -
).
         ᫮,    <Return>,  ⮡
த  㯥࡫  ࠧ   ᫮.

+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  002000:      000173 (123)
|  <Return>
|  002002:      000000 (0)
|  <Return>
|  002004:      007461 (3889)
|

 䠩  ⥬  UNIX    ⨦ 祭 fsize 㦭
  <Return>,    䠩 ⥬  XENIX  -  ⮫쪮
 ࠧ. ( 易  ᯮᮡ ࠭ 祭  㯥࡫-
  䠩 ⥬ UNIX.)
.
                            - 4-25 -

     砭
     ᫨   砫쭮   ࠭  ᫥-
饥 ᮮ饭  訡:

         block out of range          (  )

  ,   祭 祭 fsize  ⮫쪮  ,
 ணࠬ fsdb 訫,     ᬮ த  -
࡫ ⠪ . ⮡ ⪫ ॣ 訡, 
 㪢 O.   ९⢥  .

              INTERRUPT (DEL)  
<CTL>d, ⮡ ४ 뢮 ᮢ  ࠭.
     ।,   室  ஬ 祭  㯥-
  ࠭ 뤠 祭 fsize, ࠢ 0 ( ଠ쭮-
 祭 3889):

+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  002000:      000173 (123)
|  <Return>
|  002002:      000000 (0)
|  <Return>
|  002004:      000000 (0)
|
       ᢮  祭 ,   -
   ,     ᢠ fsdb. (।
⥬,   - , 㡥,   ,
  ᮡࠥ ᤥ.  fsdb ࠧ  אַ  ,  
 sync.)   ࠢ⢠,    -  祭:

+--------------------------------------------------------------
|  002002:      000000 (0)
|  <Return>
|  002004:      000000 (0)
|  =3889
|  002004:      007461 (3889)
|  q
|
      fsdb 뤠 ⢥ত  襭  -
, 멤   fsdb.   ᭮  ஡ 믮
fsck.
                            - 4-26 -
     砭
     ।   isize      믮 ᫥
(  16  ਡ 2)  稭 ISIZE, 뤠 -
 fsdb   ६ ଠ쭮 ࠡ ⥬.   砥 fsize
ᯮ 祭 FSIZE,  뤠 fsdb  ଠ쭮 ࠡ
⥬,  - ᫥.
                             5
                  

                                                    5-1

      ⠪  ⥬?                            5-3
          楯樨  ⥬                        5-3

       ⥬                                5-7
          祭 ⨢ ஫  
           ਧ権                                      5-7
          ⨢ ࠢ ⥬
             sysadmsh                               5-9
          祭 ਧ権                        5-9
          ᯮ짮 ࠬ஢ ᥪ⭮,
           ஥  ਭ  㬮砭            5-11
          ࠢ ⥬ 㯮                     5-11

     ᯮ짮 ⥬ ஫                      5-14
           ⥬ ஫                    5-15
               堭 ஫                        5-15
               ࠩ ன⢠ ஫                  5-15
                ஫                               5-16
                 ஫ १ sysadmsh             5-17
          ⮤ ஫                              5-18
               ਧ樨 ஫                         5-18
               筨 ஫ ᥩ                5-18
               뢠  ஫                     5-20
                ᮡ⨩ ஫                        5-21
               䥪⨢ ⥬ ஫               5-23
               ⨢ ᯥ                     5-23
          楤 ஫                                5-26
               ⠭ 奬 ᡮ                  5-27
               祭/몫祭 ஫                5-32
               ஢ 䠩 ஫                5-32
               뢮 ᯨ᪠ ஫ ᥩ             5-33
               㡫஢ ஫ ᥩ             5-33
               ⠢ ஫ ⮢              5-34
          ⨥ ।樨                            5-36
               ଠ ᥩ  ⥬ 맮        5-36
               ஫  ਪ ணࠬ       5-41
          ஡  ⥬ ஫            5-44
               ࠭⢮  ᪥                        5-44
               ⠫ ᡮ ⥬                       5-45
.
               饭 ⥬                         5-45
          ନ ஫                             5-45

     ।⢠  䠩 ⥬                       5-48
          ⪠ ⮢ SUID/SGID  sticky-    5-48
          Sticky-  ⠫                             5-49
          ஬                                           5-51
          ஢                              5-51
                                                       5-51
           ⥬                                  5-52
          ஢                                  5-53
          ⠭  GID ⠫                       5-53

     ஢ઠ 楫⭮ ⥬                           5-54
          /etc/fsck                                         5-54
          ஫ ୠ                                5-54
          冷 ஢ப ᫥ ⠫쭮 ᡮ ⥬    5-55
          饭                              5-55
          ஢ઠ   ⥭䨪樨               5-57
          ஢ઠ 楫⭮ ⥬                      5-57

     饭  訡, 易  ᥪ⭮         5-59
          饭  訡 ॣ樨  ⥬        5-59
          ᫮ 訡 ஫                           5-60
          ஡ ਧ樨                              5-61

     㭪樮஢    ⥬            5-62

     祭     ஫             5-64

     襭 짮⥫ ஢ 䠩 ⥬  5-65

     ਧ ᯮ짮  ஢   5-66
           ਧ樨  ஢ ,
           ਭ⮩  㬮砭                            5-66
          襭/饭 ᯮ짮 cron
           ⤥묨 짮⥫ﬨ                        5-67
          ᬮ 짮⥫᪨ ࠧ襭  cron      5-68
          襭/饭 ᯮ짮 at/batch
           ⤥묨 짮⥫ﬨ                        5-68
          ᬮ 짮⥫᪨ ࠧ襭  at/batch  5-68
          ᯮ짮 䠩 ।   at/batch    5-69
.
                            - 5-1 -

     

      ୠ ⥬ 㦤    ᠭ-
஢ 㯠    ,  ᪠  ⥬ 䠩.
।⢠ ᯥ祭 ᭮,  騥   襩  ⥬,
।⠢ ᮡ  ७  । ᯥ祭 -
᭮ 樮 ⥬ UNIX.  樮 ⥬ ஥-
஢ ⠪  ࠧ,  ⮡ 㤮⢮ ॡ 
 C2, ᮣ᭮ " 業  
⥬" ⢠ ஭ (⠪ 뢠 "࠭ ").
        ,   짮 ।⢠ -
祭 ᭮  ঠ  ⥬.  ।-
⢠, 騥 筮 짮⥫,  ᠭ   "ᯮ-
   ⥬"   "㪮⢥ 짮⥫" (User's
Guide).
       ᮤন ᫥ ଠ:
     * 騩  ᭮ ⥬
     * ᠭ 饭 ⥬
     *   ⨢ ஫
     * ⨢ ࠢ ⥬   sysadmsh
     * ᯮ짮 ⥬ ஫
     *  䠩 ⥬
     * ஢ઠ 楫⭮ ⥬
     * ᮮ饭  訡
     * ࠡ   饭 ⥬
     * 祭     ஫
     *  짮⥫  ஢ 䠩 ⥬
     *  짮⥫  ஢ 

                            - 5-2 -

     砭
      䨧᪮ ᥪ⭮
     ।⢠ ᯥ祭  ᭮    樮 ⥬
 ᯮ,  ᫨ ⭠   ⥫  饭.
       ᠭ樮஢ 㯠 ᠬ -
, ਡ⨢ ᪥   ⥫  १ࢭ묨  -
.  ⮣ 㦭 ᮡ ᫥騥 ࠢ:
     1.  ⢨  ন ⥬ " ".
     2.     ⥫  १ࢭ묨 ﬨ.
.
                            - 5-3 -

        ?

     ᪮     ୮  ⥬,   ன
 ᢥ  ,   ⥬ 㯮ॡ ନ  ""
(trusted)  "᭠" (secure).     ,
   ᮬ  2.  "" ⥬  -
 ⥬,     ன ⨣  ஢ ஫
 㯮  ଠ樨, ᯥ稢騩 堭 ।-
 (  ࠩ  䨪஢) ᠭ樮஢ -
㯠.
     ।⢠ ᥪ⭮ 樮 ⥬  -
 ।,     ⨯,   "" ⥬
UNIX.   ७ ⥩   짮⥫᪮
 ⥬  ଠ樨,   ᯥ稢  ᮢ⨬ 
騬 堭 UNIX.   ࠡ -
 ⥬  砥 ᮯ஢   ⥬ ଠ-
樨,  ᠭ  饬 ࠧ.
      ⠭ ⥬,  ᫨ 祭 ஫, ⥬ -
䨣  ࠡ  "" ﭨ.  ⮬ ﭨ
⮫쪮 祭        ⥬
ଠ樨   .   ⮫쪮 ⥬ 室    -
 ० ࠡ,  ﭨ ⥬ ᫥ -
, ᫨  ७  ᯮ짮 ।⢠  -
. ᫨  㤥 ᫥ ਢ ४,  -
⥬ ଠ ⠭ 饭.
      ⠪    ᯮᮡ    ॡ 
㦤 襩 ᫨⥫쭮 ⠭.       ⠭
䨣 襩  ⥬ ⠪ ࠧ,  ⮡  ࠡ⠫ 
 ०,  ᮢ⨬  㣨 ⥬  UNIX.   
ᠭ  ࠧ "䨣   , ⠭-
  㬮砭". ⨬,  ᫨  訫  ॡ-
, ।騥  ﭨ ᢮ ⥬,    
⮢୮ ⠭  ஢ 2.
      ⢨        騬 
ᮯ஢  ⥬.   饭  ᥪ⭮ -
ﭨ ॢ ஭  ⥬.  ⮡ 䥪⨢ 
⨢ ࠡ,    ,  祬 ⮨ -
⥬ ⥣  ᥪ⭮,    ஫ ⥬
ଠ樥 ( )   ᨬ   
 ⢨ 짮⥫  .

     楯樨  ⥬

      ਢ ᭮ , 易   -
⥬.  ஬,    ᯥ譮  ࠡ  ⥬
 ᢮       ,   ࠭ ଠ,
易  ᥪ⭮.  騩 ࠧ     
 ⥬;  ᫥ ࠧ   ਢ ஡-
,  ⠪ 楤 ᮯ஢.
.
                            - 5-4 -

      

     ,  ஥ ⢨  ,  ᫨  
 ᫥   筨 - ॠ쭮 짮⥫.  
᭮ ⥬     짮⥫   ⢥⢥ 
᢮ ⢨,    ⢨  ᫥  짮-
, ⢥⢥  .  設⢥ ⥬ UNIX -
  뢠:  ⢨  ᫥ 
  짮⥫. ਬ, ᥢ-짮⥫᪨ -
, ⠪   lp  cron,  믮 ;    ⢨
 㦨   ⮫쪮     ⥬ ଠ樨.
 㤥 ᠭ ,  ⥬ UNIX 蠥 뢠-
    ᮯ⠢   ॠ쭮 짮-
⥫, ஫     ⢨    ᮯ⠢  
⢨ ⭮ 짮⥫  ⥬.
      ⨯筮  ⥬ UNIX     ॠ 
䥪⨢ 䨪 짮⥫,  ࠢ   ॠ 
䥪⨢ 䨪 㯯.   䥪⨢ -
䨪஬ 짮⥫  root  ⠭  䨪-
   짮⥫.  楯 䨪樨 짮-
⥫ ७ 祭 ⥫쭮 䨪,  -
 ॣ樮 䨪஬ 짮⥫ (LUID). 
 த ࠥ ⪨, ⠢塞   ,
易  짮⥫. LUID  짮⥫, -
⢥   .  LUID ,   
⠢,      . ୨  -
 த⥫᪨ LUID.

     樮 ࠢ 㯮

     ।⢠ 樮 ࠢ 㯮  -
,    짮⥫   ଠ樨, -
   .  ଠ 室  -
ண ꥪ (䠩,  ன⢠  ..),   짮⥫-
᪨  ⠥ ᯮ짮.  設⢥ ⥬ UNIX
 ꥪ  ⢫ १   짮-
⥫  㯯 ,   ஭,  ⠬ ० -
 (,  㯯, 稥),  㣮 ஭. ਡ -
   ꥪ⮢ 室  ᬮ७   ꥪ-
. ⮬   ਡ   ᤥ ࠭稢騬
(஫㥬 )   ࠧ騬 ( ).   
 ⥬  UNIX ⠭ ࠢ 樮 ࠢ-
 㯮 ७ ⠪,    ᯥ稢  
 ⥬ ଠ樨 (⥬  ),  ࠧ塞
ଠ樨 (६ ⠫)  室 䠩 ணࠬ SUID
(⠭ 䨪 짮⥫  믮)  - -
, ᮮ饭 .
      ⮣,     樮 ⥣ 㯠  UNIX
 堭,      ९⢮  祭
ணࠬ SUID  㯠   䠩 ⨢襣  짮⥫.
짮⥫  ᮧ ஬ (promain -  protected  domain,
.. 饭  ).   ஬    娥 ⠫
(ॢ).  짮⥫ ᪠ ணࠬ SUID,   
 ந    ᢮  䠩 ⮫쪮  ⮬ -
砥, ᫨  䠩 室  㯮⮬ ॢ.  ஬-
.
                            - 5-5 -

 ணࠬ  SUID    ⮫쪮  ⥬ 䠩,   
   ⨢ ணࠬ,    .  㦠
ࠬ ࠧ襭,   ஥   맢 ணࠬ SUID 
 ⠫.   堭 ஡ 뢠  ࠭
㪮⢠  promain(M)   "ࠢ筨 짮⥫" (User's
Reference).

     ਧ樨

     ਧ -  ࠢ    ஬ ꥪ  
 믮  -  ⥬  ⢨.   設⢥
⥬ UNIX  襭   㯠 ਭ   ᭮
 樮 ਥ,  室  ⮣,  
root 楬 ,  ⢫饣 . ୥ -
    믮 ⠪ ⥬ ⢨, -
   믮  㣮 . 樮 -
⥬ ।     ⨯  ਧ権:   ਧ樨    
ਧ樨 ⥬.  ਧ樨  易   ᠬ.
( -   ணࠬ,  믮  ⥬   -
.)  ࠧ  믮  ।  ⢨,
᫨    ॡ㥬묨 ਢﬨ.  ਧ樨 -
⥬ 易  짮⥫ﬨ.   짮⥫ -
 ᯥ樠 ⢨    ⥬ (-
 ⨫  ணࠬ). ⥬ -  吝  䠩,
ன   ,  㦠  믮 ன 㭪樨.
ਬ, ⥬ lp ⮨  䠩  窨 ,
 ன  ,  ᮯ஢ -
, ⠪  lpadmin(ADM).
     ਧ樨  ࠭  ਧ樮 , 
ᮯ⠢  .  ਧ樮    -  
ᯨ᮪ ਢ,   ࠧ蠥  ⨯ ⢨ 
稨 । ਢ  頥   ⢨. -
ਧ樨  ᬮ७ .

     ⠭ 筮  ⥭筮 (I&A)

      짮⥫  ॣ     ⥬
UNIX, 믮 ࠭祭 楤  ⠭  -
  ⥭筮. ⥬   짮⥫   -
 ஫ (/etc/passwd).  ᫨  짮⥫  ᪨,
⥬ ⠭ ⥭筮 짮⥫, ࠢ -
 ஫  ஢ ᨥ ஫, ᮤঠ饩  -
     ஫  짮⥫.  ।ᬮ७ 
ࠢ ⭮⥫쭮 ࠪ⨪ ஫     -
, ,   ࠪ⨪,  ࠢ 筮 
।࠭  ஭ १ .
      ⥬  ⠭ 堭 I&A.  
।ᬮ७  ࠢ,  ⨯ ᯮ㥬 -
.  楤 樨   ஫.   
⮯   堭     ⥩  
஫. , ,  ⥯  訬 -
ﬨ ஫  ⢨ﬨ 짮⥫.   ᯥ-
 ⮣ ᯥ ⥬ ᮧ ᯥ樠쭠 ஫ - -
 ⥭䨪樨 (ਧ ⥬  auth).   易
⮣  ஡ 뢠  ᫥ ࠧ.
.
                            - 5-6 -

     ஫ (audit)

      設⢥  ⥬ UNIX  ࠭祭 ॣ
⥬ ⢨   ᮮ⢥饩 ⭮ ⥬.
⭠ ⥬      襭 -
 짮⥫᪮ .   樮  ⥬
ᯥ稢 த⥫     ᥩ  ⢨ - ୠ
(trail).    ୠ     㯥,  -
⢫塞    ꥪ⮬   ꥪ⮬,     
ꥪ, ꥪ  ⥬ ࠪ⨪. ⥬ ஫
ࠢ ᯥ樠쭮 ஫,  뢠 ஬ -
஫ (ਧ ⥬ audit).   ஫ -
蠥, ᪮쪮    ଠ樨 ᫥   ᪮쪮 
 뢠,   ⠪ ᮯ஢ ଠ,     
ᮡ࠭. ⥬  ஫ ।⠢  -
஫   ⥬ ⢨.   -
 ஢,  ந諮  ⥬,    쨬
⨥.

     饭 ⥬

      ⥬ UNIX   堭  setuid  -  ⠭
䨪 짮⥫ (SUID)  -  setgid - ⠭ -
䨪 㯯 (SGID).     ⠢ ணࠬ-
, ᯥ稢騥  ଠ.   ⮩ ଠ樨 
  ࠧ襭 ⮫쪮 ,   祭    
ணࠬ. 樮  ⥬ । ᪮쪮 饭
⥬.   ⠪  ⥬  ⮨    ᮢ㯭
筮 ଠ樨  (䠩 /  ),   易 
 ன,  ⠪ ⨫  , ᯮ㥬  ᮯ-
 ⮩ ଠ樨. 饭 ⥬  -
 SUID/SGID   ᢮  䠩,     
ன  ࠭祭 㯠.  樮 ⥬ -
 ⨥ 饭 ⥬  ᪮쪨 ᯥ:
     *     ।    ࠭  짮⥫  
㯯, ᯥ稢  ।    ⥬  ᮢ
(筠 ଠ);
     *   ᯥ樠    짮⥫,  -
 ࠧ襭  믮 ணࠬ,  ᮯ஢騥  -
ଠ;
     *    ॡ, ⮡ 짮⥫ ॣ஢ 
⢥  ⥬;    ⮣  ᯮ
   ஢ન ਧ樨 ⥬. ⮣ -
  㤮⢮७  ॡ ⭮⥫쭮  -
  ⢨, 믮塞 ணࠬ ⥬.
.
                            - 5-7 -

       

        ࠧ 㦤 楯㠫쭠  ᮯ-
஢  ⥬. ࢮ ᭮ 襭, ஥ 
 ਭ, -  㤥  ᮯ஢.    -
 ᥬ饣  㯥-짮⥫,   ॣ஢  
root,    । ⨢ 易 
㣨 짮⥫ﬨ,  뤥  ஢ ⮫쪮  ⥩,
᪮쪮 室    ⨢ ࠢ -
 ᯥ⮬ ࠡ ⥬.

     祭 ⨢ ஫   ਧ権

       ⥬ UNIX ⨢  ᯠ
 ᪮쪮 ᪨ ஫.   ஫ ⢥⢥  ᮯ-
஢   ᯥ  ⥬.    ᯥ᪨ -
⨢ ஫ ( ᮮ⢥    易)
 न쭮   襬 ।⠢   -
 ⥬.  ᪠ ஫   祭 
 ⮬   짮⥫  ࠧ 童 ன -
⨢ 㯯.    ७ ஫ 易 ᯥ樠쭠
ਧ.  ,    ᫮ ⥬ ஢,
    ॣ ⨢-
 ⢨.    ।  ஡  -
 䨪  ࠭ 㣨 ஡.
      믮  ,  易  ⨢ ஫,
   ᮮ⢥ ਧ.  ਢ-
  ⠡  ⨢ ஫,  易-
   ਧ樨,   ⠪ ࠧ ⥬, ᮯ஢
 ஫.
.
                            - 5-8 -

                           5.1
         饭 ⥬  ⨢ ஫
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    | ਧ |      ⥬
                        |  ⥬ |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

           | auth        | ⥬ 
 ⥭䨪樨         |             |
 ਭ  | lp          | ⥬ ன⢠
                        |             |  筮 
 ନ*| terminal    | 襭  ନ-
                        |             |  쭮 ன⢠
 cron *    | cron        | ⥬ at  cron
  *  | mem         |    ⥬
 ஫  | audit       |   ஫ 
                        |             |  ஫ ୠ
                | backup      | ࢭ  䠩
                        |             |  ⥬
 ⥬   | su          |  su  
                        |             |  㯥-짮⥫
                        | sysadmin    | ᯮ짮 ணࠬ
                        |             |  integrity(ADM)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     *   ⢨⥫쭮   ஫  ᮢᥬ ⨢,
  .

      易⥫쭮  ,   易 砥 
ᥡ  ஫,     ⢨     ᥪ⭮
⥬.  ନ஢ 䨣樨  ࠡ ⥬  -
 室  ⢨⥫쭮 ଠ樨,  ࠭饩  襩
᫨⥫쭮 ⠭,   ᮧ  ⥯  ⢨ 
⥭樨  짮⥫,   ஧ (    )
஭ १     ࠢ쭮 ࠡ.   
⥫쭮  ४⭮ ᯮ짮 ⥬ ᬮ ࠭
     楫⭮.
      祭 ਧ樨 ⥬ 室  sysadmsh
ᤥ ᫥騩 롮:

     Accounts -> User -> Examine:Privilege

     砭
     , ⭮,  ⨫,    ਧ ⥬
뢠 筮 㯯  ⮩ ⥬.  -
砥,  ᫨ - 짮⥫    童  㯯
⥬,   ⥬  ᠬ      䠩 ⥬.
  ,     ॡ㥬 ਧ樨 ⥬.  
ᠬ     ᫥  짮⥫ 童 㯯
⥬, ⠪   ࣭  㠫  䠩  -
.   ࠧ襭  㯠  ⥬ ᯮ ᮮ⢥-
 ਧ ⥬.
.
                            - 5-9 -

     ⨢ ࠢ ⥬   sysadmsh

      ⥬  ᪨ ࠧ,    
⢨⥫묨 ﬨ 樨 ⥬.  ਬ, -
⥬      ⨢  ࠢ-
,   ᢠ  ਧ樨  mem ᯥ ஫ 
㯮  ࠬ  . 㣨 ⥬ 㦤 
樨,      ᮮ⢥ । 롮
 sysadmsh(ADM).  ⥬   祭 ⤥
;        㬥.   ⠡ 5.2
ਢ ᯨ᮪ ⨢ ࠢ塞 ⥬, ᮮ⢥-
騥   롮  sysadmsh  ࠧ  ,    
ᬠਢ.
                           5.2
                  ⥬  롮 sysadmsh
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    饭    |     롮     |       
    ⥬    |   sysadmsh    |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ன⢮ -| Printers      | "ᯮ짮 ਭ஢"
 筮       |               |
㡫஢      | Backups       | "㡫஢ 䠩 ⥬"
⥭䨪    | Accounts      | "⨢ ࠢ
                  |               |  짮⥫᪨ ⠬"
Cron              | Jobs          | "ਧ ᯮ짮
                  |               |   ஢ "
                  |               |  (  )
஫          | System->Audit | "ᯮ짮 ⥬
                  |               |  ஫" (  )

     ⥬ audit ᠭ      .   ஡
ᠭ ⥬   ᮤন     "ࠢ筨  짮⥫"
(User's Reference),  ࠭, ⭮饩  subsystem(M). 
ਢ ᯨ᮪  ணࠬ  䠩 ,  易  -
 ⥬. 設⢮ 㭪樮 ⥩, 筮
㯭 㯥-짮⥫   㣨,    ⥬
UNIX, । 饭 ⥬, 뢠   ࠧ-
.   㭪樨  ࠢ  믮 㯥-
짮⥫.    ⭮ ஢  ஢
䠩 ⥬, 宦   ॢ 䠩. 쪮 -
-짮⥫   .  짮⥫, 騥 -
ਧ樥 su,    su(C)   㯥-짮⥫.
 ࠭ ᫮ 짮⥫,     ஫
root,    ⢥⢥ 짮⥫   root.
(஡ .    "⨢ ࠢ 짮-
⥫᪨ ⠬"  饬 㪮⢥.)

     祭 ਧ権 

      樮  ⥬    ⨯ ਧ権:  
   ⥬.  짮⥫᪨  믮  
஬ ਧ権 ,  ஫ ᯥ樠 ࠢ
   ਢ஢ ⥬  ⢨.   
 5.3 ਢ ᯨ᮪ ਧ権 .
.
                            - 5-10 -

                           5.3
                        ਧ樨 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ਧ |                 ⢨
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

configaudit  | 䨪 ࠬ஢ ஫
writeaudit   | ᥭ ஫ ᥩ  ஫ ୠ
execsuid     | 믮 ணࠬ SUID
chmodsugid   |  ⠭  SUID  SGID  䠩
chown        |   ꥪ
suspendaudit | ਮ⠭ ஫ 
nopromain    |  짮⥫  ⠫ ஬

     設 짮⥫  ॡ   ⮫쪮   ਧ樨
nopromain  execsuid  믮 ⠭ .  (஬
ᯮ  ஢ 믮  ணࠬ,   
 ﭭ  . nopromain -   ०,  -
 ࠡ⠥ 짮⥫;   ६ ⬥    -
ન 믮 ணࠬ. ஡ . promain(M).) ⮡ -
 ணࠬ SUID,  짮⥫     ਧ
execsuid. (ணࠬ   ⠭ 䨪 짮⥫ -
  ஫ 䨪, ⫨筮  䨪-
 樠  ணࠬ.   ᤥ  ⮣, ⮡ -
    䠩    ⥬  ।⢠,     
⨢ 砥   뫨  㯭.)  ᫨ 짮⥫ 㦭
ᮧ 䠩  ⠬ SUID  SGID,     -
 chmodsugid.   ⮡ ᬥ  䠩 (⤠ 䠩),
㦭 ਧ chown.  ᫨  짮⥫  ⮩ ਧ-
樨,  䠩   ⮫쪮 root.

     砭
      ᮮ⢥⢨ NIST FIPS 151-1 室 ࠭祭  
chown.  ਧ  㦭 뤠 짮⥫,  ᫨ 
७ ᮡ ॡ NIST FIPS 151-1.

          ਧ権,  ஬ -
᫥  ਧ樨 .    믮 -
஥ ⢨,  ⮫쪮 ᫨ ᮮ⢥ ਧ  -
  .  ਬ,   ਧ樥 configaudit 
஢ ࠬ ⥬ ஫.    -
 ஬ ஫.  ᫥ 믮 
짮⥫᪨   -  ਧ権 audit. 
।祭   ᪫⥫쭮 ᯮ짮 ஬
஫.   祭  ਧ樨    㦭  ᤥ   
sysadmsh ᫥騩 롮:

     Account->User->Examine:Privileges

.
                            - 5-11 -

     짮⥫,    ᢮   ⨢  ஫,
  । ਧ樨 ,  ⮡ 믮 -
, ॡ㥬  ⥬.  ᫨  ᯮ ⥬
ਧ樨 , ਭ  㬮砭 ("C2"  "Relaxed"),
 ਤ   易⥫  ਧ樨  ஫;
ਧ樨 chown, execsuid  chown 㦥 祭.

                           5.4
       ॡ ⥬ ⭮⥫쭮 ਧ権 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     ⥬     |       ॡ㥬 ਧ樨 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     audit          |   configaudit, suspendaudit, execsuid
     auth           |   chown, execsuid
     backup         |   execsuid
     lp             |   chown
     cron           |   execsuid, chown, chmodsugid
     sysadmin       |   execsuid, chmodsugid, chown

     ᯮ짮 ࠬ஢ ᥪ⭮,  ஥  -
  㬮砭

      㬮砭 ࠬ ᥪ⭮ ⠭ ᮣ᭮
஢  2.   㯮 ,   -
㯭   ࠬ஢,   ਭ    㬮砭:   C2  
"Relaxed", ᮮ⢥騩  ࠪ ࠡ   -
⥬ UNIX.  ஬ ⮣,    ࠬ -   -
 짮⥫,    ᥩ ⥬.  ⥬-
 ࠬ஢ ᠭ  ࠧ "䨣    -
, ⠭   㬮砭"   "⨢ -
ࠢ 짮⥫᪨ ⠬".  ଠ   ࠬ
 ⤥ 짮⥫ ਢ  ࠧ "ࠢ -
⮬" ⮩  .

     ࠢ ⥬ 㯮

        ᯥ⮢ ࠡ   ⥬ 
 ⥭樠 ஡,  ⭮  ᥪ⭮. -
࠭⥫ 堭 ࠧ   ⥣ਨ,  
      ᯮᮡ   ॡ 
ᮯ஢ ⠬:
     *  ஫
     * ⨢ ନ
     * ⨢ 砫쭮 ॣ樨
        ⥩   祭    筮
। ⥭樠 ஡  ᥪ⭮.  楤 
믮  ⮢    ࠧ " ⮢
 ⨢"      "⨢ ࠢ 짮-
⥫᪨ ⠬".   ᫥ ࠧ , 
ॠ  ࠭祭.
.
                            - 5-12 -

      ஫

      ⢥       ࠭祭  ஫ 
ᯮ짮 㬥  "㪮⢮    ᯮ짮   ஫"
(Password Management  Guideline)   ⢠ ஭; ⮬
짮⥫ ࣠  쥧  ஢થ    ஫,
祬    ⥬ UNIX.  ⥭䨪樨
  ࠧ 짮⥫ ᠬ 롨  ᥡ  ஫,
 易 ⥬ ஢   ஫. ஫, 
 ࠭,   ࣭ 讬  
஢ப,       ⥭䨪樨.
      ஫   ஢ ⢨⥫쭮,  -
 ७   ॠ樨  ७ ஫  ⠭-
⭮ ⥬ UNIX.  ஫  ⢨⥫묨,   
⠭ ⨣  ப 祭 ⢨.  ப -
⢨ ஫  ⥪,  짮⥫ (᫨  ࠧ襭  -
) 砥  ਣ襭    ᢮  ஫.   ᫨
짮⥫  ࠧ襭  ᢮ ஫,  -
   ஫.
     ஫  expired,       
横.   ஫  뢠  ஢  짮⥫᪮
.   ஢  ⮫쪮   ⥭-
䨪樨, ᯮ 롮 Accounts  sysadmsh. ᫨ 짮-
  ࠧ襭  ஫, 㦭  .
       ୮ ᯮ짮 ஫ 
⥭䨪樨  ⠪ ⠭  ப 
 ஫,  ண 짮⥫   ࠢ  -
.    ࠬ   -   ᥩ ⥬  (
 ⥬  ࠬ஢,  ਭ  㬮砭),   
⤥ 짮⥫ (  饭 ஫).  -
⥬   ࠬ஢ ஫ ᠭ  ࠧ "-
 ࠭祭  ஫, ਭ  㬮砭"   "-
⨢ ࠢ 짮⥫᪨ ⠬" -
 㪮⢠,       ᠭ 楤  ஫
ਢ  ࠧ " ஫ 짮⥫   ࠬ-
஢ ஫" ⮩  .
       ஫    ᯮ짮    ।饭
஢ 짮⥫᪨  ⮢;   祭 -
⭠, ᫨  ⥬ .  ᫨  襩 -
⥬  ਭ  ⢨ ஢,  -
 ࠢ ⥭   ᮮ⢥饥  㢥祭  ࠬ
 横 ஫.

     ⨢ ନ

     ନ -    室   ⥬.   ᯮ짮
஫ ⮢,  ନ    ⮪ ஭-
  ⥬.   ᨬ쭮 ᫮ 㤠 -
⮪ ॣ樨,   筮 易  ⪠ 㣠 -
.
                            - 5-13 -

஫ .   ନ,       ॢ襭 ᨬ쭮
⨬ ᫮ ⮪,  ஢; ᭨ ஢-
   ⮢.  ஬ ⮣,    -
ࢠ ६,    ன  ⪠ ॣ-
樨,   ⠪        ⪨ 㣠 ஫.
( ࠭祭    ⮢,  ⫨ 
ନ.)   ⮬,     ஢ ࠭祭 
ନ, . ࠧ "ࠢ ॣ樥 ନ"  -
 "⨢   ࠢ  짮⥫᪨  ⠬"
饣 㪮⢠.

     ⨢ 砫쭮 ॣ樨

        砥 ନ,  짮⥫᪨ ⮢ 
ࠬ, 易    ᫮ ⮪ ॣ樨  ࢠ
 ୮ ⪨,   ⭮  ॣ樨  -
,    ନ.   ⮬,    ஢  -
࠭祭, .  ࠧ " ࠭祭    ॣ樨,
ਭ   㬮砭"      "⨢  ࠢ
짮⥫᪨ ⠬" 饣 㪮⢠.
.
                            - 5-14 -

       

     ⥬ ஫ ॣ ᮡ  ⥬, 易-
  ᥪ⭮,  뢠   ஫ ୠ,  
⥬  ᬮ.  ஫ ୠ, 뤠 -
⥬,  䨪஢ ஭  ⥬  ࠢ-
 ᯮ짮 ᮢ. ⥬ ஫ ஥஢ 
ᮮ⢥⢨  砬  ஫,   ।塞묨  樮
業஬   ஢ .
     ஫  ᬠਢ ᮡ࠭    -
祭 ࠧ殢 㯠  ꥪ⠬    ⢨ﬨ -
 짮⥫   ᮢ. ⪨ 襭  
堭 ਧ樨 ஫.  ⥬ ஫ 
᮪ ⥯ ࠭⨨ 㦥  ⮪    堭
ᯥ祭 ᭮. ᪮ ᮡ, 易  ᥪ-
, ஫          
⭮ 짮⥫,  ⥬ ஫ 㦨 ᤥন-
騬 ।⢮  짮⥫,  ࠢ쭮 ᯮ-
 ⥬.
     ⥬ ஫ ᯮ ⥬ 맮    ⨫
 䨪樨 ⢨ 짮⥫, ࠧ   ⨯
ᮡ⨩.   ᯮ짮  롮筮 樨    -
樨 ஫.    ⨯ ᮡ⨩, ⪠ 樮-
 㯠 (DAC), ॣ ⪨ ⠪ ᯮ짮 -
⮢, ஥     ᪠ ࠧ襭ﬨ  ⮣ ꥪ.
ਬ, ᫨  짮⥫᪨  ⠥    䠩
"⮫쪮  ⥭",  ॣ ᮡ⨥ ⪠ DAC, -
饥,    ⠫ ந   䠩,    
  뫮 ࠢ. ᫨ ᬮ ஫ ୠ,  -
 㤥  騥 ⪨ 㯠  䠩,  -
  뤠 ࠧ襭.
      䥪⨢  ஫  ⢥  
 짮⥫,  믮 ⢨, 騥 ஫.
 짮⥫    ⥬,     ன
 䨪樨  ⥭䨪樨, ० 祬  㤥 -
⠢   ⥬. 堭 ᥪ⭮ ᭠ 
, ᮧ 짮⥫, ﭭ ஬ -
筮 - ॣ樮 䨪஬ 짮⥫  (LUID).
 䨪  ࠭     室  
짮⥫᪮   㣮   ⠪ ,  
su(C).  ஫쭠 ,  㥬 ⥬, -
ন LUID    䥪⨢    ॠ  䨪ࠬ
짮⥫  㯯  .   ⮣ 뢠 -
 ண  ⢨ 짮⥫.
     ⥬ ஫  ࠢ  ஬ ஫.
 ஬ ஫,      ஫
 ᮡﬨ, ࠭묨  樨 ஫ ᥩ, 
祭ﬨ ࠬ஢ ⥬ ஫   ᫥饩  -
樥    ஫.
.
                            - 5-15 -

      ⥬ ஫

     ⥬ ஫ ⮨    ⮢:
     * 堭 ஫ 
     * ࠩ ன⢠ ஫ (/dev/audit)
     *  㯫⭥  ஫ - auditd(ADM)
     * 䥩 ஫ sysadmsh
      ᪮쪮    ⥬ ⨫,  ,
  ᠬ      ᮡ⢥    ⥬
஫, ⢥   ᥭ ஫ ᥩ  ஫-
 ୠ (ਬ, login(M)).

     堭 ஫ 

     堭 ஫    業ࠫ    ⥬
஫.  堭  ஫ , 室 
⨢ 짮⥫᪨ ᮢ,   ⥬ 맮-
 .   ⥬ 맮  ᮤন ப  ⠡
⥬,  㪠,  易   맮  ᠬ  ᥪ-
⭮,  ᫨  ⠪,   ⨯ ᮡ  ᮮ⢥-
. ஬ ⮣,  ᯮ ⠡  訡,  
஢ ⥬ 맮   ᮡ, 易-
  ᥪ⭮. 堭 ஫  뤠 ७ -
  ࠩ ன⢠  ᥭ   ஫ -
.
     ਬ, ⥬ 맮 open(S)    -
⨥  ꥪ 㯭.  ᫨ 짮⥫ blf 믮
open(S)  /unix    ᯥ譮,  ஫쭠
  ⮬ ᮡ⨨.  ᫨ ⥬ 맮 稢-
 㤠筮 - ⮣,  blf ᨫ  open(S)   -
,     ࠧ襭      䠩,   ⢨
  ᮡ⨥ ⪠  樮  㯠  
blf  ꥪ /unix.  ⥫쭮, ⥬ 맮  ⮡-
ࠧ  ᪮쪮 ⨯ ᮡ⨩,   ᨬ  ꥪ,   
஬ ⢫ , / १ 맮. ⮬
  롮筮 ஫ ⥬ 맮,  
ᨬ  ⨯ ᮡ⨩,   ᤥ 㯭묨.
      ⥬ 맮  ⭮  ᥪ⭮. -
ਬ, getpid(S) 砥 䨪    ।
ᮡ⨥, 易  ᥪ⭮.  ࠧ,  ⥬
맮   ஫.

     ࠩ ன⢠ ஫

     ࠩ ன⢠ ஫  믮  ᫥騥  㭪樨:
ਥ ஫ ᥩ  堭 ஫    -
 ⨫; ᮧ   ஬ 䠩  ஫쭮
ୠ; ।⠢  ஫쭮 ୠ  -
஫  㯫⭥; ᯥ祭 롮筮 樨  ஫-
 ᥩ  ᭮ ⨯ ᮡ⨩, 䨪஢ 짮-
  䨪஢ 㯯.
.
                            - 5-16 -

     ࠩ ன⢠   ᯥ稢    䥩    open(S),
close(S), read(S),  write(S)  ioctl(S),   稥 ᨬ
ன⢠.  ன⢮ ஫    ⮫쪮
ᠬ, 騬  ਧﬨ    configaudit  /
writeaudit.  ࠭稢   ன ஫,  ࠧ-
  ⮫쪮   ⨫, ⠪  䥩 -
 ஫   ஫.  ன⢮ ஫ -
  ᪮쪮 ᮢ ६.  ன⢮ -
 ꥤ ᥩ    ஫  ୠ.     
ன⢠  ⮫쪮   -  ஫.
     ࠩ ன⢠ ஫  ஫ ୠ  
 䠩 ᡮ  ஫.   ࠧ,   -
砥 ஫, 稭   ஫.   ᪥
⥬ ᮧ 䠩 ᡮ ,     -
஫ .   䠩 ᡮ  ⨣ ।
ࠧ, ⠭  ஬, ⥬ ᮧ -
 䠩  ᡮ    稭   .  ⮬ -
஫ ୠ  ᬠਢ  ﭭ 㢥稢騩
᫥⥫ 䠩,    ᫨ ᯮ ᪮쪮 䠩
ᡮ .    ⠪  ஫ ୠ ᬠ-
  ஫, ⮬   ⠥  ன⢠  -
砥   ஫쭮 ୠ.  ⨦  䠩-
 ᡮ   ⥬ 믮 ᮮ⢥饥 ४-
   䠩 ᡮ .   ஧筮  .

      ஫

      ஫ auditd(ADM) -   ⨫, 믮-
  䮭 -  祭  ஫.   
 - ⢥,   ⠥  ன⢠ ஫, ஥
 ᢮ । ।⠢   ᥩ  䠩 ᡮ
 ஫.   ࠧ筮,     ஫  ୠ
᫠  ⢮ 䠩 ᡮ . ࠩ ன-
⢠ ஫ 㤮⢮   ⥭, 㯠騥  -
,  ࠡ뢠 ४祭  㤠 䠩 ᡮ 
  .
      ।祭  ⮨  ।⠢  -
堭 㯫⭥   ॣ樨  ᨨ ஫. -
 ⠪ 믮 㭪 প 饭 ⥬, -
     ⥬ ஫ .   ᨬ
 ࠭   ନ஢ ஫ ᥩ,  
⥬      ᣥ஢  ஬  ⢮ 
஫.  ⨯筮 砥 짮⥫᪮ ⥬ -
 200 ⮢  ஫    㤥 룫拉 -
筮. ⮬  ।⠢ 堭 㯫⭥  ᦠ-
  ஫  㯠 ଠ ,   -
  䠩 㯫⭥ ஫.
     ன 㭪樥      ᯥ祭  ୠ쭮
䠩, 뢠饣 ⥪  ஫. ୠ 䠩 -
ন ଠ  ⢥ ஫ ᥩ,  㯭 
㯫⭥ 䠩 뢮  ᨨ;  ६  ᪠    ⠭
ᨨ;  ⠪ 㣨  ﭨ ᨨ ஫. 
⮫쪮 ࠩ  ன⢠ ஫ ४砥 䠩 ᡮ -
.
                            - 5-17 -

  ⨦  ࠧ஢,  ⠭ ஬,
  ᮧ ᪮쪮 㯫⭥ 䠩,  ⮡   -
 㢥祭  䠩  ࠧ஢,  㯭 ࠢ-
.   ⠪  ஫. ஬ ⮣, 㯫⭥ 䠩-
, ᠭ ,  ࠧ   ⠫, -
 ஬.   ⨬ 稭    ୠ
䠩 - ⮡  ୠ  㯫⭥묨 䠩,   
ᯮ짮  ᫥饩 ।樨 .
      㭪    ஫ - 믮 ஫ ணࠬ
䥩  ࠩ஬ ன⢠ ஫   ᥭ  -
஫ ᥩ  饭 ⥬,    ਧ樨
writeaudit.    ⥬   ⢫  
।⢥  ࠩ ன⢠ ஫,   ࠧ-
 䥩    ᮡ ᥪ⭮,   -
 ᥭ ஫쭮  ਪ ணࠬ  -
⥬.

       ஫ १ sysadmsh

     sysadmsh ।⠢     ⠭ 
ᮯ஢ ⥬ ஫.    
믮 ⠭    樠,  ஢ ࠬ
⥬, ᮯ஢  ⥬  (१ࢭ   㡫஢,
⠭  ..)  믮 ।  , ⠪  -
  ஫.

     ।⢮ ।樨/ 

     sysadmsh ⠪ 砥    ᥡ  ⨫  ।樨/
,  砥 ᫥ ஫ ୠ -
 ᨩ ஫  ⥪饩 ᨨ ஫.   ᯮ
ୠ 䠩,   ᮧ  ஫,  ⨫ ।樨
 ஢  㯫⭥ 䠩,  㦭  ।-
樨 ᨨ ஫.   㯫⭥ 䠩  ᦠ -
, ணࠬ ।樨 ᮤন ணࠬ,  室  
ࠧ뢠 䠩.
      ᯥ祭 䥪⨢   ஫ ⨫-
 ।樨       롮筮 ।樨 
। ⨯ ᮡ⨩, 䨪 짮⥫, -
䨪 㯯    ꥪ⮢.   ⮣,    
ࢠ ६,   祭 ண  ந 
ᥩ, 㤮⢮  ࠭  .  ᫨ -
     ࢠ,   뢠   
।樨.
     ਬ,   믮 । ,  롨 -
⨥ ⪠ DAC  짮⥫  䨪஬ blf, -
  ꥪ /unix.   ᯥ⠭ ⮫쪮  , -
 ࠦ ⪨ 㯠 blf  /unix,   ⢥࣭  
⢨ 㦭  ࠧ襭.   ࠧ  堭 
䨪樨 ᮡ⨩ ᥪ⭮, ।⠢ 㠫 -
,   ᥣ ஫쭮 ୠ.
.
                            - 5-18 -

     ⮤ ஫

       ࠧ 뢠,   㭪樮 ⥬
஫,  ਨ ᯮ  ᡮ ,     
ॡ ஫   ந⥫쭮 ⥬.

     ਧ樨 ஫

      ⥬    ஫    易        ਧ樨:
configaudit, writeaudit  suspendaudit.
     ਧ configaudit    ⠭ ࠬ
஫   짮⥫ ⥬.
     ਧ writeaudit  ॣ஢ ᯥ-
 ଠ  ஫쭮 ୠ.
     ਧ suspendaudit ⪫砥 直 ஫.

     筨 ஫ ᥩ

     ஫ ୠ  ᮤন ᮤন ଠ  ᮡ
 ⥬,  易  ᥪ⭮. 䥪⨢ ஫ 墠-
뢠   ⮫쪮     ⥬ 맮,  㯠騥 
짮⥫᪨ ᮢ,    । ᮡ,   ⠪,
 室  ⥬,  室  ⥬, 㤠 ⪨ ॣ-
樨.  ᮡ   । ⮣,    믮
  ⥬,    ६,   ନ, 
  ⢨ 뫨 믮.  㤠 ⪨ ॣ-
樨   ஫஢   ஢ ,  ᪮ 
⭮,  ⭮  ਪ ணࠬ.  -
ࠧ, ᫥    ஢ ஫ 
  ⨫⠬,   ᥪ⭮, ਬ login.
     ஫      筨 (-
  ᫥ ࠧ):
     * 堭 ஫ 
     *  ਪ 
     * ਧ ⥬

     堭 ஫ 

     ⥫쭠  ஫ ᥩ,  ࠭  -
஫쭮 ୠ,   堭 ஫  .   
ࠧ ⥬  ஫    ⢥  ⥬-
 맮 짮⥫᪨ ᮢ, ⮡ࠦ    ᮡ,
易  ᥪ⭮.   ⥬ 맮,  ਬ
open(S), ⮡ࠦ  ᪮쪮 ᮡ⨩ ᥪ⭮,  -
   㬥⮢  짮⥫     ﭨ 뢠
䠩. ᫨ open(S) 뢠  䫠 O_CREAT, 䠩 ᮧ,
᫨     ⢮.  ᫨  䫠 O_TRUNC,  믮
.
                            - 5-19 -

祭 䠩  㫥 , ᫨  .  -
,   맮 open(S)   ⮡ࠧ     ࠧ-
 ᮡ⨩:   ꥪ 㯭,   ꥪ 
䨪 ꥪ.
      ஫  । ᮡ  ⠪  訡.
訡  믮 ⥬ 맮, 㪠뢠騥,  
 ࠧ襭 ⢥࣭,  ࠢ   ஡ ॡ -
ᮢ, ⮡ࠦ   ⨯ ᮡ⨩. 堭 -
    ⥬ 맮 ।,    -
⨩ ਭ 맮,      ஫ ⮣ ᮡ.
 ⮣,  堭  ⠪ ਬ ⥫
ਨ 롮,  ਬ, 䨪 짮⥫  -
䨪 㯯.  ࠧ  ࠭  -
஫ ᥩ,    ⮫쪮  ࠭ 㯯 짮-
⥫.

      ਪ ணࠬ

      ᫨⥫쭠  (TCB)  ᮤন ᪮쪮  -
 ਪ ணࠬ, 室  ᯥ祭 -
 ।.  ।  - login, su  ࠧ  ⥬
஫.   ᮪饭  ꥬ  ஫,  ᠭ 
஫ ୠ,   襭 稬 ଠ樨  -
 ⨬   ਪ ணࠬ ࠧ襭  אַ
 ன⢮ ஫.  ᠬ, ਬ, login ᬮ -
 ஫    ॣ樨  ⥬ אַ  ஫-
 ୠ,   ⮣,  ⮡ ।⠢  ॣ  
   ⥬  맮,   ॡ㥬  襭 ⮩
楤.
      筮     ਪ ண-
ࠬ   ன⢮ ஫.   堭 ஫ 
  ⠪ ।ᬮ७ ᯮᮡ  樨 -
஫ ᥩ  ⥬ 맮,  ⮡  ஬-
 ஫쭮  ୠ.     ⮣    ਧ
suspendaudit,  ன 㦥 諠 .   ਪ ண-
ࠬ 믮  ⮩ ਧ樥,    ਮ⠭-
 ஫ ⥬ 맮      ࠧ-
  뢠 ன⢮ ஫    . 쪮
᪮쪨  ਪ ணࠬ ࠧ襭   .
 짮⥫᪨     믮  -
ਧ樥 suspendaudit.  堭 ਧ樨 ࠢ  login,
ᯮ ࠭祭 ⥬ 맮;  堭 ᯮ-
    饭 ஫.

     ਧ ⥬

     ⨩ ᯮᮡ 樨 ஫ ᥩ ᯮ  -
ਧ ⥬,  ⠪,   lp,  cron, terminal  mem.
 ⥬ ⠫     ஡,   
 ⥫쭮  ⠢  ଠ⨢ ஫ .
 ⥬   ਧ樨 writeaudit    -
 ஫  ।⢥  ⥬.
.
                            - 5-20 -

      ⮣ ⥬  ନ  ,     
ਪ ணࠬ,  ।⠢    ஫
१ 饭 䥩.   ஫, 騩 
ਪ ணࠬ,  뢠 ஫   ன-
⢮ ஫.   ᠬ 饭 ⥬ -
஢ ᫥  ଠ⨢ ஫ ,   -
 ਧ樨 writeaudit.

     뢠  ஫

     ⥬ ஫ ᫥ ⥬ ᮡ,  易-
  ᥪ⭮,   ᮯ⠢   묨 짮-
ﬨ. 짮⥫ 室  ⥬ १ ணࠬ login.   
ணࠬ 믮  ⥭䨪 짮⥫,  ⮡ ।-
, ࠧ襭   .  楤 ॣ樨    ⥬
ᮢ襭⢮ ⠪ ࠧ,  ⮡  ஫஢
 ᯥ,   㤠 ⪨ ॣ樨.   ॣ
짮⥫ 室  ᯥ譮,   login ⠢  짮-
⥫᪮   ﭭ  䨪  -  ॣ樮
䨪 짮⥫ (LUID). ᨬ  ⢠ -
⥬ 맮 setuid(S)   setgid(S), ᤥ ⨬ ᮬ,
LUID  .      짮⥫ ᯥ稢-
 ண 뢠.  짮⥫᪨    -
-० 믮 ⥬ 맮 setuid(S)  setgid(S), -
 ⠪ ஫.  ஫  㪠뢠 LUID
    䥪⨢  ॠ 䨪ࠬ -
⥫  㯯  ⮣ .
      ⮣,  ⮡ ᯥ 稥 ᥩ ॡ㥬 ଠ-
樨  짮⥫᪮     뢮  ஫,   堭
஫  ᥣ ᫥ । ⥬ 맮 -
⠪ 뢠 易⥫ ⥬ 맮.     ⢥
 ᮯ஢ ﭨ .  ਬ, ⥬ 맮
open(S)     ⭮⥫쭮    ,   ⠪,    
../newfile.      䠩   ⥪饣 -
 ,    ⠭    ⥬  맮
chdir(S).  ஫, ᮤঠ   ../newfile, -
 ࣭ ᫥ ।樨,    ࠭    
⥪饣 ⠫.
       ஡ 易   ⥬  맮  close(S).
 ⥬  맮      ࠭ 뢠襣 䠩
ॡ  ⢥ 㬥 ⮫쪮 ਯ 䠩.  ஫-
  close(S)   , ᫨    뢮 
뢠 ꥪ.  ᫨    뫮   -
⨨ 䠩,   ।⠢  .
      ⨬ 稭    ⥬  맮  
易⥫묨   ᫥   ᮢ  祭
஫. ᮪ 易⥫ ⥬ 맮 ⭮⥫쭮 -
;   祭 ⮫쪮  맮,  易⥫ 
⭮ ᮯ஢   ﭨ    :     chdir(S),
chroot(S), open(S),   close(S),   fork(S),   exit(S),   exec(S),
setuid(S), setgid(S), dup(S)  fcntl(S).
.
                            - 5-21 -

     易⥫ ஫  ࠭稢 ⮫쪮 ⮩ 㯯
⥬ 맮.   ⨥  ॣ樨   ⢥
易⥫쭮 ஫쭮     ਪ  ண-
ࠬ.  짮⥫ ॣ  ⥬,  ॣ-
    ନ,   ஬ 뫠 -
 ॣ. ᫨     짮⥫ ॣ-
  ᪮쪨 ନ  ⥬,    ⢨  
᫥   ⭮ ନ.

      ᮡ⨩ ஫

      ஫쭠 ,  ᨬ  ⮣, 祬 맢
 ,  ᮯ஢ ⬥⪮  ⨯ ᮡ.   -
⥬ 맮  짮⥫᪮  ⨯ ᮡ ।-
 堭 ஫ , 室  ᠬ ⥬ 맮-
     १,   㦥 ਫ .   ஫
ਪ ணࠬ  ⥬  ⨯  ᮡ  ⠭
, ନ騩 ஫ .  ⨯ ᮡ  -
  ன⢮ ஫,   ஫.
      ᮡ⨩   祭, ⠪   -
 ᮡ  ⥬,  易  ᥪ⭮.  樥,
 ।樥 ஫ ᥩ  ࠢ,  ᭮뢠 
⨯ ᮡ⨩.  ਬ, ᫨   ⮫쪮 짮-
⥫ﬨ, 室騬    ⥬  室騬  ,   
 ⨯ ᮡ  ᡮ  ।樨 .  ,   
᫨   訢  롮 ᡮ ᮡ⨩,   ଠ 
ᮡ  ⨯,   ᪫稫,    ஫-
 ୠ , ࠧ㬥,   ᫥饩 ।樨.
      ⥬ ஫  ப  ⨯  ᮡ-
⨩,   ࠢᨥ  ࠭樥  ᮮ⢥騬
ᠬ ᥪ⭮. ন ᫥騥 ⨯ ᮡ⨩:
     *   ⠭ ⥬
     * 室  ⥬  室  
     *   ४饭 
     * ⮡ࠦ ꥪ⮢ (ਬ,  䠩)  ꥪ (-
ਬ, )
     *  ꥪ 㯭
     *  ꥪ 㯭
     *  ꥪ
     * 䨪 ꥪ
     *  ꥪ
     *   ᠬ
     *  樮 㯠
     * ⪠ 樮 㯠
     * 筠 ਧ
     * ⪠ 
     * ⢨  ⥬/
     * ⢨ ਧ ⥬
.
                            - 5-22 -

     * ⢨ ᥪ⭮  
     *  ⥬ ஫

      , ᯮ  ⨯ ᮡ⨩, 믮 롮
ᡮ   ।  ஫.  䥩 ⥬ ஫
 ⠢ ᯨ᮪ ⨯ ᮡ⨩      ⥬
஫,   ணࠬ ।樨 .
     ⥬ ஫ ᯮ ⨯ ᮡ⨩  ⮣, ⮡
।, 㦭     ஫   ஫
ୠ.  ஬ ஫,   ࠢ
⡮஬ ᮡ⨩  ஫.
      ࠢ ஫ ⨯ ᮡ⨩  ⥬ -
  쭠 ⥬ ᪠ ᮡ⨩ ஫,  
ᠭ . ⥬ ஫ ⠪ ᯥ稢  ⨯
ᮡ⨩     ⥬ (⠪ ᠭ ). 
 ᪨  ⮢묨 ।⠢ﬨ 楫᫥ -
 ⨯ ᮡ⨩,  ஫.

     ⥬ ᪠ ᮡ⨩ ஫

     ⥬ ᪠  ᮡ⨩  쭮  ⥬
஫.    ⠭   sysadmsh     
 ஫,   ᫨  室  㣮
 ᮡ⨩.   ⥬ ᪥ ᮡ⨩   ⨯  ᮡ
ᮮ⢥  ;  ⠭ ࠢ ,  ᫨
஫ 㦥.     ஢ (  -
 権),   ஫ ⮫쪮  ᮧ .
⥬ ஫ ᯮ ⥬  ᮡ⨩    -
᫥ 짮⥫᪨ ᮪,   ॣ樨  ⥬
ᮧ  .

     짮⥫᪠ ᪠ ᮡ⨩  ᪠ ᮡ⨩ 

       ⬥ ⢨ ⥬ ᪨ ᮡ⨩ 
 짮⥫,  ⠭ 짮⥫  ᮡ⨩ 
짮⥫᪮ ப 饭 ஫.       
⥬  ᪮ ᮡ⨩ ,   -
,  㦭 ஫஢   .  ॣ-
樨 짮⥫  ணࠬ  login   짮⥫
 ᮡ⨩  ⠭  ᮡ⨩   -
  ॣ樨 ᫥騬 ࠧ.
      짮⥫᪮ ᪥ ᮡ⨩    ⨯  ᮡ
஫ ।ᬮ७    祭:
     * ᥣ ஫஢  ᮡ⨥
     *   ஫஢  ᮡ⨥
     * ᯮ짮 ⥬  ᮡ⨩ ஫
        ⨯  ᮡ ஫ ᪠ ஫ 
⠭  짮⥫᪮ ᪥,  ᫨    㪠,
  ᮡ⨥ ஫ ᥣ  .   ⨢-
.
                            - 5-23 -

 砥 ᪠ ஫  ⠭   ⥬
᪥ ᮡ⨩ ஫.  設⢥ 砥  짮⥫᪮
᪥ ᮡ⨩ 㤥 ⠭  祭   ᮡ⨩
஫,   १ 祣  ⮣ 짮⥫  ਬ-
 ⥬ ࠬ, ਭ  㬮砭. 짮⥫-
     ᯮ짮  ⮣,  ⮡ 㢥稢 
㬥 ஫㥬 ꥬ ଠ樨  짮⥫, -
  ᮮ⢥⢥      ࠢ 
⠫묨.

     䥪⨢ ⥬ ஫

      ᯮ짮 ⥬ ஫ 㦭 ᫥ -
 ࠢ.  ⥬ ஥஢ ⠪, ⮡ ᯥ
 ந⥫쭮       ᮡ-
   ஫,   .  ஫쭮
 ন  ।⥫  롮  ᮡ⨩ ஫,
䨪஢ 짮⥫  䨪஢ 㯯. ।-
⥫쭠 롮ઠ 㦭, ᫨   - 稭  ᪮-
業஢  - ⭮ 짮⥫   㯯
짮⥫ ( ⤥ 짮⥫  砩 -
   䠩,      ࠧ襭 ).   
।⥫쭮 롮ન   ⠪ ᯮ짮 ⨯ ᮡ⨩ -
ਬ, ஫ ⮫쪮 ᮡ⨩ 室  ⥬    室  
. ।⥫쭠 롮ઠ,  ஬ ⮣,    -
࠭⢠  ᪥, ⠪  㬥蠥 ᫮ ஫ ᥩ,
ᨬ ⥬ ஫  䠩 ᡮ .      -
짮 ।⥫쭮  롮ન   ⥫쭠 -
. ᫨  ந諮 襭 ᥪ⭮ ⥬,   ᮡ⨥
 ᮢ訢訩  짮⥫   ࠭  ஫,  
  ⮬ ⢨ 㤥 ﭠ.
     ⮬ ᫥     ࢠ⨢묨  -    
।⥫ 롮  ᮡ⨩ ஫  짮⥫/㯯,
  ⮣ ⢫  ஫.   ⮣  -
襤襥 ᮡ⨥,  易  ᥪ⭮, 㤥 䨪஢
 ஫쭮 ୠ.  ⪨  ஫:  
   ᪥  㢥稢  室  ⥬.
       ஢   ஫    -롮મ,
 ⮫쪮 , ।⠢騥 . -롮ઠ -
稢 롮  ஫쭮 ୠ  ᭮  ⨯
ᮡ⨩, 䨪஢ 짮⥫,  䨪஢ 㯯 
 ꥪ⮢,   ⠪  樨 .   饬, -
⥬ ஫   ⠭  ⨫⮩ ।樨/ 
    ।⥫쭮 롮ન     롮
 ⥬   ந⥫쭮   ꥬ ࠭⢠ 
᪥,  ⠪ 㤮⢮  ஫  ⠭   --
મ.

     ⨢ ᯥ

     ⨢ ࠢ   ⥬  ஫  㦨
箬  䥪⨢ ஫.  ᫨ ⥫쭮 ⠭  -
⭮ 짮  ⥬  ஫,     㤥 
।⢮   ঠ ᥪ⭮ ⥬  䨪樨
 ஡.     ⥬ ஥஢  쭮
襭   ନ 墠 ᮡ⨩  ஫  -    
஭ ⢨ ,  ⠪   ஭ ᯮ짮 ⥬
⨫.  ஥஢ ⠪   ᯥ祭    
 樨 ﭨ  ந⥫쭮 ⥬  楫.
.
                            - 5-24 -

     ᪮쪮  ⥬ 㤮⢮ 訬 楫,  -
  ࠢ쭮 ⨢ ࠢ ⥬.   
ࠢ ᮣᮢ     ந⥫쭮,  -
 ࠬ ஫. ࠢ쭠 ⠭  ਢ-
     ந⥫쭮,    ஫  
ᥬ ࠧ.  ਬ,  饥 祭  ⠭ ᪨
ᮡ⨩ ஫  ࠢ ⨯ ᮡ⨩,  ஫㥬묨
⥬. ,  ᫨ ।⥫쭠 롮ઠ ᮡ⨩  -
砥 ᮡ ॣ樨,   ஭  ⥬ १ -
㥬  裡      祭.   ⮬
祭  ⥫쭮 ᬮ ᫥騥  ᯥ:
     * , 易  ந⥫쭮
     * , 易  
     * ॡ  ஫쭮 ୠ

     , 易  ந⥫쭮

      業 ﭨ ⥬  ஫    ந⥫-
 ⥬   த㬠,   ⢨  믮
⥬. ࠩ ன⢠ ⥬ ஫ -  
 ᡮ  ஫  ᥩ  ᥢ 筨; 
⢥砥  ᥭ  ᥩ  ஫ ୠ.  ࠩ
믮   䠩 ᡮ  ,   ᮢ⭮  ᯮ㥬
ᥬ ᠬ, ஫㥬묨  ⥬.   -
⥬ १ࢨ஢   ᠬ,  ⢮ મ -
     饩  .    ।ᬮ७
堭 ஢,  ⮡   ᬥ訢 ஫
ᥩ  ᯥ ᮢ⨬  .   ᠥ 
䠩 ᡮ  ⥬ ஫.
     堭 ७ ਧ樨  ⥣   (write-
behind)   ஢ ⢨ ⭮ -
६   䠩 ᡮ .    ⥬
㦨 ஫     ᮢ  ਪ ண-
ࠬ   ६,   ࠫ쭮    䠩 ᡮ -
.   ந  堭, 뢠,  ⥭ᨢ
ᯮ ਧ         䠩  ᡮ
.

     , 易  

      ,    ந⥫쭮 ⥬,  
뤠 ஫쭮 ୠ.   ࠤ樮 ⥬  UNIX
  ࠭ 楫⭮ 䠩 ⥬  १-
 ⠫쭮 ᡮ ⥬.   맢 ⥬ 䠪⮬,  -
-뢮 믮      㫠  ஢,     
( ࠧ)   ᨭ஭. , , ᥭ
 䠩,     ᠬ     ᠭ묨  
 ⠫쭮 ᡮ ⥬.
      ⭮,  ⠪  ᮡ, ਢ騥  ⠫쭮 ᡮ
⥬, ।⠢   訩   窨  ७
஫. 祭  ⥫   ஢     뫮
⥭樠    ⥬ ஫   १
.
                            - 5-25 -

⠫쭮 ᡮ ⥬.  ⮣ ⥬ ஫ ᯮ-
 堭,  뢠 ᨭ஭ -뢮,   -
   ஢ ᡮ   ஫  
 ਯ஢  䠩 ᡮ ,   ந室 
.  ᢮          -
 ⠫쭮 ᡮ ⥬.
      ﬠ    ⥯   
ந⥫쭮 ⥬ ஫. ஫ , -
㥬 堭 ஫ , 묨 ਪ묨 ண-
ࠬ  饭묨 ⥬,  筮      40-60
. ᫨       ᨭ஭,   ⮫쪮
 । ⥬, १⮬ 㤥  ந⥫-
; ⥬ -뢮 ९ - ᮪ ᪮
樨 ᥩ. 室 ⮨  ⮬, ⮡ ਧ -
     ஫ ୠ  १ 祭 -
ࢠ ६.   ࢠ   ।    ⥪襬
६     ண 稭  .   
⠪ 롮   .

     ॡ  ஫쭮 ୠ

     , ,  ᫥,    ⨢ -
ࠢ ⥬  ஫,  - ।,    㦭
஫஢.  ᯮ짮    ।⥫쭮
롮ન   樨  ᥩ,  ⮡ ஫ ୠ ᪮-
業஢    ᪮쪨 ᮡ. ਬ, -
  ᯮ짮 ᥣ  쪮 㯯 ,  
砬 ⠨.  ஬ ⮣,   ࠡ祥 ६ ।⠢-
 ᪮쪮 㥬  裡.  ,  -
 ⮫쪮  ⮣,      ⥬.   ⮬
砥 ।⥫ 롮  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  -
᫥ ᮡ⨩ 室  ⥬  室  . ⪨ -
   ⥬   ஭ ਧ 짮⥫
 䨪஢  㤠 ⪨ ॣ樨.
     ஫   ⠪ ।   짮-
⥫  㯯 짮⥫.     ᪮業-
  ,  ॢ  襭 ⥣ ᥪ⭮-
.   襭 ஫, ⥬  ⥬ -
   ந⥫쭮 ⥬.   ஫ ਢ-
   ᮧ ࠭  ஡   ⥬ ᮡ-
,    ॡ   ᮢ  ࠡ.    
뢠 㤮   ॣ஢  ᮡ    ᯮ짮
।⢠ ।樨,  ⮡ ⮬  㦭 ,   祬
⪠  ᡮ ᥩ,  ⢨⥫쭮 室  -
 ஡.  襭   ⥯ ᥪ⭮, -
  ७ ᮡ.
        ।  ᨨ  ஫   ⭮襭 
⥬. ।,    ᮮ⢥  ࢠ
६   㧪 ⥬    몫祭. 
᮪饭 ꥬ 뢠  ஫ ୠ   -
⢥       ஥஢ ⥬ 뫠 -
  ࠧ  ஫쭮 .  -
⥫쭮, ﭨ      ।  ᫥⥫쭮
஫ ᥩ,    㪠뢠 楫    .
.
                            - 5-26 -

 ⠪  室      ६ 뢠 -
⥫쭮,   ॡ ⭮ ⨢ ࠢ
  襪.
     ᫨ ⪫ ⥬ ஫  ६ ࠡ ⥬,
 ⥬  , 㤥 ᮧ  .  -
   ᫥⥫쭮 䠩 ᡮ   㯫⭥-
 䠩,  ᮤঠ ஫ , 易  -
 ࢠ   ६.    ਢ  ᮧ  (
,   )  ஢ 䠩 ஫    
横 ⥬.   , ஫㥬  ன 
᫥饩 ᨨ,    ᮧ묨  ६  ࢮ
ᨨ. ⥫쭮,      ᮤঠ  ᮮ⢥-
饥 ﭨ ,  㦭  - .  
᢮ ।,    맢  । ᥩ.  
⭮  ࠧ   䠩,  祬  ࠢ -
⮫쪮    ⭮⥫  䠩 (  ᮫).  ⮣
 ,  ᫨ 몫 ஫ ⮫쪮  ᫥  ⠭
⥬.

     楤 ஫

       ࠧ 뢠,   ⠭, 樨-
, ஢    ४  ஫ ⥬.   
   㭪権 ⢫ १ sysadmsh.  室  
孨 ஢    㭪権    ஫    ந   롮஬
System->Audit;  ᫥騥 㭪樨:

   Enable/Disable  樨஢  ४饭 ஫
   Collection      롮  ஫
                   ନ஢ 䨣樨 ⥬  ࠢ-
                    ஫㥬묨 ᮡﬨ  짮-
                   ﬨ. ஬ ⮣,  ࠢ ࠬࠬ
                   ⠭, 騬   ந⥫쭮 
                    ⥬   
   Report            ஫  ⠢ ⮢
                      ࠭  롮 䠩 -
                   樨, । ᨩ  ஫    
                   䠩 ᡮ      㤠 ᮪饭
                   䠩 ᫥ ⮣,    ⠭ -
                   묨
   Files           ஢ 䠩 ஫ ᥩ
                   ஢ઠ ᨩ ஫,    -
                   ⥬, 娢஢  ᨩ  ஫   -
                   ࢭ ⥫, ⠭ ࠭ -
                    ᨩ  ஫,   㤠  㦭
                   ᨩ ஫,    ⠭ ஫  
                    
.
                            - 5-27 -

     楤 ஫ ⮨   ⠯, ᠭ  -
 ࠧ:
     1. ⠭ 奬 ᡮ 
     2. 祭 ஫
     3.  ஫ ⮢

     ⠭ 奬 ᡮ 

     ⮡ ,   ᫥ ᮡ    ᫥-
 ࠭, ᤥ  sysadmsh ᫥騩 롮:

       System->Audit->Collection

      ࠭  ᫥騥   롮:

       Directories  ⠫  䠩 ᡮ  ஫  -
                    ⭥ 䠩
       Events       ⥬ ᪠ ⨯ ᮡ⨩
       IDs          롮 ஫ 짮⥫  㯯
       Parameters   ࠬ ⥬ ஫
       Summary      ᯥ⪠ ⨪ ⥪饩 ᨨ ஫

     롥,  ଠ   ⠢;  -
 ᠭ     ᫥ ࠧ.  ଠ  ᡮ
,  ,  뢠  䠩 ࠬ஢.  ⥬
⠢  䠩 ࠬ஢,    㬮砭,   
 ஢ ,  ⮡  㤮⢮ 訬 ॡ-
. 樨஢ ⥬ ஫ ᮡ  ᮮ⢥-
⢨  ᮤন 䠩 ࠬ஢   ,  ࠬ 
 ஢,    ४饭 ஫,   -
 ⥬. ⨬,   ࠬ  -
   室  ஫,    㣨 ⢨⥫ ⮫쪮  
樨஢ ஫.    ᠭ ।  -
䨣樨 ⬥ ᪨  ᪨ 稭.

     ⠫ ஫

      ᡮ  ,  㥬 ⥬ ஫,  
㯫⭥ 䠩, 㥬  ஫, 뢠 
   ⠫.   ஫  ᮤঠ 䠩,
ᠭ  ⢮ ࠧ ⠫.    ᨨ -
 ⮫쪮 㯫⭥ 䠩, ⠪  䠩 ᡮ  㤠-
 ⥬,   ⠭  ஫.  
㦭 ᫥ ⠫,    뢠 䠩,  -
  ଠ   ୠ쭮 䠩 ᨨ.
       㢥 ந⥫쭮  ⥬,   ⨢
⠫ ஫  䠩 ⥬, ᯮ  ⤥쭮
䨧᪮ ன⢥  ⠫ 䠩 ⥬.  㬥
ᮯ୨⢮     ᪠.  ஬ ⮣,  ஫ ॡ
⥫쭮 ࠭⢠,   ⮬ 㯫⭥.  -
.
                            - 5-28 -

   ᪥ ⠭ ,  ⥬ 뤠 ।०;
᫨ ᢮ ࠭⢠  䠩 ⥬ ⠭ ᫨-
 ,  ⥬ 몫砥 ஫.  ⮩ 稭 -
⥬   ন ᪮쪮 ⠫.   -
 訡   ६   ⠫   ௠ 
 ᪥ ⥬     ᯮ짮  ୠ-
⨢묨 ⠫, ⮡ த ࠡ.
       䠩 ᫥     㪠  ᮫⭮
 . ᫮ ⠫,    ।, 祬
 ࠭祭. ᫨  ⠫  , ⥬  -
 ᮧ  䠩  ୥ 䠩 ⥬, ᯮ -
१ࢨ஢ ⠫ ⥬ ஫ /tcb/audittmp. 
⠭ 䠩 䨣樨 ஫   㬮砭.

     ᪠ ᮡ⨩ ஫

      㦥 ਫ  ࠧ " ᮡ⨩ ஫",  -
 ஥ ᫮ ᮡ⨩ ஫,   :
                           5.5
                         ஫
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. Startup/Shutdown                   B. Login/Logoff
C. Process Create/Delete              D. Make Object Available
E. Map Object to Subject              F. Object Modification
G. Make Object Unavailable            H. Object Creation
I. Object Deletion                    J. DAC Changes
K. DAC Denials                        L. Admin/Operator Actions
M. Insufficient Privilege             N. Resource Denials
O. IPC Functions                      P. Process Modifications
Q. Audit Subsystem Events             R. Database Events
S. Subsystem Events                   T. Use of Privilege
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 A. /⠭                   B. 室/室  ⥬
 C. /           D.  ꥪ 㯭
 E. ⮡ࠧ ꥪ  ꥪ      F. 䨪 ꥪ
 G.  ꥪ 㯭       H.  ꥪ
 I.  ꥪ                 J.  DAC
 K. ⪠ DAC                       L. ⢨ /.
 M.  ਢ         N. ⪠ 
 O. 㭪樨 IPC                      P. 䨪樨 
 Q.  ⥬ ஫      R.   
 S.  ⥬               T. ᯮ짮 ਢ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      ⨯ ᮡ 뢮  ࠭  ᮮ⢥  -
, 室饩  孥  ࠭.   ᮡ⨩, 
஫, ⨯ ᮡ ᫥    ᨬ "Y". 
ᮡ⨩,  騥 ஫, ᪫ 樥 "N".  -
४祭   "Y"  "N"    ⭮    襩
஡.   室      㣮 ᯮ
 ६饭 .    ᮡ⨩  -
஢   ᪨      ⥪饩  ᨨ ஫
/ 뢠  䠩 ࠬ஢  ᯮ짮  ᫥-
  ஫.
.
                            - 5-29 -

     롮 짮⥫  㯯

      User   Group  ᯮ짮  ᪮ -
 롮  ஫  ⥪饩 ᨨ   ᫥ -
ᨩ. 롮 짮⥫  㯯  ந ⭮ 
祭  ᨨ. ᫨  짮⥫  㯯  -
࠭,   १  짮⥫  㯯  ᪫祭 
 롮.   砥,     ⥬ -
 ஫.

     ࠬ ⥬ ஫

            ࠬ  ஫,  ⮡
ந ஫  ᮮ⢥⢨  ॡﬨ ⥬.  -
    ࠬ஢ 易  ஡ ஬ 
ந⥫쭮  ,  㦤訬 .  
 ⠭ ᭥.  ᫥騥 ࠬ:

   Write to disk...                             (  )
       ࠬ ।  ,     ன  
     ஫ ᨭ஭ 뢠  䠩 ᡮ  -
       ७ ஢ ஫.    ஫-
         ⢮ ,   । ,
      祭  ࢠ ६. ᫥ -
      ᮡ ,       訥
     ꥬ    樨 ᥩ ࠧ  -
     .      稪 ⮢,   -
      ६. ࢠ ६ ᥣ   ᥪ㭤.
       宩 롮  稭   ⭮  
      ந⥫쭮.   誮  樨  -
      ࠡ ⥬  १୮ 䨪 -뢮.
      㣮 ஭,   祭 ᫨誮 , 
     ⭮    砥 ⠫쭮 ᡮ ⥬.
           ७ -
       .   ࠧ, 筮 筮 
     稪  ࠢ 1024 (ࠧ ७ ).
   Wake up daemon...                      (⨢஢ )
      ࠬ ࠢ  ஫.   -
     ﭭ ⠥  ன⢠ ஫  砥 ,  -
     饭  䠩 ᡮ . ⥬   㯫
      뢠    㯫⭥ 䠩,   ᫥⢨
     ࣠ ।樨.  祭 ᨬ쭮 䥪⨢-
      ⬠ 㯫⭥  ᫥   -
      ࠧ஬  4  5 .   ⮣ 㦭 ᯥ樠쭠
     ࠡ⪠    ⥬,   ⠪   筮  ⥭
     頥 ࠢ,   㯭 - , 
      ,      । ꥬ .  
     ᨬ쭮 䥪⨢  ࠬ      
         4096  5120 .   㬮砭 ਭ
     稭 4096 .
.
                            - 5-30 -

   Collection buffers                      ( ᡮ )
      ࠬ    ᫮ ஢ ᡮ ,
     ᯮ㥬 ⥬.  ᯮ  ७ -
        ᡮ  ஫,  뢠  䠩 ᡮ
     .   㢥祭 䥪⨢ ⥬  ᯮ
     ᪮쪮 ஢, ⠪    ᮢ⭮ ᯮ-
      ୮ ࠭⢮  ⪠ ᥭ . 
     稨 ᪮쪨  ஢    ⫮ 
      ࠭  த 믮   ஢,   
     ᫨    ।  믮 -뢮.  㦭
        .  設⢮ ⥬   䥪-
     ⨢ ᯮ짮  4-6 ஢  ஡  ந-
     ⥫쭮.      ।  ᯮᮡ
     ᫥ ⨬쭮 ᫠ ஢.  饬 砥 -
       稭 室   㧪  ᠬ
     ⥬.
   Collection/Audit output file switch...
      (४祭 室 䠩 ஫/䠩 ᡮ )
       ࠬ   ᨬ ࠧ, -
     ண   ⨣  䠩  ᡮ    㯫⭥
     䠩 । ᮧ  䠩. ᫨   ࠬ-
     ஢  쪨 祭,   ਢ  १୮
      ४祭 䠩.    㯫⭥ 䠩 -
      ﭭ묨,   ⠪  맢  
     䠩  ⥬.  ᫨  ᫨誮  訥  祭,
      ᮧ ,   ன 䠩 ᡮ  -
     ஫  ᯮ짮    ᪥,  ᫨ 
      筮 ⠭  ஫,   뫮 
     맢  㤠.  ஬ 㯫⭥ 䠩  ஫
      ࠢ ⮬,   䠩   ⥬ 
     ।樨  㤠.  ⥫쭮,  ⮡  䠩  
     ࠧ, ਥ    ࠡ  ,   ⮬ ᫥  
      ࠭  ⠭.   㬮砭  䠩-
      ᡮ   祭 50 ,   㯫⭥-
      䠩 - 1 .  ,   ᨬ ࠧ-
     , ࠭   㯫⭥ 䠩,   ॢ蠥 -
       ⥬ 稭 ulimit,  ஫饩 -
      ࠧ, ⨬  짮⥫᪮ 䠩.
   Compacted audit output files
                           (⭥ 室 䠩 ஫)
       ।ᬮ७  砩, ᫨ 㦭   -
     ⭥ 䠩 ஫. ᮡ 室 ᯮ짮
       , ⠪  㯫⭥  ॡ  -
     ⥫쭮 ६  ࠡ,  ⮣   
     ᪥ 筮  60 業⮢.   㯫⭥  -
     ন  짮⥫᪮   ஫,   
     믮   ⥬.
.
                            - 5-31 -

   Enable audit on system startup
                         ( ஫  ᪥ ⥬)
     ᫨ ⢥ ⥫,    १  ஫  㤥
     稭 ⮬᪨     १㧪 ⥬.
       室  ࠭ ⮫쪮 १  View;   -
     ⠭  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⥬,   ஫ 祭
      몫祭. ᫨ ஫  몫祭,   ᪥ 
     㤥 ⪫.
   Shutdown gracefully on disk full
             (믮 ⥯ ⠭   ᪠)
        ⥬ 믮 ⮬᪨  -
     , ᫨  ௠ ࠭⢮  ᪥;  
       .
   Change parameters for this/future session
                 ( ࠬ  /᫥饩 ᨨ)
     ᫥   樨  ࠭   ᪨ -
      ⥪  /     ﭭ
      䠩 ࠬ஢ ஫  ᫥ ᨩ.

      ⨪

     ᫥ ,  ।ᬮ७   Collection,  - 
祭 ⨪ ⥪饩 ᨨ ஫.  室 -
   ⥪饩 ᨨ,  ⢥ 䠩 ᡮ  
㯫⭥ 䠩,  ⢥ ᥩ,   ᮧ  堭
஫ ,   ᥩ,  ᮧ ਪ묨 ணࠬ, 
. ᫨    ஫  ,   ⨪  
뢮.
     ਬ ᯥ⪨ Summary:
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|         *** Audit Subsystem Statistics ***
|                               (⨪ ⥬ ஫)
|  Current Audit Session-6      (  ஫ - 6)
|  Current Collection File Sequence Number-1488
|                 (浪  ⥪饣 䠩 ᡮ )
|  Total count of audit data written:      7659433
|                 (騩 稪 ᠭ  ஫)
|  Total count of audit records written:   156666
|                 (騩 稪 ᠭ ஫ ᥩ)
|  Audit records written by applications:  81
|        (஫ , ᤥ ਪ묨 ணࠬ)
|  Audit records written by system calls:  155083
|        (஫ , ᤥ ⥬묨 맮)
|  System calls not selected for audit:    751889
|                 (⥬ 맮,  ⮡࠭  ஫)
|  Total number of audit device reads:     2977
|        (饥 ᫮ 権 ⥭  ன⢥ ஫)
|  Total number of audit device writes:    324
|        (饥 ᫮ 権   ன⢥ ஫)
|  Total number of collection files:       1489
|                 (饥 ᫮ 䠩 ᡮ )
|
.
                            - 5-32 -

     祭/몫祭 ஫

     ⮡   몫 ஫,  ᯮ ᫥-
騥 롮  sysadmsh:

     System->Audit->Enable

     System->Audit->Disable

     㭪 祭,  ᯮ ⥪騩 䠩 ࠬ஢ -
஫, 믮 樠  ⥬.   㭪  몫祭
㯭  ⮣    뢠 ⥯ 室  -
 (  䠩 ᡮ  ⠭   㯫⭥).
⥬   ४頥  ࠡ,   ⠢  ୠ 䠩
ᨨ ஫  㯫⭥ 䠩 ᨨ.
     ,   ᫨  몫  ஫,   ⥬  
,  १㧨 ⥬,     맢  
  , 㦭  ঠ ﭨ -
. ᫨ ஫ ४饭  䨪樨    -
஢, ,   設⢮ ࠬ஢ ⥬  -
஢    ஫.    㭪権 - -
  몫祭 - ।ᬮ७ ࠭  ⢥ত, -
஥ 㦭 ᤥ  襭 㭪樨  sysadmsh.   -
஫ 砥    몫砥,   ࠭ 室 ᮮ饭 
ﭨ ஫   १㧪; ᫨  ஫  몫-
祭,    ᪥ ⥬  㤥 몫祭,   ᫨ 祭,
  㤥  祭.

     ஢ 䠩 ஫

     㭪樨 ᮯ஢ 䠩 ஫ 㯭    sysadmsh
 ᫥饬 롮:

     System->Audit->Files

     㯭 ᫥騥 䠩 㭪樨:

     List      뢮 ᯨ᪠ 䠩 ᨨ ஫  ⥬

     Backup    㡫஢ 䠩 ᨨ ஫  १-

                    ⥫
     Delete     䠩 ᨨ ஫

     Restore   ⠭  䠩 ᨨ ஫   -

                   ࢭ ⥫

      ஫ ⮨  ୠ쭮 䠩 ᨨ  -
 㯫⭥ 䠩, ᣥ஢  ⠬ 祭-
   몫祭 ⥬ ஫.   䠩 ᡮ  
㯫⭥ 䠩, ᮧ  ६ ᨨ, 砥 㭨
    ⮩ ᨨ.  ᫥ 襭 ᨨ ⠥ ⮫쪮
ୠ 䠩  㯫⭥ 䠩.  㭪樨 ᮯ஢ 䠩-
 ஢,   ᨨ    ⥬,    -
 㤠 㦥  㦭 ᨨ.
.
                            - 5-33 -

     뢮 ᯨ᪠ ஫ ᥩ

      롮   ⢥: 뢮 ᯨ᮪ 䠩,
㯭  ⠫ ஫.

     㡫஢ ஫ ᥩ

     ᪮ ᨨ ஫ ॡ        ᪥,
 뢠 室   ஫  娢,  
⥬  ᮪ ,   ⠭    ਮ
६, ᫨  㦭   ஡,   -
 .       䥩  㡫஢-
/⠭.   Backup ॡ  ⢥  
ᨨ.   ,  ᣥ஢ ஫  (.
). ࠢ  㡫஢,       室 -
ன⢮  㡫஢.    㦨  ꥬ  -
⥫, 㯭  ⥬.

     砭
     ஫ ॡ 祭    ᪥.   ᨬ
 ⢠  짮⥫  ⥬   ⢠ ஫-
㥬 ᮡ⨩,   ॡ 쭮 㡫஢ 
㤠 䠩 ᨩ. ᫨  ᯨᠭ 㡫஢, 
롮 樨 㡫஢ ஫,  ⭮,     ॡ.
 ⨬,  祭  㤠 䠩 ᫥ ⮣,  
த㡫஢  ᢮ ࠭⢥  ᪥.

     筮 ⠪  ᨨ,  뫨 த㡫஢  ꥬ
⥫   ணࠬ 䥩,    ⠭-
 樥 Restore.   ⮣ ⠢ ⥫  ࠭묨
䠩 ᨨ    ன⢮  ⠭    -
ன⢠.

      䠩

      㤠 ᨩ  ஫  ।ᬮ७  롮  Delete.
ᨨ    娢  १ࢭ ⥫,   ⥬ 㤠-
, ⮡ ᢮   䠩 ⥬  㣨  䠩-
 ஫. ᨨ 㤠   ᨨ.  業-
਩   ⠢  (.  )  ।-
,  ᨨ       㤠. -
⥬  ᨨ ।⠢ 樨 Delete,    㤠
 䠩, 易  ⮩ ᨥ.
.

                            - 5-34 -

     ⠢ ஫ ⮢

     ⮡ ᬮ ஫ ୠ - ᨨ,  -
  sysadmsh:

     System->Audit->Report

     㯭 ᫥騥 樨:

     List      뢮 ᯨ᪠  㯭 䠩 롮ન

     View      ᬮ ࠬ஢  䠩 롮ન

     Create      䠩 롮ન

     Modify    䨪 饣 䠩 롮ન

     Delete     饣 䠩 롮ન

     Generate  믮 横 ।樨,   ᨨ

                   ஫  䠩 롮ન

      ਫ ,  ਩ ᡮ  ஫ ।-
⠢  ஢ 롮  ஫. ᫥ ⮣,  -
 ᮡ࠭,   ᮪ (믮 ।), .. -
  祭 㦭 樨   ⭮ ᯥ-
 ࠡ ⥬.  ।樨    믮-
 ।樨  ।,   㦭 .  Generate
ᯥ稢 ப  ਥ -롮ન,   
  㪠  ᮡ, 짮⥫  -
.
     ᫥  뢮  ࠭ ᮪饭  뢮  ᨨ
஫.  ⮣ ॡ  ᨨ  䠩 롮ન, -
     䠩 롮ન,  ஥    
権 ᮧ   䠩 롮ન.

      롮ન

     ணࠬ ।樨  ᯮ  -롮ન ஫
ᥩ 䠩   䠩  롮ન.     䠩  ந
ணࠬ 䥩    ஫  ᭮ 襣
.   ந  ࠭ ⢮ 䠩,  
᢮ ஬  ਥ 롮.  ⥬  믮 ।
᪮쪮 ࠧ       ᨨ,    ࠧ 
ࠧ묨 䠩 롮ન.   ࠧ,    ந 
࠭ 䠩 롮ન,  ᯮ㥬  ।樨 .
 㦭 㤥 믮 । ,   ᯮ짮
㦥 ஥ 䠩.
      ᮯ஢  䠩  롮ન ᯮ 樨 List,
View, Create,  Modify  Delete.  楤 롮ન ஡ -
.
                            - 5-35 -

㦤  ᫥饬 ࠧ. ࠭  ﬨ, ਢ묨 -
, ᯮ  맮 ࠭ ᫥饣 ஢,  ⮡ -
 㦭 㭪  䠩 롮ન.   ᭮  
権, 䠩 롮ન   ᮧ,  , -
  㤠.
      ।樨 ஫ ᥩ      ᫥騥
ਨ:

     Event types      ᮡ⨩
                      ⨯  ᮡ,   ᫥ ⡨-
                     , 砥  㪢 "Y".  ᮡ⨩,
                      㦭 ᪫  롮ન, -
                       ஡    㪢  "N".
                     ᫨ ᮡ⨥  ࠭,  ᮮ⢥騥
                        㤠  뢮.
     Start and Stop times       砫쭮  筮 ६
                     ᫨  ७,    -
                      ६  ந ᮡ⨥, 易-
                       ᥪ⭮,        
                           ⮫쪮 ,
                     ᣥ஢   ਮ.   
                     ।   ᥩ, 
                     ⭥ ᥣ  ந襤襥.
     Users/Groups    짮⥫/㯯
                      ஫    뤥 짮⥫
                      㯯 짮⥫.  ᫨ 楫  -
                       ⥬  । -
                     ⥫᪨ ,    ⮫-
                       ,   뫨 ᣥ஢ 
                     䨪஬ 짮⥫     㯯,
                     ᮮ⢥騬   짮⥫.  
                       ᬮ ᥩ  ᪮業-
                     ஢  ॢ .
     Files           
                      롮  ஫  ᥩ   뢮
                      ⠪ ᯮ짮 䠩 (  -
                     ⮢). ᫨  ᮤন ᪮쪮 
                     ꥪ⮢     ᮢ  -
                       ꥪ  ,    -
                      롨ࠥ.  ꥪ⮢  
                        ᮫   ⥩,   ⠪
                        ⭮⥫  ꥪ⮢ ண-
                     ࠬ ।樨 ८ࠧ  ᮫.

      ᯮ짮    ਥ.  -
,    ᨨ   롮  ६ -
,  䨪 짮⥫     ꥪ.   ᫨
     ࢠ ६,  ᣥ஢ -
 짮⥫  ᮤন     ꥪ⮢,   
 롨ࠥ  뢮.
      롮થ ᥩ  ⥬ ਮ⮢, ࠢ-
 ਬ ਥ 롮ન. ᫨ ⨯ ᮡ⨩ ஫ 
,    롨ࠥ, ᨬ  ⠫ -
.
                            - 5-36 -

. 筮,   ᫨ । 롮ઠ  ६   
㤮⢮ ,    롨ࠥ. ᫨  㤮-
  롮  ⨯ ᮡ   ६,    -
ࠥ  ⮬ 砥, ᫨   ᮤন 䨪 -
⥫ (ॣ樮,  䥪⨢  ॠ), -
 㯯 (䥪⨢  ॠ)   ꥪ,   
䠩 롮ન.   ᫨  짮⥫,  㯯  ꥪ 
,  믮 롮ઠ ⮫쪮  ⨯ ᮡ    -
.

     ⨥ ।樨 

      reduce  Audit Report   祭,  
 ,  ⢥⢥   ஫ ᥩ.
 ⨫ ८ࠧ 㯫⭥  ஫쭮  ୠ
 ࣠  ⠡ ᮢ㯭 ᥩ, 
 ஡  ⥬.  ।⢠ ।樨   
᮪ ६,  ॡ㥬    ᥩ. 
 ᪮業஢  ⭮ 짮⥫,   㯯
짮⥫,  ꥪ,  ⨯ ᮡ⨩  , ᣥ-
஢  । ࢠ ६.    ᯮ-
 ᮢ⭮,    堭  롮.
     ⮡ ஢ ஫ ୠ,  㦭  -
 ᥩ,   뤠 ணࠬ.  ,   ஫
 室   筨:  ⥬ 맮,   
ਪ ணࠬ    饭 ⥬.  ଠ ᥩ
 ࠧ 筨 祭 ᨫ쭮 ⫨   㣠. -
 ⮣,   ࠧ  ⥬ 맮 ᨫ쭮 ⫨   
㣠  ᮤঠ,  ⠪  믮  ᯥ᪨  㭪樨.
ਬ,   ᮧ    fork(S)  㦭 㪠 ⮫쪮
䨪 ᮧ   䨪  த襣
 .    ⥬ 맮 open(S)   -
ᠭ ꥪ,   ண 믮 ,    . 
⠪ ⥬ 맮,  mount(S)  link(S),   -
ᠭ  㣠 ଠ;     ॡ    
 ꥪ⮢.  ⨫ ।樨  ।⠢  -
  뢮 ଠ  㯮冷祭 .
     室     ஢    ⥣ਨ:
 ⥬ 맮,  뤠 堭 ஫ ,  
஫  ਪ ணࠬ.    -
 騬   室 ᥩ.  ਬ,   ६
,  ⠪ 易   䨪  뢮
   ⨯.   ⠫쭮 ᮤন    
⮣,  뫮  ஫.

     ଠ ᥩ ⥬ 맮

      ⥬  맮  ⠢ 設⢮ ᥩ 
஫쭮 ୠ.   樮 ⥬      60
⥬ 맮.      ஫, ⠪  ⮫쪮
 ⥬ 맮  易묨   ᥪ⭮.
   ⥬ 맮   ᮧ
஫ .   ⥬ 맮 ন  
.
                            - 5-37 -

᪮쪮 㭪権 (⠪,   fcntl(S),  msgsys(S),  shmsys(S),
semsys(S)),  ஫   ஢ ⮫쪮 
⤥ 㭪権.  ਬ, ⥬ 맮 fcntl(S) 
뢠 䠩,  㡫 ਯ  䠩,   ⠪
 ᯥ樠 䫠 䠩,  ᯥ稢 ஬. 
砩 ।⠢  ஫㥬 ᮡ⨥ (ᤥ ꥪ -
㯭  ꥪ),  ன ॠ쭮  易  ᥪ⭮.
, ⥬ 맮  믮 㭪樨,  -
ਢ  ஫㥬 ᮡ,        
ࠧ襭 ⥬ ᪮ ᮡ⨩.
     뢮 ᥩ ⥬ 맮 襩   
 맮.  ਠ  ᫥⢨ ⮣,  
⥬ 맮   ꥪ⠬ (ਬ,  open(S)), 
 ꥪ ᮤন  .   ᮤন  ࠩ-
  ६, , 䨪 ,  ⥬ -
, ⨯ ᮡ,  ॣ樮 䨪  짮⥫,
ॠ 䨪 짮⥫  㯯,  ⠪ 
ᯥ譮  ᯥ譮 맮.
      室   ᮤন,    ⨬ ᭮묨
ଠ樮묨 ﬨ,   㣨,   ᨬ   ⥬
맮.     㭪 5-1.  ᮤন -
 饣 ,   ⠪  ⨯ ᮡ, ⥬ -
  १.

Process ID: 68         Date/Time: Sat Mar  5 13:25:09 1988
Luid: root  Euid: root  Ruid: root  Egid: root  Rgid: root
Event type:
System call:
Result:

       㭮 5-1. 騩  室 

      ⥬  맮   ⨯ ⥬
ᮡ, 室  믮塞  ⢨.  ᯮ 
ᠭ ⨯  ᮡ ⥬ 맮.  ।⠢ -
쭮  ⥬ 맮.   設⢥ 砥   -
筮  ⢨.   ᮦ,  ⥬
맮 UNIX ॣ㦥: 窠 室 ⥬ 맮 ᯮ-
  믮 ⢠ ⢨.  ਬ, msgsys() -
 室 ⥬ 맮  権 IPC  ।ﬨ  ᮮ-
饭.    窠  室  ᯮ    맮  msgget(S),
msgop(S)  msgctl(S), 믮 । 㭪樨 IPC.
      ⥬ 맮   ᠬ祢묨.  -
⥬ ஫ ᢥ     ॣ㦥  맮  
।⠢ ⥫  ଠ    ஢
⭮ 㭪樨.  ᯥ ⥬ 맮 १ -
।  successful (ᯥ).   맮, 
訡,  訡 ᯮ  ⥫쭮 䨪樨
. ਬ,  맮 open(S),  믮訩 - -
⢨ ࠧ襭,    access denial (⪠ -
㯠). 㤠  ⥬ 맮,  騩 ஫ -
, 㪠뢠 訡   १.
.
                            - 5-38 -

     室   ⥬  맮   ࠧ  
㯯.  ࢮ 㯯 ⭮ ,        㦭
㪠뢠  ⥩. ਬ, ⥬ 맮 fork(S) -
  ᫥  ᮢ,  ஦  -
,  ஫쭠   ॡ  .  㣮 -
, open(S)  頥 ਯ 䠩    -
. ᫥騥  樨,  ⠪  close(S),  ᯮ 
ਯ 䠩.  ⮡ ஫  뫨 稬,   
ன ⨯ ᥩ  ᮤঠ  .   ணࠬ-
 ।樨    ᮯ⠢    ᥬ  ᫥騬
⢨ﬨ, 믮塞묨   䠩,   ᫨  -
⢨ 믮﫨  ਯ஬ 䠩.
      ᫥饩  ⠡ ਢ ஫㥬 ⥬ -
,  ᮤঠ騥 ଠ樨   .

                pipe       fork        kill
                setuid     setgid      exit
                read       setpgrp     msg
                sem        shm         write

          㭮 5-2. ⥬ 맮   ⥩

      ⥬  맮   ⮣ ᯨ᪠ 室  -
   , ࠦ  㭪 5-3. 
ਬ  室   ᯥ譮 ⥬ -
 setuid(S).

Process ID: 6381       Date/Time: Tue Mar 15 11:25:19 1988
Luid: blf   Euid: blf   Ruid: root  Egid: root  Rgid: root
Event type: Modify process   ( ᮡ: ஢ )
System call: Setuid
Result: Successful

     㭮 5-3.  ⥬ 맮 setuid(S)

      ࠧ  ᫥饬 㭪   室
 ⥬ 맮 setuid(S),   믮襣 - -
⢨ ࠧ襭  䠩.  ,  䨪 ⨯
ᮡ  㣠,   訡 ࠦ   १.

Process ID: 6381       Date/Time: Tue Mar 15 11:25:19 1988
Luid: blf   Euid: blf   Ruid: blf   Egid: guru  Rgid: guru
Event type: Modify process
System call: Setuid
Result: Failed  (EPERM) -Not owner         (㤠:  )

     㭮 5-4. 室   ⪠ 㯠

      ⥬  맮  ⮩ 㯯   室
 ⥫ ଠ,   ஫쭮
ୠ. ⥬ 맮 ᥬ,  ࠧ塞 , ।
.
                            - 5-39 -

ᮮ饭  security(S)  ॣ㦥.   ⮡ࠦ   -
⢮ 㭪権.  ஫   
믮塞 㭪  ࠣ ꥪ (ਬ,  ࠧ-
 ). 맮 close(S), dup(S)  fcntl(S) ࠡ  -
ਯࠬ 䠩,  祭묨   ⥩.  室  ,
㪠뢠 dup(S)   ਯ 䠩,  㤥 祭 㦭,
⠪     䠩 筮.     ࠧ,
reduce ᮮ⭮  ਯ  䠩      ⠢
   .
      ⥬ 맮 read(S)   write(S) 祭  ᯨ᮪
 㭪 5-3,  ஫ ⮫쪮  । -
⥫⢠,     뤥 ᯥ樠쭠 室  .
   맮 ஫ ⮫쪮  ࢮ 믮 
䠩. ᫥騥 樨 ⥭      ஫,
⠪      ଠ樨.  ஫ 
ᯮ  reduce  ᫥ ﭨ  䠩.   
䠩 뢠  맮  exec(S),   exece(S),   close(S)   
exit(S),   ⥬ 맮    ⢨,   맢襣
⨥ 䠩,   砥   ꥪ   ⥭ 
.   㭪 5-5.

Process ID: 421        Date/Time: Sat Mar  5 17:15:09 1988
Luid: blf   Euid: blf   Ruid: blf   Egid: guru  Rgid: guru
Event type: Make object unavailable  ( ꥪ 㯭)
System call: Close
File Access-Read: Yes   Written: No
                    (  䠩  ⥭:    ᠭ: )
Object: /tmp/datafile
Result: Successful

         㭮 5-5.  ⥬ 맮 close(S)

      㯯 ⥬ 맮,   㭪 5-6,
砥  ⠢ 室   ⥩.     ।-
⠢ 祭 ⥬ 맮.     ⥬
맮 (link(S)  mount(S))  ᠬ  ᮤঠ   
.

                open       unlink      creat
                exec       chdir       mknod
                chown      chmod       stat
                umount     exece       chroot
                link       mount

         㭮 5-6. ⥬ 맮   ⥩

          ⥬ 맮 ᯮ   -
쪮  ⥩  ⢥  㬥⮢  맮.     ⥩
஫    ஫   ।樨.  室-
    맮 㪠뢠  ꥪ,   -
﫨 ⢨.    ⠪ ࠭ ணࠬ ।-
樨  ⠬,    㦭,   ᮯ⠢  ਯ  䠩,
.
                            - 5-40 -

頥  ⥬ 맮.  ᮮ⢥⢨ ᯮ-
 㣨 ⥬묨 맮,  ⠪  dup(S),  
ࠡ  䠩,    ᮤঠ  .  㭪 5-7 -
 室 ,  ᣥ஢  १ ⥬
맮 creat(S).   ଠ  ।⠢ ᮡ  -
,   .

Process ID: 64         Date/Time: Sat Mar  5 23:25:09 1988
Luid: root  Euid: root  Ruid: root  Egid: root  Rgid: root
Event type: Object creation              ( ꥪ)
System call: Creat
Object: /tmp/daemon.out
Result: Successful

           㭮 5-7. 室    

      맮  ⮩  㯯    ⥬  ଠ⮬
 .  맮 (link(S)  mount(S)) ᯮ  
: 筨  祭. 筠 , 뤠 ⥬-
 맮 link(S),   㭪 5-8.

Process ID: 14231      Date/Time: Thu Mar 16 03:25:39 1988
Luid: lp    Euid: lp    Ruid: lp    Egid: lp    Rgid: lp
Event type: Object creation
System call: Link
Source: /tmp/printfile
Target: /usr/spool/lp/lp3014
Result: Successful

       㭮 5-8. 室     ⥩

      㣨  ⥬  맮 ⮩ 㯯  ᯥ-
 室 .   맮 chown(S)  chmod(S), 
ᯮ     ࠧ襭 樮 㯠 
ᬥ  ꥪ.     ⢨  ⭮襭 
ᥪ⭮,   뢮    祭 -
 ꥪ,   㯯  ०.   㭪 5-9  -
室   ⥬ 맮 chmod(S).

Process ID: 6841       Date/Time: Sat Mar  5 13:25:09 1988
Luid: blf   Euid: blf   Ruid: blf   Egid: guru  Rgid: guru
Event type: Discretionary Access Change
                              ( 樮 㯠)
System call: Chmod
Object: /tmp/demo/newfile
Old values: Owner-blf  Group-guru  Mode-100600
               ( 祭: ... 㯯... ...)
New values: Owner-blf  Group-guru  Mode-100666     ( .)
Result: Successful

     㭮 5-9.  ⥬ 맮 chmod(S)

.
                           - 5-41 -

     ஫  ਪ ணࠬ

       ࠧ ⨯ ஫ ᥩ,  -
㥬 ਪ묨 ணࠬ. ଠ  ᥩ .
 ⫨稥  ⥬ 맮,      -
਩ ᥣ   ଠ,  ଠ -
. ⥣ਨ ᥩ ᫥騥:
     *  室  ⥬  室  
     *  ⥬ ஫
     *  짮⥫᪮ ஫
     *  ਧ ⥬
     *  饭  
     *  ஢ ନ  짮⥫᪮ 

       ᮤন । ଠ,    
 室  ஫  ᥩ.    室 䨪
, ६  ,  ⠪ ⨯ ᮡ ஫. ঠ
⠫쭮  室     ⨯.  , -
騥  , 뢠  ᫥ ࠧ.

      室  ⥬   室  ⥬

      ⪨  ॣ஢    ⥬  ஫
ணࠬ ॣ樨.  ᠥ  ᯥ, ⠪  㤠-
 ⮪.   ᠬ ᮡࠥ  ଠ   㯠
짮⥫  ⥬   ⪠ 㯠.    ᯮ-
 ஫  室  室  ⥬, ⮡ -
,   ᠬ  ࠡ⠥  ⥬.   ⠪ 
 砥  ⮪ ஭  ⥬.  樮-
 ⥬ ন  ஢ ନ -
 । ᫠ ⮪,   ᮡ⨥ ⠪  -
  ஫. ⠪,     ।⢠, 室 
᫥ ( ।饭) 㯠  ⥬.
       ॣ樨 ᮤন ,  騩
⭮ ⢨,  ஥ ஫஢.    
: ᯥ譠 ॣ,  㤠筠 ॣ, 室
 ⥬.   ᯥ 室  室 ਢ  ନ஢
室 ஫쭮 , 㪠뢠饩 짮⥫᪨ 
 ନ ॣ樮 ᨨ.  ᫨ ⪠ 㤠筠,   
짮⥫   祭 -  ⪠  㤠.  ⮬
砥 뢮 ⮫쪮 ନ,   ஬  뫠  ।ਭ
⪠,   ⠪    .   㭪 5-10 
뢮  砥 ᯥ譮 ॣ樨.
.
                            - 5-42 -

Process ID: 2812       Date/Time: Fri Mar   4  10:31:14 1988
Event type: Login/Logoff Activity
              ( ᮡ: 室  ⥬  室  ⥬)
Action: Successful Login               (⢨: ᯥ 室)
Username: blf                          ( 짮⥫:...)
Terminal: /dev/tty2                    (ନ:...)

    㭮 5-10. 室  ᯥ譮 室  ⥬

      짮⥫᪮ ஫

      ⪨ ஢ ஫ 짮⥫᪮ 
( ᯥ,   㤠)  ⥫쭮 ஫ ⥬
ਧ樨.  ᮮࠦ ᥪ⭮ ஫   
 ᮡ⨩  ᮤঠ ⥪ ஫,  ⮫쪮 㪠뢠 -
  ஫㥬 ⢨.   ⢨ ࠧ  :
ᯥ譮  ஫,  㤠筮 , ⢨ ࠧ-
襭   ஫.   㭪 5-11  ஫-
    㤠筮 ⪨  ஫.

Process ID: 7314       Date/Time: Tue Mar   1  18:30:44 1988
Event type: Authentication database activity
                          (    ⥭䨪樨)
Action: Unsuccessful password change
                                    (㤠筮  ஫)
Username: blf

㭮 5-11. ஫쭠   㤠筮  ஫

      饭  

     ணࠬ, ᮯ஢騥  騥 饭  
 ⥬, ஫  ⪨ 㯠  ਢ
樨, 易   .         
⢥ ஡,  稭  ஡ 楫⭮   ⪠-
, 易  ᥪ⭮.      -
 ஫㥬 ⢨,  뢮 ᮤন  ணࠬ,
㦨襩  ஡,   ꥪ,   ஡-
 易,   䠪᪨ 祭,  ⠪ ⢨
 १ ᮡ.

Process ID: 7314       Date/Time: Tue Mar   1  18:30:44 1988
Event type: Authentication database activity
Command: authck
Object: Protected password database
                        (ꥪ: 饭   ஫)
Value: Expected-0 Actual-0
                      (祭:  - 0, 䠪᪮ - 0)
Security action: /tcb/files/auth/code
                        (⢨, 易  ᥪ⭮:...)
Result: extraneous file in protected password hierarchy
     (: ஭ 䠩  饭 娨 ஫)

    㭮 5-12. 室   饭  
.
                            - 5-43 -

      ⥬ ஫

     , ࠣ騥 ࠡ  ⥬  ஫,   ᠬ
祭 ⥫쭮 ஫.  롮 audit  sysadmsh  
஫ auditd  ஫   㭪権, -
  ন.   ⮣, ࠩ ன⢠ ஫
⠪ ᮧ ஫   ᮢ । 㭪-
権. ஫ ᫥騥 㭪樨:
     樠 ⥬;
     ४饭 ⥬;
     䨪 ࠬ஢ ⥬;
      ஫ 祭;
      ஫ 몫祭;
     ⠭ ⥬;
     訡 ⥬.
      室   砥 ଠ 饣 -
,  ⠪  ஫㥬 㭪樨.   ᠬ ᯥ-
稢     ⮪   ࠡ ⥬
஫.  㭪 5-13   㠫쭠  ஫쭠  -
,    樠 ⥬.

Process ID: 517        Date/Time: Wed Mar   2   8:30:04 1988
Event type: Audit subsystem activity  ( ⥬ ஫)
Action: Audit enabled                 (஫ 祭)

       㭮 5-13. 室  ⥬ ஫

      饭 ⥬

      饭 ⥬  ஢ ஫
 १   ஫.    㪠뢠  
᫮, 㦥 ⥬.  ਬ,   ᫨  ⥬
⠫  ஡ ࠧ襭  䠩   ⪠ 
㦨 - 墠⪨   㣨 ᮢ,  -
⥬   ᮮ饭  ᮮ⢥饩 訡.   
 ᯮ짮, ⮡ ন ᭮ ⥬.
      筮 뢮  ,    -
⥬ ᮤন  ,  ⢨  १.   
⭮  , 㦨襩 ᮢ⨬  ନ஢-
襩 ஫ . ⢨  १ 뢠 ⢨,
।ਭ ⥬,  㦥 ஡.  㭪 5-
14  ஫쭠 , ᣥ஢ ⥬.

Process ID: 2812       Date/Time: Fri Mar   4  10:31:14 1988
Event type: Authorized subsystem activity
                              ( ਧ ⥬)
Subsystem: System Administrator Subsystem
                             (⥬:  ⥬)
Security action: Update /etc/rc
             (⢨, 易  ᥪ⭮: ...)
Result: Cannot open for update
                 (:     )

    㭮 5-14. 室  ਧ ⥬
.
                            - 5-44 -

      ନ/짮⥫᪮ 

     짮⥫᪨   ନ   -
஢묨, ᫨ ᫮ 㤠 ⮪ ॣ樨  -
 ॢ 祭, ࠭饥    ਧ樨. -
ਬ, ᫨ ନ ᯮ  室  ⥬, १-
⮬ 祣   㤠 ⮪ ॣ樨,   ண-
ࠬ ॣ樨  ஢ ନ ᫥  ।-
 ᫠ ⮪.  ࠧ, ᫨ 짮⥫ -
 ॣ஢  ,     ᪮쪮  ࠧ  
㤠,   짮⥫᪨       ஢.
஢ ⮢  ନ   ⢫ 
    ,   ⥬  ᭨ ஢-
. ନ  짮⥫᪨    ஢-
   ⪥  ஭  ⥬.  ⢥騥 -
஫  ᮤঠ  ଠ ,     ⠪
䨪 짮⥫᪮   ନ.

Process ID: 517        Date/Time: Wed Mar   2   8:30:04 1988
Event type: System administrator activity
                                 (  ⥬)
Action: User account locked by system administrator
  (짮⥫᪨  ஢ ஬ ⥬)
Username: root                           ( 짮⥫: ...)

            㭮 5-15. 室  ஢
                   짮⥫᪮ 

     ஡  ⥬ ஫

      ਢ ᠭ 権,    ஡-
, 易  ஫.

     ࠭⢮  ᪥

     ⥬ ஫  ᣥ஢ 讥 ᫮ -
஫ ᥩ.     筮 쪨,   -
 ॡ 祭 . ⮬  ⨢ ࠢ-
 ⥬ ᫥ ᮡ ஦.  ஫쭠  -
ଠ   ࠢ   ᪨,    筮
㯭 ࠭⢠.   ⥬  ஥  -
 ,   뤠 ।०,   ன⢥
஫ ⠥  .  ᫨    ࠢ  
ꥬ ⠢襣  ࠭⢠  ᪥ ⠭  -
ண ண 祭,  ⥬ ⠥ ४
  ⠫ ஫. ⮬ ୠ⨢ ⠫ -
஫ ᫥ ࠧ  㣨 䠩 ⥬.  -
⥬ ⠫   訡 -뢮,   ⠥ -
 ஫   ⠫  ᯨ᪠.
.
                            - 5-45 -

     ⠫ ᡮ ⥬

      設⢥ ⥬ ࠭     ந室  ⠫
ᡮ,    ᨫ  ᯥ祭 ⮩稢.  ⠪
砥      ஫쭮 ୠ
-  ᮣᮢ  ਧ  室  ᥩ  -
 ਯ⮢ 䠩. ⥬ ஫   -
,  ⮡  ᯮ짮  ᨭ஭ -뢮  ⠪
 権,   ஢,  ਯ஢䠩-
  ⠫.    ࠭⨨,     
  .   ᮡ  ᠥ 砥,   ᡮ
 ᪥ 뢠 ⠫ ᡮ ⥬.
     ᫥ १㧪 ,    ⭮,  -
 ०  䠩 ⥬  䠩 ஫쭮 ୠ-
.      㣮 롮,  ஬   㤠
䠩 ஫      ஡.     ஬
஫ ୠ,   ࠭  ஡  ⠭-
 䠩 ⥬ ᫥  襭.

     饭 ⥬

     ⥬ ஫  ⮩稢.  ࠡ뢠-
 訡 -뢮,   ४ 䠩 ᡮ  
 㯫⭥  䠩   ⠫.    ᠬ ந室,
 ॡ ⠭  砥, ᫨  䠩 ⥬
⠥ ᫨誮  ᢮ ࠭⢠.  뢠 樨,
 ⥬   ﭨ த ࠡ. ᫨ 祭
᪮ ⥫   䠩 ⥬  ⠫ , -
⥬ ४頥 ࠡ  뤠 ᮮ饭  ⮬   ⥬-
 ᮫.  ᫮ ਩ ४饭 ਢ  -
 ᮮ饭  ᮫,    ண   ।
஡. ᫨    ⥬ ஡,  ᨬ-
 筮  ᢮ ⮫쪮  ஫.    ஡-
,     㤠  ᫥饬 -
 䠩 ࠬ஢ ஫, 易  㡫஢ ᮧ-
 ᨩ.     祭 ஫ ᮧ 
.  । ୠ 䠩  ᥬ  㯫⭥-
묨 䠩, ᣥ஢묨  ਮ ஫.  ᭠-
 㭨쭮 ⪮ - ஬ ᨨ,  ⮡      뫮
 ஢  ᯮ짮 ⨫⠬ ⥬,  -
 㦥   䠩;  ⨫    ࠡ    
 䠩,    ࠬ ᨩ. ᫨ ᪠ ⠢
ᨨ  設,  䠩 ࠬ஢  ⠪ ࠧ,
  ᨨ ⥬ 뢠,    १ 
 ।ਭ ⪠ ᮧ 䠩 ஫  ⥬   ,
    ।饩 ᨨ.   ⠪ 砥   
 ᥭ  娢  㤠    ணࠬ  䥩
  ஫.

     ନ ஫

      ᡮ  ஫ (audit collection file)  - 䠩,
    ࠩ஬ ன⢠ ⥬ -
;    ᮤন ࠡ⠭  ஫,  祭 
ᥢ 筨 ஫  ⥬ - ⥬  맮,
 ਪ ணࠬ, ਧ ⥬.
.
                            - 5-46 -

     ⭥ 䠩  ஫ (audit compaction file)  - 䠩,
뢠  ஫;  ᮤন  ,   -
⠭   ࠩ ன⢠ ஫.      -
⭥  㯫⭥ ଠ,    ᨬ    権,
࠭  ᪥ ᨨ ஫.
      ஫ (audit daemon)  - -,  騩
 室 ⥬  짮⥫᪮ ﭨ.  -
 ஫   ன⢠ ⥬ ஫, 㯫-
     뢠   ﭭ 㯫⭥ 䠩 
᫥饩 ।樨.  ⠪ 㯠  ஫ ணࠬ -
䥩,     饭  ⥬ 
஫   ன⢮ ஫.
      ஫ (audit session) - ਮ ६  -
 ஫   몫祭.   祭 ⮣ ६  
஫ ࠭  㯫⭥ 䠩, 㤠   -
.   ᭠ 㭨 ஬,   䠩,
騩  ᨨ, ᮤন  㭨 䨪
 ᢮ .    ᨨ   䠩, ᮡ騩
ଠ  ᨨ   䠩 ᨨ  ᫥饩 ।-
樨.
     ⥬ ஫ (audit subsystem)  ⮨  -
⮢, ᯥ稢  ࢨ ஫.   室 ࠩ-
 ன⢠ ஫, 堭 ஫ ,  ஫,
䥩  ஫  ணࠬ ।樨 ஫.
     ஫ ୠ (audit trail) - ᮢ㯭 ஫
ᥩ  ᨨ ஫,    ।஢  
 ࠡ ⥬.
      ஫ (audit reduction)  - ८ࠧ -
ࠡ⠭   ஫쭮 ୠ  室 , -
ঠ騥 , 䨪 짮⥫,  䠩  ⨯
ᮡ⨩. 室   뢠 ஫㥬 ᮡ⨥  -
⠡쭮 ⥪⮢ .
     configaudit - ਧ ,    ⠭-
 ࠬ ஫   짮⥫ ⥬.
     ᪠ ࠢ  ᮡﬨ  (event control mask)  - ᪠,
।塞  ন   짮⥫    -
饭   ஫.   ᪠ 㪠뢠,   -
⥫᪠ ᪠ ᮡ⨩ ਮ   ࠢ    ⥬
᪮ ᮡ⨩,  ਭ  㬮砭,  祭 -
.   ⠭  ᪨ ࠢ ᮡﬨ ।-
 ਮ ᪨ ᯮ樨 ᮡ⨩.
     ᪠ ᯮ樨 ᮡ⨩ (event disposition mask) - ।-
塞 짮⥫ ᪠, ਬ塞  ⠭  ᪮ -
ࠢ ᮡﬨ   ࠢ  짮⥫᪨  ᮡﬨ
஫. ᫨  짮⥫᪮ ᪥ ࠢ ᮡﬨ -
⠭ - ,  ᮮ⢥騩  ᪨ ᯮ-
樨 ᮡ⨩ 㤥 ।,     ᮡ⨥ ஫-

    Filesystems ->
ᨬ   祭 ⥬ ᪨ ᮡ⨩,  ਭ 
㬮砭.
.
                            - 5-47 -

      ᮡ (event type)  - 䨪    -
஫쭮 .      ⥬,  易  ᥪ⭮,
  । ⨯,    ᯮ짮-
  ࠢ 樥 ஫  ।樥.  -
⥬ ⢨,  ᯥ譮  㤠筮,   ⭥  -
஬ ⨯  ᮡ.     ⨯ ᮡ ⥬ 㤥 ।
ᯮ .
     ꥪ (object) -  ,    ꥪ (-
ਬ, 䠩, ࠧ塞 ᥣ , ᥬ,  -
, । ᮮ饭).
     -롮ઠ (post-selection)  -  롮筮  ᯮ짮
ᮡ࠭   ஫.   -롮ઠ  砥 ᡮ 
஫  ᥬ ᮡ  짮⥫,  ⠪  ଠ 
஫쭮 ୠ 뢠 ᨬ쭮 .   ᮡ-
⨥, 易  ᥪ⭮,    ᨨ    㯫-
 䠩 ஫쭮 ୠ.
     ।⥫쭠 롮ઠ (pre-selection)   ᯮ  
ࠢ 롮筮  樥 ஫ ᥩ.   
 । 짮⥫   ᮡ  ஢
஫ ,  뢠 ⠫ ᥩ.  १-
 砥   ஫ ୠ,   訬
஡ﬨ, 祬   ஫.
      롮ન (selection files)    १  -
⨢ 䥩      ࠢ  롮筮  ।樥
ᨩ ஫.  ਨ 롮ન । ⡮  짮-
, ꥪ⮢  ᮡ⨩  室 ᥩ.
     ꥪ (subject)  - ⨢ , 믮騩 ⢨
 ꥪ⠬, - ਬ,    ⥬, ⢫騩 -
  䠩.
     suspendaudit -  ਧ ,  ਮ⠭ -
஫.
     ⥬ ᪠  ஫  (system audit mask)  - ⥬
᪠ ᮡ⨩,  ਭ  㬮砭; ᯮ  -
,  ᮡ  ஫  砥,  짮-
⥫᪠ ᪠   ਮ.
     짮⥫᪠ ᪠  ஫ (user audit mask)  - 饥
 ᮪ ࠢ ᮡﬨ  ᯮ樨 ᮡ⨩,  -
   ⥬ ᪮,  ਭ⮩  㬮砭, ࠢ
樥 ஫ ᥩ   .
     writeaudit - ਧ ,    ᯥ-
 ଠ  ஫ ୠ.
.
                            - 5-48 -

        

       ⥬ 祭   䠩  -
,   ।⢠ , 騥  㣨 -
 UNIX.   ⥫쭮  ᭮ -
⥬.   ⠪ ⥩ - ⪠ ⮢ SGID  SUID 
  䠩 -  ᨢ  ⮬ ᫥,    ᢮
믮  ॡ  ⢨  襩 ஭,  .. 
஭  ⥬.  㣨   -
⨢묨, ..     ᯮ짮    ᯮ짮 
᢮ ᬮ७.   ⠪ ⨢ ⥩, 뢠-
 , ⭮ ᯥ樠쭮 ᯮ짮 sticky-  -
⠫  ᯮ짮 ஬.  饬 ࠧ ⠪ -
ᠭ ஢ 䠩  㣨 ⥬.

     ⪠ ⮢ SUID/SGID  sticky-  

     樮 ⥬ ᯥ稢  ⮢ SUID,  SGID
 sticky-  䠩,   ந . ⪠
믮   ⮣,   ⮡ । 饭 ணࠬ
SUID/SGID  ணࠬ, 饩 १⭮  .
      ᫥饬 ਬ   ⪠ :

     $ id
     uid=76(blf)  gid=11(guru)
     $ ls -l myprogram
     -rwsrwsrwt    1 root  bin    10240  Jan 11 22:45 myprogram
     $ cat sneakyprog > myprogram
     $ ls -l myprogram
     -rwxrwxrwx    1 root  bin    10240  Mar 18 14:18 myprogram
     $
     $ ls -l anotherprog
     -rws------    1 blf   guru   83706  Dec 15  1987 anotherprog
     $ strip anotherprog
     $ ls -l anotherprog
     -rwx------    1 blf   guru   17500  Mar 18 14:19 anotherprog
     $

      砩 ,   ⪠    ந室
   䠩,  ਭ騥 㣮 짮⥫.  ன
砩 뢠,   ⪠       䠩,
ਭ ⮬   짮⥫.     ,  
⪠ ந室  饭 䠩. ࠢ 業਩ -
⠭, ⮡  ᮮ⢥騥 ०.
       ,       sticky-  
짮⥫᪨ ணࠬ,   ,  짮⥫ 
४ ணࠬ    ⮬  䠩.      砩,
.
                            - 5-49 -

 ⥫쭠 ᥪ⭮    믮  㭪-
,  ⥬  ᫥,  ⮣, ⮡ -
   .
      SUID,   SGID   sticky  ⠫  .  
SUID  SGID   ᫮ 祭  ⠫,  -
 sticky-    ⠫ ॡ  ࠧ  ⢠.
 뢠 .

     Sticky-  ⠫

        ᮢ襭⢮  ᠥ  ᯮ짮
sticky-   ⠫.   ⠫  ⠭ sticky-⮬
砥,  㤠 䠩  ⮣ ⠫  ⮫쪮 -
 䠩   㯥-짮⥫.  㣨 짮⥫ 
ࠢ 㤠 䠩.  ⠭  sticky-    ⠫  
⮫쪮 㯥-짮⥫.   Sticky-  ⠫,   ⫨稥 
sticky- 䠩, ⠥  ⠫   ,  
⠫   㯥-짮⥫    㤠 ⠫   
ਬ   chmod(C)   chmod(S).  ,   
 㤠 sticky-,     ⠭.
         ⮩    ᨬ쭮
ᥪ⭮, ⨢  sticky-    騥 ⠫.   
⠫    짮⥫,  ⫨  -
. 짮⥫  ᭨,   sticky-,   
᪮ umask,  ࠢ 077 (祭,  ਭ  㬮砭),
 襭   ஡   ᥪ ⥬.  
     짮⥫    
䠩 饣 ⠫.  ⢥ ଠ,   -
   䠩, -     ਡ.
      ᫥饬 ਬ  䥪  ।⢠.

     $ id
     uid=76(blf)  gid=11(guru)
     $ ls -al /tmp
     total 64
     drwxrwxrwt    2 bin   bin     1088  Mar 18 21:10 .
     dr-xr-xr-x   19 bin   bin      608  Mar 18 11:50 ..
     -rw-------    1 blf   guru   19456  Mar 18 21:18 Ex16566
     -rw-------    1 blf   guru   10240  Mar 18 21:18 Rx16566
     -rwxr-xr-x    1 blf   guru   19587  Mar 17 19:41 mine
     -rw-------    1 blf   guru     279  Mar 17 19:41 mytemp
     -rw-rw-rw-    1 root  sys       35  Mar 16 12:27 openfile
     -rw-------    1 root  root      32  Mar 10 10:26 protfile
     $ rm /tmp/Ex16566
     rm: /tmp/Ex16566 not removed. Permission denied
                     ( ...  㤠. 襭 ⢥࣭)
     $ rm /tmp/protfile
     rm: /tmp/protfile not removed. Permission denied
     $ cat /tmp/openfile
          Ha! Ha!
     You can't remove me.     (-!     㤠)
     $ rm /tmp/openfile
.
                            - 5-50 -

     rm: /tmp/openfile not removed. Permission denied
     $ rm -f /tmp/openfile
     $ rm /tmp/mine mytemp
     $ ls -l /tmp
     drwxrwxrwt    2 bin   bin     1088  Mar 18 21:19 .
     dr-xr-xr-x   19 bin   bin      608  Mar 18 11:50 ..
     -rw-------    1 blf   guru   19456  Mar 18 21:18 Ex16566
     -rw-------    1 blf   guru   10240  Mar 18 21:18 Rx16566
     -rw-rw-rw-    1 root  sys       35  Mar 16 12:27 openfile
     -rw-------    1 root  root      32  Mar 10 10:26 protfile
     $ cp /dev/null /tmp/openfile
     $ cat /tmp/openfile
     $ cp /dev/null /tmp/protfile
     cp: cannot create /tmp/protfile   (cp   ᮧ 䠩)
     $ ls -l /tmp
     drwxrwxrwt    2 bin   bin     1088  Mar 18 21:19 .
     dr-xr-xr-x   19 bin   bin      608  Mar 18 11:50 ..
     -rw-------    1 blf   guru   19456  Mar 18 21:18 Ex16566
     -rw-------    1 blf   guru   10240  Mar 18 21:18 Rx16566
     -rw-rw-rw-    1 root  sys        0  Mar 18 21:19 openfile
     -rw-------    1 root  root      32  Mar 10 10:26 protfile
     $

     ⢥ 㤠 䠩 -    䠩,   ਭ騥
짮⥫ blf,  ⠪  㤠 ஢   짮-
⥫.   ᬮ 㤠  㣮 䠩,    㯭
䠩 /tmp/openfile.  祭 ० ᠬ 䠩 -
 blf ࠧ  ᮤন;  ⮬  祭  umask
室       .      ,   ०  䠩
/tmp/protfile    sticky-⮬ ⠫ /tmp   䠩
/tmp/protfile 㯭.
        ⠫ ᫥ ⠭ sticky-.  
⭮  ᫥騬 ⠫ (  ⮫쪮  ):
     *  /tmp
     *  /usr/tmp
     *  /usr/spool/uucppublic
     ᫨         ᮬ,   ࠧ    ⠭
sticky-  ⠫, 祬 ⠢  㫥.   -
 sticky- ⠫ ᫥饩  ( directory -
 ⠫):

        chmod u+t directory
.
                            - 5-51 -

     ஬

     ஬ -    ନ,    騩   饭   
(Protected Domain),   ⨢ ணࠬ SUID 砥 -
   ணࠬ.   ணࠬ SUID   ࠡ 
 ॢ  䠩,  ࠭ ⨢஬,  ᯥ稢
⢨⥫쭮 ஢ન  ,    ணࠬ
SUID, ⠪    ⨢.  ஡ ᠭ ⮩  
ਬࠬ ਬ ਢ  ࠧ promain(M) "ࠢ筨
짮⥫" (User's  Reference).   ஬ ⠪ 㦤 
ࠧ auths(C)  setauths(S).
     ஬ -  㬥,  ।祭  ᫥
ணࠬ SUID4;    饧稬  ᫠.     
     ।⠢,  ⮡  짮⥫ ⫠-
   ।.

     ஢ 

       䠩 ⥬,  ७ᥭ    ⥬  ,
।⠢ ஧  ⥬   ࠢ쭮 ࠡ  .  
⠫쭮   ࠧ 뢠 ।⢠, ᯮ-
  ஢ 䠩   ⥬.

     

      ਭ      ࠧ襭  㦮 䠩.  
 ⥬  ⮫쪮 䠩 /etc/passwd  /etc/group  ⫨
   䠩  㣨  ⥬,    ⥣  ࠧ
⥬  ⠭ ࠧ ०.   ᮮࠦ -
   뢠,   㥬 䠩  -
⥬묨 䠩.
     ⮡ ᢥ   ᢮ ⥫⢮   -
 ஢ 䠩,   㦭      짮⥫
⥬ 짮 ﬨ 娢 ணࠬ,   ⬥-
 ਭ 䠩.  ᨨ tar(C) ন
 -o,   㫨 ਭ 䠩  
㯯. 楬  䠩  ஢訩  짮-
⥫. ணࠬ  cpio(C)  ⮫쪮   䠩, ᫨ 
뢠 㯥-짮⥫.   饬 砥 娢  ணࠬ
뢠 ० 䠩, ⠭  ⠪,  ᠭ 
娢 ⥫.  ⮣,  䠩   ० 
訬 ࠧ襭ﬨ,  祬  室,     -
 ⠭묨  SUID, SGID  sticky.   -
樨 ॢ ஡  ᥪ⭮.
     ⮡ ᢥ   䥪 娢 ࠧ襭, ᯮ-
   娢  樨,   ⮫쪮 ஢ ᮤঠ,
祣  .  ਬ,  -tv 㭪樨 tar   -tv
㭪樨 cpio  㢨 ० 䠩    -
   䥪⠬   祭  䠩.   
㯫   ⠫  ᭠砫 ᫥ ஢
.
                            - 5-52 -

䠩  ,  㯭 稬 짮⥫. ⥬ -
 ७ 䠩,  ।⥫쭮 ࠢ  楢
 ०  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⥣ 襩 ⥬.

      ⥬

      ஢ 䠩 ⥬,  ᮧ   ࠡ-
  㣮 ,      ஡,  
㪠   ஢ 䠩.    䠩  ⥬
   ⥫ ஡.  ࢠ: 䠩 ⥬
  祭.  :  ࠧ襭  䠩   䠩
⥬   ਥ  襩 ⥬.
      ⥬, ७ᥭ  㣮 ,  -
 祭.    ४  ।-
  㣮 ⨯ ⥬.       ஢
䥪⭮ 䠩 ⥬   맢    ⥬  ⠫
ᡮ, 쭥     ஢ 䠩 ⥬
 ० 㣨 䠩 ⥬ -   䥪⮢.
 ⮬   mount(ADM)  १ࢨ஢    㯥-
짮⥫. ணࠬ fsck(ADM) ᫥ 믮   䠩-
 ⥬   ஢.  ᫨ 䠩 ⥬ ᮤ-
 ⥬ , ᫥ ⠪ 믮 ணࠬ System->
Software->Permissions.
     ஢ 䠩  ⥬    ᮤঠ 䠩 
ࠧ襭ﬨ,  ᮮ⢥騬 襩 ⥬.   -
,   㯥-짮⥫ ஢ 䠩 ⥬ -
⠭  楢,  sticky-,  ᯥ樠 䠩, 
SUID/SGID  樨 ॢ 䠩, ᮢ⨬  ⥣-
 襩 ⥬. 樠 䠩   楢  -
,      ࠧ.  ணࠬ  ⠬ SUID,
SGID  sticky, ⠭묨  㣮 ,  ᬮ-
, ⠪   ࠡ  襩 ⥬   맢 ஡ 
ᥪ⭮.
        ᯮ짮  樥  -s  ncheck(ADM),
⮡   ஡ 䠩  ஢. -
 ⥬,    䠩,  । ஢ ᫥ ᬮ-
.  䠩 ⥬     訬  -
ࠢ,   ᬮ஢     筮 ⠫,  ⮡ 
  ᬮ 䠩 ⥬ ।  ஢-
  饬 .  ஢ ࣠ 䠩, 楢
 ० 䠩   ᯮ짮 䠩 ⥬.
.
                            - 5-53 -

     ஢ 

     ।ᬮ७ ⥫쭠        ணࠬ
ᯥ祭 ஢  -  crypt(C).    ।⢮
ᠭ    "ᯮ짮  ⥬"  "㪮⢥
짮⥫" (User's Guide).

     砭
     ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ஢      祭 
ਡ,  㯭   ⮫쪮  ।  .   
   ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ᢮  
⠢騪.

     ⠭  GID ⠫

      㬮砭 䨪 㯯 (GID)  ⮫쪮  ᮧ-
 䠩  ⠭ ࠢ GID ᮧ襣 /-
⥫.  ࠢ  ,  ⠭  GID  -
. ⠭  GID  ⠫ ਢ  ⮬,    䠩
㤥  GID ⮣ ⠫. ⮡ ⠭  GID  -
,  ᫥  ( directory -  ⠫):

        chmod g+s directory
.
                            - 5-54 -

       

     ⮨ ਢ    冷  ⥬,  
⠫ ,  ࠧ  ⮨ ᮯ஢ 
⥬.   ⥬,   ᯮ짮 ᪮쪮
楤  ஫ 楫⭮ 譥  ࠭  ᥪ⭮.
ணࠬ ஫  楫⭮    ⥭䨪樨,
楫⭮ ⥬   䠩  ⥬    楫⭮
䠩 ⥬  楫.

     /etc/fsck

      ⥬,   ᮤঠ騥  ⢨⥫ 䠩,  ᠬ
 ᬠਢ  ⢨⥫ ꥪ.  , 楫-
 䠩 ⥬, ᯥ稢 ணࠬ fsck, 蠥
 ᭮ ⥬.
     ணࠬ fsck ᫥ 믮 ᫥ ⠫쭮 ᡮ -
⥬  ਩ ४饭.   筮,  । 믮
fsck 㡥,    䠩 ⥬ "஦" (quiescent).
 ⠫쭮 ᡮ ⥬  짮⥫᪨, ⥬
 ஫  䠩    室   ஥.
     , ணࠬ fsck  -
      䠩  ⠫ 1lost+found3 䠩
⥬ ,  ࠩ , ࠭ ᭮ ஡  䠩-
 ⥬.
      믮 fsck ᤥ ᫥騩 롮  sysadmsh:

     Filesystems->Check

  䠩 ⥬,  㦭 ஢.

     ஫ ୠ

        ஫쭮 ୠ.    筨 -
ଠ樨   ᫥  ⥬ ஡.  讥 祭
  ⮫쪮 ॣ஢   ᮡ 饭 -
⥬,  ⥬    ⥭䨪樨, 
  ᭮ ⥬ ᮡ,       ᫥
  ᫥ ⥬ ஡.
.
                            - 5-55 -

     冷 ஢ப ᫥ ⠫쭮 ᡮ ⥬

     ᭮ ࠢ ⮨  ⮬, ⮡ 믮  ࠡ,
稭  ᠬ  ⮢ 䠩 ⥬.   ⨢-
 砥 ࠢ, ᨬ   ᮪ ஢, 
 㭨⮦ ணࠬ, ࠢ騬  ஢.  -
⮬ ⮣  ᫥  ᯮ짮  ணࠬ,  ᠭ  
ࠧ, ᫥ ⠫쭮 ᡮ ⥬  -  
᫥饬 浪:
     1. 믮 ஢ન 䠩 ⥬.
     2. ⠢ ஫쭮 .
     3. ஢ઠ ᮢ⨬   ⥭䨪樨.
     4. ஢ઠ ࠧ襭  ⥬ 䠩.
      ணࠬ ᫥ 믮,   ⥬  "஦-
".   ⮣  㦭  ࠡ    짮⥫᪮ ஢
(஢ 믮 Single-user,  S),  ᠭ  init(M).

     饭  

        ࠭ ࠪ⨪ ᠬ  ⥬,
 짮⥫,  ஢  ⥬, ⠪  ᫨-
⥫쭠 ⠭  ஫஢ ᢮ ࠬ ᥪ⭮-
.     ࠧ饭  ⥬   -
஬. ଠ  䠩 ᠭ  ࠧ authcap(F) "ࠢ筨
짮⥫" (User's Reference).

     砭
     饭     ᫥ ।஢ -
.   ⥬ ⨫  롮 sysadmsh(ADM)  ᮯ-
  뢮 ଠ,  ᮤঠ   .   
᫥  ஢  - 㣨 ᯮᮡ.

        ஫    । ன
 ᨬ묨  . ⠫  , -
ᠭ  (  饭 ஫,    ࠢ-
 ନ,    ⥬    ࠢ-
 䠩)     饥    ⥭䨪樨.
 室    ⥭䨪樨,  饣
ਧ auth.   ᫥ ⪮ ᠭ   
 .
.
                            - 5-56 -

஫          ஫  ࠢ ࠡ⮩  ⥬
                ஫.  室 ⨯ ⨢, ॣ-
                㥬 ⥬  ஫쭮 ୠ,  ਡ
                ந⥫쭮/ ⥬ -
                ,  ⠪ ன⢠ 䠩 ⥬,   -
                 ᮡ  ஫.  ࠬ-
                , ࠭騥    ஫, -
                 ஫   ந ⥬ -
                ஫  ᮮ⢥⢨  ॡﬨ  ᫨⥫-
                 ⠭  ந⥫쭮  ᥪ⭮-
                .
।     । ன ࠭ 
 ன      ⥩, ᮮ⢥   ⥬  䨧᪨
                ன⢠. ਬ, /dev/ttya  /dev/ttyA -
                      ਩ ,  -
                ⢥⢥  ⪫祭  祭 ࠢ-
                 .           ᯮ
                init(M)  getty(M),  ⮡ ९⢮ -
                     室  ⥬,  -
                ᠭ .
饭        饭 ஫ ࠭ ଠ
 ஫          ᥪ⭮   짮⥫.   짮-
                ⥫᪮ ப ᮤন  ஢  -
                ஫ (    䨣  ॣ୮
                  ஫ /etc/passwd)   -
                ஫, ਧ  짮⥫   짮⥫-
                ᪨ ࠬ ஫.  ࠢ쭮 ନ-
                 ⮩     ⥭-
                樨 ஫,  짮⥫ -
                  ⥭  ⥬,   -
                ⨬ ⨯ ਢ஢ 짮⥫,  
                  ꥬ 짮⥫᪨ ⢨ ॣ-
                  ஫쭮 ୠ.   -
                ⥬ ࠬ஢,    ਭ  㬮砭 (
                ᮤন ⥬   ࠬ  ᥪ⭮,
                ਭ    㬮砭)  ᬠਢ 
                   饭 ஫.
ନ         ⥬ १ ନ  ஫
                  ࠢ ନ.     
                 ॣ 室  ⥬ १ 
                ᮥ ନ (᫥ 짮⥫,
                襤訩  ⥬  襤訩  ,  ६-
                 ⬥⪨  ..).   ࠢ -
                   ⥭䨪樨
                ⠭ ࠧ ⥣  ࠧ ନ-
                ,  ᨬ  䨧᪨  -
                ⨢ ॡ⥩ ᫨⥫쭮 ⠭.
⥬        ⥬  ࠭ ᯨ᮪ 짮-
                ,   ᯥ樠 ਢ   -
                  㭪権  ⥬,
.
                            - 5-57 -

                 ᯥ樠 㭪権  饭  -
                .    -     -
                 ⥭䨪樨.   蠥  뢠
                ⨢ ⢨,  ⮫쪮 -
                 짮⥫ 믮 ணࠬ  ᮯ-
                ஢ ७  ⥬.   ᭮
                蠥   ஫,    ࠧ-
                  믮 ணࠬ ᮯ஢ -
                ⥬,   ॠ 짮⥫,  
                ⨢묨 ஫ﬨ.
ࠢ        ࠢ 䠩   -
 䠩         楫⭮   ᫨⥫쭮 
                (TCB).  ⮣     ᮤন 
                ਡ  䠩,    ࠡ TCB.
                      䥪⨢ ।⢮
                㦥 䨪権  ⨢      TCB.
                ணࠬ   ⥬ integrity(ADM)
                ஢ ࠧ襭  䠩  TCB   ⭮⥫쭮
                ⮩  .

     ஢ઠ   ⥭䨪樨

      ஢ન  ᮢ⨬    ⥭䨪樨 -
 ணࠬ authck(ADM).   ᪮쪮 権, -
࠭稢   ஢ન.     ஢ન  -
짮 䫠 -a - ,   믮 ணࠬ  authck
 crontab  at.    ଠ ਢ  ᠭ
authck(ADM).

     ஢ઠ 楫⭮ ⥬

     ணࠬ integrity(ADM)  ࠢ     
ࠢ 䠩   㠫묨 ࠧ襭ﬨ 䠩  ⥬.
(  ⮩ ணࠬ ஫ ਧ樥  ⥬
sysadmin,   ᥣ 믮  㯥-짮⥫.)  -
 䠩,  騥  ࠧ襭,  祬 㪠   
 ࠢ  䠩.     㦥  訡 ஢
䠩, ⮡ ।:
       /㯯/० 㠫쭮 䠩?
      । ࠧ襭  䠩?  (ᯮ -
樥 -e  integrity.)
.
                            - 5-58 -

      뫠  ந  ᫥  䨪  ᫥
  䠩?
      ⢮  ⥬   ?
      ᮤন  ஫쭮 ୠ  ⨬ ⠬?
      稭 宦, ⠭ ࠢ ࠧ襭
 䠩   楤 ⪨.      䠩-
, 㯮   ,  ᭮ 믮 ணࠬ integrity,
⮡ ⠭ ⮢୮ ࠧ襭.
      -e ணࠬ integrity  筮 ᭥ 稭
(稭) 訡.   -m 砥   ⮫쪮 䠩, ᮤ-
騥     ,     ⥬.    ⠫쭮
ᡮ ⥬  ஭ १    -
⥬ 䠩. ணࠬ integrity 㦨   ।. -
⨬,    ਡ ⤥ 䠩  筮  -
. ⮡ ,   ⥬, ᯮ -


     integrity -m

᪮ ᫥ ⮣,    ⥬ ⠭  ࠡᯮᮡ-
. ᫥ ⮣ ⮫쪮 ⥫ 䠩,   ᮮ頥-
  ଠ쭮 ࠡ,  ।⠢ .
      -v  ணࠬ integrity 뢠 ᯥ ன
⥫쭮 ଠ樨,     䠩,   襤
஢ 楫⭮.    祭 让 뢮.
      訡, 㦥  ஢થ 楫⭮, ଫ-
     ஫ ᥩ,  ᮮ⢥ ᮡ 
  ஫쭮 ୠ.
.
                            - 5-59 -

       ,   

       ࠧ ਢ 祭 ஡   ᮮ饭  
訡,    .   ஡ 㦤
 ᮮ⢥饬 ⥪,  饬  稭  
樨,  襭 ஡  ᯮᮡ ।饭  -
୮ .

     饭  訡 ॣ樨  ⥬

      ॣ樥  ⥬ 易 ᪮쪮 ᮮ饭, -
 ਢ ,  㪠 ,  ᫥ ।ਭ.

Login incorrect.                       (४⭠ ॣ)
     짮⥫ ࠢ쭮  ᢮ ॣ樮   
     ஫. ᫨  ᮮ饭 , , , -
       ஫,  ⮡  짮⥫ 
     ॣ஢ ᭮.

Account is disabled - see Authentification Administrator.
  ( ⪫祭 -    ⥭䨪樨)
      ஢    ᫥  稭.
     1.  ஢   १  롮  Accounts->
        User->Examine:Logins  sysadmsh.  ᫨   -
         , ᯮ   롮, ⮡ ࠧ-
        ஢ .
     2. 訫  横 ஫ ⮣ .   ஫
             祭   横.
        ⮡ ⠭ ࠡᯮᮡ ,  
         ஫    横. ४
        짮⥫  ஫    襭  
        横.
     3. 뫮 ।ਭ ᪮쪮 㤠 ⮪  㯠  
        , ᫮  ॢᨫ ண 祭, -
        ⠭   ஢.   ⪨   -
          ࠧ ନ. । ⠭ -
         ४  ।  稭  ஢.   
           ⮬,   짮⥫ 㬥 ࠡ-
        ⠥  ன,  - ⥫ ⠪ ᯮᮡ -
        ஢ ,      ⢨⥫쭮 뫠 ⪠
        ஭  .  ,  ,  㬥-
          㢥 ண 祭,   ᨬ 
        ᠬ 짮⥫ ⥬,   業      
        㯭 ⥬  ஭.
.
                                - 5-60 -

Terminal is disabled - see Authentification Administrator.
 (ନ ⪫祭 -    ⥭䨪樨)
     ନ ஢      짮⥫.    
     ஢ ,      ⥭䨪樨
     ஢     sysadmsh,   ᫮ -
     ४ ⮪ ॣ樨 (   ᪮쪨  -
     ) ॢᨫ ண 祭, ⠭  -
      ନ.     ᫥ ᭨,  -
     ,  ⥬   sysadmsh  ஢.

Account is disabled but console login is allowed.
     
Terminal is disabled but root login is allowed.
       ( ⪫祭,  ࠧ襭 ॣ  ᮫; 
        ନ ⪫祭,  ࠧ襭 ॣ  root)
      ᮮ饭 易  ⪠ 㯥-짮⥫  -
     ஢  ᮫.  ।,  ன⢮ -
     ᮫ ( ⮬ ᫥ ਩ ᮫)     ᯥ樠
     ன⢮,   䨧᪨  㦨騬 -
     , ।ᬮ७,  ஢  㯥-짮-
       蠥  ॣ஢  ᮫.   ⮬ -
     ⮨ ᯮᮡ 室  ⥬,     ⠫  
      ନ ஢.  । ⥬,  த -
     ,  稭  ஢,   ᯮ  ஫
     ୠ. ஢,  맢 㤠묨 ⪠ ॣ-
     樨  ⥬ ᮫, ᭨ ⮬᪨,  -
     ஢, 맢  㣨 稭, .  魮-
     , ᮫     㯥-짮⥫.

     ᫮ 訡 ஫

     ஡: ⥬    ⢫ ஫,  
᮫쭮 ᮮ饭 㪠뢠,  ஫ ४饭 - -
ࠢ塞 訡 -뢮.
      筮  砥,   祭 䠩 ⥬,  
       ⪠   䠩  ᡮ    ஫,
       㤠 - 墠⪨    訡  -
     -뢮.    ᪠ ⠭  ਢ
       ४饭 ஫.

Audit: file system is getting full
                    (஫: 䠩 ⥬  )
     ⥬ ஫    뤠 ⠪ ।०-
     ,  ꥬ 䠩 ⥬ ஫ ⨣  -
     ண ண 祭.  ᮮ饭 㪠뢠, 
      ன⢥ ⠫  . ᫨  ⥬ 뫨
     । ⥫  ⠫,   ⮬᪨ -
     ४砥  ,   䠩 ⥬ ⨣ -
     ண 祭  ⠢襣 ᢮ ࠭⢠. 
     ⨢ 砥  ()    㢥-
      ꥬ  㯭  ࠭⢠.   ஫ 
     ⨦ ண 祭 ४頥.  ⮩  -
     稭  ४  ணࠬ   ஫ auditd.
.
                              - 5-61 -

      ४頥,  ᫨    㯫⭥  䠩
     - 墠⪨   訡 -뢮.   -
      System->Audit->Disable  sysadmsh ४ ஫,
     ᫨    ᤥ. ஠ 稭 ஡ 
      襭, ० 祬  ஫.

Authentication database contains an inconsistency
                  (ᮢ⨬    ⥭䨪樨)
      ᮮ饭    믮   ணࠬ,
     易  TCB   饭 ⥬.   ᮬ
     뢠 楫⭮   ⥭䨪樨.  -
       ⮨    饭 ஫,   
      ࠢ ନ,    ࠢ 䠩-
     ,   ࠢ ,     -
     饭 ⥬  䠩 ⥬ ࠬ஢,  ਭ
      㬮砭; ᮮ饭 ⭮  ᥬ ⨬ ⠬.
           ,   -
     ४ ꥪ  ஬ .     ᮮ饭
      ।  ࠪ,     ᤥ  ७.
      짮⥫  ஡ 㦤,  筮
     ଠ樨  稭 訡   , ⮡  -
     ⥫  ᫥  ஡  楫⭮  
     ࠭ ᥪ⭮. ⢨⥫쭠 稭 ஡ 
      㦥  ஫쭮 ୠ, ᫨  짮-
     , ᣥ஢襣 ᮮ饭,  뫠 ࠧ襭 ॣ
     ᮡ⨩  .

     ஡ ਧ樨

You do not have authorization to run ... .
                       (   ਧ樨  믮 ...)
         饭 ⥬.   
     ⮩ ⥬  ⥭䨪樨    -
     ਧ ,  室   믮  ⮩  
     / 易   .  ⥭䨪樨,
     ᯮ 롮  Accounts->User->Examine->Authorizations  
     sysadmsh, ।⠢  ⠪ ਧ  ⪠뢠 
     .

     ஡: 믮塞     㦭   -
 ଠ樨,      믮 - ⢨.
 ,    ,    
.
         饭 ⥬.   
     襭 㯠   ,     ᯮ짮-
        樨  㢨  .     㯮-
     ⮬ 砥,  ⥭䨪樨  ।-
     ⠢ ⥫ ਧ樨.
.
                              - 5-62 -

         

     ᪮ 樮 ⥬  ।⢠  -
  襭 뢠,  䨪樨  ⥭䨪-
樨  㬥襭 ਢ,   ⥬ ᮧ
 ᮯ஢ , 믮   䮭 ᮢ.
  ࠧ ⬥祭  ।⢠,   ࠣ -
⥬ ,     ਢ ਬ 楤  ணࠬ
,  室   ⮣, ⮡  -
    ⥬  ࠢ쭮  믮. -
 ⮬  ᪠  ᮮ⢥饩 䨪樥 
ਢﬨ,   ⠫  ஡   ࠡ
⥬ - । ᥪ⭮,  ࠢ쭮 ࠡ뢠 -
 ᫮  ᡮ 樨.
     ਭ樯 뢠  樮 ⥬ ,  
     ᭠ ﭭ 䨪஬ -
ॣ樮 䨪஬ 짮⥫ (LUID).  ⢥-
 ᪫祭  ⮣ ࠢ ⠢ ,  -
 ⠢ 䨪  ,       ணࠬ
init(M), login(M)   cron(M).   ⨫  ⠢-
 ᢮ LUID (ਬ,  auditd(ADM)),   ,    
LUID   ⠢   믮 (ਬ,  lpsched(ADM)).
⥬ 맮 setuid(S)   setgid(S)  稢 㤠筮,
᫨ LUID  ⠭.
         ᯥ ।⠢  LUID
   ,  ᫨    ⥬ 䠩
᪠ (/tcb/files/rc?.d/*). ࠢ쭠 楤 砥 
⠭ 䠩 /etc/passwd  /etc/group  騬 -
 ᥢ-짮⥫  㯯,   ⠪     
饭 ஫   .  ᫨   -
⮢  業 ᪠,     ப (.  ),
 믮 ணࠬ  su(C),  ⠪ ⮡ 䨪
 뫠 ⠭ ࠢ쭮.     楤,  
믮     ஬     ࠤ樮
業ਥ ᪠.  ਬ,  ன⢠ 筮 
lpsched    ᫥饩 ப:

        /tcb/bin/su - lp -c /usr/lib/lpsched > /dev/null 2>&1

ணࠬ su      ⠭  LUID   
砥, ᫨    ⠭.
     ⨬,   ⠭ 뢮  ⠭⭠ 訡  -
  뫨 ७祭  䨪⨢  ன⢮.   
樮 ⥬  ,  㤭 -
ࠡ ᮫쭮 뢮  ,    ᮮ⢥⢥
஢ 뢮  .     ନ쭮 ன⢠
  뤠  ⥬ 맮 stopio(S),  
 ⮣,   ⮡ ⥬ 䨪樨  ⥭䨪樨 뫮
 ।   室  ⥬.    짮-
.
                            - 5-63 -

⥫ 室  ⥬,   getty,  ஦  
 ନ,  뢠 stopio     ନ쭮  -
ன⢠  ⢥ 㬥.   ,     -
ன⢮ , 㭨⮦ (ᨣ SIGHUP), ᫨  
    ன⢮.  ,  믮騥    
᮫,    ᨣ,  ᫨ 室  ⥬ ந襫
 ᮫  ਮ  ᪮    뢮.  
設⢮   SIGHUP, 뢮  ᮮ饭 
. ⮬   ७ 뢮      䠩,
᫨  㦭 ࠭,    䨪⨢ ன⢮,   -
襬 ਬ.
       樮 ⥬ 믮,   -
ਧ権 ,   ࠢ ᮡ묨 ࠢ    
। ਢ஢  ⥬  ⢨.  ᫨ 
 믮 ⢨, ॡ饥    ⠪ -
,         ⠭ ⠪ ࠧ,
⮡    ⠪  ਢﬨ.   ਧ樨
 뢠   㭪 "ਧ樨" ࠧ "।⢠ -
祭 ᭮ ⥬"  . ᫨  믮
㣨 ணࠬ SUID,    ਧ樥 execsuid,
  믮 ணࠬ  㯠  䠩  ⥪饣  -
 ᪠ (஡ . promain(M)) - ਧ樥 nopromain.
᫨  ᮧ 䠩  ⮬ SUID,    -
 chmodsugid.  ᫨  ᯮ chown, ⮡ ⤠ 䠩-
,    ਧ chown.  ,   -
⠭   TCB,    믮  - -
ਧ樥 ஫ (audit). ⠫ ਧ樨 ।祭
 ᮡ 砥    뤠 ,   ਭ-
騬 TCB.
     , ,  ᫥,      ࠡ -
, -   ᥬ⨪, 易  sticky-⠫. ᫨
० ⠫  砥  ࠭ ⥪ (sticky-),  
⮫쪮  䠩  㤠   ⮣ ⠫. -
, 㫨騥 ६묨 ⠫,   ࠡ -
쭮, ᫨ 䠩,    (  ⠫) 㤠,
 ᠬ     㤠.
      ⮩ 樨    ᯮᮡ.  砫 㤠-
 sticky- ⠫.   ஡  ,  -
⥫ ᫥ ।   ⭮   ᥪ-
⭮, ᫨  ⠪ ⠫ 㤥 ᯮ짮  ࠭
६ 䠩. 㣮 ᯮᮡ ⮨  ⮬, ⮡ -
   ᮮ⢥  ணࠬ  㬥-
樨 ᮣ᭮  ᫮ ᮢ⭮ ᯮ짮 䠩.  
⮩ ன  樨 ।,    㯥 室
       , 室  䨪-
樨 ਪ ணࠬ.
      ⥫쭮 ᬮ ணࠬ      
㡥,   믮 ࠢ쭮  ᭮. ० 祬
।⠢   饥 짮,     㦭  ⥫쭮
஢  ࠢ塞 ।  ஢,  ࠢ쭮  
ࠡ⠥.   ஡  ᥪ⭮ 㤥   -
⥬,   ⥬  ਧ  짮⥫,  
ᯮ짮    । १.
                                 .
                            - 5-64 -

          

      砥 室    ᯥ樠 
஫ (dial-in passwords)  ࠭  tty,  -
  짮⥫ﬨ । ᮢ.  ଠ  -
樨    ⥬,   ⮬ ᫥ ६ ᫥ ᮥ,
 ࠭  ᫥饣 ᯮ짮.
      㥬 ,  ॡ騥  ஫,
।  䠩 /etc/dialups.   ଠ -   ன-
⢠ tty   ; ਬ:

        /dev/tty1A
        /dev/tty5C

     㠫  ஫ 室  䠩  /etc/d_passwd.
ଠ  ⠪ ஫  -   ,     ᯮ㥬    䠩
/etc/passwd. ࢮ  (" 짮⥫")   /etc/d_passwd -
 ᠬ      짮⥫,    ணࠬ 
 (ਬ,  /bin/sh),  ᯮ짮   /etc/passwd.
᫨    ॣ樨 짮⥫,  饣
  ⥬ (  tty  ᯨ᪠ /etc/dialups)  祭 
/etc/d_passwd,  짮⥫ 砥 ਣ襭  -
 ஫, ࠭騩  /etc/d_passwd.
      ᮧ  ஫ ᯮ ᫥騩 ᨭ⠪-
:
        passwd -d dialname

      ஫     맮 
 dialname (祭  /etc/d_passwd). ᫨ dialname -
稭  ᮩ  ("/"),    ᮮ⢥⢮ -
   .   ⨢ 砥 㤥 
஫              
dialname. 쪮 㯥-짮⥫   ஫  -
   맮.
.
                            - 5-65 -

         

      mount    짮  ⮫쪮 㯥-짮-
⥫.  㯥-짮⥫  砥 室  -
 ࠬ,  ।騥   䠩 ⥬ -
  ஢ 짮⥫ﬨ   mnt(C), -
  ᯮ짮 ஫  .
       䠩 ⥬   ⢮  ப  
䠩 /etc/default/filesys.  ਬ  ⠪ ப:

        bdev=/dev/root   cdev=/dev/rroot   mountdir=/  \
        desc="The Root Filesystem"  rcmount=no  mount=no

        bdev=/dev/u  cdev=/dev/ru   mountdir=/u  rcmount=yes  \
        fsckflags=-y  desc="The User Filesystem"

        bdev=/dev/x  cdev=/dev/rx   mountdir=/x  mount=yes  \
        rcmount=yes  fsckflags=-y  desc="The Extra Filesystem"

      ,  ப । ᫥饥:

                              ஢
        ⥬    ஢            짮⥫?
        ----------------------------------------------------
        root        㧪            
     /u          ⨯짮⥫    

     /x          ६             

     ᫨   ,   ⮡   ୥ 䠩 ⥬
 ஢ 짮⥫,     "mount=yes"  
ப  ⮩ 䠩 ⥬.  ஬ ⮣,   mnt
⨢  㬥 ( 䠩 ⥬),   ணࠬ
஢   ୥ 䠩 ⥬ -    -
, -    ᫨  ,       ᤥ.     砥  樨
"mount=prompt" ணࠬ   䠩 ⥬ 㤥 -
訢 짮⥫,     ஢, ᫨ ஢-
 ࠧ襭.
      䠩 ⥬ ⠪ ᯥ祭    ஫,   
 樨 -f  passwd(C).  ਬ, ஫  䠩-
 ⥬ /u ᮧ ⠪ ࠧ:

     passwd -f /dev/u

     ஡   mnt,   ⮬ ᫥  ᯨ᮪  権,
.   ᠭ  mnt(C)     "ࠢ筨  짮⥫" (User's
Reference).
.
                            - 5-66 -

         

       ࠧ 뢠,   ࠧ   
짮⥫ ᯮ짮   ஢ .  롮
Jobs->Authorization   sysadmsh  ᮤন  㭪樨  ਧ樨.
஬ ⮣,  ࠢ  at  batch, ᮧ 䠩-
⨯, ।騩 । 믮  .  -
 ᠭ  ࠧ "ᯮ짮  ஢ :
at, cron  batch"  "㪮⢥ 짮⥫" (User's Guide).

      ਧ樨  ஢ ,  ਭ⮩ 
㬮砭

     砫쭠 䨣  ⥬ ⠭ ⠪ -
,  ᯮ짮    ஢    ࠧ襭
⮫쪮  root,   짮⥫ ⢥࣠.

      ࠬ஢ cron, ਭ  㬮砭

     ⮡   ࠬ  cron,   ਭ  ⥬ 
㬮砭, ᤥ  sysadmsh  ᫥騩 롮:

     Jobs->Authorize->Scheduled->Default

      ࠭   "ࠤ-":

     None    믮  ࠧ襭  짮⥫

     Allow   ᥬ 짮⥫ ࠧ襭 믮 cron

     Deny    ᥬ 짮⥫ 饭    cron

     騩 ० 뤥 襭 મ.
          ६饭  ᢥ 㦭 -
,     㪢.  ,       ⤥
짮⥫   ࠧ/  ( ᠭ -
). ⠭ 祭   ⤥  짮⥫  
ਮ   ࠢ    ⥬묨 祭ﬨ,  ਭ묨 
㬮砭.
.
                            - 5-67 -

      ࠬ஢ at/batch, ਭ  㬮砭

     ⮡  ࠬ at/batch,  ਭ ⥬ 
㬮砭, ᤥ  sysadmsh ᫥騩 롮:

     Jobs->Authorize->Delayed->Default

      ࠭   "ࠤ-":

     None    믮  ࠧ襭  짮⥫

     Allow   ᥬ 짮⥫ ࠧ襭 믮 at/batch

     Deny    ᥬ 짮⥫ 饭   at/batch

     騩 ० 뤥 襭 મ.
          ६饭  ᢥ 㦭 -
,     㪢.  ,       ⤥
짮⥫   ࠧ/  ( ᠭ -
). ⠭ 祭   ⤥  짮⥫  
ਮ   ࠢ    ⥬묨 祭ﬨ,  ਭ묨 
㬮砭.

     襭/饭 ᯮ짮 cron ⤥묨 짮-
⥫ﬨ

     ⮡  ࠬ  cron,   ਭ  ⥬  
㬮砭, ᤥ  sysadmsh ᫥騩 롮:

     Jobs->Authorize->Scheduled->User

      ६頥   User:.   짮⥫,
  <F3>  祭 ᯨ᪠    짮⥫.
   짮⥫  ࠭,    ࠭  ᫥騥
"ࠤ-":

     Allow    짮⥫ ࠧ襭 믮 cron

     Deny     짮⥫ 饭   cron

          ६饭  ᢥ 㦭 -
,     㪢. ⠭ 祭 ४-
뢠 ⥬ 祭, ਭ⮥  㬮砭.
.
                            - 5-68 -

     ᬮ 짮⥫᪨ ࠧ襭  cron

     ⮡ ᬮ  ᯨ᮪  짮⥫,    ࠧ-
/饭 짮 cron, 㦭  sysadmsh 

     Jobs->Authorize->Scheduled->View

     ᫨  㬮砭  ⥬ ਭ allow,    ࠭ -
 ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫,   饭; ᫨ deny,
 ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫,   ࠧ襭.

     襭/饭 ᯮ짮   at/batch   ⤥묨
짮⥫ﬨ

     ⮡  ࠬ at/batch,  ਭ ⥬ 
㬮砭, ᤥ  sysadmsh ᫥騩 롮:

     Jobs->Authorize->Delayed->User

      ६頥   User:.   짮⥫,
  <F3>  祭 ᯨ᪠    짮⥫.
  짮⥫ ࠭,    ࠭    ᫥騥
"ࠤ-":

     Allow    짮⥫ ࠧ襭 믮 at/batch

     Deny     짮⥫ 饭   at/batch

          ६饭  ᢥ 㦭 -
. ⠭ 祭 ४뢠 ⥬ 祭, -
⮥  㬮砭.

     ᬮ 짮⥫᪨ ࠧ襭  at/batch

     ⮡ ᬮ  ᯨ᮪  짮⥫,    ࠧ-
/饭 짮 at/batch, 㦭  sysadmsh 

     Jobs->Authorize->Delayed->View

        砥  cron,  ᫨  㬮砭  ⥬ ਭ
allow,    ࠭ 뢮 ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫,  -
 饭; ᫨ deny,  ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫,  
ࠧ襭.
.
                            - 5-69 -

     ᯮ짮 䠩 ।   at/batch

      ⠪ । ।,   ன   믮
 at    batch.   ।஢ 䠩-⨯ at 
batch ᯮ, ᮮ⢥⢥, ᫥騥 롮 sysadmsh:

     Jobs->Authorize->Environment->At

     Jobs->Authorize->Environment->Batch

      樨 । 䠩 /usr/lib/cron/.proto  (at)  
/usr/lib/cron/.proto.b (batch).   䠩     砫
業  , ନ㥬    at
 batch.  業਩  ᮮ⢥⢮ 筮 ᨭ⠪-
 /bin/sh   ᮤঠ  ६,  ᯥ᪨ 
䠩-⨯.  ᫥騥 ६:
       $d  騩 ⠫ 짮⥫   ᪠
       $l  祭 ulimit  짮⥫   ᪠
       $m  祭 umask  짮⥫   ᪠
       $t  ६ ( ᥪ㭤,   1 ﭢ 1970 .) 砫
           믮 業
       $<   ६ 頥  業਩, ।⠢塞
           짮⥫. 筮   ᫥  䠩,
           ᫥ ନ஢  ஫.  ᫨    訫
            ଠ  䠩 ᫥ ⮩ ६, -
           ਩     ࠡ,  
             .
.
                            - 5-70 -

     ਬ ᯮ짮 䠩 ।

        ⥩  ᯮ짮  䠩-⨯; 
 ਬ.
     1. 믮   ன ।  訬 ਮ-
⮬, ᯮ  nice(C):

        nice -5 /bin/sh/ << 'END_OF_FILE'
        $<
        END_OF_FILE

     2. ।  믮  १  ୠ⨢  -
 :

        /bin/csh << 'END_OF_FILE_'
        $<
        END_OF_FILE

                             6

                    

                                                    6-1

     ⥣ 㡫஢  ᯮ짮 sysadmsh       6-2
          ᯮ짮 ਧ樨 backup  㡫஢ 6-2
          㡫஢   ᪠  訥 ⥬   6-2
          ⪨ ᢥ  ᯮ㥬 ⨫         6-3

     ⮢  ஢ 㡫஢             6-4
          ⠢ ᯨᠭ 㡫஢               6-4
          ન஢ १ࢭ                         6-8
           ୠ                                   6-9

     믮 ஢ 㡫஢               6-11
          ᯮ짮 ଠ஢ ⥫         6-11
           㡫஢                               6-11

     믮 ஢ 㡫஢             6-14

     ஢ઠ १ࢭ                                6-17

     祭 ⨭ 㡫஢                        6-19

     ⠭ ⤥ 䠩  ⠫  १ࢭ
                                                       6-21

     ⠭ ᥩ 䠩 ⥬  ⮬ cpio      6-25

     ⠭ ᥩ 䠩 ⥬  ⮬ xbackup   6-25

     ᠭ ஢ 㡫஢                          6-32
          ਭ樯 ஢ ६⭮ 㡫஢       6-32
           ࠡ⠥ ᯨᠭ, ਭ⮥  㬮砭    6-33
           ᯮ १ࢭ  
           ⠭ 䠩 ⥬                  6-35
.
                            - 6-1 -

     

     ᭮    ⥬ - ᯥ -
ﭭ 楫⭮ ଠ樨,  ࠭   ⥬.   
᪮쪮 ᯮᮡ ० 䠩  䠩 ⥬  
:
     * 뢠  ⠭ (㡥  稨 ।࠭⥫
 ᪮ ⠭);
     *  ᡮ (ਬ, ⪨ );
     * 訡 짮⥫ (砩 㤠  䠩).
      ८業      㠫 १ࢭ
. ᫨   襩 ⥬  ᪮쪮 ⨢ 짮-
,       .  ᫥⢨ ⮩ 
 㤭 業   ,    ந 樤 
   १ 쭮  筮 ࠡ-
.
     ࢭ  䠩 ⥬ -  믮  
᪠    䠩 ୥ 䠩 ⥬   -
 ॣ୮   㥬 䠩 ⥬ (ਬ,  䠩
⥬ /u).  (ᠭ 䠩 ⥬ .   "ᯮ짮-
 䠩   ⥬" 饣 㪮⢠.)  ࢭ 
  ⥬ ( 짮⥫  ਧ-
 backup)    䠩 ⥬   
६.
      饩    뢠,   ᯮ짮 sysadmsh
 㡫஢ (⮢ १ࢭ )  ୥ -
  㣨 䠩 ⥬,   ⠭ 䠩  -
ࢭ . (  ⨫, ᯮ㥬  ⮣ -
஢, tar(C),   ஡  ᠭ    ࠧ "⮢
१ࢭ "  "㦨"   "祡"  (Tutorial).
 ⨫    室  믮 㥬 㡫஢-
;  㤮 짮  娢஢ 㯯 䠩.)
     ।⢠, 㦤     ,  ।⠢ ᮡ
  묨 ﬨ,   ⫨稥  ⨫ tar(C),   cpio(C),
backup(ADM)   restore(ADM),   ᯮ ᫮ 
ப.   䥪⨢ 㡫஢ ⮨   ⮬,   ⮡
࠭ ⮫쪮  ,     ,    ⮣ (
ᯮ짮 backup  restore)  筮 ॡ ⥫쭠
壠.
.
                            - 6-2 -

         SYSADMSH

        ⥬    ᮤঠ-
 ⮩   ⠢ ᯨᠭ  ᮮ⢥⢨  -
묨 ࠢ. ᫥ ⮣ , ⮡ 믮  -
஢, 㦭 㤥 ⮫쪮 ⠭ ⥫  ⢥  
᪮쪮 ਣ襭.
      楫  롮  "㡫஢  䠩   ⥬"   
sysadmsh ⮨   ⮬,  ⮡ ।⠢  ᯨᠭ
㡫஢ 䠩 ⥬   ⥬,   짮-
⥫  訥 䠩 ⥬.  ணࠬ ⮬᪨ -
 ஢ 䠩      १ࢭ  -
⥫. ᫨    襩 ⥬  짮⥫  讥 ᫮
 塞 䠩,  ᯮ   "㥬"
㡫஢,    ࠭ ⠢ ᯨᠭ
㤥  ॣ୮ 㡫஢. ᫨ ᤥ 롮 Backups,
ணࠬ ।⠢     .  ⮡ 믮-
 ,   롥 ᮮ⢥       
।⠢ ॡ㥬 ଠ.
       ଠ쭮 㡫஢  sysadmsh  
"஢" 㡫஢.    
⥬ ⭮ ᤥ  १ࢭ  䠩  -
⥬. (,   ⨯ 㡫஢ 墠뢠  䠩-
 ⥬,    ⮫쪮  䠩,    -
 ᪮쪮  ⮬  ⥫.)   ᫨  訫 
㥬묨 㡫஢ﬨ, ᯥ  믮  ࠩ-
  ࠧ  .

     ᯮ짮 ਧ樨 backup  㡫஢

      ᮧ    ⠭ १ࢭ   
 짮⥫ ਧ backup.  (⠭ ᥩ
䠩 ⥬   ⮫쪮 root.)  짮⥫
   १ࢭ ,  ⠪      ࠧ襭
   ᥬ 䠩. ᫨ 㡫஢ 믮 root, 䠩-
   砩 ࠧ襭,  ⠪  root   ࠭-
祭 ࠧ襭      䠩    ⥬.  ਧ
backup ࠧ蠥  , ।⠢ ࠭祭 ࠧ-
 root.

     㡫஢   ᪠  訥 ⥬

     ᫨   襩  ⥬    ⮫쪮 ᪮  
᪮,  㡫஢  ⥬  ᪮쪨 짮-
ﬨ     祭     ॡ ⢠
⥫.  १ࢭ  20-⭮ 䠩 -
 ॡ ⭠ ᪥ 96tpi  1.2 MB,  ⮣   
.
                            - 6-3 -

450-⮢        .
 ⢥,   ᯮ짮 ᪥ ॡ ⢨
   ,   ⭠  ⮫쪮 ⠢ -
砫,      ⠢  ⥬.  ᫨  襩
⥬  짮⥫  ⮫쪮 ᪮   ᪮,
ࠩ  ⮯玲 ன⢮,   -
   ⥬ ࠧ  , ।। 짮⥫,
⮡  ᠬ ॣ୮  १ࢭ  ᢮ 䠩.

     ⪨ ᢥ  ᯮ㥬 ⨫

        㡫஢  sysadmsh  頥  ᪮쪨
⨫⠬.   易⥫쭮   .   ᫨ 
 ᯮ짮 ⥫ 樨,   ᠭ  
,   ,    ਬ      
 . sysadmsh 頥  ᫥騬 ⨫⠬:
     * fsphoto(ADM):   ⨫, ࠢ ⮬⨧-
묨 ।⢠ 㡫஢;
     * fsave(ADM):  ணࠬ,   짮⥫
 믮 㡫஢;
     * schedule(ADM):   㡫஢;
     * xbackup  xrestore(ADM):  ⨫ 㡫஢ XENIX. 
ᯮ, ᫨   Method  ⠡    ᯨᠭ  ⮨
"xbackup". ( ⨫ ।祭  ,   த-
 ࠡ  ⥬  ।⢠ 㡫஢,     XENIX.
।⥫쭥   ᯮ짮 cpio.)
     * cpio(C):  ணࠬ 㡫஢, ᯮ㥬  㬮-
.     ⨯ 䠩 ⥬.
     롮 Backups  sysadmsh ࠧ "㦥⢥"  ஢,
ࠦ騩 짮⥫  ᫮ ᨭ⠪  ணࠬ.
.
                            - 6-4 -

        

     ⢥ 易⥫쭮 ॡ  ஢  -
㥬 㡫஢ ⮨  ⮬, ⮡ ⮢ ᯨᠭ
㡫஢. ஬  ⮣,  ४,  ⮡  
⥬ 믮 易⥫ 楤 ન஢, ࠭-
  ⮪஢ १ࢭ . ஡ ᠭ ஢-
 㡫஢ ਢ    ,  砩 -
室   ᯥ樠஢ ᯨᠭ.

     ⠢ ᯨᠭ 㡫஢

      蠣 ⮨  ᮧ ⠡ ६  㡫஢
   䠩  schedule.     䠩  ᯮ   ⠫
/usr/lib/sysadmin.  ᮤন  ,  室  ⥬
 믮 㡫஢,  ⮬ ᫥
     *  襩 ᫨⥫쭮 ⠭  設
     * ⨯ ᯮ㥬 ⥫  ᪮
     *  ॣ 㡫஢ 䠩 ⥬.
      ᫥  ࠧ  ,    㦭
  䠩 schedule, 騩  襩 ਡ樨.

     ஢ 䠩 schedule

      schedule  ।஢   ⥪⮢  ।-
; 㡥,     ॣ஢  root.   ⠪
  ।஢ 䠩 schedule ᯮ짮 ᫥-
騬 롮஬ sysadmsh:

     Backups->Schedule

     ( 㬮砭 sysadmsh ᯮ । vi(C),   -
 ⠭ ।⠥  ।    ६-
 । 믮 SA_EDITOR.  ⮬,  ⠭ -
 । 믮,  . environ(C)  sh(C).)  ᫥-
 ࠧ  ᠭ,     㦭  
 䠩.
.
                            - 6-5 -

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| # SYSTEM BACKUP SCHEDULE    (ᯨᠭ 㡫஢ ⥬)|
| site mymachine              (᫨⥫쭠 ⠭ ...)   |
|                                                              |
| # Media Entries             (ப  ⥫)           |
|                                                              |
| # 48 tpi 360K floppy 0      (᪮ 0   ᪮...)|
| # media /dev/rfd048ds9 k 360 format /dev/rfd048ds9           |
| # 48 tpi 360K floppy 1                                       |
| # media /dev/rfd148ds9 k 360 format /dev/rfd148ds9           |
| # 96 tpi 720K floppy 0                                       |
| # media /dev/rfd096ds9 k 720 format /dev/rfd096ds9           |
| # 96 tpi 720K floppy 1                                       |
| # media /dev/rfd196ds9 k 720 format /dev/rfd196ds9           |
| # 96 tpi 1.2 MB floppy 0                                     |
| # media /dev/rfd096ds15 k 1200 format /dev/rfd096ds15        |
| # 96 tpi 1.2 MB floppy 1                                     |
| # media /dev/rfd196ds15 k 1200 format /dev/rfd196ds15        |
| # 135 tpi 1.44 MB floppy 0                                   |
| # media /dev/rfd0135ds18 k 1440 format /dev/rfd0135ds8       |
| # 135 tpi 1.44 MB floppy 1                                   |
| # media /dev/rfd1135ds18 k 1440 format /dev/rfd1135ds8       |
| # Cartridge tape                (⭠ )            |
| # media /dev/rct0 d 20000 300 450 600 tape erase             |
| # Mini cartridge drive (10MB)   (⥫  -)|
| # media /dev/rctmini k 8800 format /dev/rctmini              |
| # Mini cartridge drive (40MB)                                |
| # media /dev/rctmini k 37500 format -e /dev/rctmini          |
| # 9-track tape drive            (⥫  9-.) |
| # media /dev/rmt0 d 1600 2400 1200 600                       |
|                                                              |
| # Backup Descriptor Table  ( ਯ 㡫஢)|
|                                                              |
| #   Backup  Vol.  Save for   Vitality      Label             |
| #   level   size  how long   (importance)  marker            |
|     0       -     "1 year"   critical      "a red sticker"   |
|     1       -     "4 months" necessary     "a yellow sticker"|
|     8       -     "3 weeks"  useful        "a blue sticker"  |
|     9       -     "1 week"   precautionary  none             |
|                                                              |
| # Schedule Table           (ᯨᠭ)                      |
|                                                              |
| #            1 2 3 4 5  6 7 8 9 0  1 2 3 4 5  6 7 8 9 0  Method
| # Filesystem M T W T F  M T W T F  M T W T F  M T W T F      |
|   /dev/rroot 0 x 9 x 9  8 x 9 x 9  1 x 9 x 9  8 x 9 x 9  cpio|
|   /dev/ru    9 0 9 9 9  9 8 9 9 9  9 1 9 9 9  9 8 9 9 9  cpio|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

                   㭮 6-1.  schedule
.
                            - 6-6 -

       ᫨⥫쭮 ⠭  設

     㦭   ப mymachine  砫 䠩,  -
 ,   ᯮ㥬   襬 䠩 /etc/systemid,   
㣮 .

     롮 ன⢠  ⥫, ᮮ⢥ 䨣樨

     ন 䠩 schedule,  ࠦ    㭪  6-1,
ਭ  㬮砭.   㬮砭   ⢥ ⥫
ਭ ᪮ 0   ᪮ 96tpi   1.2  
(. ).  # 砥 ਩, ᮮ⢥騩 ⥪
 ணࠬ.  ,   ⥫, ਭ 
㬮砭, -  ⢥   . ᫨  
ᯮ짮 㣮 ⥫, ⠢ । ᪮ 96tpi
ᨬ    㡥  ᨬ  ப  㦭 
⥫. ⠫ ⥫    -
묨.

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| # 96 tpi 720K floppy 1                                       |
| # media /dev/rfd196ds9 k 720 format /dev/rfd196ds9           |
|                                                              |
| # 96 tpi 1.2 MB floppy 0                                     |
| media /dev/rfd096ds15 k 1200 format /dev/rfd096ds15          |
|                                                              |
| # 96 tpi 1.2 MB floppy 1                                     |
| # media /dev/rfd196ds15 k 1200 format /dev/rfd196ds15        |
|                                                              |

     ஢ ⠡ ਯ 㡫஢

     ࠧ  ᫥ ப  ⥫ﬨ  ⠡ ਯ-
 㡫஢.  ⮩ ⠡ (. ) ᠭ  ஢
㡫஢ (Backup level - ࢠ ):   ਢ-
 ࠧ   ⮬  (Vol.size  -    ),  ப ࠭
( ),  ⥯  (⢥ )  ન-
஢ (  - Label marker).  ப, ਭ  㬮-
砭,  ᯮ짮,   ப  ࠧࠬ ⮬  -
।஢ ᮣ᭮ ⨯ ᯮ㥬 ⥫.
     ᫨    ᪠,   ⠢    
"Vol.size" .   ⮬ 砥 ணࠬ 㡫஢ 쬥
ࠧ ⮬  ப ⥫   ன⢠.
     ᫨  ᯮ    ,  ⠢
  "Vol.size"   ꥬ ⮬     (  -
). ᫨    ᯮ      ⮣  ࠧ 
 ஢ 㡫஢,    㦭  ࠧ஬
ᯮ㥬 .
     ᫥  ᮤন ⪨,   .   -
ࠧ "ન஢ १ࢭ ".
.
                            - 6-7 -

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| #   Backup  Vol.  Save for   Vitality      Label             |
| #   level   size  how long   (importance)  marker            |
|     0       -     "1 year"   critical      "a red sticker"   |
|                      (1    筮      ᭠ ⨪⪠)|
|     1       -     "4 months" necessary     "a yellow sticker"|
|                      (4 -  室     ⨪⪠) |
|     8       -     "3 weeks"  useful        "a blue sticker"  |
|                      (3 .         ᨭ ⨪⪠)  |
|     9       -     "1 week"   precautionary  none             |
|                      (1 .  ⥫쭮      થ)    |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
         㭮 6-2.  ਯ 㡫஢

     ஢ ᯨᠭ 㡫஢

      㬮砭  ᯨᠭ ।  㡫஢-
. ⮡ 짮 ᯨᠭ,  易⥫쭮 筮 ।-
⠢ ᥡ  ࠧ    ஢  㡫஢.  ஢ 0 -
ᠬ .  ⮬ ஢ 㡫  ᮤন 䠩
⥬,     ஢ 1, 8  9 㡫 ⮫쪮 䠩-
,    ᫥  ᫥  㡫஢  襣
஢. (  ᠭ  ਢ  ࠧ "ᠭ ஢
㡫஢"   .)  ,  㡫஢ ஢
0 믮  筮  ୥ 䠩 ⥬  
  -  䠩 ⥬ /u.  맢 ⥬,  䠩
⥬ /u  (짮⥫᪨ )   ࠧ ,
祬 ୥, ᮤঠ ⥬ 䠩.
     ᫨     䠩 ⥬ /u,    짮⥫-
᪨  ᯮ  ୥ 䠩 ⥬ ( ⠫
/usr).   ⮬  砥    ਣ襭  ⢥ত
 ⠭  BACKUP,   䠩  schedule  㤥  ᮤঠ
⮫쪮  ப  䠩 ⥬. ᫨ 䠩 ⥬ /u
,  schedule 㤥 룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ  (㭮
6-3).

+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| #            1 2 3 4 5  6 7 8 9 0  1 2 3 4 5  6 7 8 9 0  Method|
| # Filesystem M T W T F  M T W T F  M T W T F  M T W T F        |
|   /dev/rroot 0 x 9 x 9  8 x 9 x 9  1 x 9 x 9  8 x 9 x 9  cpio  |
|   /dev/ru    9 0 9 9 9  9 8 9 9 9  9 1 9 9 9  9 8 9 9 9  cpio  |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
              㭮 6-3. ᯨᠭ 㡫஢

      ,  ⥬ 祭  ﬨ 
 (M-F,  .. 쭨-⭨)    㦤-
: ᫨ 㡫஢ 祭  뫮  㤠  (ਬ,
- 䥪⭮ ⥫),   㡫஢ ⮣  ஢ -
 믮    ᫥饣 ஢  㡫-
஢.  ᠬ ᯨᠭ ᤢ,   ⠭ -
⥫쭮 㡫஢  . ⮬  筮
 ஢ 誠 1-0, ᯮ  ப M-F, 
  㤮  ,  ࠡ⠥     .
.
                            - 6-8 -

     ஬ ⮣,  ᫨   ப    㣨  䠩
⥬,  㦭 ᫥, ⮡  㡫஢ ஢ 0 -
 䠩 ⥬  뫨 ஢     ;  ⠪
 㤥 祭 ⥫   ⢥  -
 襩 設.

      ⮤ 㡫஢ (᫥  ᯨᠭ)

      㬮砭 ⨯ ଠ 㡫஢ - cpio. ᫨  -
 ᯮ짮 ଠ xbackup,  ਬ塞  䠩 ⥬
XENIX,   cpio     backup.    ⨬,       ⨫
xbackup(ADM) ࠡ⠥  ⮫쪮   䠩묨 ⥬ XENIX,  ⠪
  ᯮ ᯥ   ଠ. ଠ cpio
⫨筮 㭪樮  䠩 ⥬ UNIX, XENIX  AFS, ⠪
   ᯮ ⠪ ଠ.   xbackup ।ᬮ७
 ,  ਢ  ஬ ଠ.

     砭
      ,  AFS -  ⨯ 䠩 ⥬, ᯮ-
  樮 ⥬  㬮砭.

     ન஢ १ࢭ 

     祭     १ࢭ묨 ﬨ,  ᯮ
 ⢥ ⮪ ᫥   ଠ.  ᫨  -
ࢭ  -  㤠 砩 ࠧ 祭 , 
㤥 㤭 ⮬  㦭 .
      ⮪ ⥫ । ᫥騩 ଠ:

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|      ஢ 㡫஢      ⮢ |
|                    䠩 ⥬                       |
|                     ࠭                        |
|                   ᫮  ⮬                          |
|  ᯮ⥫                                 ⮬    |
|                                            饥 ᫮ ⮬ |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

       ⪥  ,  ன  ப ࠭,
 ᮮ⢥⢮ ࠡ祬 ,  墠祭 㡫஢.
    ࠧ㬥,   砥 
室 ⠭ ଠ樨  ⮩ .
.
                            - 6-9 -

     , ୮, ⨫,   䠩 schedule  祭
ࠡ । ⥬ 梥⭮ ஢: .㭮 6-4.
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| #   Backup  Vol.  Save for   Vitality      Label             |
| #   level   size  how long   (importance)  marker            |
|     0       -     "1 year"   critical      "a red sticker"   |
|                                            (᭠ ⨪⪠)|
|     1       -     "4 months" necessary     "a yellow sticker"|
|                                             ( ⨪⪠)|
|     8       -     "3 weeks"  useful        "a blue sticker"  |
|                                             (ᨭ ⨪⪠) |
|     9       -     "1 week"   precautionary  none             |
|                                             ( થ)    |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
     㭮 6-4. ᥭ ⮪  १ࢭ 

     ᫨   १ࢭ  ᯮ짮 ᪮쪮 ,
⠢   ⮬    ᫮ ⮬ (ਬ,  
⮬  - "1  2"  "2  2").
     , ,  ਪ९   ஡  ,  
  ,   䠩 ⥬  ஢ ஢
㡫஢.

      ୠ

         ४  㪮 -
.  ଠ樨  孨᪮  㦨  (ਬ,
 ந襫  ᡮ   뫮 ᤥ),    ᫥ -
 ᫥ ଠ:

                  ⪥  ,    ᮮ-
                   ⢮ ᫥ ,  墠祭 -
                   ஢
      ⥬
                    ன⢠,   ண   
                    ⥪饩 
     ஢ 㡫஢
                   ஢ 㡫஢  ⥪饩 
     ᫮ ⮬   ⢮ ⮬  
     ᫮   ⢮   .  ଠ -
                     襭 㡫஢. (-
                        :  ᫨ ᫮ 
                    㡫஢ ஢ 9  ன  䠩-
                    ⥬   ६ ᮤন  -
                    ,   ,  -, ਤ 
                   㬥襭 㧪  㢥  㡫-
                   ஢ ⮩ 䠩 ⥬.)
.
                            - 6-10 -

     ६ 砫/
                   (易⥫ ࠬ.)   ६   砫
                   㡫஢ 䠩 ⥬    襭
                   ஢ન ᫥ 訡.   ६ 뢮-
                     ࠭ ᫥ 襭 㡫஢.
                   ६   㤥 뢠 ,
                   ⠪      㡫஢  㦥  
                   ௠  ,   設 ३  -
                   ⮩ ०  襣 .

     ᫨  㡫஢  ஡, ॣ 
 ୠ,  ⮬ ᫥  ᮮ饭  訡  ࠭.
.
                            - 6-11 -

       

       ࠧ 뢠,  믮 㡫஢ 
饬 ᯨᠭ.  㯠  ⮩ 楤,  -
஢ (    ࠩ    ஢ਢ)  䠩 ᯨᠭ
schedule:    㢥७,    室.
      ⥬   ஢ 㡫஢ ⠪,
⮡   ६  ⥬ 뫮     짮⥫
(   ).   ⠪ 砥  ࠭஢ 
४  ᠬ ᫥ ᨨ  䠩.
     ୮ ᯨᠭ  㡫஢ ॡ 筮 -
筮 ⥫  ᮮ⢥饣 ப  ࠭. -
  ஢ 0 ᫥ ࠭  ࠩ  ,   -
砥 ᮡ  -  .  㣨  ᫥ ࠭ 
  .  ⥫   騥 ⪨,
騥  㡫஢   䠩  ⠫,  室-
  .  祭 ப ࠭ १ࢭ  -
  ᯮ짮  ᮧ  .

     ᯮ짮 ଠ஢ ⥫

     ᫨   ⥫,  㦭 ଠ஢,
ਬ,  ᪮  ⮩  -,  , -
, ।⥫쭮  ਤ  ଠ஢  ᪮쪮  ⮬.
筮 ᫮   ⮬   ⢠  ࠧ 㡫㥬
䠩. ஡   ଠ஢ ⥫ .  "ᯮ-
  ᪮  ⥫  ⭮ "  
㬥.   ⠪   믮 ଠ஢
 ணࠬ  sysadmsh.  (⨬,   - 祭 
ଠ.)

      㡫஢

     ⮡ 믮 ஢ 㡫஢, ᤥ ᫥-
饥.
     1.  sysadmsh  ᤥ 롮

     Backups->Create->Scheduled

     2.  ࠭   ਬ୮ ⠪ :
.
                            - 6-12 -

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  Level 0 backup of filesystem /dev/rroot, 22 Sep 1988
|        tape size:   450 feet  [or Kb]
|        tape drive:  /dev/rct0
|  This tape will be saved for 1 year, and is critical.
|
|  M)ounted volume, P)ostpone, C)heck or F)ormat volumes,
|                                  R) Retension or H)elp:
|
|    (㡫஢ ஢ 0 䠩 ⥬ /dev/rroot, 22.09.88
|            ࠧ : 450 ⮢ [ ]
|            筮 ன⢮: /dev/rct0
|       㤥 ࠭ 1    筮.
|     ஢ ⮬ (M), ⫮ (P), ஢ (C) 
|     ଠ஢ (F) ⮬, ࠭ (R)  ࠢ筨 (H):
|
     뢮 ⨯ ⥫,   䠩 schedule. 㧨-
 ⮬  (  )   ࠭ ⥫.   "m",
⮡ ணࠬ 㧭,  ⮬ ᬮ஢,   <Return>.
     3. ᫨  ᯮ cpio,  ⥬ 뤠 ⥪  
 ᫥ 㡫஢:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  Level 0 backup of filesystem: /dev/rroot
|  Backing up all files                  (㡫  䠩)
|  Generating list of pathnames for backing up...
|            ( ᯨ᮪  ⥩  㡫஢...)
|
        ᪮쪮 .
     4. ᫨  ᯮ xbackup, ⥬ 뤠 ⥪ 
  ᫥ 㡫஢:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  Backup date= the epoch      ( 㡫஢ = 砫 )
|  Backing up /dev/rroot to /dev/fd096ds15
|
     (᫨   ⮣  믮﫨 㡫஢,   ⥬  
ॣ஢  ᫥ 㡫஢,     -
 "the epoch".) 뢮 ਬ୮ ᫮ ॡ㥬 ⮬.
     5. ⥬ ⥬ 稭 ஢ 䠩  ⥫. -
  ⮬ ௠ ,  ணࠬ 뢮   ᫥
ᮮ饭, ᮮ⢥⢥  cpio  xxbackup:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  Reached end of medium on output
|  Insert volume 2 and press <RETURN> to continue or 'q' to exit
|            (⨣  ⮬  뢮
|             ⠢ ⮬ 2   <RETURN>, ⮡ த,
|               'q', ⮡ )
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------
| Please insert new volume, then press <RETURN>
|            (, ⠢  ⮬   <RETURN>)
|
.
                            - 6-13 -

     砭
     ᫨    㡫஢ 5.25-묨 
᪠,  । ⨥ <Return> 㡥,   ⢮ન -
 .

      ⮬    ⥫,   ⠢        
<Return>. ணࠬ  த  ஢ 䠩   ⮬.
  㭪   ,  ணࠬ  뤠 ᮮ-
饭
+---------------------------------------------------------------
| n blocks
| Check critical volumes for format errors
|
|  (n . ஢  ⮬  稥 訡 ଠ)
|

     6. ᫨ ந諠 訡,  㡫஢  㤠-
    砫.  ⥫   䥪-
, ⮬  ᫨  訡  ⠥,     .  
᫥饥 :

+---------------------------------------------------------------
| M)ounted which volume, E)rror on previous volume, D)one,
| S)kip checks, or H)elp:
|
|     ( ⮬ ᬮ஢ (M), 訡  ।饬 ⮬ (E),
|      믮 (D),  ஢ન (S), ࠢ筨 (H):
|

     ᫥ ⮣,   㡫஢ ᯥ譮 ,  -
 樨    ⮬,    ⮬.  ᫨  믮
஢ન ଠ, 㡥,   ⠢  ⮬ ᮣ᭮
樨,   㡫஢  ४.  ᫨   
஢ ⮬,  롥 "Skip". ,   ⮬ -
饭  .
.
                            - 6-14 -

       

     ࢭ   ᮧ     ᪥. ᫨
  ⥫,  㦭 ଠ஢, ਬ,
 ᪮, , ⭮, ।⥫쭮 ਤ ଠ-
஢ ᪮쪮 ⮬. 筮 ᫮ ⮬   ⢠
 ࠧ 㡫㥬 䠩. ஡  ଠ஢ -
 .  "ᯮ짮  ᪮  ⥫  -
⭮ "    㬥.    ⠪  
믮 ଠ஢  ணࠬ sysadmsh.
     ⮡ 믮  ஢  㡫஢,  ᤥ
᫥饥.
     1.  sysadmsh  ᤥ 롮

     Backups->Create->Unscheduled

     2.  ࠭  ᫥饥:

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                  Unscheduled |
| Press <F3> to choose from a list of filesystems              |
|  /tmp/sysadm                                 03/15/89  08:20 |
|                                                              |
|+-------------------Archive Filesystem-----------------------+|
||                                                            ||
||       File system to archive    :    [               ]     ||
||       Media                     :    [               ]     ||
||       Block size in bytes       :    [512    ]             ||
||       Format floppy             :    [Yes]   [No]          ||
||                                                            ||
||       Press <Return> to backup the filesystem or <ESC> to  ||
||       abandon                                              ||
||                                                            ||
||                       [Archive]                            ||
||                                                            ||
|+------------------------------------------------------------+|
|                                                              |
|                                                ᯨᠭ |
|  <F3>, ⮡  䠩 ⥬  ᯨ᪠       |
|                  娢 䠩 ⥬                       |
|      ⥬, ᨬ  娢:   [   ]              |
|     ⥫:                             [   ]              |
|        :                [512]              |
|     ଠ஢ ᪥:                [] []         |
|      <Return>, ⮡ ᤥ १ࢭ           |
|      䠩 ⥬,  <ESC>, ᫨         |
|                         [娢]                              |
|                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

     3. 롥 䠩 ⥬,    㦭  ᪮஢,
      <F3>,  ⮡  ᯨ᮪  롮.
㤥 뢥 ᯨ᮪  䠩 ⥬, ᫥  䠩
/etc/default/filesys. (. filesys(F).)    ६-
.
                            - 6-15 -

饭  롥  䠩 ⥬,   ᮡ-
 㡫஢,      <Return>.  (᫨   
䠩 ⥬,   /etc/default/filesys, 롥
"Other";   ਣ襭   .)
     4. ⥬ 롥 ன⢮,       <F3>
 祭 ᯨ᪠.    뢥 ன⢠, 騥-
  /etc/default/archive;      ᢮ ப
  ।஢ ᠬ 䠩.      ⠭
⮬᪨.

     砭
      ⥫  롮  ன⢠.  ⭮-
, ஢,   ࠫ   "Floppy drive 1" (ன ᪮-
   ᪮),     "Floppy  drive  0"  (
᪮). ᫨    訡,  㡫஢ ४,   
ਤ  ᭠砫.

     5.   ଠ஢ 㦭 ᫮ ⮬,   ⠢
  ⥫  롨 "Yes"  ப Format floppy.   -
ਫ ,   - ⠪ 㦭 ଠ஢.
     6. 㧨 ⮬ (  )   ࠭ ⥫ 
 <Return>.  ⥬ 뤠 ⥪    ᫥
㡫஢. ⥬  筥 ஢ 䠩.  ᫨  
⮬ ௠,     ᫥ ᮮ饭, ᮮ⢥-
⢥  cpio  xxbackup:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  Reached end of medium on output
|  Insert volume 2 and press <RETURN> to continue or 'q' to exit
|
|            (⨣  ⮬  뢮
|             ⠢ ⮬ 2   <RETURN>, ⮡ த,
|               'q', ⮡ )
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------
| Please insert new volume, then press <RETURN>
|
|            (, ⠢  ⮬   <RETURN>)
|

     7.    ⮬,  ⠢    <Return>.
ணࠬ த ஢ 䠩    ⮬.   
 㭪   ,  ணࠬ  뤠 ᮮ饭

        DONE                                 (믮)

                            - 6-16 -

     ᫨    ᪠, , , ਤ-
  ᫥ 㭪 ᪮쪮 ࠧ,  ० 祬 㡫-
 .   ⮬  ⥫, 砩 .
ਬ,     ⮬  "Volume  1"  ( 1),  ன -
"Volume 2" ( 2)  ..
.
                            - 6-17 -

       

      ⮣,  ⮡  뫮 㡥,  㡫஢ -
 筮   訡,   㡫஢ sysadmsh ।-
७   Integrity  (楫⭮).   ஢ ⥬
।⢥ ࠢ  䠩  ⪮ ᪥,   㤠
 뫨 ᪮஢.
       sysadmsh  롥

     Backups->Integrity

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                    Integrity |
| Press ?<Return> to obtain a list of available media          |
|                                                              |
|  /tmp/sysadm                                 03/15/89  08:20 |
|                                                              |
|+---------------Verify Integrity of a Backup-----------------+|
||                                                            ||
||       Media                     :    [_              ]     ||
||       Block size in bytes       :    [512    ]             ||
||                                                            ||
||       Press <Return> to check the integrity of the backup  ||
||       or <ESC> to abandon                                  ||
||                                                            ||
||                    [Check Integrity]                       ||
||                                                            ||
|+------------------------------------------------------------+|
|                                                              |
|  ?<Return>  祭 ᯨ᪠ 㯭 ⥫   |
|          ஢ઠ 楫⭮ १ࢭ                 |
|     ⥫:                        [_       ]              |
|        :           [512  ]                 |
|      <Return>, ⮡ ஢ 楫⭮ ,     |
|       <ESC>, ᫨ ⮣                       |
|                   [஢ઠ 楫⭮]                     |
|                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

        롥  ⨯ ⥫   । ⠢
⮬ १ࢭ .   ; ஢ઠ 让 
 來  ६.   䠩  ஢७, cpio
뢥  ᯨ᮪.

                            - 6-18 -

     砭
      ६ ஢ન   ᮮ饭, 㪠뢠騥 
⫨稥 䠩  ⪮ ᪥  १ࢭ  .     
 맢  ⥬,     䠩    
⪨ ஬⮪ ६,  室  㡫஢-
  ஢મ.  ᮮ饭  ஢.
.
                            - 6-19 -

       

       ᬮ ᯨ᮪ த㡫஢ 䠩,  
 ⨭   Backups  sysadmsh.  ⮣ ᤥ
᫥饥.
     1. 롥  sysadmsh

          Backups->View

     2.  ࠭  ᫥饥:

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                        View  |
| Press <F3> to choose from a list of available media          |
|                                                              |
|  /tmp/sysadm                                 03/15/89  08:20 |
|                                                              |
|+--------------------Contents of a Backup--------------------+|
||                                                            ||
||       Media                     :    [_              ]     ||
||       Block size in Bytes       :    [512    ]             ||
||                                                            ||
||       Press <Return> to view the contents of the backup    ||
||       or <ESC> to abandon                                  ||
||                                                            ||
||                          [View]                            ||
||                                                            ||
|+------------------------------------------------------------+|
|                                                              |
|                                                   ᬮ   |
|  <F3>  롮 㯭 ⥫  ᯨ᪠        |
|              ন १ࢭ                       |
|     ⥫:                        [_       ]              |
|        :           [512  ]                 |
|      <Return>, ⮡ ᬮ १ࢭ ,     |
|       <ESC>, ᫨ ⮣                       |
|                      [ᬮ]                              |
|                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

     3.  <F3> (ࢮ ), ⮡  祭 -
ன.   롨ࠥ ⮬᪨.
     4. ணࠬ 뤠  ਣ襭 ⠢  ⮬ -
ࢭ . 㧨    <Return>.
     5. ᫨   - ⮬ cpio:   ⮬ १ࢭ -
 ⠭,  ࠭  ਬ୮ ᫥饥:
.
                            - 6-20 -

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                        View  |
|          <esc> to exit, movement keys are active             |
|           ( 室  <esc>,   ⨢)|
|                                                              |
|  cpio -itv /dev/rfd096ds15 -C512             03/10/89  11:03 |
|                                                              |
|+------------------------- cpio -----------------------------+|
||                                                            ||
||   100711 wadley 5678   Feb   wadley/tell0                  ||
||   100711 wadley 6789   Feb   wadley/tell1                  ||
||   100711 wadley 4112   Feb   wadley/tell2                  ||
||   100711 wadley 9972   Feb   wadley/tell3                  ||
||   100711 wadley 6689   Feb   wadley/tell4                  ||
||   100711 wadley 1102   Feb   wadley/tell5                  ||
||   100711 wadley 6602   Feb   wadley/tell6                  ||
||   100711 wadley 5511   Feb   wadley/tell7                  ||
||   100711 wadley 1111   Feb   wadley/tell8                  ||
||   100711 wadley 3312   Feb   wadley/tell9                  ||
||                                                            ||
|+------------------------------------------------------------+|
|                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

     5. ᫨   - ⮬ xbackup:    ⮬ १ࢭ
 ⠭,  ࠭  ਬ୮ ᫥饥:

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                        View  |
|          <esc> to exit, movement keys are active             |
|                                                              |
|  restore fT /dev/rfd096ds15                  03/10/89  11:03 |
|                                                              |
|+------------------------ xbackup ---------------------------+|
||                                                            ||
||   Dump date:  Fri  Mar 10  15:09:57  1989                  ||
||   Dumped from:  Fri  Mar 3  10:00:00  1989                 ||
||   3    /tell0                                              ||
||   4    /tell1                                              ||
||   5    /tell2                                              ||
||   6    /tell3                                              ||
||   7    /tell4                                              ||
||   8    /tell5                                              ||
||   9    /tell6                                              ||
||   10   /tell7                                              ||
||   11   /tell8                                              ||
||   12   /tell9                                              ||
||                                                            ||
|+------------------------------------------------------------+|
|                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
.
                            - 6-21 -

            

           sysadmsh ⠭ ⤥ 䠩
 ⠫  ⮬ १ࢭ  䠩  ⥬.   
⮣ 㦥     ⮬ १ࢭ   ᠬ -
 ᨥ 䠩 (䠩),   ७ ⠭.
᫨  ⠭ 䠩,   ᫥ ६  -
, ᯮ ᫥ १ࢭ  ஢ 0.
      ⠭ 䠩 㦭 ᯮ짮   -
 ⥩.    ᮤঠ  ⨭  㡫஢.   ᫨
䠩     ୥ 䠩 ⥬,   䠩 ⥬ 
2  㦭 . 3 0ਬ, 3 0⮡3 0 ⠭ 3 䠩
/u/stellar/data  १ࢭ  /u,  

     /stellar/data

     ⠭ 䠩 믮 ᫥騬 ࠧ.
     1.   sysadmsh  롥

     Backups->Restore->Partial

     2.  ࠭ :
.
                            - 6-22 -

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                     Partial  |
| Press <F3> to obtain a list of available media               |
|                                                              |
|  /tmp/sysadm                                 03/15/89  08:20 |
|                                                              |
|+-------------------- Restore File --------------------------+|
||                                                            ||
||       Media                     :    [               ]     ||
||       File to restore           :    [               ]     ||
||       Directory to restore to   :    [               ]     ||
||       Block size in Bytes       :    [512    ]             ||
||                                                            ||
||       Press <Return> to restore the file or <ESC> to       ||
||       abandon                                              ||
||                                                            ||
||                       [Restore]                            ||
||                                                            ||
|+------------------------------------------------------------+|
|                                                              |
|                                                   筮  |
|  <F3>  祭 ᯨ᪠ 㯭 ⥫        |
|              ⠭ 䠩                            |
|     ⥫:                        [        ]              |
|     ⠭ 䠩:          [        ]              |
|     ⠫  ⠭ 䠩: [     ]              |
|        :           [512  ]                 |
|      <Return>, ⮡ ⠭ 䠩,  <ESC>,    |
|      ᫨ ⮣                                  |
|                [⠭]                              |
|                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

     3. 砫    <F3>,   ⮡   ⨯ ⥫ 
। ᯨ᪠.  ᫥ ⮣,  ⥫ ࠭, 
  ⢥ত ⮢ ⥫:

     +-------------------------------------------------------+
     |    Please make sure the media is in the drive and     |
     |               the drive is on line.                   |
     |                                                       |
     | Press <Return> to format the disc or <ESC> to abandon |
     +-------------------------------------------------------+
         (, 㡥,  ⥫  ᪮ 
           ᪮  ⥬.
           <Return>, ⮡ ଠ஢ , 
           <ESC>, ᫨ ⮣   㦭)

     4. 㧨 ⮬ 1 १ࢭ   ⥫  -
 <Return>.     㤥 㤮⢮७,   ୥-
   Restore File (⠭ 䠩).   
 䠩,   ⥬    <Return>,   ⮡  ३    
Directory (⠫),    ⠫,    
⠭ 䠩().
.
                            - 6-23 -

     砭
       :
     *     ,      (/).
       ਬ, ᫨  ⠭ 䠩 /bin/foo, 
          bin/foo
     * ᫨     室 ⮯,   -
       ⠭ 䠩   ᠭ    ⮬  
       䠩  ⥬  .   㡥,   䠩  
       १ࢭ   -  ⮩ ᨨ,    㦭.
       ᫨   ⮬  㢥७,  ⠭ 䠩  ६-
        ⠫  (ਬ,   /tmp)   ࠢ   ⥪騬
       䠩  ᪥, ᯮ diff(C)  cmp(C).

     5.  ࠭  㠫쭠  ப, -
,  砥 cpio:

        cd /tmp; cpio -iudv -I/dev/frd096ds15 -C 512

     6. ᫨  ᯮ ⮬ cpio:  娢   -
 䠩,  ᫥ ⮣,  । 䠩 ⠭  㪠-
   ⪮ ᪥,   ࠭   .  
砥 室 㯠 ਣ襭 ᬥ ⮬.  ᫨ 
  䠩,    ⠭,   -
  । ⠭,    <DEL>. (ணࠬ -
 த    १ࢭ .)
     7. ᫨  ᯮ ⮬ xbackup: 㧨 ⮬ 1 १-
   ⥫   <Return>. ணࠬ 뤠
  ਯ஢ 䠩,    ,  ਣ-
   ⮬:

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|  file(s):  inode nn              ((): ਯ...)    |
|                                                              |
|  Mount desired dump volume: Specify volume #:                |
|        ( 㦭 ⮬ .   ⮬:)   |
|                                                              |
                            - 6-24 -

      "1"   <Return>. ணࠬ ᬠਢ ⮬
 ᪠    䠩  頥     
⪮ ᪥.
     ணࠬ 뤠 ਣ襭   ⮬   , 
    䠩. ᫥ ⮣  㢨

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|  Extract file filename                 ( 䠩 ...)    |
|                                                              |

     த ⠢ ⮬  浪,    㧨
 ⮬   ୥   .
.
                            - 6-25 -

           CPIO

     ⠭ ᥩ 䠩 ⥬  १ࢭ  cpio
믮 ,  祬   xbackup.  室 ।-
뢠 䠩 ⥬,  ⠪   cpio    "-
" 䠩  ⥬,     ᮢ㯭 ᪮஢ 䠩.
஬ ⮣,  cpio  ᯮ짮  ⠭ ୥
䠩 ⥬.     ⮦ 뢠  䠩,  
ᨨ  १ࢭ ,   䠩,  騥   १ࢭ
, ⠭ ஭묨.
      ⠭ 䠩 ⥬  १ࢭ   cpio
믮 ᫥饥.
     1. ⠢  ⮬  롥  sysadmsh:

     Backups->Restore->Full

      ࠭  ᫥饥:

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                        Full  |
| Press <F3> to choose from a list of filesystems              |
|                                                              |
|  /tmp/sysadm                                 03/15/89  08:20 |
|                                                              |
|+-------------------- Restore Filesystems -------------------+|
||                                                            ||
||       Filesystem to Restore     :    [               ]     ||
||       Media                     :    [               ]     ||
||       Block size in Bytes       :    [512    ]             ||
||                                                            ||
||       Press <Return> to restore the filesystem or <ESC> to ||
||       abandon                                              ||
||                                                            ||
||                       [Restore]                            ||
||                                                            ||
|+------------------------------------------------------------+|
|                                                              |
|                                                        |
|  <F3>  롮 䠩 ⥬  ᯨ᪠           |
|              ⠭ 䠩 ⥬                 |
|     ⠭ 䠩 ⥬: [        ]           |
|     ⥫:                           [        ]           |
|        :              [512  ]              |
|      <Return>, ⮡ ⠭ 䠩 ⥬,   |
|       <ESC>, ᫨ ⮣                       |
|                [⠭]                              |
|                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
.
                            - 6-26 -

     2.     䠩  ⥬   <F3>,  ⮡
   । ᯨ᪠.   ᤥ  ன⢠
 ⥫.  㤥 । ⢥न 롮.
     3.   ࠭  㠫쭠  ப,
ਬ,  砥 ⠭ 䠩 ⥬ /u १ cpio:

        cd /u; cpio -iudv -I/dev/frd096ds15 -C 512

     4.  ⠭ । 䠩   뢮 
࠭. ᫨ १ࢭ  ⮨  ᪮쪨 ⮬,   -
  ਣ襭 ⠢ । ⮬:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|   Reached end of medium on input
|   Change to part n and press <RETURN> key. [q]
|
|          (⨣  ⥫  .
|              n   <Return>.  [q])
|
     ᫥ 襭  ⠭ 㤥 뤠 ᫮
⠭ .
.
                            - 6-27 -

           XBACKUP

     ⠭ ᥩ  䠩  ⥬  -  ࠩ ,
 ᯮ,   ⨫  ⠫  
୥ 䠩  ⥬.  ⮩  ᫥ 짮-
 ஦:  ⥪ ଠ  䠩 ⥬ -
祭 㤥 ४.  ୥ 䠩 ⥬ ⠪ ᯮ-
 ⠭ .  ᫨ ୥  䠩  ⥬  뫠
祭     ᠬ㦠,    ⠭
 ࠢ,    ࠧ  "⠭  祭
䠩 ⥬"    "襭 ⥬ ஡" 㬥
"㪮⢮   ⥬"  (System   Administrator's
Guide);   ⮬ ᯮ ᪥ ਩ 㧪,  ᮧ-
  ⠭ ⥬. ᫨   ᮧ,  ਤ-
 믮  ⠭ 樮 ⥬,   -
ᠭ   "ୠ ⠭   ⥬" 㬥-
 "㪮⢮  ⠭" (Installation Guide).
     ⮡ ⠭  ୥ 䠩 ⥬   ⮬
xbackup, ᭠砫  㦭  "।" 䠩 ⥬  
divvy.  १  筥 ࠡ  ⮩ 䠩 -
, ᪠  "⠭ 楫 䠩 ⥬".
     楤 ⠭ 䠩 ⥬ ⮨  ᫥-
 蠣.
     1. ॣ  ⥬  㯥-짮⥫ (root)
    ᫥ :
     ᫨  ⠭ 䠩 ⥬  ࢨ 
(/dev/hd00) -
          divvy -b 1 -c 1
     ᫨  ⠭ 䠩 ⥬   
(/dev/hd10) -
          divvy -b 1 -c 1 -p 1
.
                            - 6-28 -

     2.   㢨  ⠡  ਬ୮ ᫥饣 ,   ⠪
  divvy:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  +--------+-----------+--------+---+-------------+------------+
|  | Name   | Type      | New FS | # | First Block | Last Block |
|  +--------+-----------+--------+---+-------------+------------+
|  | root   | XENIX     | no     | 0 |           0 |      47402 |
|  | swap   | NON FS    | no     | 1 |       47403 |      50368 |
|  | u      | XENIX     | no     | 2 |       50369 |      70368 |
|  |        | NOT USED  | no     | 3 |           - |          - |
|  |        | NOT USED  | no     | 4 |           - |          - |
|  |        | NOT USED  | no     | 5 |           - |          - |
|  | recover| NON FS    | no     | 6 |       70369 |      70378 |
|  | hd0a   | WHOLE DISK| no     | 7 |           0 |      70676 |
|  +--------+-----------+--------+---+-------------+------------+
|                  ..  N      ᫥.
|
|  70379 blocks for divisions, 298 blocks reserved for the system
|      (70379   ࠧ, 298 १ࢨ஢  ⥬)
|
|  n[ame]     Name or rename a division.
|                 (᢮   २ ࠧ)
|  c[reate]   Create a new file system on this division.
|                 (  䠩 ⥬  ⮬ ࠧ)
|  t[ype]     Select or change filesystem type on new filesystem.
|                 (   ⨯  䠩 ⥬)
|  p[revent]  Prevent a new file system from being created on...
|                 (। ᮧ  䠩 ⥬ )
|  s[tart]    Start a division on a different block.
|                 ( ࠧ  㣮 )
|  e[nd]      End a division on a different block.
|                 ( ࠧ 㣨 )
|  r[estore]  Restore the original division table.
|                 (⠭ 室 ⠡ ࠧ)
|
     3.   "c",  ⮡  ᮧ 䠩 ⥬.  
 ਣ襭   ࠧ (.  3):

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|   which division?  (0 through 6) --
|                                      ( ࠧ? ( 0  6)

      , ᮮ⢥騩 ᮧ 䠩 ⥬.

     砭
      ࠩ ஦ 롨 ᮧ 䠩 -
⥬. 祬,  ᫥ 室  divvy     ࠢ  
訡, ᯮ 롮 e[xit] (. ).
.
                            - 6-29 -

     4.    divvy,  ⮫쪮   "New File
System?" ( 䠩 ⥬?) ⮨ "yes" ().
     5. ᫨  ᮧ 䠩 ⥬ XENIX,  ⨯ -
  祭 AFS ( 㬮砭).  ⮡    ⨯
䠩 ⥬,   "t".    ਣ襭  
 ࠧ. ஢ ࠢ쭮 襣 . ⮡ -
,  "q".
     6.    ᫥  ⬥ ᤥ-
  , ० 祬   divvy:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  i[nstall]   Install the division set-up shown
|                          (⠭ ᮧ ࠧ)
|  r[eturn]    Return to the previous menu
|                          (  ।饥 )
|  e[xit]      Exit without installing a division table
|                          (室  ⠭ ⠡ ࠧ)
|
|  Please enter your choice:
|                          ( ࠭ )
|
     ᫨  ᤥ 訡,   "e",   ⨢ 砥 -
"i", ⮡ 䨪஢ ᤥ .    ᮢ-
ᥬ   divvy.   멤, ⥬ ந. -
 ᮮ饭:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  Making Filesystems                  ( 䠩 ⥬)
|

     7.   sysadmsh  롥

         Backups->Restore->Full

     砭
      ⠭ १ࢭ  ஢  0    㤥
  襩 䠩 ⥬.
      ᫨ 䠩 ⥬ 뫠 ०,    -
 業 ଠ.  । ⠭  ०
䠩 ⥬  㡥,     ०  १ࢭ
,  ன ந ⠭.
.
                            - 6-30 -

     8.  ࠭ :

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                        Full  |
| Press <F3> to choose from a list of filesystems              |
|                                                              |
|  /tmp/sysadm                                 03/15/89  08:20 |
|                                                              |
|+-------------------- Restore Filesystems -------------------+|
||                                                            ||
||       Filesystem to Restore     :    [               ]     ||
||       Media                     :    [               ]     ||
||       Block size in Bytes       :    [512    ]             ||
||                                                            ||
||       Press <Return> to restore the filesystem or <ESC> to ||
||       abandon                                              ||
||                                                            ||
||                       [Restore]                            ||
||                                                            ||
|+------------------------------------------------------------+|
|                                                              |
|                                                        |
|  <F3>  롮 䠩 ⥬  ᯨ᪠           |
|              ⠭ 䠩 ⥬                 |
|     ⠭ 䠩 ⥬: [        ]           |
|     ⥫:                           [        ]           |
|        :              [512  ]              |
|      <Return>, ⮡ ⠭ 䠩 ⥬,   |
|       <ESC>, ᫨ ⮣                       |
|                [⠭]                              |
|                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

     9.     䠩  ⥬   <F3>,  ⮡
   । ᯨ᪠.   ᤥ  ன⢠
 ⥫.  㤥 । ⢥न 롮.
     10.    ࠭  㠫쭠  -
, ਬ:

     xrestore fr /dev/frd096ds15 -C 512 /dev/u; /etc/fsck /dev/u

     11. 筨  ᫥   (஢ 0),   㦠
 浪 ⮬ ᮣ᭮ ਣ襭.
     12.     蠭 ⠭:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  Last chance before scribbling on /dev/name.
|
     ᫨  ७ த,   <Return>;  ⨢
砥  <DEL>.
.
                            - 6-31 -

     13.  ⠭     ஥  ६.
  䠧 樨 ,  ࠭ :

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  End of backup
|  The restore phase of /name has been successful.
|  The filesystem will be checked to ensure integrity.
|
|          ( १ࢭ .  ⠭ /name
|           믮 ᯥ譮.  ⥬ 㤥 ஢७
|            楫⭮)
|
     ⥬ sysadmsh 믮 ஢ 䠩  ⥬    -
 fsck(ADM).  ࠭ 멤 ᪮쪮 ᮮ饭 

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
|                           ( 1 - ஢ઠ   ࠧ஢)
|  ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames             (஢ઠ  ⥩)
|  ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity          (஢ઠ 吝)
|  ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
|                                  (஢ઠ 稪 饭)
|  ** Phase 5 - Check Free List      (஢ઠ ᢮ ᯨ᪠)
|  ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
|                          ( ⥬ 뫠 ஢)
|
     14.  ஢ઠ 䠩 ⥬ ,    ᭮
.
     15. ,  ᫥ 襭 ⠭  ⮬ ஢
0,  頥   ᮯ஢ 䠩 ⥬. -
 㭪 6-12   ,    믮 ⠭
१ࢭ   ஢ (1,  8  9),  뫨 ᤥ
 ਮ  ᫥ 㡫஢ ஢ 0  ⮬  -
० 䠩 ⥬.  ⠭   ⮬ 浪, 
஬  뫨 ᤥ (..   뢠饬 浪),  ⮡  
४   ᨨ 䠩  묨.
.
                            - 6-32 -

       

      ⮩      ᯮᮡ ᯥ祭 ᭮
 -  ࠧ   १ࢭ    ᥣ  ᮤন
䠩 ⥬.   䠩 ⥬   -
訬 (400 MB  )    ஢ ᠬ.   楯
஢ 㡫஢  (  ६  㡫஢)  맢
⮩ ஡.  ᭮  ६⭮ 㡫஢ -  -
   ⮫쪮  䠩,     ।饣
㡫஢.  ᠬ  ⥫쭮 ᮪  ࠧ  -
ࢭ   த⥫쭮 㡫஢.  ᬮਬ ᫥-
 奬:
     筮 -  㡫஢;
     쭮 - ,    ।饩 ;
      - ,    ।饣 .
 ,       㡫  䠩
⥬.     㡫  䠩,  訥 ᫥
।饩 ,     - 䠩, 訥  .
᫨      䠩 ⥬ 砥 ०,
 ਤ  ⠭ ᫥   ()
१ࢭ ,   ᫥     
, ᤥ  樤.   ࠧ,  ᥣ  -
஢ 䠩 ⥬,   १ࢭ .
        룫廊 , ॠ ६⭮ 㡫-
஢ ᫮.

     ਭ樯 ஢ ६⭮ 㡫஢

     ⮡  㡫஢   䥪⨢,   ।-
⢥ 㡫஢ ।ᬮ७ ᫥⥫  ஢, -
     ᫥ 㡫஢  -
 ஢. ন   ࠧ ஢ 㡫஢-
,    ⥬  ⥫
  ࣠樨 㡫஢.
.
                            - 6-33 -

        ஢   ࠭塞 䠩
        ----------------------------------------------
        0          䠩 䠩 ⥬
        1         , 訥 ᫥ ᫥
                  㡫஢ ஢ 0
        2         , 訥 ᫥ ᫥
                  㡫஢ ஢ 1
        3         , 訥 ᫥ ᫥
                  㡫஢ ஢ 2
        ..............................................
        9         , 訥 ᫥ ᫥
                  㡫஢ ஢ 8

        ஢    ᯮ짮    
ᨢ묨 䠩묨 ⥬;  ⥬ ᯮ  
᪮쪮 ஢. ஢ ।祭  ࠧ 㡫஢-
  ࠢ塞 .   ᢮,     㡫஢
 ஢  ᮧ १ࢭ   ᭮  ।-
饣 (襣  )  ஢.  ,  冷
㡫஢ ⢥,  ⢥  ஢.
     ।, ਬ,    뫨 ᤥ ᫥騥
१ࢭ :

         ஢   ஢ 䠩
     --------------------------------------------------------
     .     0       䠩 䠩 ⥬
     .      5       䠩, 訥  쭨
     ।      2       䠩, 訥  쭨
     .      7       䠩, 訥  ୨
     .      5       䠩, 訥  ।

      ਬ  祭,      ᯮ짮  -
樨 ࠡ ஢.  ,    㡫஢
࠭ 䠩,   訥 ᫥ 㡫஢  訬
  ஢ (ᠬ  ஢ - 0).  ⥫쭮,
 ⭨  ஢ 5 㤥 ᤥ १ࢭ  䠩,  -
 ᫥ 㡫஢  訬    ஢,
஢ 2,  ஥ 믮﫮  ।.   ୨  ஢ 5
 ࠭ ⮫쪮  䠩,    ।-
 ,   ⠪    ⢥ ।騩   ஢
㡫஢ - ஢ 0.  ᫨   㡫஢, ஬ -
쭨, 믮﫨  ஢ 5,   砥 㡫஢
  䠩,  訥 ᫥ 㡫஢ ஢ 0   -
쭨.

      ࠡ⠥ ᯨᠭ, ਭ⮥  㬮砭

      schedule,   ਭ   㬮砭,  ⠢ 
ਡ樥;   ᯮ ⮫쪮   ஢,     
 ⨬஢   ਬ  ⥬ 㬥७ -
 (8-10 짮⥫  饩 ᪮  200-400 MB).
.
                            - 6-34 -

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| #              1 2 3 4 5   6 7 8 9 10  1 2 3 4 5   6 7 8 9 10|
| # Filesystem   M T W T F   M T W T F   M T W T F   M T W T F |
|   /dev/rroot   0 x 9 x 9   8 x 9 x 9   1 x 9 x 9   8 x 9 x 9 |
|   /dev/ru      9 0 9 9 9   9 8 9 9 9   9 1 9 9 9   9 8 9 9 9 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

       㭮 6-5. ᯨᠭ, ਭ  㬮砭

      ⥬ /u

      ⥬ /dev/ru   ⥭ᨢ  ᯮ㥬
ᮬ.     १ࢭ  ண ஢-
.  奬 㦨  樨 ᮢ    ᨬ樨
; ᫨   ᪮쪮 १ࢭ    -
   ᯮ,  饩  筮  㤥
筮  樨   .
     ᭮ ᯨᠭ,  ਭ⮬  㬮砭,  㡫-
஢ (஢ 0) 䠩 ⥬ /dev/ru 믮  砫
. (  १ࢭ  ஢ 0  ୥  䠩
⥬   쭨,   १ࢭ  ஢ 0 
/u   ୨.)  ।  㡫஢ ஢ 9 
࠭ ⮫쪮  䠩 /dev/ru,   ᫥ -
஢ ஢ 0.     㤥 ⢮  ࠧ
襥 ᫮  ᪥  ,  祬 㦭   
㡫஢. ⥫쭮 ᮪頥  ६ 㡫஢. ᫨
㦭 ⠭ 䠩 ⥬  ᫥ ॣ஢-
 ﭨ,  ਤ ⠭ ᫥ १ࢭ -
 ஢ 0,   ⥬ -  १ࢭ    ஢-
, ᤥ   .
     ,   ୨ ந室 㡫஢ -
 ஢ (0, 1  8),  ஬ ࠭   砫 -
; ⥯   ᫥饥 㡫஢ ஢ 9 㤥 -
஢  ⮩ .   ⮣ १ࢭ  ஢ 9  
 १୮ 訬  묨.

      ⥬ root

     ୥ 䠩  ⥬  ᮤন 樮 ⥬ 
㣨 ⥬ 䠩.    ०,    㦭 -
஢  .   쭨  १ࢭ -
 襣 ஢,      - १ࢭ   ஢
9.    䠩 ⥬ /u, 㡫஢ ஢ 9 ᢮
 ⥬ ⮫쪮 䠩,     .
.
                            - 6-35 -

      ᯮ १ࢭ   ⠭  䠩-
 ⥬

      ।,   ந襫  ᡮ,  ࠧ-
訢訩 ଠ  ⪮ ᪥.  ⨬,   稫  
᫥ ⢥ ,   ࠧ । ⥬,    뫠
 ᤥ १ࢭ . ᫥ ⮣,  ஡  -
ன ࠭  ⥬  ⠭,  㦭 - -
⠭ १ࢭ . ⠭ ᫥ ਠ -
 ஢ 㡫஢  뢠饬 浪:
     * ஢ 0 (ᤥ   ୨ )
     * ஢ 1 (ᤥ  ⨩ ୨)
     * ஢ 8 (ᤥ  ⢥ ୨)
     * ஢ 9 (ᤥ  । ஬)
       㦭 ⠭ १ࢭ  ஢ 8, ᤥ-
   ன  ୨,   ⠪  ᫥   
஢ 1 뫠   䠩.  ⢥ ଠ,  ன
 墠⠥,   -     ⢥  ᡮ.   
稭 室 㡫஢;  ⠭  ᫥  ᡮ
ன    묨 ﬨ.

      7

      ࠩ஢ ன  ।  痢
________________________________________________________________

                                                  7-1
     ࠩ ன                                   7-2
            ⠭ ࠩ஢ ன                 7-2
            ⠭ ࠩ஢  ।⥫쭮
              䨣樥                               7-3
            ⠭ ࠩ஢  楤
            ன 窨                            7-3

                                 - 7-2 -

________________________________________________________________
     ࠩ ன

     ࠩ ன⢠    ।  UNIX ।⠢ ᮡ 
ணࠬ,  ᯥ稢    䨧᪨ ன⢠
   ।⢠,      樮 ⥬
 ࠢ 믮 権 /뢮    -
ன.
     ࠩ ன⢠ 筮 ⠢     ண-
ࠬ .  ⠭ ⮣ ணࠬ    -
    室      ⠭  䨧᪨
ன.      襭  ⮣  -
ன⢮ 㤥 ᯮ짮. ࠩ 筮  ᯮ-
⥫쭮 ணࠬ   楤ன ன 窨, 
 ନ஢ 裡  ࠩ஬  ஬.
     ⮡ ⮢  ⠭  ࠩ ன⢠ -
室 믮 ᫥騥 ⢨:
     * ᫥    ⥬   ⪫祭 ⠭ ⠭
       䨧᪮ ன⢮  ⥬    ᮮ⢥⢨  
       ﬨ  ந⥫.
     * 㧨 ⥬   ० প  ⥬. 
       樨,  ᠭ   ⠭,   믮-
         ⮬ ०.
     * ,  ⠭  痢. ᫨  
        ⠭,   ⠭       ᯮ    
       custom(ADM).
     * ⠭  ⠫,  ᮤঠ騩    痢 ⠪,
       ⮡  뫮  ।⢠ 䨣樨.
           cd /etc/conf/cf.d
       設⢮ 楤  ⠭,  ᠭ ,  
       믮  ⮬ ⠫.

     ⠭ ࠩ஢ ன

     樨  ⠭  ࠩ஢ ன ⫨-
     ⨯ ன.  室 짮 ⮫쪮
樥   ⠭,  ⠢塞      ணࠬ
ᯥ祭 ⭮ ࠩ ன⢠.

                                 - 7-3 -

     ᫥ ⮣,  ⠭  痢  祭 -
  ⠭,  㯨  ᫥騬 蠣  -
⠭ ࠩ,     ⮣ ,  ࠡ 㦥
뫮 ᤥ ⠢騪 ࠩ.
      ⠢騪 ࠩ஢    ࠩ  ⨫⠬
⮬᪮   ⠭   ࠩ,  ᮢ⨬묨    custom.
⠢  ,  祭  ⠢騪 ࠩ,  -
   :
     custom
 sysadmsh 롮 짮⥫: ⥬->ணࠬ ᯥ祭
     롥       ন  த⮢,  
᫥ ,  騬  ࠭.  Custom  
⠢塞      ࠩ஬ V-ᮢ⨬  ⥬ UNIX
ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ⮬᪮ ⠭.  ⠭-
 ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ࠩ ன⢠  ⠭
裡  ᨥ  UNIXa,  ஥ ᮤন  ࠩ -
ன⢠. ᫥ ⮣  custom  ᢮ ࠡ, ᫥ -
३  ᫥饬 蠣 ⠭, 筮 饬  -
஢ ᮧ   .    祭  ⠫쭮  ᠭ
  㬥樨 ⠭ ࠩ ன⢠.
     ᫨ ࠩ  ।⥫ 䨣 ᫥ -
 樨, ᠭ  "⠭ ࠩ஢  ।-
⥫쭮 䨣樥".  ᫨     ⠪,  ᫥ "⠭
ࠩ஢   楤  ன  窨",    ।
⢨, 室  祭 ࠩ  䨣 -
⥬.

     ⠭ ࠩ஢  ।⥫쭮 䨣樥

       ⠭ ࠩ  ⠢   -
ன ⠭  窨,  ᯮ㥬    祭  
ࠩ  ⥬.  ᫨ ⠪ 楤   ᪥,
 , :
     ./< 楤>

                              - 7-3a -

        楤     楤 ⠭ 窨.
設⢮ 楤 ⠭ 窨 ⠪ ᮧ  ᯥ-
  䠩  室  ࠡ ன⢠;  ᫨  ⠪,
१㧨 ,  ஥ ⥯ 砥  ࠩ. ᫨
楤  ⠭  窨  ᮧ ᮮ⢥騥 ᯥ-
 䠩  /dev,    ᮧ        
mknod(C).    祭  ஡ ଠ樨  ᮧ
ᯥ樠 䠩 ᬮ 蠣 10   "⠭  ࠩ஢  
楤  ன  窨"     㪮 
 mknod(C).

     ⠭ ࠩ஢  楤 ன 窨

     ᫨   ᪥,  ⠢塞  ࠩ஬,  -
 楤 ⠭ 窨,  ᫥ ⢨ ᠭ
 (᫨     ஡,      ⠢騪
ࠩ  祭 ):

                                 - 7-4 -

     1.  १ࢭ     ᫥饩 -
        :
     cp/unix/unix.old

     2.   ணࠬ ࠩ    ࠩ.  -
          ࠩ    .o  䠩  (筮  Driver.o) 
        ⠫樮 .   :
     ./routines Driver.o

________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
     ᫨   ᪮쪮 .  䠩,      ,  
⠭筠  ᮤন  祬  ࠩ.   .
䠩  㫥 ࠩ.    䠩    
ࠩ 筮  ᮤঠ    䨪,   
 ᮮ⢥饣 ன⢠.  ਬ,    ࠩ
   ਩   ன⢠   /뢮        
sioDriver.o.    蠣  2-10  楤,  
뢠   ࠧ,    ࠩ,   
 ⠭.
________________________________________________________________

     3. । ஢ ਮ 뢠.  ஢ ਮ-
         ࠩ  ,  饥  ப spl,  
         ᫥   0  7. 訩  ᫥-
        騩  spl   ஢ ਮ 뢠. -
        , ᫨  spl6  訬 ஢ ਮ-
        ,   ஢ ਮ 뢠 ன⢠  6.
        ⥬ ભ  spl ணࠬ  ᯨ᪠.
     4.   ᮮ⢥騥    ணࠬ ࠩ.  
        ணࠬ ࠩ  ࠨ 䨣樥 
        騩 䨪,  ⠪  sio.   䨪ᮬ ᫥-
           䨪ᮢ:open,  lose, read, write, ioctl,
     startup,  exit,  fork, exec, init, halt, poll, strategy,

     print,  _tty,  intr. ᫨  ணࠬ ࠧ 

         ⮬ ࠢ ભ   ᯨ᪠. ਬ, -
         3routines   sioDriver.o  ஦  让  ᯨ᮪
        ணࠬ,  稭  sio,    ttinit ணࠬ,
           ભ   ᯨ᪠, ⠪    -
        稭   sio. Sio ࠩ ᮤন ᪮쪮 㣨
        ணࠬ,   ⠪    ભ,  ⠪
          siopinit - - "p".  Sio - ᪫⥫ 砩:
        設⢮ ࠩ஢   ⠪  ࠢ 
        ணࠬ.

                                 - 7-5 -

     5. ।   ਩ ன⢠ -ਥ-
     ஢묨    ᨬ-ਥ஢묨  ன⢠.

        ᫨    ணࠬ    䨪ᮬ  strategy  
     print,  ன⢮  -ਥ஢. ᫨

        䨪  -  read,  write   ioctl,   ன⢮ ᨬ-
        -ਥ஢. ᫨  ணࠬ     -
        襯᫥ 䨪ᮢ,  ⠩,  ன⢮ -
        ᨬ-ਥ஢.
     6.  ⠫  /etc/conf/pack.d ,    
          䠩 ⠭ ࠩ. 
        ⢥  ⠫  ਬ 騩 䨪  䠩-
        .
        2mkdir /etc/conf/pack.d/prefix
        ᫨   ᯮ짮  ࠩ ⫨筮 
        饣 䨪 (.  ᯮ짮 樨 -h    
     configure,  ᠭ  ),  ᯮ   

         ⠫  䨪.
         䠩,  易  ࠩ஬    -
        ⠫. ᮪ 䠩 㤥  ࠩ  
        䠩 Driver.o. ᫨  䠩 ࠩ ⠪ ᮤন
        䠩 space.c  stub.c,   䠩 ⠪  ᮧ-
         ⠫.
        2mv Driver.o space.c stubs.c /etc/conf/pack.d/prefix
_______________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
     ᫨ ࠭  䠩  ⠭筮  ⭮
 祬   ࠩ (᪮쪮 . 䠩),   
䠩 稭   ᮮ⢥饣 ࠩ   
ࠩ      ⠭筮     (ਬ,  sioDriver.o,
siospace.c  siostubs.c).   ࠧ 䠩   -
  ⠫ /etc/conf/pack.d,  㤠 䨪   䠩-
 ⠪ ࠧ,  ⮡   뫨  Driver.o, space.c
 stubs.c. ਬ :
     mv sioDriver.o /etc/conf/pack.d/sio/Driver.o
     mv space.c /etc/conf/pack.d/sio/space.c
     mv stubs.c /etc/conf/pack.d/sio/stubs.c
       ᮧ ⠫       䠩
  ࠩ,   ⠭.
_______________________________________________________________

                                 - 7-6 -

     7.       ன⢠   ᫥饩
             쭥襣  ᯮ짮 :
     ./configure -j NEXTMAJOR

     8. 롥  뢠   ⭮  ன⢠.
        ᫨    ணࠬ   intr,   
        㪮  孨᪮ ᯥ祭   ⮣, ⮡
              㯭  ᯮ짮-
          ன⢮  뢠.  ⮡  -
          ᯨ᮪ 㦥 ⨢஢ ஢,   -
         :
         ./vectorsinuse
         ࠩ ᠭ ⠪ ࠧ,  
        ࠧ ஢,   襣 ᯮ짮
        ⥬ ४   ன  ।⠢
        ᢮ ᮡ⢥   ,  ᫨  .
        롥 室騥       -
        ன⢠   .
     9. ᯮ  configure  ᥭ ଠ樨 
          ࠩ  䠩 䨣樨 ⥬.   樨
         configure ஡ ᠭ  㪮⢥  ⮩
         (ADM).  configure  ᫥騩 ᨭ⠪-
             ப,  ..   
        Return  ⮣,   㤥   :
       ./configure -b -c -m <  ன⢠> - -m \
      <ᯨ᮪ ஢> -l <஢ ਮ 뢠>  -h \
      <  ன⢠>
         樨  ᫥騥 祭   ࠭祭  -
        짮 :
           -b ᯮ, ᫨ ⠭ -ਥ-
               ன⢮.
           -c ᯮ,         ᫨         ⠭
              ᨬ-ਥ஢ ன⢮.
           -m  ।⢮    ன⢠,
              । ࠭.
           -s ᯮ   樥 -h,  
               㤠  ᫥⥫   
                -m,-b   -c.   ⮪-ਥ஢
              ࠩ ᯮ  ﬨ -m  -c.
           -v ᯮ ⮫쪮 ᫨ ࠩ  intr  ண-
              ࠬ;  ।  ᯨ ஢ ।
              ࠭.
           -a । ᯨ  ணࠬ ࠩ,  -
                 routines  ન ᪫-
              ⥫ ⮢.

                                 - 7-7 -

           -l ᯮ ⮫쪮 ᫨ ࠩ   spl  ண-
              ࠬ;  । ஢ ਮ 뢠,
              । ࠭.
           -h ᯮ ⮫쪮  ⮣,  ⮡  㪠  
              ன⢠,  ⫨筮  䨪 ணࠬ ࠩ-
              ,     stream module     㪠
              䨪; ⠫ ⠫    /etc/conf/pack.d,
              ।祭    ࠭ 䠩  ࠩ,
                 ⮣ ன⢠.
        ਬ,  ⠭  䨣 ਩ ࠩ-
         /뢮, ᯮ :
     ./configure -c -m 5 -v 3 4 -a sioopen sioread siowrite\

     sioioctl siopoll sioinit sio_tty -l 7

        ⠭ ࠩ  㠫쭮  ᪠    
          ਬ஬,    ᥭ   䨣 -
         :
     ./configure -b -m 31 -a ramopen ramclose  ramstrategy  \

     ramprint

        ᯮ 樨 -s  -h,     䨣
        ⮪-ਥ஢ :
     ./configure -a nmi_init -s -h nmi

     10.  ⮣, ⮡ ணࠬ     
         ⠭  ன,  ᮧ  ᯥ樠 䠩
         ன⢠  /dev. 樠 樨  ⠭,
         ⠢塞   ன⢮,  ᮤঠ  -
          ᢥ   ᯥ樠쭮 䠩  㣨 -
         ࠬ, 易  .  ᮧ ᯥ樠쭮 䠩-
          ன⢠ ᯮ    mknod.  ।
          ᯥ樠쭮 䠩, ⨯ ன⢠( "b" -  -
         ਥ஢,  "c" -   ᨬ-ਥ஢),
             ன⢠    訩  ன⢠
         (뢠騩  ன⢠,  ࠩ   
         ).  ਬ,    ⮣ ⮡ ᮧ ᯥ樠
         䠩  ਩ ࠩ /뢮,  :
         /etc/mknod /dev/ttyla c 5 1
          ਢ ਬ  ᮧ  ᯥ樠  䠩
         ன:
         /etc/mknod /dev/hcd0 b 1 0
         /etc/mknod /dev/rhcd0 c 1 0
         /etc/mknod /dev/hqp c 7 0
         뢠 ᮣ襭  UNIX   ⠭  ᪮
         ன.   ᮥ   ᪮-
            㪠  ࠩ.   ᯥ樠쭮
         ᨬ-ਥ஢ ன⢠   䨪
         "r".

                                 - 7-8 -

     11. ன ,  ᮤঠ饥   ࠩ,  ᯮ
         ᫥ :
         ./link_unix
         sysadmsh 롮 짮⥫: ⥬->䨣->-
         ->஥
         ⠭ 痢  ஥ ६, ⮬ ᫥-
          ⢫   ᫥ ⮣,    -
         ⠭  ࠩ.
     12. 㧨  , ᯮ ᫥  :
         /etc/shutdown
         sysadmsh 롮 짮⥫: ⥬->襭
          ᮮ饭     㧪.      
         <Return> ⨢ १㧪 ⥬    -
           .
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
     ᫨     ஡      ஬, १㧨
/unix.old

________________________________________________________________
      8
     ன ࠡ ⥬
________________________________________________________________

                                                    8-1
          ਬ ᯥ樠쭮 । ᮢ       8-3
     । ᮢ    ⨫
       䨣樨                                         8-4
          ᯮ짮  ப configure          8-5
     䨣  砥 ﭭ ᮮ饭 
       訡                                              8-7
     䨣  믮                     8-8
           ࠨ   ࠨ               8-8
          樠 ॡ                            8-8
          襭 ᯮ짮 ᪠                     8-9a
            ᤥ            8-10a
          ࣠ 䠩 ⥬                      8-11
     । 䥪⨢ ᯮᮡ ᯮ짮 ⥬ 8-14
           ps                                        8-14
          ६ 짮⥫ $PATH                     8-15
     ᯮ짮 । ७ ந⥫쭮
         ஢ 䥪⨢ ⥬        8-16
          ᯮ짮 :   ࠭           8-17
          ᯮ짮 ஢: sar -b                     8-17
          ந⥫쭮  : sar -q              8-18
          ᯮ짮 : sar -u                  8-19
          ⥬ ⠡: sar -v                         8-20
          : sar -w                                   8-21
          ஢ઠ ࠡ ⥬  : timex        8-22
     ᠭ ࠨ ⥬ ࠬ஢            8-23
          ᪨                                      8-23
                                            8-25
          ,  ਯ 䠩  䠩
          ⥬                                           8-26
          , ࠢ   ᢮            8-29
                                                        8-31
          ࠭                                      8-32
          । ᮮ饭                                 8-32
                                                    8-33
                                           8-34
           ⥬                                       8-35
          ⮪                                      8-35
          p ᮡ⨩  p⢠                      8-38
          p⭮-ᨬ pp                     8-38
          pp p 㤠 䠩             8-38

                                  - 8-1 -

________________________________________________________________
     

      痢 ᮤন ⨫ configure(ADM), 
ᯮ   ᫠ ࠬ஢,    ࠡ
⥬.   ⮩         ࠬ
ਬ⥫쭮 ॡ 襩 ⥬.  ஬  ⮣,  祭
᭮ 楤,      ᯮ짮 -
ᮢ  ࠡ ⥬.
     ⥬ UNIX ⨬஢  ᯮ짮  ࠧࠧ-
묨 䨣ﬨ 孨᪨ ।        
ࠧ ਬ.  , ஥  楬 樮-
 ⥬, ࠢ ᫮ ᮢ ﭭ ᯮ,
᢮  ୮ .   :
        
               ७ , ᯮ-
              ࠭   ᯮ㥬  . (
            㢥稢  䥪⨢,  ⠪   ࠭
             ७ ,   㬥蠥 ᫮  権
            ⥭  ᪠).
        ⠡ 
               - ⠡,  -
             ஬  ࠭ ଠ樨    ⥪
            ,   ᮡ.
        㣨 ࠬ
            㣨 ।塞 祭,  ࠢ騥 ᯥ樠-
            묨 ᠬ (⠪  ᫮ 㯭  -
            ࠭  ⢮ ᨣ ன).
     ᯮ짮  ᮢ । 묨  ࠭-
栬,   㧨  ,     㣨
ᮢ.
     ன ࠡ ⥬ 易⥫쭮 ॡ  
ࢨ筮 ⠭ ⥬ UNIX.    ࠧ 㦠
⥬,   ⮬᪨  ஥  ⠭ 䨣-
,  㤮⢮ 設 権.   䨣-
, ,      ࠧ殬 ᯮ짮 ⥬
 ⭮ ਬ.  ⮬  ⥬ 
஢  ४䨣  㢥祭 䥪⨢ -
 ᯮ짮 ⥬  ࠢ  ⠭⭮  䨣-
樥 ⥬.

                                  - 8-2 -

________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
       ।⢠,    ன-
,      ४㥬    ࠬ      ᮡ
室.
________________________________________________________________
      ᪮쪮 稭   । ᮢ
⥬ :
     *   ⠭ ⥫   ⮬ 
       ।  .
     * ﭭ  ᮮ饭  訡,   -
       뢠,     । ,  ⠪  -
        ਯ 䠩   ⠡.
     * ६ ॠ樨 ⥬ ﭭ ᫨誮 ,   -
       砥,      祭    䥪⨢ ࠡ
       ⥬ (ਬ,  祭  ⠭ 䨧᪮ -
       ).
     *  室 ந  ⮣.  ⮡  ⢥-
       砫 ॡ ⭮ ਫ.
     ஬ ⮣,   ।,    ᮢ 
譨  䥪⨢ ।묨. । -
 ࠬ ⢥ ॡ  ⥬,  ⠭-
 ⥫쭠   楫 প ⥬  -
襣   ⢠   짮⥫.   ,      ,
ᯮ㥬  ⢥  ᮪-ந⥫쭮 ᮭ쭮
  ᯥ樠஢ ,  室
㢥稢 ࠨ ࠬ ,   ⠭
⥫쭠 .  筮, ன । ࠬ-
஢ 筮 易  ⠭ ⥫쭮     -
প  襣  ⢠ 짮⥫ (NBUF,  NCLIST  .)
  ᠬ  㬥  ந⥫쭮,  ⠪ 
  ࠬ 㢥稢 ࠧ ॡ㥬   ,
 㬥蠥 㯭 ࠧ    ࠡ 짮-
⥫.  ,  ᯮ짮 襣  
 ,    ,  ᯮ짮  㪮-
⢮  । ॡ  ன ࠬ஢.
      㣨  ஭  ன 䨣樨 ⥬,
ਢ騥  ⥫쭮 ﭨ  ࠡ ⥬. ਬ:
     * ࣠ 䠩 ⥬
     * ࣠ ⠫
     * 䥪⨢ ᯮ짮 $PATH

                                  - 8-3 -

     * ᯮ짮 ps,  sar,  ࠡ, 䨫஢ 
         㣨  ⥬  ⨫  । ⥯ -
       짮 ⥬.
      ⮩  ⠪ 㦤   ⮬,  㡥,
  ⥬ ࠡ⠥  ᨬ쭮 䥪⨢  
 ਬ.

     ਬ ᯥ樠쭮 । ᮢ

     樠 ਫ    ॡ ।
祢 ᮢ  ⥬    ⨬樨  ࠡ.  ਬ,
짮⥫, ࠡ騥  訬  ,  ,
 室 㢥 ᫮ । 䠩   ⭮-
  ⥪饬  䠩,  ⠭  ⥬. 짮-
⥫,   ॡ ᯥ樠 ।,  ਬ, ⠪
 ࠢ ᮮ饭ﬨ,   ,    -
஥ 㢥祭 ᪮ ࠡ ⥬   ᮥ  
।.
     襭  ⨬樨  ᯮ짮    ᮢ
ᬠਢ  襭  ன .    
࠭祭 ।⠢ ⤥  ࠬ஬  .  騥
祭  ࠬ஢    ⨫ configure.

                                  - 8-4 -

________________________________________________________________
     । ᮢ    ⨫ CONFIGURE

     ⨫ configure   ᯮ㥬 -ਥ-
஢ ணࠬ,  ।⠢    
 䨪,  ⠭ । ᮮ⢥ -
ᮢ,  ।  ,    楤  ⠭ ।
link_unix,    ୥ ⠫,   १㦠 
  .
     ⮡  - ࠬ   室  믮-
 ᫥騥 ⢨:
     1. १㧨 ⥬    롥  짮⥫᪨
        ०(० ᮯ஢).
     2. ᯮ  custom (ADM)  ⮣, ⮡ ।-
         ⠭    痢 (LINK). -
         , - ⠭     custom.
     3. ᫥ ⮣,   㡥,   痢 -
        ⠭,  ᫥騥 :
             cd /etc/conf/cf.d
             ./configure
     sysadmsh 롮  짮⥫:  ⥬->  䨣->

        -> ࠬ
     4.  ࠭ ⮡ࠧ  ⨫ configure:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|       1.  ᪮                                      |
|       2.                                      |
|       3.  ,  ਯ   䠩 ⥬    |
|       4.  , ࠢ   ᢮             |
|       5.                                                  |
|       6.  ࠭                                        |
|       7.  । ᮮ饭                                   |
|       8.                                              |
|       9.                                     |
|       10.  ⥬                                         |
|       11. ⮪                                        |
|       12. । ᮡ⨩  ன⢠                        |
|       13. ⭮-ᨬ ࠬ                       |
|       14. ࠬ ࠧ 㤠 䠩              |
|                                                               |
|    롥 ⥣  ࠬ஢,   ४䨣-   |
|    樨, ࠢ    "1"  "14"  "q"  室:    |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

                                  - 8-5 -

        롥 ⥣     ᮮ⢥饣 -
        .   ࠭ ⮡ࠧ   㣨 
        ⮩ ⥣ਨ,    ᢮ ⥪騬 祭. -
          祭  ⮣    ⠢  
        ⥪饥 祭  ⨥  <Return>. -
         ⮣   ⮡ࠦ   ࠭ -
        ਨ,  ⨫ configure 頥    ᯨ᪮
        ⥣਩ ࠬ஢. 롥  ⥣ ࠬ-
        ஢      ⨫ ⨥ 
        "q".
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
      ⬥,    ணࠬ ,  ᮮ⢥騩
塞 ࠬ,   ⢮, ⮡ ⢨⥫쭮
ᯮ짮  ᮮ⢥騩 ࠬ.  ਬ,  
Stream   ⠭  ࠬ஢ ⮪,  ⮡ 
䥪.
________________________________________________________________
     5. ᫥ ⮣,       ࠬ,  
            .  ᫥ :
     ./link_unix

     sysadmsh 롮  짮⥫:  ⥬->  䨣->

        -> ஥
           ᮡࠥ   㫥    -
        , ஥   ⥯ ⠭.  -
          ࠧ  "஢  ⠭  -
        "   " ࠩ஢  ன    
         痢".

     ᯮ짮  ப configure

     ⨫ configure  ⠪ 䥩    ப,
ᯮ㥬  ࠧࠡ稪 ணࠬ ਫ. ਬ,
ࠧࠡ稪   蠥,   室 ࠧ -
६ 70 䠩  50, ⮣   ᯮ짮 -
楤 ⠭ ।  ⮣, ⮡ 믮 ४䨣.
 ⮣,  ⮡  । ⥪饥 祭 ண 
䨣樨, ᯮ  䥩    ப,   ᫥
:

                                  - 8-6 -

     2./configure -y RESOURCE
      RESOURCE  -    ࠨ  ࠬ (ࠥ
ய묨 㪢).  ⮣ ⮡  祭 ண
, ᯮ  ப, :
     2./configure  RESOURCE=<祭>
      䥩     ࠪ⨢; 
       䨣    
䥩ᮢ.
     騩 ࠧ 뢠 ⢨ 室   ४-
䨣樨 ᮢ .

                                  - 8-7 -

________________________________________________________________
     䨣  砥 ﭭ ᮮ饭  訡

     뢠 樨,   樮 ⥬ 뤠 ᮮ-
,  ॢ襭 ⥬ ࠭祭.  ᮮ饭 뤠
  ப  ࠭ ᮫.      
ଠ樮묨. 㣨 । ਩ ﭨ -
,  ⮬ 砥 뢮 ⥫ ᪨ ᮮ-
饭   ⥬ "ᠥ",  ॡ ⥫⢠  १-
㧪.  ᫥   䨣  ,  ᫨  ᮮ饭
祭  ࠧ,    ᪮쪮 ࠧ,   ⮫쪮  ⮬ -
砥,    ⮦ ᮮ饭  ﭭ.
     ᫨  砥   ᮮ饭 ᫥  ⠡-
 8.1,    ᮮ⢥騥 ࠬ ன
 祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨. ᫨  室-
  ॣ㫨஢ , ஡ 㢥  砫 
祭   稭,  ᫨ ஡ ⠥,  ᫥-
  㢥 祭   100%    ⭮⥫쭮
 ࢮ砫쭮 祭. ᫨ ஡    㤥 -
襭,    ᫥  ⠫쭮 ᫥   ।-
,   ணࠬ  ᫥⥫쭮 ਢ  訡.

                                  - 8-7a -

                    8.1
 饭  訡  易   ࠨ ࠬ
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|  饭  訡                     | ࠬ    |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|iget-inode table overflow                      |   NINODE     |
|(९ ⠡ iget-inode)              |              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|timeout table overflow                         |   NCALL      |
|(९ ⠡ ⠩⮢)               |              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|file table overflow                            |   NFILE      |
|(९ ⠡ 䠩)                  |              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|mfree map overflow n(*)                        |   SPTMAP     |
|(९  mfree)                     |              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|Region table overflow                          |   NREGION    |
|(९ ⠡ ॣ)                |              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|configured value of NOFILES n(*) is less than  |   NOFILES    |
|minimum(greater of the maximum)                |              |
|[祭 NOFILES  䨣樨         |              |
|쭮( ᨬ쭮)]            |              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|stropen: out of streams                        |   NSTREAM    |
|(室   ᫮  ⮪)    |              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|swapdel - too few free pages                   |   MINASMEM   |
|(㤠 ᢮ - 祭  ᢮ ࠭)|              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|stropen: out of stream                         |   NSTREAM    |
|(室   ᫮  ⮪)    |              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
|stropen: out of queues                         |   NQUEUE     |
|(室  ᫮  ।             |              |
| ⮪)                              |              |
+-----------------------------------------------+--------------+
     (*) 祭  n 㪠뢠 ⢨⥫쭮 祭  ᮮ-
  訡.

                                  - 8-8 -

________________________________________________________________
     䨣  ⨬쭮 ࠡ ⥬

     ⥬ ᪮䨣஢ ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡ 讥 -
⢮  ᮢ  뫮 ।祭  襭 設⢠
 ,  ⠪  ⥭    ,  믮-
  設⢠ ᯥ樠  (⠪    ஬-
묨 ᠬ)   ஢.    -
      ⠭      ᮮ⢥⢨      㠫묨
ॡﬨ.

      ࠨ   ࠨ

      ⥬ ন  ६  ࠡ  -
⢠ 짮⥫.    짮⥫  ⠪ -
⥬ 筮  ⥫쭠      ࠨ
⥬ ࠬ ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡  ࠡ⠫  -
䥪⨢.   ᭮  砥  ⮬,   ।
      㢥祭 ࠧ -
  .    ᭮  ⥬ ন
ࠡ 襣 ᫠ 짮⥫.  ,  ⠪  
 㢥稫,  室  ६   ᬮ, 
⢨⥫쭮 㢥祭 । ࠬ஢   ᠬ
  ࠡ ⥬.  ਬ,  㢥祭  ࠬ
NPROC  ⥬ ন 訩 ᯨ᮪ (⠡ -
ᮢ) ⨢ ᮢ.       ⭮
ﭨ  ஢騪 , ⠪   ⥯ 㦤 ᬠ-
ਢ  让 ᯨ᮪  ࠧ,   ⠭, -
    ᫥騬. ஬ ⮣, ⠪  㢥祭
     㢥祭 ࠧ ⠡, ⠥
     짮⥫᪨ ᮢ,    ⠪
᭨  ந⥫쭮.

     ॡ  ᪫⥫ 

      ᯮ짮  襩 ⥬ ⠢  । -
 ࠨ । ࠬ  ⤥ .
 砥    ॡ  ᮧ  祭 訥
䠩.    ᮢ襭 ।⢮ ᮧ  ਢ-
஢ 짮⥫    䨪樨 "ulimit"  ⤥쭮
,   믮  㯥௮짮⥫. ୠ-
⨢ 襭       ⥬
祭 ULIMIT   짮⥫. ࠬ ULIMIT  㣨
 騥  ࠭祭  ᮡ࠭  ⠡ 8.2.  ०
祬 ᤥ  蠣  ன 䨣樨, ᫥
  ࠧ "ᠭ ࠨ ࠬ஢"  -
祭  ஡ ଠ樨.

                                  - 8-9 -

                    8.2
           ன  ᮡ 砥
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|     襭                   |   ࠬ       |
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|襭 ࠡ  ⥬*   ⠭ |  NBUF,NHBUF       |
|⥫쭮                      |                   |
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|㣨 ࠬ  易    ந-|  NAUTOUP,MAXSLICE,|
|⥫쭮 ⥬                        |  BDFLUSHR,        |
|                                          |  AGEINTERVAL      |
|                                          |  (. ⠪ - |
|                                          |    ࠬ- |
|                                          |   )             |
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|७ ⥬  ࠭祭  砥|  NCALL,NINODE,    |
|⠭ ⥫쭮  (ᯥ-|  NSINODE,NFILE,   |
| 襣 ᫠ 짮⥫; 㬥-|  NPROC,NREGIONS,  |
|  ⥬ 訡   砥|  NCLIST (.⠪-  |
|ᨫ쭮 㧪  .)                   |   ᮮ饭,    |
|                                          |  ।⢠ ᨭ- |
|                                          | 樨  ࠬ-|
|                                          |  ࠧ -|
|                                          | )             |
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|짮⥫ 室  ᮧ 訥|  ULIMIT           |
|䠩                                     |                   |
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| 짮⥫  室 뢠|  NOFILES          |
| 䠩                             |                   |
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| 짮⥫  室 ᪠|  MAXUP            |
|襥 ᫮ ᮢ                   |                   |
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|㣨 ⥬ ࠭祭,   -|  SHLBMAX,FLCKREC, |
|                            |  SPTMAP,NUMXT,    |
|                                          |  NUMSXT,PRFMAX,   |
|                                          |  (. ⠪       |
|                                          |  STREAMS  -  |
|                                          |    RFS)      |
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|                                    |  PUTBUFSIZE,      |
|                                          |  DO387CR3         |
+------------------------------------------+-------------------+

                                  - 8-9a -

     * ,    㢥祭  ࠧ  - 㢥稢
 ⮣,   ᯮ㥬   뢠
 ,   뢠  ᪠.  ᨬ  ⭮-
 ᯮ짮 ⥬,  㢥祭 砥 ୮ ᯮ-
        饬 㢥祭 ந-
⥫쭮 ⥬.     業ਥ ᯮ짮
⥬       ⥫쭮 襭 ࠡ.  
"⠭ ࠧ஢ -".

     襭 ᯮ짮 ᪠

     /뢮  ᪠   㧪 ⮬  ࠡ -
.     㯥  ன ᪮ ⥬ 
 襣 ᯮ짮.
     * 롮 饣 ᫮ ஢.
     * ࣠ 䠩 ⥬  樥 ࠡ ᪠.

                                  - 8-10 -

     ⠭ ࠧ஢ -

     ࠬ NBUF । ⢮ ஢  1  ⥬-
 -.        ᯮ짮
   砩,  ᫨   ᭮  .  ᫨
   ⥭     㤮⢮७ ᯮ짮-
 -,   ᪠, ந⥫쭮 ⥬ 㢥-
     ⮣,   樨   ஢ -
⥫쭮 ॥,  祬 ᪮ 樨.  NHBUF  㪠뢠  ᫮
஢ ⥩    -.    ஢,
⥬  砥,        , 
 뢠  ᪠,     ६. ⭮襭
㤠 ⮪ ⥭    ,  ⮡ࠦ    
sar-b 뢠  ᪮쪮  䥪⨢ ࠡ  ⥬.
祭 ࠬ NHBUF   浪 2; ஬ ⮣, -
祭 NBUF   祭 NHBUF  ਡ⥫쭮 ࠢ-
 4.
     祭 NBUF    NHBUF  䠩 mtune  襩 -
ࠢ 窮  -.  祭 ᭮ 易  -
樥 襩 ࠡ祩 㧪 ⥬.  稢 NBUF 
NHBUF  ன 窨,   ந⥫쭮 -
⥬.  ⥬  2 ⠬  ,  ࠢ, ⤠
 250   ,  ⮣  ⥬  4 ⠬ -  
400     .  ,  ᫨ ࠧ饭 ᫨誮 
஢,    墠⠥   䥪⨢ ࠡ  짮-
⥫᪨  ᮢ  㢥稢 ᢮,  믮塞 -
.    筮 ⮨    䥪⨢  ⥬,
祬  뤥  襣  ୮  ࠭⢠.  ᫨ 
sar-b, 뢠,    襩 ⥬ swpot/s  祬  1.0,
  ஢ 樮쭮.  ஬ ⮣,  㢥祭
᫠ ஢, 㦨 ஬, 㢥稢 ६  믮-
 ணࠬ ,  ⢥  ।  ᢮
஢.
     ᫨  訫  ᫮ ஢,   ᫥ ⮣,  
⥬ ࠡ⠫     ⮣,  ஢  ந-
⥫쭮 ⥬,  ᮡ १ ⨢ 権 ᢮-
. ᫨ ⠪ ⨢  ,  㬥 ᫮ -
஢.

                                  - 8-10a -

         

      諮,    ⥬ UNIX   ணࠬ
㢥稢  ࠬ ன     -
-  㯥ନ.  筮   ⥬
ন 襥 ᫮ 짮⥫  ⮫   -
࠭祭ﬨ ⥬   ६ ⥭ᨢ 㧪 ⥬.  
짮⥫᪮ । ᮭ쭮 ,  , 
   ॡ  㢥祭 ࠨ ࠬ-
஢ .    稭,  㪠 ,  ࠭ 砫
࠭祭 ⥬   ᯥ ⨬ ந⥫-
,   ⠭ ⥫쭠 .

                                  - 8-11 -

         ⠡ 8.1,  祭 ࠬ஢, ਭ
 㬮砭,  ।  䠩 mtune  ⥬ ਬ-
⥫쭮  ⥬  2 ⠬ ,   ன ४-
  祭 ࠧ஢ . ᫨  ⥬ -
 䨣  訬 ᫮ 짮⥫,  5  
짮⥫,    ⥫   㢥-
  ࠬ ⠪, ⮡ ⥬ ࠭祭  -
 ॢ襭,  ய樮쭮 㢥 ࠧ -.-
祭   ࠬ஢      3--    4--⭮
䨣樨 .    ஡ ⠭  ᭮
० ࠡ ⥬ । ⥬,  ந , ⥬
஢ ⥬ ࠬ,   ⮬ ᭮ ஢ -
 ⥬.  訩 室  । ⮣, 蠥-
  蠥 ࠡ ⥬  १  ࠬ-
஢.
                           8.3
       ᨬ 祢 ࠬ஢  ࠧ 
+----------------+--------------------------------------------+
|    ࠬ    |                                |
|                +------------+----------------+--------------+
|                |    2 M     |      3 M       |      4 M     |
+----------------+------------+----------------+--------------+
|NBUF            |    250     |      300       |      400     |
|NHBUF           |     64     |       64       |      128     |
|NCALL           |     30     |       40       |       50     |
|NINODE          |    150     |      200       |      300     |
|NS5INODE        |    150     |      200       |      300     |
|NFILE           |    150     |      200       |      300     |
|NREGION         |    210     |      250       |      300     |
|NCLIST          |    120     |      140       |      170     |
|NPROC           |    100     |      120       |      150     |
+----------------+------------+----------------+--------------+

     ࣠ 䠩 ⥬

      ⮬ ࠧ 뢠  ⢨,  ।ਭ  
㬥襭 ᫠ 饭  䠩.   ᯮ짮 䠩
⥬  ⤥ 䠩   ⥭ ࠭
 ᥬ ,   ᫥⥫쭮 /뢮 ⠭  -
䥪⨢. - ⮣ ࠭ ࠧ 宩 冷
   ࣠ ⠫.

                                  - 8-12 -

     ࣠ ᯨ᪠ ᢮ ⥩  䠩 

       ࠧ 䠩 ன ⠪ -
,  ⮡ ᯥ 䥪⨢ ஢ 権 ⥭  
 䠩.  ᮪ ᢮ ⥩ ᮧ ⮣, 
ᮧ 䠩 ⥬     mkfs(ADM). ,
  稭  䠩(..   ࠧ  -
६ ), 䥪⨢ ࠡ 㬥蠥.  䠩 ᮧ-
  ࠧ,     ,   ᯨ᪠ ᢮-
 ⥩.    । 䠩  
浪.     ,  ᯨ᮪ ᢮ ⥩ ⠪
࠭  ᥬ ,    । 䠩-
  ᢮ .

     ࣠ ⠫

     ࣠ ⠫  ⠪   ந⥫쭮
権 /뢮.  ஡   ६  ६饭
짮⥫ ᢮ 䠩.   䠩 㤠  ⠫,
⮣  ਯ ⮣ 䠩 㫨. - ⮣
ࠧ ᯮ㥬   ⮣ ਯ; १ -
஥ ६ ᫮ ⠪    ⠭ ᫨誮 訬.
᫨     ⠫    100 䠩  㤠  99
䠩,   ⠫ ᮤন 99  ᯮ㥬 , 
16 ⮢ ,   । ⨢ ᭮ -
ਯ 䠩. 㬥,  ⠫  ८࣠  ᪥,
 㤥 ࠭  ᨬ ࠧ,  - 稫.

     ⠭ 襩 ࣠樨 䠩 ⥬

        ⮬᪨  ⥩  襭  ஡;
,     ८࣠ 䠩 ⥬.  -
 ᪮쪮 ⥩ ८࣠樨.  ,    1
 3 ,  ਢ , 䠩 ⥬() ()  ࠧ-
஢().
     1.   ८࣠樨 ᯨ᪠ ᢮ ⪮,  ⨢-
          fsck(ADM), ᯮ  -s
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
     ࣠ ᯨ᪠  ᢮  ⪮    ন
䠩 ⥬ AFS.
________________________________________________________________
                                 - 8-13 -

     2.  ८࣠樨 ⤥  ⠫, ᯮ-
          cpio(C) -pdm  ஢   ६-
            ,  㤠   ࢨ ,  
        ⥬ ᯮ  cpio -pdm   ஢  
        ⭮  ࢮ砫쭮 .
        ᯮ ᫥  ப:

        2find 1sourcedir2 -print | cpio -pdm destdir

         sourcedir -  室 ⠫;  destdir - 
        ⠫,    ६頥  -
        . ᫥ 祭 ⢥ত ⮣,   -
          ᪮஢, 㤠  室 -
        ⠫.   ,   ந     㪠  
         ப,  ᠭ ,   ⠫,  
         뫮 ஢ ६饭 室   ⠫,
          室 ⠫,    믮    
        ᭮.  ᫥  㤠 ६ ⠫,  
        襣 室 ⠫ 㤥 ८࣠.

     3.  ८࣠樨 䠩 ⥬  ᯮ-
          롮  sysadmsh  "Backups( १ࢭ )"
         믮 ஢ 㡫஢  㫥
        ஢  䠩  ⥬.  (஡  ᠭ  
        ࠧ " १ࢭ  䠩 ⥬" ⮣
        㪮⢠).      ᮧ १ࢭ 
        㤥 襭,  ᫥   ⠭
        ᥩ 䠩 ⥬.

     4. ᫨     ᪠, ⠭ ࠢᨥ
        । 䠩 ⥬.

                                  - 8-14 -
________________________________________________________________

     । 䥪⨢ ᯮᮡ ᯮ짮 ⥬

     ᫥ ⮣,  ந ன   㭪権 -
,  ࣠ 䠩 ⥬,  ᫥騬 蠣  㢥-
 ந⥫쭮  ⥬ 㤥 믮 㦥 㭪-
権   ஢ઠ  ⮣,  㬥訫     ६   ࢮ砫쭮
㧪. ⢥⢥    ⥬  ஢
᫥饥 :
     *  ᬥ訢   ࠡ   묨
     * ࠭  㦭 ⢨
     * ᯫ஢  । ࠡ    ६,  
       ⥬  
     * 䥪⨢  । 짮⥫  , ⠪
        1profile3  $PATH

      ps

      ps(C) ᯮ  祭 ଠ樨   -
⨢ .    "⠫" ⨭ ⮣, 
ᥩ ந室,  뢠 祭 ,   ⠥-
 ,    ந室  ⥬.   ⭮
  ⮬ ६,    뢮 ; ,
   ᮢ 祭 TIME (  ᥪ㭤 ࠡ
   ᮢ)  STIME (६  砫 ).
       । "騩"  (,  墠-
뢠   ᮢ ⥬  ਮ ६,   祭
ண     ),    ।,   
᪠. ,   ⠪      
⠭  kill(C). ᫨  ⢨⥫쭮 室騩 
 ஫ ,   㤥 த  ⥬
,   ⥬    ᭥.   ⠪ "㡨"
 ⢥ ।⢮ ४   १-
㧪.
        ,  믮 ᫨誮 -
,    ᯮ짮  cron(C)  ⮣,  ⮡ -
   祭 ॢ饣 ६.

                                  - 8-15 -

     ६ 짮⥫ $PATH

     $PATH ᬠਢ   믮  . ।
⮡ࠦ   ࠭ ᮮ饭 "not found( )" ⥬
 ᬮ  ⠫ $PATH.  ᬮ ॡ-
 ६  ,  ⠪  ᪠. ᫨   
 㧪 ⮬  ࠡ ⥬,   易 
,   ந⥫쭮 ⥬.
       ஢ । 짮⥫᪨ ६:

     * 䥪⨢ 

       $PATH ⠥ ᫥ ࠢ, ⠪ ⮡ । -
       宦    ࢮ  ᫥ ⥩ (/bin
        /usr/bin).   ⠪,  ⮡  ⠫ 
       﫨   ࠧ  ன .

     * ⢮  祫᪨ 䠪

       짮⥫   ⤠ ।⥭ ᬮ ⥪饣
       ⠫ । ⥬  ᬠਢ    ᫥-
        ⥩ (:/bin).

     *  

        ᭮, ६ $PATH     -
        ⮢.

     * 1ᬮ  3⠫

         訥 ⠫     .
        訥 ⠫   ६ $PATH.

                                  - 8-16 -
________________________________________________________________

     ᯮ짮 ।  ७ ந⥫쭮  -
஢ 䥪⨢ ⥬

     樮 ⥬ ᮤন    ।    ७
ந⥫쭮 ⥬.   ⥬  ᯮ-
  ।⢠  樨    ஡.    ⮬
ࠧ ᠭ ᫥騥 ।⢠ ७ த⨢:

     sar   ࠡ⠥  ७ ⥬묨 ॣࠬ ᮢ-
            ⥫쭮 ⥬  ⠢    
           ࠧ ᯥ⠬ ࠡ ⥬.
     timex ⠢    ࠡ ⥬   -
           ᠬ  ६ 믮   ணࠬ.

     ७ ⨢  ᫮ ᮤঠ  
稪.  ࠧ  믮 樨 騢 ᮮ-
騩 稪.  ⨫ sar(ADM) ᯮ  -
஢ ⥬ ஡.   ᪨  -
饣   ஫  ﬨ    ᯮ짮    
業ࠫ쭮 .   ।⢮     ஢
祭  稪.   ᫥ ࠧ ਢ ਬ
ᯮ짮  ।.   ᫥ ࠧ ⠪ 㦤-
 㭪樨,  묨  ࠢ   ⨫ sar. 
⮬ ࠧ 뢠 樨 sar c  室  ଠ-
樨   ७,  祭    権.  Sar 
ᯮ짮  ⮣, ⮡ ᮡ   ࠡ ⥬, 
⠪  롮 ⮣,   뫮   ଠ樮 䠩-
,  ᮧ sa1  sa2 .  sa1  sa2 樨  ⠬,
饭묨  䠩 crontab sys.
     ᭮ ᨭ⠪  sar  ᫥騩 :

     2 sar <> t

     
     <>     権, ᠭ  ᫥ ࠧ.

         t        ࠭ ࢠ  ᥪ㭤,  ਭ
                  祭 5  .

        ᯥ  ࠡ ⥬  祭 ࠭
ࢠ ६,  ᫨      ॠ쭮 -
;  ⨢ 砥  ⮡ࠦ ࠭ ᮡ࠭ 
 ⠫ /usr/adm/sa.   祭 襩 ଠ樨  
   '  ᮡࠥ  ᬮ 㪮⢮ 
 sar(ADM).

                                  - 8-17 -

      ਬ   ⥬  2 ⠬ ᭮ -
  ⪨ ᪮  30  .  室  ଠ
   ⨯  祭   짮⥫᪮ 㧪
⥬. 祭,    砥,    ⫨  
祭  ਬ,  ᨬ  襣 ணࠬ ਫ-
  ஫쭮 .   ६ ன ⥬  ४-
 ᯮ짮  ஫     ⠢ ⥬
 ⠭ 㧪,  ⮡ ࠨ ⥬  ।-
⢥   ⭮ ਬ.

     ᯮ짮 :   ࠭

     । ᫮  ⥬  ᪮  ஢ (  -
 ⨫ configure,   ,  ᯮ  祭  
㬮砭),  䥪⨢  ࠧ  㯭   
㫠:  ᪮  㫮  ࠭ 㫮.  ࠭
 ᮤন ணࠬ,    믮,  -
 ᯮ짮 ࠭  ணࠬ.  ᫨  ࠭  
᫨誮   㧪,   ⥬,  ⥬ -
 ﭭ  ࠭ 㤠  ⭮,  ⮡  ⮫쪮
ঠ ⥪騥 .
     ᫨ ࠭  ⮫쪮 ᫥   ࠧ, 䥪
㤥     㢥祭 ,    㬥襭 ࠡᯮ-
ᮡ   ୮ ண     ணࠬ. 
砥,  ࠭ 筮  䥪⨢ ࠡ⪨ ⥪-
 ணࠬ,    墠⠥  ࠭  ᯮ㥬
࠭     ⮣,  ⮡  ⥭樠  
.
      ᯮ짮  sar   ।, ᪮쪮
ணࠬ  ⢮    祭  ࢠ
६. ᫨ 祢 १ ᢮,   -
  ⠪,  ⮡ 㢥 ࠭ .  (.  "-
: sar -w"  ଠ樨  ⥪饬 ஫ ᢮).

     ᯮ짮 ஢: sar -b

      -b     ࠡ ஢:

     bread/s    । ᫮  䨧᪨ ,  뢠 
                ⥬   ᪠ ( 㣮  --
                ஢ ன⢠)  ᥪ㭤.
     lread/s    । ᫮ ᪨ ,  뢠 
                ⥬ ஢  ᥪ㭤.
     %rcache     ᪮ ⥭  ⥬ -
                (100%  ⭮襭 breads/lreads).

                                  - 8-18 -

     bwrit/s    । ᫮ 䨧᪨ , 뢠 
                ⥬ ஢   ( 㣮  --
                ஢ ன⢮)  ᥪ㭤.
     lwrit/s    । ᫮ ᪨ , 뢠 
                ⥬   ᥪ㭤.
     %wcache      権  ᪮     -
                (100%  ⭮襭 bwrit/s  lwrit/s).
     pread/s    । ᫮ ᮢ 䨧᪮ ⥭   -
                㭤.
     pwrit/s    । ᫮ ᮢ 䨧᪮     -
                㭤.
        祭  㤠筮 ᮮ⭮襭
%rcache  %wcache,  ஥ 뢠 䥪⨢ ࠡ -
⥬ ஢.  ᫨  %rcache  ᪠  90,   %wcache
᪠  65,     ࠡᯮᮡ -
⥬   㢥祭 ᫠ ஢.

     ਬ 室 ଠ樨 sar -b:
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|   unix unix 3.2 2 386i        02/18/89
|16:32:57 bread/s lread/s %rcache bwrit/s lwrit/s %wcache pread/s pwrit/s
|16:33:07    3       39     93     1       16      91       0       0
|16:33:17    4       40     90     2       16      87       0       0
|16:33:27    4       41     90     3        7      64       0       0
| Average    4       40     91     2       13      84       0       0
|(।)

      ਬ 뢠     㧪 ⮬,
⠪    室  ਥ ।.

     ந⥫쭮 : sar -q

      sar  -q    । । 祭 
।   ६     業 ६,  -
 ண  .
     runq-sz   宦 ।  ᮢ   ;  筮
                祭    2.  ᫨  -
               祭 ﭭ ,   砥,  -
                ࠡ⠥  ।.
     %runocc   業 ६,    । ᮢ;
               祬   祭, ⥬ .
     swpq-sz    ।  ᮢ   ᢮;  祬 
                祭, ⥬ .
     %swpocc   業 ६  ।  ᢮; 祬
                 祭, ⥬ .

                                 - 8-19 -

     ਬ 室 ଠ樨 sar -q:
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|   unix unix 3.2 2 386i        02/18/89
| 11:00:56  runq-sz  %runocc  swpq-sz  %swpocc
| 11:01:07    1.7       98      1.5      36
| 11:01:17    1.0       63      1.0      31
| 11:01:27    1.0       58      1.0      49
| Average     1.3       74      1.2      39
|(।)

      ⮬ ਬ ᯮ짮   (%runocc) 
 ।  58%   98%,  ६ ⮣,  ।  ᢮
  ⮩ (%swpocc)    31%  49%.  -
砥,      㧪 ⮬  ⥬,  ,
㢥祭   㬥 ⨢ ࠭筮 -
.
     ᫨ %runocc ਭ 祭  90%  runq-sz 
2,   ᨫ쭮 㦥,  ६ ⢥ ⥬  㢥-
.  ⮬ 砥  ॡ ⠭ ⥫-
   祭 㤮⢮⥫쭮 ॠ樨  -
. ᫨ %swpocc  20%,     ᪮쪨
஢  㬥 ⨢ ࠭筮 .

     ᯮ짮 : sar -u

     ᯮ짮  ஢    sar-
u (祭   㬮砭).     -
     ࠡ⮩,   ⠨.   ࠡ祬
ﭨ      室   짮⥫᪮,
  ⥬ ०.   ࠡ祬 ﭨ   
  襭 /뢮,     ࠡ-
  믮.   -u  sar 뢠 業 -
,   祭 ண  室  ⥬ ०
(%sys),  짮⥫᪮ ० (%user),   ﭨ  
襭 /뢮 (%wio)   ﭨ (%idle).
      筮 ᯮ짮 ࠧ ६  %sys    %usr
 ਬ୮ ࠢ 祭.   ᯥ樠 ਫ -
   ࠬ஢    㣨,     -
  - ଠ쭮  ࠡ ⥬.   -
稭 %wio 筮 砥,       㧪  ⮬  
ࠡ. 讥 祭 %idle,   襭 ॠ樨 -
⥬,   ᭥  ࠬ  ;  ६,  ஥
   ᢮ , ࠦ  %idle.
      "idle" (業 )  ⠪ ᯥ -
஥  魮 ࠡ ⥬. 祭, 室騥
 ⮩ , 筮   40  100 業⠬, -

                                  - 8-20 -

   讬 ᫥ ⨢ 짮⥫.  ᫨  祭
ﭭ ᪠  30%,   ᭮ ॢ   -
  ࠧ㬥 ॢ   ;  -
 ᮬ  魮  .  (믮  
ps(C)  ⮣,  ⮡ ।,   १୮ ᯮ짮
  맢 ᮬ-墠稪,  墠뢠
 १ࢭ 横 .)
     ᫨ ࠡ⠥ 讥 ⢮  짮⥫,    
 室  ਩ ᪨ , ᫨  ᯮ
 騥  /뢮.  ᪨   㧪
   ᥡ, 祬   ࠡ.
     ஬ ⮣,   ᬮ /usr/spool/crontab, ⮡
।        ।  ६  -
㧪,      믮  ᢮ .
ᯮ  ps  । ⮣,   ᨫ-
 㦠 ⥬.   짮⥫ ᪠ 訥,
-ࠪ⨢    (⠪    nroff(CT)  troff(CT))
⮫쪮  ६ 让 㧪 ⥬.   ⠪  -
᪠  ⠪   訬 ਮ⮬ ।⢮ ᯮ-
  nice(C)  batch(C). ਬ ᯮ짮 -
 sar-u:
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|   unix unix 3.2 2 386i        02/18/89
| 09:20:08    %usr   %sys   %wio  %idle
| 09:40:12     6      7       2     86
| 10:00:03     7      9       3     80
| 10:20:07    14     16      10     61
| Average      9     11       5     76
|(।)

     ⥬ ⠡: sar - v

      -v ᮮ頥   ,  ᭮ ਯ-
 䠩, 䠩,  ࠧ   䠩 ⠡
ࠧ .  ⮣ ᮮ饭   㧭, 㦤-
   䨪樨 ⥬ ⠡.
     proc-sz  ᫮ ⮢ ⠡ ᮢ,   -
          饥 ६ ᯮ  ।    -
          .
     inod-sz  ᫮ ⮢ ⠡  ਯ஢ 䠩-
              ,   饥 ६ ᯮ  -
              ।   ⥬.
     file-sz  ᫮ ⮢ ⠡ 䠩,   饥
          ६ ᯮ  ।   ⥬.
     ov       ᫮ 砥 ९.  (   -
             ᫥ ⨩).

                                  - 8-21 -

     lock-sz  ᫮ ⮢ ⠡ ࠧ , 
            饥 ६ ᯮ  ।  
          ⥬.
     fhdr-sz    ਬ.
     祭         ஢/ࠧ    ⠡.   ਬ
ᯮ짮  sar -v:
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|   unix unix 3.2 2 386i        02/18/89
| 17:36:05  proc-sz ov  inod-sz ov  file-sz ov  lock-sz  fhdr-sz
| 17:36:35   17/40   0   39/80   0   29/80   0    0/50     0/0
| 17:37:05   19/40   0   46/80   0   35/80   0    0/50     0/0
| 17:37:35   18/40   0   43/80   0   34/80   0    0/50     0/0

      ਬ 뢠,    ⠡ 筮 ,
⮡    ९.    㬥  ⮣,
⮡ ⠢  ,  ᫨  祭  -
묨.

     : sar -w

      -w  ।⠢   ᢮  ⢨ ४-
祭.   ᫥  楫 祭 ࠬ஢  
᭥.
     swpin/s  ᫮ ६饭    ᥪ㭤.
     bswin/s  ᫮ 512-⮢   (),  -
          頥   ६ ᢮   ( 砫
          㧪  ணࠬ)  ᥪ㭤.
     swpot/s  ᫮ ६饭       ᢮ 
          ᪥  ᥪ㭤.  ᫨  ᫮  1,   㢥-
             㬥 .
     bswot/s  ᫮ ,  ६頥  ᥪ㭤   ᢮
           .
     pswch/s  ४祭   ᥪ㭤.  祭 -
             30  50  ࠡ 4-6 짮⥫ -
          .

                                  - 8-22 -

     ਬ 뢮  sar -w:
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|   unix unix 3.2 2 386i        02/18/89
| 09:20:08    swpin/s   bswin/s   swpot/s   bswot/s   pswch/s
| 09:40:12     0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0        37
| 10:00:03     0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0        39
| 10:20:07     0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0        39
| Average      0.0       0.0       0.0       0.0        38
|(।)

      ਬ 뢠,    筮   ⥪饩
ࠡ 짮⥫, ⠪  ᢮ .

     ஢ઠ ࠡ ⥬  : timex

      timex ஭   ᮮ頥  ⢨
⥬,   ⬥祭  ६ 믮 .  ᫨  
 ६  믮﫨 㣨 ணࠬ,   timex  -
᭨,    ᯮ    ६ ᢮
믮.  ॡ ⥬ ᮢ   ணࠬ
ਫ     ᯮ짮  ७ன
᫨誮  ॣ㦥  ᮢ.  timex   ᯮ짮
᫥騬 ⥬:
     $ timex -s  <ணࠬ ਫ>
      ணࠬ ਫ 㤥 ࠡ  ଠ쭮.  
   멤  ,  १ ࠡ timex -
  襬 ࠭.     ⨭ ⮣, 
⥬  ᯮ짮  ணࠬ.

                                  - 8-23 -
________________________________________________________________
     ᠭ ࠨ ⥬ ࠬ஢

     騩 ࠧ 饭   ࠨ  ⥬
ࠬ஢, ।  䠩 /etc/conf/cf.d/mtune. ⥣ਨ
ࠬ஢ ᫥騥:
          ᪨  
           
          ,  ਯ 䠩  䠩 ⥬
          , ࠢ   ᢮
          
          ࠭
          । ᮮ饭
           ன⢠
           
           ⥬
          ⮪ 
          । ᮡ⨩  ன⢠
          ⭮-ᨬ ࠬ
           ࠬ 㤠 䠩

     ᪨  

     NDISK   ᫮ ᪮ ࠩ஢, ᮥ  ⥬.
              ࠬ ⠭  ६ 㧪.
     NBUF    ।, ᪮쪮  । ⥬ ஢
             ࠧ஬ 1.    楩   
             ᮤন ଠ    䠩  ᪥.   
             ⥭  㢥祭  㢥祭 ᫠ ஢.
              㬥蠥   㢥祭 ᫠ 㯭 -
               ⮬      த⨢
             ⥬.   祭  筮 室  ।
              100  600.   ᮤন 1076 . -
             ⢮ -஢  1 (NHBUF)   㢥-
             祭   ⢮ ⥬ ஢ (NBUF)
              ⨦ ⨬쭮 த⨢.
     NPBUF   ।, ᫮ ஢ 䨧᪮ /뢮,
                 ।.  ॡ   
             /뢮   樨 䨧᪮ ⥭
              .    ᮤন 52 . -
             祭  㬮砭 - 20.

                                  - 8-24 -

     NHBUF   । ᪮쪮 "২  " ।
              ஢  1.   ᯮ  २-
              ᪠      ன-
             ⢠    । אַ ᬮ஬
             ᥣ ᯨ᪠ ஢.  祭   -
              2.    ᮤন 12 ⮢. -
              NHBUF   ࠭ ⠪  ࠧ, ⮡
             NBUF, ࠧ  NHBUF, ࠢ﫮 ਡ⥫-
              4.
     MAXBUF  ᨬ쭮  ᫮ -஢.   ᫮
              ⥫   .  ᫮ -
             ஢ 襥 ⮣   ⮬᪨ -
               䨣   ६ 㧪,  -
                 ⮣,  ᪮쪮      ᯮ殮
             ⮢ .  ᫨ ᫮ NBUF  㫥,  
              NBUF ஢    䨣樨, 
               ᫠ MAXBUF  , 祬 NBUF. -
              NBUF ࠢ ,   㤥 䨣஢ 
             㫥 ᫮ MAXBUF ⮬᪨.
     NREGION । ᪮쪮  ⮢ ⠡ ॣ 
             ।.    NREGION  ᮤন  36
             ⮢.  設⢮  ᮢ    ॣ:
             ⥪⮢, ॣ   ⥪. ⥫ -
              㦭    ᮥ ࠧ-
               ᥣ      ࠧ   ⥪
             (⥪⮢   묨). ,  ⠡
             ॣ  ⥪ ணࠬ  "ࠧ  ⥪-
             ⮬"  ࠧ ᥬ ᠬ, -
               ⮩ ணࠬ.   ࠧ  ᥣ
              ਭ    ᠬ,  -
              ᯮ 㣨   ⠡ ॣ.
             襥 砫쭮  祭    ⮣ ࠬ -
              ਬ୮  3,5  ࠧ  ॢ饥  NPROC.  ᫨
             ⥬ 室    ࠬ ⠡ ॣ,   
             ⥬ ⮡ࠦ ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:
                Region table overflow
     NAUTOUP । ६  ⢮     ᥪ㭤
               ⮬᪮    䠩  ⥬.
             ⥬    뢠    ⪨  
             ६ ࠧ饭 १⭮ ணࠬ     
             祭  ࢠ  ६,    ࠬ஬
             NAUTOUP.   ⮬ 㪠 襣 । 㢥-
             稢  ⥬, ⠪   뢠-
                 ,  ந⥫쭮 -
             ⥬    ⮬ 㬥蠥.   㪠 襣
             । 㢥稢 ந⥫쭮 ⥬ 
              .  ࠬ ࠢ 
              bdflush.

                                  - 8-25 -

     BDFLUSHR । ६  ᥪ㭤 ஢ન 室
               ⥬ ஢ 䠩  .  祭
              㬮砭 - 1 ᥪ㭤.   ࠬ  ࠢ
               bdflush.
     PUTBUFSZ । ࠧ 横᪮ , putbuf, -
              ᯮ  ࠧ饭    ᫥
             ᨬ PUTBUFSZ, 뤠  ᮫ 樮
             ⥬.  ঠ putbuf  ᬮ,  -
               crash.
     PIOMAP   ࠧ ᨢ ⮢  , ᯮ-
             㥬 ணࠬ ࠧ ணࠬ㥬 /
             뢮  (PIO)  .    ணࠬ   
             ࠩ஢  ன  ⢫  ணࠬ㥬
             /뢮     ஢ 뢠-
             , ࠧ    쪨 . 짮-
             ⥫     ࠬ.
     PIOMAXSZ ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ࠭,  ᯮ㥬 -
              ணࠬ㥬  /뢮. 짮⥫
                 ࠬ.
     DO387CR3 ࠢ ⠭  ⮢ 襣 ࠧ鸞  -
             쥬 ࠢ饬  ॣ  (CR3)      ⠭
             ⥬᪮ ᮯ 80387.
     NUMTRW  ᫮     /뢮  ࠭ᯮ⭮
             䥩 ⥪(TLI),   ।-
                 . 짮⥫  -
                ࠬ.

      

     騥 ࠬ  ࠢ  ࠧࠬ   
㣨 ࠭祭ﬨ ࠩ஢ ன  ⥬.
     PRFMAX     ᨬ쭮 ⢮ ᨬ ⥪, 
                ⥬ ஥ 䨫  (/dev/prf) 㤥
                ᯮᮡ ࠡ ᮮ⢥騬 ࠧ.
     NCLIST     ।, ᪮쪮   । ᨬ-
                 ஢.     ᮤন    64
                ⮢.     ᪨ 뢠 
                ࠧ ।    뢮    
                ନ    㣨 ᪮ ன.
                । 祭 ᫠ ஢,  室 
                 ନ, 室    5 
                10.    (   -
                ) ᮤন 72 .  ९ ᨬ
                /뢮,  ⭮騥  ନ, -
                ,  ࠦ த.

                                  - 8-26 -

     NEMAP      । ᨬ쭮  ᫮ 権 ࠢ-
                   /뢮.
     NUMXT       ᫮ ஢ 稭 ன,  -
                  室  䨣  ᯥ-
                 ᯫ ன    ࠧ來  ⮩
                ⮡ࠦ ଠ樨,  ⠪  BLIT  AT&T
                5620.
     NUMSXT      ᫮ ஢  ,  -
                묨 ᯥ稢  宦   䨣
                稭 ன.  祭  㬮砭  -
                16.
     NKDVTTY     ᫮ 㠫 ନ (ttys), -
                ন ࠩ஬  ᮫.  -
                ⥫     ࠬ.
     NCPYRIGHT  । ࠧ   , ᯮ-
                㥬   뢮  ᮮ饭    樠樨
                ᮫. 짮⥫      -
                ࠬ.

     ,  ਯ 䠩  䠩 ⥬

     NINODE      ।  ⢮  ⮢  ⠡ -
                  ਯ஢ 䠩   ।.
                    ⠡  ।⠢ 
                 ਯ 䠩,     ⨢
                 䠩.  ਬ,  ⨢ 䠩   
                 ⥪騩 ⠫,   䠩  窠 -
                 ⠭.  ࠢ 䠩 -
                    ⮩ ६. ᫮ -
                 㥬 ⮢    ᫠ 
                 䠩. 筮   ᫮ 室  
                  100  400. 祭 NINODE אַ 易 
                 祭 NFILE. (NINODE ᥣ   ࠢ-
                  NFILE). NINODE ᥣ    
                 ࠢ NS5INODE.   ॢ襭   NINODE  祭
                 NS5INODE    ࠡᯮᮡ  ⥬.
                  ९ ⠡  ਯ஢
                  ⥬ ᮫   ᫥饥  -
                 ०饥 ᮮ饭:
 ᥣ   ஫஢ .       ᨫ

                                  - 8-26a -

     NFILE       । ⢮ ⮢  ⠡ 䠩
                  ।.    ।⠢
                  䠩.   ⮢ 筮 뢠 
                 100  400.    ᮤন 12 ⮢.
                 祭 NFILE  אַ  易      祭
                 NINODE. (NFILE         ࠢ
                 NINODE). ࠢ   NFILE 
                 ⠪  ࠧ,     NINODE.  
                 ९ ⠡ 䠩  ⥬ -
                   ।०饥 ᮮ饭:
                   NOTICE: file table overflow
                  ⢥ ⪨:  ࠬ    
                 ᫮    䠩.  (. -
                  NOFILES).

                                  - 8-27 -

     NMOUNT      । ⢮  ⮢   ⠭筮
                 ⠡    ।.      
                 ।⠢ ⠭  䠩   ⥬.
                 ୥ (/)  䠩  ⥬ ᥣ 
                  ⮬.   ९ ⠡ -
                 ⥬ ⠭   뢠       訡
                 EBUSY.   ⠡ ⠭ ᬠਢ-
                  ,      祭    
                  .
     CMASK       ᪠, ᯮ㥬  ᮧ 䠩.
     NS5INODE     祭           ࠢ
                 NINODE.
     NOFILES     । ᨬ쭮   ⢮   
                 䠩   . 祭  㬮砭
                 -  60.    ।,     ⮢
                 ணࠬ ਫ  ᫮ 㤥  -
                 ,    ⠢  祭 ⠪,   
                 뫮   㬮砭,    60.  /bin/sh
                 ᯮ    ⠡ 䠩:  ⠭-
                  ,  ⠭ 뢮   ⠭⭠
                 訡  (0,1,2  筮 १ࢨ  stdin,
                 stdout,stderr  ᮮ⢥⢥).    㬥蠥
                 祭 NOFILES  ,   ᫮ 㣨 -
                  䠩,  㯭 . ᫨ 
                 ॡ        䠩 ᢥ ⮣
                 ᫠,   ⮬ 砥 ⠭ 䠩 
                  .  ࠪ⨪  ४ 
                  ᯮ짮  ஦,   ࠩ-
                   砥.  ᫨      䨣樨
                 祭 NOFILES ॢ蠥  ᨬ쭮  (100)
                     쭮  (20),   祭 
                 䨣樨 ⮬᪨ ⠭ ࠢ-
                   20     ᮫ 뤠 ।०饥
                 ᮮ饭.
     SHLBMAX     । ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ࠧ  -
                 ⥪,     ᮥ  -
                  ६.
     FLCKREC     । ⢮ 䨧᪨ ᥩ, -
                     ஢  ⥬.  祭  
                 㬮砭 100.    ᮤন 28 -
                 ⮢.

                                  - 8-28 -

     S52KNBUF    । ⢮  ⥬ ஢  2,
                    ।.   ࠬ
                 믮   㭪  2 䠩 ⥬,
                   NBUF  1 䠩 ⥬.  祭
                 筮 室        100  400.
                   ᮤন 2100 .  - 
                 2 (S52KNHBUF)     㢥祭  
                 S52KNBUF   ⨬樨   ந⥫쭮.
                 ᫨   砥  䨣 襩 ⥬
                   2,  㦭 㬥 ᫮ 1 -
                 ஢ (NBUF)  ⮣,  ⮡ ࠭ 㯭
                   ਥ ஢.
     S52KNHBUF   । ⢮ -   ।-
                   2 ஢.   ᯮ  ᪠
                     ன⢠   
                   ⮣,  ⮡  ᬠਢ
                 ᮤন ᯨ᪠ ஢.   祭 
                   ⥯  2.     ᮤন 12
                 ⮢.  祭 S52KNHBUF   ࠭
                 ⠪,  ⮡ ⭮襭 S52KNBUF  S52KNHBUF ࠢ-
                 﫮 ਡ⥫쭮 4.
     NMPBUF      NMPBUF - ᫮ ஢ ६饭, ਭ-
                    ⥬  Acer  Fast File System.  
                 ᯮ   ⮣,  ⮡  ᮡ  
                 訥    । 뫪 ᮤ-
                      짮⥫᪮  ࠭⢮,
                        .      (mpbufs)
                 筮  (筮 8  ). 祭
                 NMPBUF    2  16, 祬 ᫥
                 祭 ।祭 ⮫쪮  設   16 
                   ᫥묨 짮⥫ﬨ.
     BFREEMIN    BFREEMIN -  ᫮  ஢,    
                   ᯨ᪥ ᢮ ஢ । 
                 ஬.   ᫮ 筮 ࠢ 0.   -
                 設,  ᯮ  ᭮  ࠡ
                 । ஢,  뫪 uucp    㣨
                 ணࠬ ਫ,   -
                 ६ -짮⥫᪨   

                                  - 8-28a -

                    䠩,    ⠪ 設,
                 祢,  㢥稢 ந⥫쭮 -
                 ,  ᫨ 祭 BFREEMIN ⠭ ࠢ
                 ਡ⥫쭮 NBUF/10.
     NGROUPS      ⥫쭮  GID  ᨢ. 祭
                  㬮砭 8.
     NSPTTYS     ᫮ ᥢ-ttys  ⥬.  祭  㬮-
                 砭 16. ᨬ쭮 祭   32.

                                  - 8-29 -

     , ࠢ   ᢮

     楤  ࠭,  vhand,  ⢥砥  ᢮
,     ⮬ 室.  楤 -
  "⮫쪮   ᯮ㥬"    பᨬ樨
ࠡ ஢ ,  뢠    ࠭, -
  뫨    ਮ ६.  ⠪
࠭ ⠢ 4096 .   ᮢᥬ 筮,
ࠡ稥   ᮢ  ᢮.
     騥 ࠨ  ࠬ  ।    
  ᫮ 楤 vhand  bmapflush  ᪠-
. 祭   㬮砭 ᮮ⢥ 設 ணࠬ
ਫ.
     NPROC       뢠 ᪮쪮 ⮢ ⠡ ᮢ
                  ।.         ⠡
                 ।⠢ ⨢ .  ணࠬ  ᢮-
                   ᥣ       ⮬,  
                 /etc/init ᥣ       ⮬.
                 ᫮ ⮢   ᫠ 㯭 -
                    ᫠ ᮢ, ⨢-
                   짮⥫. । ᫮ -
                 ᮢ  짮⥫ 室   ࢠ
                  2  5 (. ⠪ MAXUP, 祭  㬮-
                  25).  ९ ⥬ fork 뢠
                   訡 EAGAIN.  祭 NPROC -
                     50  200.
     MAXUP       । ᪮쪮 ७ ᮢ 
                  ਢ஢ 짮⥫. 
                 祭 筮 室     15 
                 40.   祭    ॢ 祭
                 NPROC (NPROC    ࠩ   10%
                 , 祬  MAXUP).    祭  
                 䨪樮  짮⥫,   
                 ନ. ਬ,  ᫨  12  祫 諨 
                 ⥬   䨪樥 짮-
                 ,   । 祭  㬮砭 㤥 -
                 ⨣ 祭 .
     MAXPMEM     । ᨬ쭮  ⢮  䨧᪮
                 , ᯮ㥬   ࠭.  祭 
                 㬮砭 0 砥,  ᯮ  -
                 㯭 䨧᪠ .

                                  - 8-29a -

     ULIMIT      । ⢮ 512-⮢   -
                 襬  䠩,        ᠭ
                   짮⥫.  祭   㬮砭
                 2048;    訩 䠩,    
                    짮⥫,   ࠧ 1
                 .  ਢ஢ 짮⥫ 
                  ⮫쪮 让 䠩, ᪮쪮 -
                  ⥬.  ࠬ ULIMIT  ⭮ 
                 ⥭:    짮⥫   䠩
                  ࠧ.

                                  - 8-30 -
     SPTMAP       ࠧ ᨢ ⮢  , -
                   ᯮ   ࠢ 㠫
                  ࠭⢮  .  짮⥫  
                    ࠬ.
     VHNDFRAC     砫쭮  祭   ⥬ -
                  VHANDL. VHANDL ⠭ ᫥騬
                 ࠧ: ᨬ쭠   㯭 짮-
                 ⥫   VHNDFRAC     GPGSHI,  
                 ᨬ  ⮣,     . -
                 祭  VHANDL      ࠡ  ணࠬ
                 vhand.  ⢮  ᢮  㯭 
                 ࠢ  祭 VHANDL.  ᫨ ᢮-
                    祬 VHANDL,  ⨢
                 楤  ࠭ vhand.
                 祭  㬮砭  VHNDFRAC 16. -
                  ⮣ 祭 ਢ  襩 ⨢-
                  楤   ࠭;  㢥祭 ⮣
                 祭 ਢ  㬥襭 ⨢  -
                 楤  ࠭. (祭 ⮣ ࠬ-
                     0%   25% 㯭
                 ).
     AGEINTERVAL । ᫮  ⠪⮢  ᮢ  ⠩,
                 ஥ 室  ⮣   ࠭  饣
                  ॥.
     GPGSLO      ।   ࠭  ᢮   
                 ࠭  ⮣,  ⮡ vhand  砫  
                 ࠭  . 祭  㬮砭 25.
                 祭 ⮣ 祭 ਢ   襭
                 ⨢  ⮩  楤;  㬥襭  ⮣
                 祭 ਢ  㬥襭  ⨢ ⮩
                 楤 ( 祭   楫᫥-
                     ࠢ 0   GPGSHI).
     GPGSHI      ।  ࠭ ᢮    
                 ࠭  ⮣,  ⮡ vhand ⠭ -
                  ࠭  . 祭  㬮砭
                 40.  祭 ⮣ 祭 ਢ  -
                 襭  ⨢  ⮩  楤;  㬥襭
                 ⮣ 祭 ਢ  㬥襭 ⨢
                 ⮩ 楤. ( 祭   楫-
                 ᫥      0,  GPGSLO  
                 25% ᫠ ࠭ 㯭 ).

                                  - 8-30a -

     GPGSMSK     ᪠, ᯮ㥬   楤  ࠭筮
                 . 祭   㬮砭 0x00000420.  
                 祭   .
     MAXSC       । ᨬ쭮 ᫮  ࠭, 
                     樨 ᢮.  祭
                  㬮砭 1.
     MAXFC       । ᨬ쭮 ᫮  ࠭, 
                   ᯨ᮪ ᢮   樨
                 ᢮. 祭  㬮砭 1.

                                  - 8-31 -

     MAXUMEM     । ᨬ ࠧ  ࠭ -
                 㠫쭮 ᭮  ࠭⢠ 짮⥫.
                  祭     8192.  -
                   㬮砭 2560.
     MINARMEM    । 쭮  ᫮  ࠭  ,
                 १ࢨ㥬  ⥪⮢ ᥣ⮢  ᥣ-
                 ⮢  짮⥫᪨ ᮢ.
     MINASMEM    । ।  祭,  ஥ 㪠뢠
                 ⢮   ᫮ ࠭ ᢮, -
                 ࢨ㥬  ⥬ 楫 (㯭 
                 ⥪⮢ ᥣ⮢  ᥣ⮢   짮-
                 ⥫᪨ ᮢ).
     MINHIDUSTK  । 쭮   祭   ६饭
                  ⠪,   ⥪     짮⥫
                  ࠧ  ⠡ ࠭.   祭
                   .
     MINUSTKGAP   MINHIDUSTK, । .
     MAXSLICE    뢠  ⠪⮢  ᨬ -
                 塞        ६       ᮢ
                 짮⥫. ᫥ ⮣,   ௠
                 ।       ६,  
                   ⪫뢠.  樮  ⥬,
                 ⥬  롨ࠥ  襣 ਮ 
                 ।   MAXSLICE ⠪⮢ -
                 ᮢ. 筮 MAXSLICE -  ᥪ㭤 (100 ⠪-
                  ᮢ   WGS 6836).

     

     NCALL       । ᪮쪮  । ⮢ ⠡-
                  맮.   ।⠢ 㭪-
                 , 뢠   ᫥ ६  ,
                 ⢥騬  ࠢ ᠬ.    祭
                    2,  筮 室  -
                   10  70.  祭  㬮砭  30.
                   ᮤন 16 .

                                  - 8-31a -

                 ࠩ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ᯮ-
                   ⠡  맮    ஢ન
                  ன  㤮.   ⠡
                 맮 ९,  ⥬ ਩  -
                    ⥬ ᮫ 뤠 -
                 饭:
                 PANIC:  Timeout table overflow

                                  - 8-32 -

     TIMEZONE    । ⠭  timezone,  ⭮  
                 ⥬ 맮 ftime(S).  ,  -
                  ࠬ  timezone  ⥬ -
                 祭  㬮砭     稭 -
                 ६ । TZ.
     DSTFLAG     । dstflag,  ᠭ    ⥬
                 맮 ftime(S).

     ࠭

     NSCRN       । ᨬ쭮  ᫮ 㠫 -
                 , 묨   짮  ࠩ
                 VT  ᮫.
     SCRNMEM     ᫮ 1024-⮢   ࠭ -
                  ᮫.

     । ᮮ饭

     騥 ࠨ ࠬ ⭮    -
⢨ ᮢ   ᮮ饭:
     MSGMAP      । ࠧ ࠢ饩 , ᯮ-
                     ࠢ   ᥣ⠬    ᮮ饭.
                 祭   㬮砭 100.    -
                 ন 8 .
     MSGMAX      । ᨬ ࠧ ᮮ饭.  -
                 祭  㬮砭 2048.  ᨬ ࠧ-
                  ᮮ饭, ஥  ࠡ  64
                       1,    ࠭祭
                 mtune, ࠢ 8192.
     MSGMNB      । ᨬ   ।  ᮮ-
                 . 祭  㬮砭 4096.
     MSGMNI      । ᨬ쭮  ᫮ ⥬ -
                  ᮮ饭 (id ). 祭  㬮-
                 砭 50.

                                  - 8-32a -

     MSGTQL      । ᫮  ᮮ饭  ⥬
                 , ⠪ ࠧ,  ᫮  뢮 ᮮ-
                 饭. 祭  㬮砭 40.  
                 ᮤন 12 .
     MSGSSZ      । ࠧ ᥣ ᮮ饭   .
                 饭    ⢠ ᬥ ᥣ-
                 ⮢ ᮮ饭,  筮 讣 ⮡ 
                 뫮 ⠢ ⥪.  祭  㬮砭 8.
                 祭 MSGSSZ, 㬭  祭 MSGSEG,
                     ࠢ 131072 ⠬ (128
                 ).

                                  - 8-33 -

     MSGSEG      । ᫮ ᥣ⮢ ᮮ饭  ⥬.
                 祭    㬮砭 1024.  祭 MSGSSZ,
                 㬭    祭  MSGSEG,    
                    ࠢ 131072 ⠬ (128 ).

     

     騥 ࠨ  ࠬ  ⭮  -
⢨ ᮢ   ᥬ஢:
     SEMMAP      । ࠧ  ࠢ饩  ,  
                 ᯮ   ࠢ ᮢ㯭ﬨ -
                 ஢.  祭  㬮砭 10.  -
                  ᮤন 8 .
     SEMMNI      । ᫮  䨪஢  ᥬ஢  
                 .  ᫮ 㭨 ᮢ㯭⥩  ᥬ-
                 ஢,     ⨢   -
                  ६.  祭   㬮砭  10.  
                  ᮤন 32 .
     SEMMNU      । ᫮    ⬥    ⥬.
                 祭  㬮砭  30.    ࠧ  ࠢ
                 8x(SEMUME+2) .
     SEMMSL      । ᨬ쭮   ᫮  ᥬ஢  
                  ᮮ⢥饣 䨪. -
                   㬮砭 25.
     SEMOPM      । ᨬ쭮  ᫮ 権 ᥬ-
                 ,    믮     -
                 ⥬ 맮  semop.  祭  㬮砭 10.
                   ᮤন 8 .
     SEMUME      । ᨬ쭮 ᫮  ⮢ ⬥
                    ⬥.  祭  㬮-
                 砭 10.  稭 ࠢ  8x(SEMMNU) .
     SEMVMX      । ᨬ쭮 祭, ஥ 
                 ਭ ᥬ. 祭  㬮砭 32767,
                 ஥   ᨬ  祭   
                 ⮣ ࠬ.

                                  - 8-34 -

     SEMAEM      । ॣ㫨஢   室  ᨬ-
                  祭, ᥢ semadj.  祭 -
                    祭 ᥬ ⠭
                   ࠢ  ᮫⭮  祭  semop,
                 ᫨ ⮫쪮  ணࠬ   ⠭ ᢮ ᮡ-
                 ⢥ 祭.  祭  㬮砭 16384.
                  祭    ᨬ   ⮣
                 ࠬ.
     SEMMNS      । ᫮ ᥬ஢   ⥬. 祭
                  㬮砭 60.   ᮤন 8 -
                 ⮢.
     XSEMMAX     । ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ᯥ樠 ᥬ-
                 ஢ XENIX,  ⨬  ⥬. 쭮
                 祭 XSEMMAX 20 , ᨬ쭮 60, 祭
                  㬮砭 60.

      

     騥 ࠨ  ࠬ  ⭮  -
⢨ ᮢ   ࠧ :
     SHMMAX      । ᨬ ࠧ ᥣ  ࠧ-
                  . 祭  㬮砭 524288.
     SHMMIN      ।   ࠧ  ᥣ ࠧ-
                  . 祭  㬮砭 1.
     SHMMNI      । ᨬ쭮  ᫮  䨪஢
                 ࠧ   ⥬. 祭  㬮-
                 砭 100.   ᮤন 52 .
     SHMSEG      । ᫮ ᥣ⮢  ࠧ ,
                 砥     .  祭 
                 㬮砭 6. ᨬ쭮 祭 15.
     SHMALL      । ᨬ쭮   ᫮    ᯮ㥬
                 ⥪⮢ ᥣ⮢ ࠧ .  -
                   㬮砭 512.
     XSDSEGS     । ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ᯥ樠  ᥣ-
                 ⮢ ࠧ  XENIX, 㯭 -
                 ७ ⥬.  쭮 祭  XSDSEGS
                 1, ᨬ쭮 - 25, 祭  㬮砭 25.
     XSDSLOTS    ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ᯥ樠 ᥣ⮢ ࠧ-
                   ,  ᮥ     ७
                 ⥬,  ࠢ XSDSEGS x XSDSLOTS. 쭮
                 祭  XSDSLOTS  1,ᨬ쭮  祭
                 3, 祭  㬮砭 ⮦ 3.

                                  - 8-35 -

      ⥬

     NODE        ।  㧫 ⥬.

     ⮪ 

     騥 ࠨ ࠬ ⭮  ࠡ⪥ -
⮪ .
     NQUEUE       ᫮  ।  ⮪  䨣樨.
                 । ᥣ ।  ୮, ⮬
                 ᫮   .  ⮪ -
                 ন 4   । (2    -
                 ,  2 -  ࠩ).  , 饭-
                   ⮪ ,  ॡ  ⥫
                   ।. 祭  ⨯筮 䨣-
                 樨 ࠢ 4*NSTREAM.
     NSTREAM     ᫮  " ⮪"  (stdata)  
                 䨣樨. 室        
                  ⮪,   ⥪騩  ⮪  
                 짮⥫᪨ ᮢ  ⮪  -
                   ⨯஢. 㥬 -
                 祭 ᨫ쭮     ணࠬ ਫ-
                 ,   祭  32-40  筮  㤮⢮
                 ॡ     ࠡ    
                 ࠭ᯮ⭮ ⮪  । 㧪.
     NBLKn       ࠬ  NBLK4  NBLK4096  ࠢ ᫮
                  ⮪   ஢, ।塞
                   .    ᮮ饭
                 ।,  ᭮뢠      :
                 ᫮  ᮮ饭, 㬭  1.25, -
                   饥 ।   . 
                 ᯥ稢      ᮮ-
                 ,   ⠪ ᪮쪮 ⥫  -
                   ᮮ饭   (㭪樨      dupb(),
                 dupmsg()).  ⨬쭠 䨣  
                 ⢠ 㯭 ᭮    ।-
                  ਬ. 祭  㬮砭 
                  NSU ਬ  প ।-
                 㦥 䨣樨,  ᯮ饩 ࠧ
                 㤠 䠩 (RFS)  UUCP  STARLAN.
     NMUXLINK    ᨬ쭮 ᫮    ⨯  ,
                 砥  䨣.   
                 裡 ॡ    ⨢ ⨯-
                 ᭮   (STREAMS  I_LINK  ioctl).  
                 ᫮   ணࠬ ਫ;  -
                 祭  㬮砭 ࠭ 㯭 裡.

                                  - 8-36 -

     NSTRPUSH    ᨬ쭮 ᫮ 㫥,   
                  ⮪.   ᯮ    ।०
                 ⮣, ⮡ 㦤騥 짮⥫᪨ -
                     㯭 । ⮣  -
                 ⮪.  㬮砭  ࠬ  祭
                 9,   ࠪ⨪ 騥 ணࠬ -
                     ᨬ 4   -
                 ⮪.
     NSTREVENT   砫쭮 ᫮ ᥪ権 । ᮡ⨩, -
                   䨣. 樨 । ᮡ⨩ -
                       ᯥ樠쭮 ଠ樨
                   맮 ⥬  poll. 
                 ᯮ   ⠪      ᯥ祭  STREAMS
                 I_SETSIG ioctl  堭    bufcall().  
                 㡮  ਡ  쭮 祭 ⮣
                 ࠬ  䨣樨   ᫥-
                 騬  ࠧ:  ।  ᫮ ᮢ,
                 ६ ᯮ poll,  㬭  
                 ।  ᫮ ⮪,  訢 
                 ६ ,   । ᫮ -
                 ᮢ,    ᯮ짮 -
                 ⮪  ७⭮ ०. 祭  㬮-
                  256.  ,    ᫮  易⥫쭮
                  孨 । ᫠ ᥪ権 ᮡ⨩, -
                         㯭      ⥬   (.
                 MAXSEPGCNT).
     MAXSEPGCNT  ᫮ ⥫ ࠭ , -
                  ।塞  ᥪ権 ᮡ⨩.  ᫨ 
                 祭 ࠢ 0,   ਬ  ।,
                 ⮫쪮  । ࠬ஬ NSTREVENT. ᫨
                  祭  ࠢ 0,  ᫨  室 
                 ࠬ ᥪ権 ᮡ⨩,    ᫮
                   ⪠  ।  ⥫
                 ࠭ ,      ᮧ
                  ᥪ樨 ᮡ⨩.  MAXSEPGCNT  ।
                 ᫠ ࠭,     ।
                    楫.  ᫨  ࠭    뫠
                 ।  ᥪ権 ᮡ⨩,    -
                  砥        饭  
                 㣮 ᯮ짮.   ⠭-

                                  - 8-36a -

                  祭 NSTREVENT  ᮮ⢥⢨   -
                 ﬨ ᨬ쭮 㧪 ⠪, ⮡ -
                  MAXSEPGCNT  뫮 ⠭  ࠢ  1
                  ࠡ⪨ ᮡ 砥, ᫨  .
     STRMSGSZ    ᨬ ⨬ ࠧ     
                   ᮮ饭  ⮪.   祭 筮
                 ਭ 筮 訬, ⮡ ᮮ⢥-
                 ⢮ ᨬ ࠭祭 ࠧ -
                 ⮢ 㫥 ⮪, 祭  䨣.
                 ᫨   祭 , 祬 室, 
                   write  putmsg  㤥  墠-
                   १୮ ᫮  ᮮ饭.  -
                 㥬 祭 4096 筮  㤮-
                 ७  ॡ⥩   ணࠬ
                 ਫ.

                                  - 8-37 -

     STRCTLSZ    ᨬ ⨬ ࠧ ࠢ饩 -
                    ᮮ饭 ⮪. ࠢ 
                 ᮮ饭 putmsg   ࠭祭 -
                 쭮/ᨬ쭮 ࠧ஢ ,  -
                  祭,  㪠 ,   -
                 ⢥ ᯮᮡ   㪠   ࠭祭   
                 ࠢ饩  ᮮ饭. 㥬 -
                 祭 1024   祬 筮  -
                  ணࠬ ਫ.
     STRLOFRAC   業   । , 
                   ⮬᪨ ⢥࣠ ਮ-
                    ।  .  -
                 , ᫨ STRLOFRAC ਭ 祭 40  -
                    48         256   ,    
                 ਮ    । -
                  㤥 ⢥࣠,  ᫨  㦥  ।
                  19   256 .   ࠬ -
                 , ⮡   
                 室 権 - 믮 -
                  ⢨.  㥬 祭  40
                   ࠡ⠥   ணࠬ ਫ-
                 .  祭 STRLOFRAC ᥣ   -
                     0  STRMEDFRAC.
     STRMEDFRAC  業 窨,  ண ⢥࣠ ।-
                 ਮ    । .
                 (.  STRLOFRAC). 㥬 祭 90
                  ࠡ⠥   ணࠬ  ਫ-
                 .  祭 STRMEDFRAC ᥣ  -
                     STRLOFRAC  100.  -
                 ᮪ਮ ᮢ   । 
                 窨,   ᨫ  100%.
     NLOG        ᫮ ⥯  ன,  砥  
                 䨣  ॣ饣 ࠩ;  -
                 ⨢ ⥯ ன    0
                  (NLOG-1).  㥬 祭 3 㦨-
                   ॣ 訡 (strerr)  ஢
                  (strace),       㣮
                 ᯮ짮.   ᫨      ᯥ祭
                 ⮫쪮 ।⢠ ॣ樨 訡  ஢-
                 ,   祭   ⠭ ࠢ-
                  2. ᫨  - ᯥ樠 -
                    襣   ணࠬ  ਫ  
                 뤠 ᮮ饭,  騥 ॣ樨, 
                   ᫮   㢥祭  ᮮ⢥⢨
                  ⥫ ᯮ짮 ࠩ.

                                  - 8-38 -

     NUMSP          ᫮      ன  ⮪
                 (/dev/sp),    ন   ⥬.
                 짮⥫     ࠬ.
     NUMTIM      ᨬ쭮 ᫮  㫥  ⮪,   
                 ய᪠ ࠭ᯮ   䥩   ⥪
                 (TLI).  祭 ࠢ  ᫮  
                 , ஥  ᯮ  প -
                  䥩ᮬ ,  ਭ -
                 樨 㫥 ⮪. 짮⥫  
                   ࠬ.

     । ᮡ⨩  ன⢠

     EVQUEUES    ᨬ쭮 ᫮    ।  ᮡ⨩
                 ⥬ ७.
     EVDEVS      ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ன,  ਪ९  
                 । ᮡ⨩ ⥬ ७.
     EVDEVSPERQ  ᨬ쭮 ᫮  ன   ।
                 ᮡ⨩.

     ⭮-ᨬ ࠬ

     DMAEXCL     ।, ⨬   ६ 
                 DMA.    奬 DMA -
                  ᡮ,   ६ ᯮ 
                   ।.    ⠫-
                 権  ⠪  DMAEXCL ਭ -
                 祭 1  㬮砭.  ஢,  -
                   ⠪  ஡,  DMAEXCL  ⠭
                 ࠢ 0  ⮣,  ⮡ ࠧ ६-
                  ࠡ DMA  ᪮쪨 .
     KBTYPE      ਭ 祭 0   ⮢ ⨯
                 XT   祭 1   ⮢ PC-.

     ࠬ ࠧ 㤠 䠩

       ࠬ,    ந
 室騬 ࠧ  ᯮ짮 ࠧ 㤠-
 䠩 (RFS).  ࠬ RFS ࠢ ⮩   ⥬
ᮢ,  ⢮ 㦨 RFS.  ⥢ -
筨 ।   ⠪   ࠨ
ࠬ,     ࠪ⨪ ࠡ ⮩ ⤥-
 .    ⥢ 㬥樨  祭 
஡ ଠ樨.

                                  - 8-39 -

      ࠬ  祭  㬮砭,  ᯮᮡ
ᯥ稢   ࠡ  । ⥬;  ,  ᫨
祭 ᫨誮 ,     ᬮ ।⠢ 筮
ᮢ   ࠡ⪨ 㦥 RFS.    -
஢,  '    䠩   ⢥࣭ 
⨦ -   ࠬ஢ ᨬ쭮 祭,
⨬  襩 設. ᫨  ࠬ ᫨誮 ,
  㤥 ।  ⥬ ᮢ, 祬  -
室.
     ,   ࠬ  뢠 ﭨ   -
⥬,   ⠭ ⥫  RFS.
     NLOCAL ( 쭮 㯠)
                  ࠬ । 쭮 ᫮  -
                  ஢, 㯭 饬 ୮ -
                 ,  १ࢨ  쭮 -
                 . 짮⥫  RFS ᯮ ,  ࠧ
                 騩     㯮 (筮
                   ).   祭,  ⠪ ࠧ,
                 頥    ⥫ -
                 ⢨ ॢ    ᯮ짮 
                 RFS.
                    ண  祭 ⪫祭 (-
                  ࠢ 0),   ਭ 祭  
                 㬮砭, 稭 ண ४ ࠢ-
                  1/3 ᥣ ୮ 㫠  (NBUF). 㫥
                 祭 NLOCAL ४뢠 祭  㬮-
                 .
                 ,   ᫨  RFS  ࠡ⠥   -
                   ࠡ  祭 ⮫쪮 ,    
                 ⮬ 砥   㤥  -
                   쭮 㯠.
     NREMOTE ( 㤠 㯠)
                  ࠬ   ।   쭮  ᫮
                  ஢,   饣  ୮  㫠,
                   १ࢨ      ⥭
                 㤠 .    ண 祭
                 ⪫祭 (⠭ ࠢ 0),  ਭ-
                  祭  㬮砭, 稭 ண -
                   ࠢ  1/3  ᥣ  ୮ 㫠
                 (NBUF).  㫥 祭 NREMOTE ४뢠
                 祭  㬮砭.

                                  - 8-39a -

                 ,  㬬 NREMOTE   NLOCAL    
                 ॢ NBUF. ᫨  ᫮ 蠥, 
                  ᮫  ।०饥 ᮮ饭
                      ࠬ஢ (NREMOTE  NLOCAL) -
                  祭  㬮砭,     1/3
                 NBUF.
     RCACHETIME (ࠡ祥 ६ )
                  ࠬ     ᯮ짮  直
                 ࠧ:  ⪫祭 ᯮ짮   -
                 襩 設   ।  ⢠  -
                 㭤,   ६      -
                 襬,   䠩.
                  ⪫祭  ஢  ᥩ 設 -
                 ࠬ ⠭ ࠢ -1.
                 ன   ᯮ짮 ࠬ RCACHETIME
                 ॡ  ᭥.  ᫨  㦨
                    䠩 ࢥ,  設--
                  뫠  ᮮ饭    ⪠    
                 짮⥫᪨ 設,       
                 䠩 .  짮⥫᪨ 設 㤠-
                  ,  祭 ⮩ 樥 ,
                  ᢮ .  ஢  ⮣ 䠩
                  ந  ⮣,   뢠騥 -
                    䠩,   ⮣,  -
                  ६, 㪠  ⮬ ࠬ.
                 ।,  뢠 ⮪ 
                 "騬"       ࢮ  
                 ।⢥ ᫥ 㣨 . ⪫-
                 祭 ஢    
                 室 뫪 ᮮ饭  ⪠  ᫥-
                  ᥩ.

                                  - 8-40 -

     RFS_VHIGH
                 訩   ᨨ  RFS,    ன 
                  易  設.
     RFS_LOW
                 訩  ᨨ  RFS,    ன  
                  易  設.
     NRCVD (ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ਯ஢ ਥ )
                  ⥬ ᮧ   ਯ ਥ-
                    䠩  ⠫,  
                 뫠 㤠  짮⥫,    
                 ਯ    襩 設,  -
                 饩 ⢥  㤠 .  ᫨  -
                 ࠭ ᫮ ਯ஢ ਥ,  ⥬ -
                 ,   ࠭  ᫮    䠩 
                 ⠫, ६  㯭  㤠
                 짮⥫. ⮬ ॢ襭 ⮣ -
                 ࠭祭 㤥 ᮮ饭  訡   
                 㤠 짮⥫.
     NSNDD (ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ਯ஢ । )
                    㤠  ( 䠩  -
                 ४),  ஬   짮-
                 ⥫,  襩 ⥬ ᮧ ਯ -
                 .  । ⠪    -
                  ࢥ   ᮮ饭, 饣 
                 । ਭ ᮮ饭.    
                  祭,  ⮡ ࠭ ᫮ ६-
                  㯭  襩  設 㤠 䠩 
                 ⠫.  㤥 ⢨⥫쭮 ࠭稢
                 ꥬ  RFS-⨢  짮⥫. -
                 ⮬ ॢ襭 ⮣ ࠭祭  ᮮ-
                 饭  訡    짮⥫.

                                  - 8-41 -

     NSRMOUNT ( ⠡ ஢ ࢥ)
                  ࠧ,   㤠  設  
                     ᮢ,    
                 ⠡ ஢ 襣 ࢥ.  -
                  ࠭稢  饥  ᫮   ᮢ,
                   ६  ஢  㤠-
                 묨 設.
     NADVERTISE (⠡ ')
                   ⠡ ' 頥  
                  '  .    ࠬ
                 ⠭ ᨬ ᮢ,   -
                  '.
     MAXGDP (㠫 楯)
                   ⠭   ᮥ (-
                 㠫 楯)        -
                 設,  ன      ࠧ
                 .  楯   ,  -
                          楯    
                 ,    . -
                 㠫쭠 楯 ᮧ,    -
                    㣮,   楯 ࠧ-
                 蠥,  ࠧ ᫥ .
                  ࠬ  ࠭稢  ᫮  㠫
                 楯 RFS,   뢠 ६
                      .   ࠭稢 ᫮
                 㤠 ஢,    묨    
                 ࠧ    ६.  ,  
                 ⭠     ࠭祭 ᫮
                 楯   ,  ⮬  ࠬ
                    ᨬ  業  ᯮ짮
                 RFS.
     MINSERVE (쭮 ᫮ ᮢ ࢥ)
                  ⥬ ᯮ    ࢥ  
                 ࠡ⪨ 㤠  ᮢ    .
                  ࠬ  ।,  ᪮쪮   ᮢ
                 ࢥ ﭭ  ⨢  襬 .
                 (.  sar -S  祭 ଠ樨 
                 ࠢ ᠬ ࢥ).

                                  - 8-41a -

     MAXSERVE (ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ᮢ ࢥ)
                 ᫨ 㤠 ᮢ    ,
                 祬    ࠡ⠭    ᫮
                 ࢥ஢,      ६ ᮧ-
                    .    ࠬ  ⠭
                 ᨬ 饣 ᫠ ᮢ ࢥ  襩
                 ⥬ (MINSERVE+᫮  ᪨  ᮧ-
                 ).
     NRDUSER
                  祭 ।  ᫮  ⮢  user
                 ਯ஢ ਥ  ,   
                 ।.    ।⠢ -
                 ।    䠩  ⠫
                   짮⥫᪮ 設.    ६  -
                     ਯ  ਥ   ,
                 ।   䠩   ⠫,
                       ⢫  㤠  
                 (NRCVD),    ᪮쪮  ⮢  user
                 ਯ ਥ    ,
                 ᯮ饣  䠩   ⠫  (NRDUSER).
                    ᯮ  ,  
                   짮⥫ 뢠.  祭
                     ਬ୮   1.5 ࠧ ,  祬
                 祭 NRCVD.

                                  - 8-42 -

     RFHEAP
                  祭 । ࠧ   
                 , ⢥  ଠ樨 RFS.   -
                  ᮤন ᫥ ଠ:
                 *  ᮮ⢥⢨  짮⥫    㯯
                   䨪஢  ID    ।
                     設,  ࠧ饩   -
                   襩 設.
                 * ᮪  設,  ਭ  ᯨ᮪
                   ⮢  ' ᮢ.
                   室騩 ࠧ   RFHEAP   ᫥-
                   饣:
                 - UID/GID ⠡ (ࠧ  ᫮).
                        ᥣ      
                       ⠡,  UID   GID.  
                       設     ⮬   host      䠩
                       uid.rules  gid.rules 㤥   ⠡-
                       , ᮮ⢥       
                       ⮢,   ᮥ   ⮩
                       設. 設,     ⤥-
                        ⮢      䠩, 
                        ⥫쭮 .
                        ⮣, ⮡ 業 ࠧ ⭮
                       ⠡,    idload  -n.  
                        4-⮢  ⠡  ப
                       室 ଠ樨, 祭 ᫥ -
                        idload,    ⥫쭮    24
                         ⠡.
                 - ᮪ ⮢ '  ᮢ (ࠧ
                        ᫮).
                        '   ᯨ᮪  -
                       ਧ 짮⥫, ਪ९
                        .   ᯨ᮪ ࠭  ⮩  -
                       ,   塞 ࠧ஬,   ⮣
                          㤥 .

                                  - 8-43 -

                 - , ᮥ  饥 ६.
                        ᮥ  㤥  ᯮ짮
                       ᨬ 64   ࠭  -
                       ᮥ .    -
                        ᪨,  ⮬, ॡ
                        ⥫쭠   
                        ࠣ樨   ।
                        ᢮ .  騩 ࠧ,
                       ⭮,    ⭮⥫쭮 -
                       ,  1  4 ,   ।-
                           , 祬  
                       稭.
        ᪠, ⭮  RFS  -
ࠬ NHBUF.  祭 NHBUF ᯮ  । -
⢠ "২ ஢"  । 㤠  
୮ 㫥,  ⠪,     . ২ -
஢ ᯮ  ᬮ     ID  㤠-
 設-ࢥ  ID 䠩  ⮣, ⮡ ᫥-
⥫쭮 ᬠਢ     ᯨ᮪   ஢.   (.   ࠧ
"᭮ ࠬ  ",    ஡ ᬮ७ -
 NHBUF).
      8.4 ᮤন ᯨ᮪ 祢 ࠬ஢ RFS  ४-
 祭  ࠧ ਬ RFS. "쪮 -
⥫"  砥,     設 㤥 짮 ⮫쪮
㤠묨 ᠬ,    ࠧ  ᢮  ᮡ⢥  .
"쪮  ࢥ" 砥,    㤥 ⮫쪮 । ᢮
  㣨 設,   ஢   㤠
ᮢ.  "짮⥫+ࢥ"  砥,       
। ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ,  ⠪  ᯮ짮 㤠-
 .

                                  - 8-44 -

                           8.4
             ⠭ ࠨ ࠬ஢ RFS
+------------+-------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+
| ࠬ   |쪮 | 쪮  | 짮- | 祭|     |
|            |짮-| ࢥ  | ⥫+ |  㬮-| ⮢ |
|            |⥫ |         | ࢥ  | 砭   |    |
+------------+-------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+
| NSRMOUNT   |  0    |   50    |   50    |   24    |           |
| MAXGDP     |  10   |   24    |   24    |   24    |   104     |
| NADVERTISE |  0    |   25    |   25    |   25    |   32      |
| NRCVD      |  40   |   300   |   150   |   150   |   48      |
| NRDUSER    |  0    |   450   |   255   |   225   |   24      |
| NSNDD      |  150  |   30    |   150   |   150   |   44      |
| MINSERVE   |  0    |   3     |   3     |   3     |   9      |
| MAXSERVE   |  0    |   6     |   6     |   6     |   -       |
| RFHEAP     |  2048 |   3072  |   3072  |   3072  |   1       |
| NREMOTE    |  0    |   0     |   0     |   0     |   -       |
| NLOCAL     |  0    |   0     |   0     |   0     |   -       |
| RCACHETIME |  10   |   10    |   10    |   10    |   -       |
+------------+-------+---------+---------+---------+-----------+
      9

     ᯮ짮 樮 ⥬ DOS  OS/2
________________________________________________________________

                                                    9-1
     ⨬  OS/2                                   9-2
      ⪮ ᪠  fdisk                 9-3
         ४祭 樮 ⥬                   9-5
     ⠭ ࠧ UNIX  ⥬ DOS                   9-7
     ᯮ짮 ⥬  UNIX    DOS   
       ⪨ ᪠                               9-9
      樮 ⥬  ⪮ ᪠         9-11
     ⨫, ᯥ稢騥   DOS                   9-12
         㬥 䠩  ⠫                       9-13
         짮⥫᪨, ਭ  㬮砭 䠩
             ࠨ 䨣樥                 9-13
     ࣠ 䠩 ⥬ DOS  UNIX ⥬        9-15
         প  ᮧ 䨣樨 
            ࣠ 䠩 ⥬ DOS              9-15
          ࣠   䠩 ⥬ DOS     9-15
         ᯮ짮  mount                        9-16
         ⠭  ஢ઠ 䠩 ⥬ DOS     9-17
              䠩 ⥬ DOS   9-17
         ᬮ 䠩 DOS                                9-18
         ࠭祭                                        9-18
     樮 ⥬ UNIX  DOS  ⠭
       ᪠                                               9-20

                                - 9-1 -

_______________________________________________________________

     

      짮⥫   ᯥ祭   樮    ⥬
MS-DOS,   㣨 樮묨 ⥬ ᮢ⨬묨  DOS.
  뢠 ᯮ짮 ⨫,  䠩   ணࠬ
ਫ 樮 ⥬ DOS ᫥ ⠭ 樮
⥬ UNIX.       䠩  ४-
 DOS  襩 ⥬ UNIX,  ନ஢ 䠩 ⥬
DOS   ।⢥      䠩.  樮
⥬  ᯥ稢    ⠪ ࠧ,    
㤥 㦤 ᬠਢ ᢮ ணࠬ ᯥ祭 
DOS,   㯠 㣮   ⮣, ⮡ ᯮ짮
⥬ UNIX.
     ᪮쪮 ணࠬ   ᮢ⨬ . -
  dos(C)       䠩 DOS  ᪥
  ࠧ DOS  ⪮ ᪥.   ⨫ 㦤 -
  ⮩ .  ⨫, ࠧ   ࠧ, 뢠-
 fdisk(ADM)  㯭   DOS  UNIX.  騩 ࠧ-
 뢠 ᯮ짮 fdisk  楫 ࠧ   ⮣
 ⪮ ᪠  ࠧ DOS  UNIX.    ࠧ -
  ⠭  ࠧ  UNIX   ⪨    ࠧ
DOS.   ⠪ ࠧ,  뢠 ࠧ -
䨣樨 㧪 ⥬,  짮⥫, ᯮ 
⥬ UNIX,  짮⥫, ᯮ  ⥬ DOS.
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
          ⠭  DOS  3.3   ࠭.
 extended (७)  ন
________________________________________________________________

                                - 9-2 -
________________________________________________________________
     ⨬  OS/2

      OS/2      ᯥ譮 ⠭,  OS/2  
 㦠  襩 設,  ᨬ  ⮣ -
   ࠧ UNIX;    ࠭㥬,  OS/2 㤥 ࠡ-
  襩 ⥬ UNIX.    孨᪮  ᠭ
襣 ,  ⮡ ।, ন   -
設  ᪠   OS/2. ᫨   ᯮ짮 OS/2 
 DOS  ⮬  ⪮ ᪥ ᮢ⭮  襩 ⥬ UNIX,
  㧨   ᫥饬 浪:

     1. DOS (ࠧ 32   )
     2. ணࠬ ᯥ祭 UNIX
     3. OS/2

       㯭 ।  OS/2 ( ⠪  ⨫-
 DOS,  뢠   ).  ஬ ⮣,   -
짮 fdisk(ADM) ⮡ ४  OS/2      
.
     ⨫ fdisk(ADM) ⥬ UNIX ⮡ࠦ ࠧ OS/2 
ࠧ DOS.

                                - 9-3 -
________________________________________________________________
      ⪮ ᪠  fdisk

         fdisk 㬥஢  ᮮ⢥⢨
 㪮⢮  樮 ⥬.  ᫨  ᯥ樠쭮  
㪠,   뫠   fdisk(ADM) ᨨ UNIX.
      fdisk  ࠪ⨢  ᯮ   
⮡ࠦ ᢮ 㭪権.  ਢ   
fdisk:
  +----------------------------------------------------------
  |  1. Display Partition Table (⮡ࠧ ⠡ ࠧ)
  |  2. Use  Entire  Disk  For  UNIX (ᯮ짮   
  |     UNIX)
  |  3. Use Rest of Disk for UNIX (ᯮ짮 ⠢ 
  |     ᪠  UNIX)
  |  4. Create UNIX Partition (ᮧ ࠧ UNIX)
  |  5. Activate Partition (⨢஢ ࠧ)
  |  6. Delete UNIX Partition (㤠 ࠧ UNIX)
  |
  |  Enter your choice or 'q' to quit:
  |  (  롮   'q'  室:)

     ⨫ fdisk    ⠭  ⤥  
(ࠧ)  襬 ⪮ ᪥  襩 樮 ⥬.
⪨  ࠧ  ४.  ᫮ ४   ࠧ
⭮ ⪮ ᪠.
      ⮨  㯯 ४.   ⪨    
ᮤঠ  4 ࠧ.  ࠧ   ᢮ -
 ⥬  ᮮ⢥騥 ⠫  䠩 ⥬.
      fdisk   ⬥ - ࠧ -
  "⨢".         祭(㧪)
 㦠  樮 ⥬  ⨢ ࠧ.
 UNIX   ⨢,      ᯮ짮
 ⥬ UNIX.
      fdisk   㪠 ᫮ ४  -
 ࠧ.  ᫮  㯭  ४  ᨫ쭮   ࠧ
襣 ⪮ ᪠.   ४㥬 ᯮ짮 ⪨ 
   50 .  ࠧ UNIX ⠪ 
 ᫠ ⮢ ணࠬ ᯥ祭,    -
⠭.    㪮   custom(ADM), ⮡
 ଠ  ⠭  㤠   ਡ-
⨢ ⥬  UNIX.   室  ࠩ  40 
  ࠧ UNIX.    ⠭  
樮 ⥬     ᪮ ࠭⢮,   ⠫쭮
ᯮ짮  ࠭ 짮⥫᪨ 䠩   㣨 -
⮢ ணࠬ ᯥ祭.

                                - 9-4 -

      fdisk   㪠뢠  稭   
砥   ࠧ.  1fdisk3    ᮧ -
४뢠騥 ࠧ.     ⠭ ⥬ UNIX 
 ࠧ.
      ᥣ  ⠭ 砫 襣 ࠧ DOS 
砫 ᪠,  稭  ࢮ 樫,    㫥. 
 DOS 뢠 㧮   樫 0 祭   
   㧮筮 ,   ⠭ 砫 ࠧ
DOS  㫥 樫 ਢ  ⮬,   ࠧ  DOS  ⠭
㯭 ᫥  ⠭.
     ᫨  ⠭ ࠧ UNIX      -
 ࠧ DOS,  ⠭ 砫 ࠧ UNIX  ᫥騩 -
 ⮣ ᪠.   ⮣, ⮡ । 砫 ᫥饣
樫,     ᫥ ४ 襣 ࠧ DOS 
। 砫 ࠧ UNIX  ᫥騩  ४,  -
   뢠  襣 ᪠. ਬ, ᫨
 襣 ⪮ ᪠ 5 뢠   ࠧ DOS  -
砥  ४  ஬ 103,  ⠭ 砫 ࠧ UNIX
 ४  ஬ 105.
       ᪠  ⥬ UNIX,   ன⢠ ࠧ-
 UNIX - /dev/hd0a.   祭  ஡ ଠ樨
  㪮   hd(HW).
       権 fdisk ନ  ⠡  ⥪饣  ﭨ
ࠧ (  ⮡ࠦ ⠡ ࠧ).   㪠-
   ࠧ  ⨢,   ४, ᫥
४, ᫮  ᯮ㥬  ४  ᮮ⢥ 樮
⥬. ᫨  롥       <Return>,
 १ 㤥 룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ :
+----------------------------------------------------------------
|    Current Hard Disk Drive: /dev/hd00
|    (⥪騩 ࠩ ⪮ ᪠ : /dev/hd00)
|________________________________________________________________
|| Partition  |  Status   |  Type  |   Start  |  End  |  Size   |
|| (ࠧ)   | ()  | (⨯ ) |  (砫)|()| (ࠧ)|
|================================================================
||    1       | Inactive  |  DOS   |    005   |   398 |   393   |
|________________________________________________________________
||    2       |  Active   |  UNIX  |    400   |  1219 |   819   |
|________________________________________________________________
|
| Total disk size : 1229 tracks (9 tracks reserved for
| masterboot  and diagnostics).
| [騩 ࠧ ᪠ : 1229 ४ (9 ४ १ࢨ஢
|    ᭮ 㧪  ⨪)]

                                - 9-5 -

     p祭 p樮 ⥬

      3    ४祭  DOS,  ᫨  ⠭
ࠧ DOS  UNIX ࠧ :

     * 㪠 DOS    롮 㧪,

     * ᯮ짮 ᪥,   ᮤন 䠩, 室
        㧪 樮 ⥬ DOS, 

     * ᯮ짮 fdisk   ⨢ ⥪饣 ࠧ-
       .

      ४㥬  ᯮ짮 㧪   ᪥   
 ⢥  DOS    롮 樮 ⥬  -
㧪. 㧪  ᪥  롮 ⢥    ᭮
, ॥    ࠭ ⨢ ࠧ,  ⠭
 fdisk.
        ᯮ 롮 ⢥    ᪥ 
㧪 DOS, ࠧ UNIX ⠥ ⨢    ४-
 樮 ⥬.   ᯮ fdisk, ࠧ UNIX
⠭ ⨢   ,       ୥  ⭮
祭 ⨢ ⮩  .
      ⮣,  ⮡ ᯮ짮 ᯮᮡ 롮 ⢥   -
,  :
     dos
        :
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|    Boot
|    :
|
      ⮣,  ⮡ ᯮ짮 㧪  ᪥,  ᫥
᫥饩 楤 :
     1. ⪫  짮⥫ ⥬.
     2.  shutdown(ADM)  ࠧ㧪 ⥬  UNIX. 
          ᯥ稢  ,    짮⥫ 㧭,
         ⥬ ࠧ㦠,      稢,
        ⥬ ⥬ ⠭.
     3. ᫥ ⮣,  ⥬ UNIX ࠧ㦥, ⠢ -
         ᪥ DOS  ᭮(㧮) ᪮.
     4. 㧨 DOS.

                                - 9-6 -

     5.  ⮣,  ⮡    UNIX, 㤠 ᪥
         ᪮    <CTRL><Alt><Del>, 
         <Reset>,   몫,   ⥬  -
        .
     ,   ⨢  ࠧ - ࠧ UNIX,    
㦠 ⥬  ᪥   ३   :  ⮣,
⮡ ࠡ  䠩 DOS.
     㣮  ᬥ 樮 ⥬ -  ⨫-
  fdisk    ⠭  ⨢ ࠧ UNIX  ⨢
ࠧ DOS. ⥬, ᫥ ⮣   ࠧ㧨 ⥪ ⥬
(.  ) DOS 㧨  ⪮ ᪠.     ⮬
砥 ⠢  ᪮ 㧮 ᪥  DOS,  ⠪  DOS
饭  ࠧ DOS  ⪨ .
     ⮡ ४  ⭮    ⥬  UNIX,   
fdisk  ⥬ DOS,   ᤥ ⨢ ࠧ UNIX.  ⮡
१㧨      ࠧ     UNIX,          
<CTRL><Alt><Del>,     <Reset>,   몫,   ⥬
 .
        ࠧ  UNIX   ⨢  ⮣,  ⮡
ࠡ  ⮩ ⥬,    易⥫쭮  ᯮ짮
㧮 ᪥  㧪 ⥬.   ⮤ ਬ 
। ᬥ 樮 ⥬.
                      9.1
            ன⢠ ⪨ ᪮  DOS
           +-----------------+-------------------+
           |  ᮣ襭     |       ᮣ襭  |
           | ன⢠   |      ன⢠|
           |    XENIX        |         UNIX      |
           +-----------------+-------------------+
           |/dev/hd0d        |     /dev/dsk/0sd  |
           |/dev/rhd0d       |     /dev/rdsk/0sd |
           |/dev/hdld        |     /dev/dsk/lsd  |
           |/dev/rdld        |     /dev/rdsklsd  |
           +-----------------+-------------------+
      ன    ⪨ ᪮,    ⠡
9.1, 宦  /dev/hd0a (⨢ ࠧ ᪠),  ⮣,  
ࠩ ᪠ । ।  ࠧ  ࠧ-
 DOS,  ᯮ   hd0d  hdld. (   ᯮ짮-
 ᮣ襭   ன  XENIX,  ⠪  UNIX,  
).  ,  ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ᪠-
   ࠧ  UNIX   ᯮ饥 ࠧ DOS 易 
 ࠧ - ࠧ DOS (ࠩ ᪠ ᤥ  ᠬ).

                                - 9-7 -
________________________________________________________________

     ⠭ ࠧ UNIX  ⥬ DOS

     ᫨   ⠭ ⥬ UNIX  ⪨ , -
 । ⨬ ᮤঠ ⮫쪮 DOS, 믮 ᫥ ᫥-
⥫쭮 ⢨ :
     1.  (ᤥ १ࢭ )  䠩   -
        ४ਥ    ⪮  ᪠  ᪥   -
         .
     2.   fdisk  ࠢ ⥬ DOS. -
           ᢮   ࠧ UNIX ( -
         40 )  襬 ⪮  ᪥,  ३  
        蠣  4.  ,  㤠 ࠧ DOS,  ⥬ ᮧ 
        ᭮,  ⠢ 筮   ᪥  ⠭
        UNIX    㣮  ணࠬ  ᯥ祭,  ஥ 
         ⠭.
     3.   १ࢭ  䠩 DOS   ᮧ-
         ࠧ.  ࠭ १ࢭ   砩 訡,
        ⮡   .
     4.  몫  .
     5.  ᫥⥫쭮 ⢨ 楤  ⠭-
        ,  ᠭ   㪮⢥  ⠭ 襩 ⥬
        UNIX.
         㢨 ᮮ饭,  ।०饥  ⮬,  ᮤ-
          ⪮  ᪠ 㤥 ࠧ襭.    
        稭  ᯮ⢠,  ⠪   㦥  ᮧ  -
        ࢭ    䠩 DOS  㧨    ࠧ
        DOS.    ࠧ 㤥  ᮤঠ  ⥬
        UNIX,    ⠭ ⮩ ⥬ 㤥  -
        ଠ ⮫쪮  ࠧ UNIX.
      6.  祭 楤 ⠭ 㤥  맢  fdisk  
        ᮧ ࠧ  ⪮ ᪥. ᯮ fdisk 
        뤥 ࠧ ࠧ஬   40   ࠧ-
         UNIX.
      7.   UNIX ⨢ 樮 ⥬,  ࠢ
          fdisk - "⨢ ࠧ".
      8.  ⠭ ⥬ UNIX.

                                - 9-8 -
________________________________________________________________
p砭
      fdisk ⥬ UNIX ⮡ࠦ ࠧ DOS   DOS,
⮣    fdisk ⥬ DOS ⮡ࠦ ࠧ UNIX 
Other (⫨  ⥬ DOS).
        fdisk ⥬ DOS   ᮧ ⮫-
 ࠧ DOS, ᯮ fdisk UNIX - ⮫쪮 ࠧ UNIX.
     ,   fdisk DOS ᮮ頥 ࠧ  樫,
 fdisk UNIX -  ४.  । ᫮  ࠧ 樫஢ 
襬 ⪮ ᪥.
________________________________________________________________

                                - 9-9 -
________________________________________________________________
   ᯮ짮 ⥬  UNIX    DOS     
   ⪨ ᪠

       㦠 樮 ⥬    ⨢
ࠧ  ࢮ ⪮ ᪥. ⥬ UNIX  㦠
 ࢮ ⪮ ᪠.  ᪮쪮 ⥩ 䨣樨
⥬,   砥,  ᫨      ⪨ ᪠  
㦠 DOS.  ⮬ ࠧ 뢠 ⮫쪮 .
      ⮨  ⮬,    砥    ࠧ-
 UNIX.   ᪠ DOS ᯮ ᪥  㪠뢠:
     A> A: C:
      室   DOS  ஬ ⪮ ᪥,    
 祭   ண   ᪠.    ᯮᮡ  ࠡ⠥  
 ᨩ DOS.  ᨨ DOS ᯮ ⮫쪮 
⪨   ⥬.
________________________________________________________________
p砭
     ᫨  ᯮ ⪨     ⥬  DOS,  
   ᪮䨣஢  ⥬ DOS.  祭
஡ ଠ樨  䨣樨 ⪮ ᪠  
  "⠭ ⥫ ⪨ ᪮" ⮣ 㪮-
⢠.
________________________________________________________________
     㣮 ⮤ ⮨  뤥 ࠧ DOS  ࠧ
 ࢮ ⪮ ᪥.  ࠧ DOS ᮧ  ⨢.
 ⮬ 砥  ᥣ 㦠 DOS.   㧪 UNIX
 ⪮ ᪠ ॡ  ⨢ ࠧ.
     ᫨   ᯮ ன ⪨ ,  -
   mkdev hd  ⮣, ⮡ ᮧ 䠩 -
ன⢠  ண ᪠,  砥 ᫨   ᯮ짮-
 ⨫ DOS ⥬ UNIX (doscp,  dosls, doscat  .) ᫨
    ᯮ짮  ⨫  ⮣,  ⮡ 
  䠩 DOS  ஬ ⪮ ᪥,    ᯮ짮-
  mkdev hd.

                                - 9-10 -
________________________________________________________________
p砭
     ६ ᤥ १ࢭ  襩 㧮筮  -
,  ᫨  ᯮ   㧪 襩 ன -
 ⥬.
________________________________________________________________

                                - 9-11 -
________________________________________________________________

      樮 ⥬  ⪮ ᪠

        ,          㦭      
樮 ⥬,  ⠭  襬 ⪮ ᪥. ᫨
  㤠   樮  ⥬,  ᯮ
ᮮ⢥  fdisk.  㤠 ࠧ UNIX  -
 ᯮ짮  fdisk ⥬ UNIX.  ⮡ 㤠 ࠧ
DOS, ᯮ fdisk  ⥬ DOS.  ࠧ 㤠-
 ᮤন  ⮣  ࠧ    ᢮   ।
࠭⢮.
       ⥬ ।  ࠭⢮  -
 㣮  ࠧ UNIX  DOS  ७ .
७ - ࠧ ॡ ⠭  樮-
 ⥬  ( ࠧ UNIX) ८࣠樨 䠩 -
  ⮬ ࠧ,  ᯮ  divvy(AD).    
 "⠭ ⥫쭮 ⪮ ᪠" ⮣ 㪮-
⢠, ᫨   ன ࠧ UNIX     ᯮ짮-
  ࠧ  ନ஢ 䠩 ⥬.

                                - 9-12 -
________________________________________________________________
     ⨫, ᯥ稢騥   DOS

     ⨫, ᯥ稢騥   DOS ஡ ᠭ  -
⢥ 짮⥫  "ᯮ짮  ⨫,  ᯥ稢
  DOS".  ⨬,     㦠,  
 ⨢,  ࠧ DOS  ⪮ ᪥  ᪥ DOS.  -
, ⮡ ᯮ짮  .  ਬ,   ६-
 䠩 ⮫쪮  ࠧ UNIX   ⪮  ᪥    ᪥
DOS, ᫨    ᪥  㧮筮,   
ࠧ DOS  ⮬ ⪮ ᪥.   祭  ⥫쭮
ଠ樨  ⨫,  ᯥ稢   DOS, 
 㪮 짮⥫.
         ⠪  ᯮ짮    UNIX  -  dd(C)  
diskcp(C)  ஢  ࠢ ᪥ DOS.  -
 UNIX dtype()  ⨯ ᪥  ᯮ (DOS  UNIX).
     , 䠩  /etc/default/msdos  뢠    䠩
⥬ DOS ᮮ⢥  ன⢠ UNIX (..  A:,  B:,
C: ...).
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
         믮 ணࠬ   ணࠬ -
 DOS  襩 ⥬ UNIX.
________________________________________________________________
     樮 ⥬  ᯮ 娥 ४    
DOS  ⪮ ᪥. ᫨  宩 ४   DOS,
 ,  ⠪  doscp,     㯠 
ᯮ祭 ,    訡筮.  ⠪ 砥
 ᮮ饭 "訡  ⪮ ᪥".
     ᫨ 䠩 讣 ࠧ,    ᪮஢   
㣮     ࠢ DOS,   ⥬   
 䠩.

                                - 9-13 -
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
      ⪥ ᯮ짮 ⨫ DOS  㯠  䠩 
襬  ࠧ DOS,     ᮮ饭  訡 "bad
media byte (宩   )".  ᮮ饭 砥, 
ࠧ  DOS  ⪮ ᪥   㧮.   
ᤥ  ࠧ DOS 㧮,  ⮣ ᭠砫 室
ᮧ  १ࢭ  䠩 ⮣ ࠧ DOS,  ⥬ -
 DOS  ᪥  ଠ஢  ࠧ,  ᯮ  -
 :
     format /s c:
        ९ ⭮  䠩 DOS.
________________________________________________________________

     㬥 䠩  ⠫

     㬥 䠩  ⠫  ଠ:
     device:name
      device -   ଠ UNIX   ᯥ樠쭮  䠩
ன⢠, ᮤঠ饣  ᪥  ࠧ DOS,  name - 
 䠩  ⠫ DOS. ਬ:
     /dev/fd0:/john/memos
     砥,  䠩 memos ᮤন  ⠫  /john,  
   ࠧ    䠩 ன⢠ /dev/fd0 ( ᯥ樠
䠩 ன⢠ UNIX  ᭮ ᪥  ࠩ).  㬥
 㪠 device: ਭ  䠩 UNIX.

     짮⥫᪨, ਭ  㬮砭 䠩
      ࠨ 䨣樥

      ᮣ襭, 짮⥫᪨, ਭ    㬮砭
䠩   ࠨ  䨣樥  /etc/default/msdos 
।  ࠩ஢ DOS,      ᯮ짮
    ᯥ樠쭮 䠩 ன⢠ UNIX.  ਬ,
   ᫥騥   ᠭ  䠩:
     A=/dev/fd048ds9
     B=/dev/fd096ds15
     C=/dev/hd0d
     D=/dev/hdld

                                - 9-14 -

      ⮫쪮  ।  ६,    ᯮ-
 㪢 "A"  祭  ࠩ    ᯥ樠쭮
䠩 ன⢠  /dev/fd0  (48ds9  㬮砭)  饭 
䠩  ⠫ DOS. ਬ :
     /dev/fd0:/john/memos
       ᫥騬:
     A:/john/memos
     㪢 "B"  祭 ࠩ  뫠    ᭮
᪥ ࠩ  ᮪  ⭮  (96ds15),   㪢 "C"  "D"
뫠  ࠧ DOS ᭮    ⥫쭮  ⪮
᪠.
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
     ᫨  稫 ᮮ饭 " cannot open /dev/hd0d (  -
      ன⢮  /dev/hd0d)"  宦  ,
஢ ⠭  ࠧ襭 짮⥫    ᯥ-
 䠩 ன⢠. ਢ஢ 짮⥫  -
  ࠧ襭    chmod.  ਬ, -
:
     chmod 666/dev/hd0d
     ⠭ ࠧ襭   ⥭    
짮⥫ ᯥ樠쭮 䠩 ன⢠ "/dev/hd0d", ஥
 ࠧ DOS  ᭮ ⪮ ᪥.
________________________________________________________________

                                - 9-15 -
________________________________________________________________
     ࣠ 䠩 ⥬ DOS  UNIX ⥬

        DOS-⨫⠬ ᯥ祭 뢠 -
樮 ⥬  ࠡ  䠩 DOS (ᠭ  㪮-
⢥ 짮⥫),   ⠪ ࣠ 䠩 ⥬
DOS   ᢮    䠩   ६ ࠡ -
襩 ⥬ UNIX.
      砥,   䠩 DOS  ।஢  ஢-
    ।⥫쭮  ஢      䠩
⥬ UNIX.  ᭮  ࠭祭   ,   䠩 
ணࠬ ਫ DOS    믮  ⮬ ᮣ-
襭;  ॡ ᯮ짮 VP/ix ( ࠡ  襩 -
⥬ UNIX)  㧪  ࠧ DOS.  , ⥪⮢  -
ଠ樮 䠩    ᬮ७,᪮஢  -
஢.

     প  ᮧ 䨣樨  ࣠
     䠩 ⥬ DOS

      ᮮ⢥⢨  ⥬  뫨 ࣠ 䠩 ⥬
DOS, প  ।  ⢮   . ᫨
   ⠪,            
  mkdev(ADM). ⮢,   ॣ-
  root(᭮ 짮⥫),   :
     mkdev dos
     sysadmsh 롮 짮⥫: ⥬-> 䨣->
              -> DOS
        室 㭪樮 -
   訢  ।஢  . (᫨   ⠭
 痢,  㤥 襭   ⠭). ᫥
१㧪,     ࣠  䠩 ⥬ DOS 
ᠭ  ᫥饬 ࠧ.

      ࣠   䠩 ⥬ DOS

     樮 ⥬ ࠡ⠥    䠩묨  ⥬  DOS
।⢮    ᢮ 䠩 ⥬ UNIX 
䠩 ⥬ DOS.    ⥬  UNIX    ᮪
஢묨  ࠡ  짮⥫᪮ ।. -
⮬    ⫨⥫ ,    -
祭  ࠡ  DOS, ⠪ :

                                - 9-16 -

     * 쭮 ᯮ짮 䠩
     * ࠧ襭 㯠
     * ᯥ樠 䠩 (⠪  ,  䠩  ன  
       .)
     * 裡 
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
     㣨 ਪ/樮  ⥬  ࣠-
뢠    䠩 ⥬ DOS  ⠪    ࠧ.
,  設⢮    䠩 ⥬ DOS,  -
襭 .    ᮮ⢥  䨪権  
७ 䠩 ⥬ DOS,  楫 㢥祭  -
쭮.   ࣠樨 ⠪ 䠩 ⥬ 
ᯥ譮  ⨣  ।⢮  ४⥫ 䠩 ⥬
(FSS).
________________________________________________________________
      ⮣, ⮡ ᤥ 䠩 DOS 㯭묨  ⥭, 
䠩 ⥬ DOS  㭪樨 ࠧ襭 㯠  -
쭮 ᯮ짮,   ࣠.

      ᯮ짮  mount

        ࣠樨 䠩 ⥬ DOS  ᫥-
騩 ଠ:
     2mount -r -f DOS /dev/hdxy /mountpoint
     
     x             ⪮ ᪠
     y            ࠧ ᪠
     mountpoint   ⠫  ୥ 䠩 ⥬, 
                 ࣠ 䠩 ⥬ DOS.
     ᯮ  mount,   㪠 । -
 ⪮ ᪠  ࠧ (⮡  ।  ᮮ⢥-
⢨).

                                - 9-17 -

     ࣠  ᪥

        ⠪ ࣠ ᪥  DOS,   ᫥饬
ਬ ᯮ ᪥ 96tpi  ࣠    ⠫
/mnt :
     mount -r -f DOS /dev/fd096 /mnt

     ⠭  ஢ઠ 䠩 ⥬ DOS

     樮 ⥬ ᮤন  DOS ⨫ fsck(ADM),
 ࠡ⠥  䠩 ⥬ DOS.   ⨫ ᮣᮢ-
 ⠡ FAT (⠡ ࠧ饭 䠩) DOS  䠩,  -
室騬  䠩 ⥬ DOS.   ⨢஢ 
fsck, ⮬᪨ । 䠩 ⥬ DOS  ⠭-
 ᮮ⢥騩  .

          䠩 ⥬ DOS

     쪮 ᭮ 짮⥫    ࣠  䠩
⥬.   짮⥫   䠩 ⠭  ᮮ-
⢨  ॡﬨ  ࠧ襭   ᮡ⢥, 
᭮ 짮⥫ 뢠  ᯮ짮 䠩 -
⥬ DOS.  - ࠭祭, ᠭ ࠭, DOS  ᯮ
ࠧ襭    ᮡ⢥  䠩.  DOS, 
࣠묨  ⥬ UNIX,   ᫥騬 ᢮⢠:
   * 襭    ࠢ ᮡ⢥  䠩 ⠭-
       mount point (ᯥ樠 㪠⥫, ⠭-
       㧪).  ਬ,  ᫨ ᭮  짮⥫
     ᮧ mount point /x c ࠧ襭   777,   
     짮⥫    ⥭    ⮩  䠩-
       ⥬.  ᫨  ᭮  짮⥫  ⠭ mount
     point  ࠢ  ᮡ⢥,  䠩  ⮩ 䠩-
      ⥬,    㣨, ᮧ 㣨 -
     ⥫ﬨ,  ᮡ⢥ ᭮ 짮⥫.
   * 襭      ॣ 䠩   
     0777 - ⥭/,   0555 - ⮫쪮 ⥭.  -
      ᮣᮢ  䠩 ⥬ DOS. ᫨ 짮-
     ⥫    䠩 ⥬,    ࠭祭 ࠧ-
     襭        䠩,  ⠭  

                               - 9-17a -

     ⠫ DOS.   ࠢ   - ⮫쪮  ⥭  
     ⥭/.   䠩 ᮧ,   ࠧ襭  
       ।,  室  ᪨ 짮⥫ umask,
       ᮧ.  ਬ, ⨬,  umask 짮-
     ⥫ - 022,  ⮣ 䠩, ᣥ஢ ⨬ 짮-
     , 㤥 ࠧ襭   777.   ਬ:

     ਬ 1:  ᮧ 䠩: 襭   
      ᥪ樨 ᠭ ࠢ ᮡ⢥  ᪨ 짮⥫.
     祭  ᪨ 짮⥫ 022 ਢ  ⮬,   䠩
     ᮧ  ࠧ襭    ᪮ 777  ⮬  ࠧ-
       DOS.     짮⥫   ࠧ᪨஢
       .

                                - 9-18 -

     ਬ 2:   ᬠਢ 䠩,  㦥  
     ࠧ DOS.     㢨, ࠧ襭   
     ⮣  䠩  ।   ᪮ "" ࠧ襭 
     mountpoint UNIX  ࠧ襭 ⮣ 䠩  DOS.  -
     , ᫨ mountpoint UNIX - 750,  ࠧ襭 䠩  DOS -
     555,  ࠧ襭    䠩 㤥 550.  -
     , 祣  㦭   umask.
   *  ⢮ ⮫쪮     link    
     䠩  䠩 ⥬ DOS. "."  ".." - ᯥ樠 -
     砩  ⮬ ᮣ襭        ⮢
     link  ⫨稥  ⥬ UNIX.
   *  ⥬ UNIX,  ।⢠ ⠪    ஢  ࠢ
     ⥬,    ࠧ    ணࠬ  ணࠬ
     ਫ ⢫      䠩  ६
     ࠧ묨 짮⥫ﬨ.   ।⢠ ࠡ 
      ࣠ 䠩 ⥬ DOS.  짮⥫ -
       ।஢     䠩  ⢫ 
       ⠪,  ࠧ襭 ᯮ㥬 堭 ஢-
     .

     ᬮ 䠩 DOS

       ᮤন 䠩  﫮, ᨬ  -
 (^M)     ।஢ 䠩 DOS   ⥬
UNIX. (  ⥬  UNIX ᯮ ⮫쪮 ᨬ  ப,
⮣   DOS ᯮ    ᨬ   -
).   ४祭 ᯮᮡ 祭  ப ਬ-
  dtox(C)  xtod(C).    dtox  ਬ  
ਢ ଠ DOS  ଠ UNIX,   xtod - .
 ।⢠ ஡ 뢠  ࠧ "⨫  㯠  
䠩 DOS"  㪮⢥ 짮⥫.

     ࠭祭

      ⥫  ᪨ ࠭祭,  
室 㤨.

      䠩

      ᮧ  䠩    ८ࠧ  ᯮ
ࠢ, ᠭ  㪮⢥      dos   ࠢ筨
짮⥫. ஬ ⮣ ਬ ⠭ ࠭祭 DOS
 ᯮ㥬  ᨬ.  ,      ᯮ짮
ᯥ樠 ᨬ ⠪   ⥬ UNIX.

                                - 9-19 -

      ६

      ந室   䠩 DOS  ࠧ  UNIX,-
 ६ ᮧ,    㯠 ᥣ  
 ⮬ ᯮ GMT,  ..  । ६   ਭ᪮
ਤ.  (⥬  ᯮ GMT ७  ८ࠧ 
 ⭮ 짮⥫).   ,  䠩, ᮧ
  䠩  ⥬ DOS  ࠢ DOS  UNIX,   
 ᮢ⨬ ६   樮 ⥬.

     ⨫ ᮧ १ࢭ  UNIX

     ⨫ backup(ADM)  xbackup(ADM)     ᯮ-
   ᮧ १ࢭ   ࣠ 䠩
⥬ DOS. ⨫ DOS  㣨 ணࠬ ஢ 
tar(C)  ࠡ ᮮ⢥騬 ࠧ.
      祭 ஡ ଠ樨,  孨᪨ -
 ᯮ짮  DOS,      㪮   dos(C)
ࠢ筨 짮⥫.

                                - 9-20 -
________________________________________________________________
     樮 ⥬ UNIX  DOS  ⠭ ᪠

     樮 ⥬ UNIX ᯥ稢  প  "⠭-
" ⪨ ᪮.  ନ "⠭" ⭮  -
 ᪠,     ⠭ 祭 -
஢  ROM 襣 .
     ࠢ ࠬ,            㪠뢠    
⠭⭮ ᪠(),        㧮筮
,       ᥪ஬  襣  㧮筮
⪮ ᪠.    㪠 ࠪ⨪ ⮣ ⪮
᪠   ⠭,     ࠪ⨪  ⥬  
뢠 ⠢襩   㧮筮 .  -
樠  㧮 ,   ⠭  
⠭ UNIX,  ⠭  ࠬ ᪠  㪠
祭  ᨬ  ⮣,  樮 ⥬ -
 "⨢".   堭 ᯥ稢 প ⠭-
 ᪮   UNIX,⠪   DOS 樮 ⥬.
      ᯥ樠  㧮  ন -
⠭ ᪨  DOS,    ᯮ짮  ⥬
UNIX,   ⮣  ⮡ ⠭ DOS   ⪨ .  ᫨
ᯮ ⠭ , ।,   㦥 -
 ᯮᮡ ।  䠩 DOS    ⪨ .
         ⨢ ࠧ,     ᯮ짮-
 fdisk  ⮫쪮 ⥬ UNIX  ࠢ ⠡楩 ࠧ
襣 ⪮ ᪠. ᯮ짮 fdisk DOS  짮⥫-
᪨   fdisk,  ⠢塞 ந⥫ ⪮ ᪠,
 ᤥ  ᯮ㥬묨   ࠪ⨪   ⠭⭮
⪮ ᪠,    ਢ  ⮬,     
㤥 ᯮ짮.
      10

       짮⥫
________________________________________________________________

                                                    10-1
     ࠢ ⮬                                      10-3
       짮⥫                               10-3
      /祭 ࠢ 짮⥫                10-8
       ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫              10-9
      ஢ ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫            10-9
       㯯 짮⥫                        10-10
       ஫ 짮⥫ 
            ࠬ஢ ஫                               10-11a
      ।/ ࠬ஢ ஫
            짮⥫                                    10-13
      / 㯯                            10-14
     䨣   㬮砭                        10-15
      롮 ᭨   㬮砭                   10-16
      ᪮  ࠬ஢               10-17
       ࠭祭 室  ⥬,
            ਭ⮣  㬮砭                          10-17
       ࠭祭  ஫,
            ਭ⮣  㬮砭                          10-19
       ࠢ, ਭ  㬮砭              10-21
      ਧ   ਢ஢
            짮⥫                                    10-24
      ࠢ  ࠡ  ஬                              10-24
     ࠢ 室  ⥬  ନ                10-26
      ᬮ 室 ନ                              10-26
      ८। ࠭祭 室  ⥬           10-27
      ஢/ࠧ஢ ନ                    10-28
      ⠭    ன         10-28
      ⮢                                      10-29
         ஫                               10-29
        ࠡ ନ                             10-31
        室  ⥬                             10-32

                                  - 10-1 -
________________________________________________________________
     

      짮⥫     ⥬ -
 ४ 짮⥫ ⥬    ࠢ  ࠢ  㯠
짮⥫  ᠬ ⥬.  ⭠ ଠ ⮨ 
㭨쭮   室  ⥬  ஫   -
⥫,  묨  室  ⥬,  ⠪   ᮡ-
⢥ ⠫,   짮⥫  ࠡ. ஬ -
,   ⥬      ।  祭,  ਭ  
㬮砭,  ।    ᨫ 짮⥫-
᪨ ஫,   짮⥫ 롨 ᢮ ᮡ⢥ -
஫,    ⮪ ࠢ쭮     室  
⥬ ࠧ襭  ஢ .
          ⥫쭮     ᮧ
⭮ ଠ樨   짮⥫ ⥬   প
⮩ ⭮ ଠ樨 -  ஫  짮⥫, 㯯
 室,  짮⥫᪨ 䨪஢,   -
.
       ⠪ । ᫮ ஢ ⥬, 
砥 ᪮쪨 ஢,     㤥 ⢥
 । 樨 ⥬,  砥  -  ।-
  ᭮ 짮⥫      ᯥ
ࠡ  (᭮ 짮⥫  ᥬ  -
  ਢ஢  짮⥫,  ਭ묨  㬮-
).
      ⮩  뢠 ᫥騥 㭪樨:
   ࠢ ⮬    ,   㤠 ⭮
   ᮢ             ଠ樨 짮⥫    ᮧ
                        㯯 짮⥫
   䨣    䨣 ࠬ஢  室  -
   ᮢ   㬮-   ⥬     ஫,   ਭ   
   砭                㬮砭
   ࠢ 室   ࠢ 室   ⥬  ନ-
    ⥬  ନ-        -
                   
    ⮢     ⮢   室  ⥬
                        짮⥫,  ᯮ짮  -
                         짮⥫ﬨ,   -
                        ஫ 짮⥫
      ஢ ࠭祭  ,  ਭ  㬮-
砭,  ࠧ  ᫥ ᮧ ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫.
 ࠭祭 饭  "䨣樨   㬮砭". 
 ।, 㤮⢮   祭 ॡ -
襩 ⥬  .

                                  - 10-2 -
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
           ᫮            ।஢
/etc/passwd ⥪⮢ ।஬.  ਢ  ⮬,  ⮡-
ࠧ ᮮ饭  訡  ⥬    㤥 ਭ
 ᮢ  室  . ᯮ 롮 ⭮ ଠ-
樨 sysadmsh        ⭮  ଠ樨
짮⥫.    /etc/passwd 饭  ⥫
饭 ஫  ,   ᮤন  
஫  㣨 ࠬ    짮⥫.
________________________________________________________________

                                  - 10-3 -
________________________________________________________________
     ࠢ ⮬ ᯮ짮 ᮢ

      ࠧ 뢠  ᮧ  ⭮  ଠ樨
짮⥫  ࠢ .

      짮⥫

          짮⥫    ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫,
 ࠢ 室  ⥬,   ணࠬ sysadmsh. 
ணࠬ  ᮧ       ⭮ ଠ-
樨.  ᫥ ⮣   㤥 ᮤঠ ଠ  
짮⥫ (  室  ⥬  砫 ஫), -
 ⥬ ᯮ    ।⠢  짮⥫  ࠢ
    ⥬    ࠡ.  Sysadmsh ⠪ ᮧ ᢮
ᮡ⢥ ⠫    짮⥫,  ⮢ -
⥫     mail   䠩 樠樨 (-
,  .profile  । Bourne,  .login  । ), ᮤ-
騩    UNIX,    믮,   짮⥫
室  ⥬.
     ⮡ ᮧ      ଠ  짮⥫  
sysadmsh  ᤥ ᫥騩 롮:
     ⭠ ଠ-> 짮⥫-> 
     ⮡ࠧ ᫥騩 ࠭:
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                   Create     |
|                                                  (ᮧ)  |
|  Name of new user (once set, this can not be changed)        |
| (  짮⥫ (  ࠧ,      |
|  ))                                                  |
|                                                              |
|  /tcb/files/auth                             03/23/89  10:57 |
|                                                              |
| +----------------Make a new user account--------------------+|
| |         (ᮧ  ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫)  ||
| |                                                           ||
| |Username : [        ]                                      ||
| |( 짮⥫)                                         ||
| |                                                           ||
| |Comment  : [                                              ]||
| |(ਨ)                                              ||
| |                                                           ||
| |Modify defaults ?  Yes  [No]                               ||
| |( 祭, ਭ  㬮砭 ?    []) ||
| +-----------------------------------------------------------+|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

                                  - 10-4 -

     ⢨ ᫥  ᫥⥫쭮  ⢨,  ⮡
 짮⥫:
     1.      짮⥫  ਥ,  ᫨
        ॡ.
     2. ᫨    祭, ਭ  㬮-
        , 롥 ""  ।     "-
         祭,  ਭ  㬮砭,  짮-
        ⥫".   室  ;    
        <F3>  롮 祭  ᯨ᪠ ⮢ . 
           <Enter>,     祭,
        ஥  ࠫ.
     3.     ,   ࠭ 祧, 㤥
        襭  ⢥ত  襣  .    
        ⢥न ,  ࠭   ᮮ饭
         ᮧ  짮⥫, ਬ:
  +-------------------------------------------------------------
  |  ᮡ⢥ ⠫: < ⠫>
  |  䠩 ।: < 䠩>
  | ⮢   ।  짮⥫: <>

         ᮮ饭  뢠,     室 䠩 
        ⠫ ᮧ. ( ଠ  㬮砭  
        䠩 /usr/lib/mkuser).
     4. ᫥  ⢨  -   ᮧ   砫쭮   ஫.
     Sysadmsh  訢  ,     ᮧ 

        ஫. ᫨ ஫  祭,     
         ᮧ ⭮ ଠ樥. 롥 ""  ᫥-
         ⢨ 楤 祭 ஫:
  +-------------------------------------------------------------
  | Last succesful password change for user: date
  | (᫥ ᯥ譮  ஫  짮⥫: )
  | Last unsuccesful password change for auth: NEVER
  | (᫥ ᯥ譮  ஫  짮⥫:)
  |
  |                Choose password
  |               (롥 ஫)
  |  You can choose whether you pick your own passord,
  |  or have the system create one for you.
  |  (  ,  롨ࠥ ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ஫,
  |    ⥬ ᠬ ᮧ   )
  |    1. Pick your own password(롨ࠥ ᠬ ᢮ ஫)
  |    2. Pronounceable password will be generated for you
  |       (㤥 ᣥ஢ 㤮 ஫  )
  |  Enter choice (default is 1):
  |  ( 롮( 㬮砭 1):)

                                  - 10-4a -

     5. ᫨   롥 1 ,   㤥 襭   ஫
        :
  +-------------------------------------------------------------
  |    Password:
  |    (஫)
  |
  |    Re-enter password:
  |    ( ஫   ࠧ)

        ⨬,  ஫  ⮡ࠦ  ࠭,   
         ࠥ.

                                  - 10-5 -

     6. ᫨  롨ࠥ "g",   ࠭    ᫥
        ଠ:
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|     砩 㤮 ஫  짮⥫.
|     ஫   ᢮ ⥫쭮  ᨥ,  -
|    ᠭ १ , ⮡ࠦ  ࠭.
|     <Return>  <Enter>        㤮⢮
|    ᣥ஢ ஫.
|      롥 ஫,   ,  .
|    ਬ砭:   ᨬ 뢠  'quit'  ४-
|    饭 롮.
|
|஫: xxxxxxxx   ᫮: xx-xx-xx   ஫:
|
     ஢ ஫ ⮡ࠦ  ᢮ ᨥ, -
ᠭ   ᫮  १  .  ᠭ  १  
஫ , ⮡  짮⥫  .

     7. ᢮  ஫ 짮⥫,  ᮢ   -
          ஫ ࠧ ᫥ 室  ⥬.

      ⭠  ଠ 㤥 ਬ  㤥 ন-
  ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠬࠬ , ਭ묨  㬮-
,  ᫨      ⠭   ᯥ᪨ 祭  
⭮ 짮⥫.

      祭 ࠬ஢ 짮⥫,  ਭ 
     㬮砭

      設⢠  짮⥫    Identity
 । 祭,  祭  . 㣨 -
 (ॢ ࠬ,   室  ⥬, ஫, -
)  ꥪ⠬ ⥬ 稭    ਭ  
㬮砭 ⥬.    롨  祭  -
室 । ᯥ᪨   짮⥫ 
࠭祭.
     祭, ਭ  㬮砭 ᢥ  ᫥ -
:

                                  - 10-6 -

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                      Create  |
|                                                    (ᮧ)|
|    Use the system default login group                        |
|   (ᯮ짮 ⥬ ਭ⮩  㬮砭 㯯      |
|    室  ⥬)                                         |
|    7 dec 88 17:51                              /usr/auth     |
|+-----------------Make a new user account--------------------+|
||    (ᮧ  ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫)        ||
||                                                            ||
||+------------- New user account parameters ----------------+||
|||     ( ࠬ ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫)    |||
|||                                                          |||
|||  Login group:    Specify [Default] of value,             |||
||| (㯯 室    <F3> for list:                          |||
|||    ⥬) ( 祭, 祭  㬮砭,   |||
|||                <F3>   祭 ᯨc:)           |||
|||   Groups:         [...                      ]            |||
|||  (㯯)                                                |||
|||  Login shell:    Specify [Default] of sh value,          |||
|||  (।        <F3> for list:                         |||
|||   室)         ( 祭 ।,  㬮砭 sh,||
|||                  <F3>  祭 ᯨ᪠:)             |||
|||  Home directory: Specify [Default] of /usr/sample value, |||
||| (ᮡ⢥     <F3> for list:                          |||
|||  ⠫)       ( ,  㬮砭 /usr/sample,  |||
|||                 <F3>  祭 ᯨ᪠:)              |||
|||  User ID number: Specify [Default] of 200 value:         |||
||| ( -   ( 祭,  㬮砭 200)  |||
|||   짮-                                        |||
|||  ⥫)                                                   |||
|||  CPU priority:   Specify [Default] of 0 value:           |||
||| (ਮ     ( 祭,  㬮砭   0)   |||
|||  ࠡ  -                                           |||
|||  ஬)                                               |||
|||  Type of user:  Specify [Default] of individual value,   |||
||| (⨯ 짮-  <F3> for list:                           |||
|||  ⥫)         ( 祭,  㬮砭 - |
|||                <F3>  祭 ᯨ᪠:)               |||
|||                                                          |||
|||  Account that may su(C) t this user:                    |||
|||  (⭠ ଠ   su(c)  ⮣          |||
|++   짮⥫).                                         ++|
+-+                                                          +-+
  +----------------------------------------------------------+

                                  - 10-6a -

     砫  ⠭   "Login group(㯯 室
 ⥬)".   ⮡ࠦ    -
  ⮫쪮     ᮧ -  ० Modify (),
   ଠ樮묨;  祭  .

   Login group (㯯 室  ⥬)
     㯯 易  ⭮ ⭮ ଠ樥,   -
     묨  짮⥫  室  ⥬.     -
     ,       .   ⠭  㯯
      ⭮ 짮⥫  /etc/pesswd. ⨥ 
     <F3> ਢ  ⮡ࠦ ᯨ᪠      
     饥 ६  ⥬ 㯯.  ⨬,   ਢ
       ।饣 祭 ⮣ ,   ᫨ 祣
      ࠭  .
     ᫨ 짮⥫  饥 ६   童 -
     ࠭ 㯯,  짮⥫ 㤥    㯯
       ࠭   "㯯"  ⭮ 祭.
     짮⥫    㤠  㦥 饩 -
     ;  㤠 짮⥫   㯯,    
     㤠   㯯   "㯯".   ࠭ ࢮ
      㯯,  뢠 㣮   । ࠭; 
      ⠥ , ⠪ ࠧ   ᪮-
      㯯.   饩 㯯 ⮡ࠦ -
      אַ㣮쭨,  訢 ᮧ ⮩ -
     .      㯯,   <Return> ⮡
     ६ .

                                  - 10-7 -

   Groups (㯯)
     ᮪ 㯯,  童    짮⥫;  
        塞.    ⮡ࠦ  -
     ⥫  㯯,    ,  ⮬  "㯯
     室".
   Login shell (c। 室)
     C।,  ᯮ 짮⥫.  (祭  㬮-
     砭 ।  /etc/default/authsh). ᫨ 㪠 -
       ("bin/sh"),   ।, ᠭ ⨬ ⥬ 
     ᯮ  । 室  ⥬ 짮⥫. ,
     ᫨ । 㪠    (  "sh")    ਭ
      "।⥫쭮 । ।",  ।, ।-
       ⠫ ⠫  /usr/lib/mkuser.  롮 ।-
     ⥫쭮  ।  । ਢ  ஢ 䠩-
     ,  易  । (ਬ:  .profile  "sh"), 
     ᮡ⢥  짮⥫᪨  ⠫,   ᮧ
     ⭮ ଠ樨 ⮣ 짮⥫.
   Home directory (ᮡ⢥ ⠫)
       ।,    ࠧ 䠩 짮-
     ⥫.   <F3>  ⮣, ⮡   ᯮ-
      䠩  㬮砭.
   User ID (䨪 짮⥫)
     । ⥬. ( ⠭ 䨪
     짮⥫    ,    ⠥ -
      ஫).    ⮡ࠦ ⮫쪮  ଠ-
      楫.
   CPU priority (ਮ  ࠡ )
     । :  0 -  㬮砭, 祭 -
     襥 0 - 訩 ਮ.   祭 ⥫쭮. 
     ᮮ⢥  祭  nice(C);    祭 ⠫쭮
     ᬮ 㪮⢮  ⮬ 祭.     -
     ,     . ਮ   -
       ⮣ ⮡    짮⥫,  ᪠
     ணࠬ,  ᯮ १୮ ६ .
   Type of user (⨯ 짮⥫)
      設⢥ 砥,   "individual()" 
     "pseudo-user(ᥢ-짮⥫)".  㬮砭 ਭ-
      individual.  짮⥫  ⠪ ⨯ - ॠ -
     ⥫   .  ᥢ-짮⥫  
           ⭮  ଠ樨  mmdf.  
     ᥢ-짮⥫   "⢥⢥ 짮-
     ",  ⢥⢥  ⮩ ⭮ ଠ樨.

                                  - 10-7a -

   Account that may su(C) to this user (⭠ ଠ 
    su(c)  ⮣ 짮⥫).
     짮⥫ ⢥⢥  ⮩ ⭮  ଠ樨. 
        , ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ 짮-
     ⥫  ⨯ ⫨  individual.  짮⥫ 
     ⨯  individual     ⮥,    짮⥫ 
     㣨 ⨯      .    ᮤন
       짮⥫   㠫쭮 ⭮ ଠ樥 (
     㤠). ਬ ᭮ 짮⥫   
     짮⥫,   ⢥砥  ⮩ ⭮ ଠ樨.
      ,   ⭠ ଠ     -
     ;     ⭮ ଠ樨  ।
     ॠ 筮.   <F3> ⮡  ᯨ᮪ 
      㠫 짮⥫ ⥬.

                                  - 10-8 -

      ஢

     ஬ ⠭⭮ ଠ樨 Identity, 짮⥫, -
 ࠡ   ,      .,  
 祭 ⢥⢥   롮 Privileges.  -
⥬ 㦤  ࠧ " ࠢ, ਭ  㬮-
砭"  騥 ࠢ 㦤  ᫥饬 ࠧ.

     /祭 ࠢ 짮⥫

     ⥬ 祭 ࠢ 㦤 ࠭  ࠧ "-
 ࠢ,  ਭ  㬮砭"   襩 ⥯ - 
 "প  ⥬". ࠢ ন  ⮣,
⮡  ᢮묨 짮⥫,    -
   ன ⥬.   祭 
ࠢ ஬ 짮⥫, 롥:

     ࠢ-> 짮⥫-> ஢ઠ:ਢ

     ᫥ ⮣ ⮡ࠧ  ࠭ ᫥ ଠ:
 +-------------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                               Authorizations|
 |                                                (ࠢ)      |
 |   Use default kernel autorizations                          |
 |   (ᯮ ࠢ , ਭ  㬮砭)       |
 |   7 Dec 88  17:51                             /usr/auth     |
 |+-----------View/modify an existing user account------------+|
 ||(ᬮ/ 饩 ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫)
 ||+-------------------- Authorizations ---------------------+||
 |||                       (ࠢ)                           |||
 ||| Username : sample                                       |||
 ||| ( 짮⥫)                                      |||
 ||| Kernel   : Specify  Default  authorizations: [...      ]|||
 ||| (      㪠  㬮砭  ࠢ)                 |||
 ||| Subsystem: Specify  Default  authorizations: [...      ]|||
 |||(⥬ 㪠  㬮砭  ࠢ)                 |||
 |||                                                         |||
 |||         When specifying authorizations                  |||
 |||         <F3> will list thos which may                   |||
 |||         be selected                                     |||
 |||      ( 㪠뢠 ࠢ ⨥  <F3>       |||
 |||       ਢ  ⮡ࠦ  짮⥫,        |||
 ++|          ࠭)                       |++
  ++                                                         ++
   +---------------------------------------------------------+

                                  - 10-9 -

         "㪠"   <F3>  ⮣,  ⮡
   ᯨ᪮ 㯭 ࠢ

________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
     ᫨  ३    㬮砭  㪠, -
祭, ਭ  㬮砭 ࠧ  ⮣ 짮-
;   ⮫쪮 ࠢ,   㪠, ⠭ ⢨⥫묨.
________________________________________________________________

      ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫

      ᠬ ,  짮⥫   㤠  -
.  䨪  祭   
ᯮ짮   ᭮.    ⮣,짮⥫  砥
"㤠",  짮⥫ 㤠  㦨.  -
, ⮡ ભ  ଠ 짮⥫, ⢨-
 ᫥騩 롮  sysadmsh:
     ⭠ ଠ-> 짮⥫-> 
________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
       ଠ    ⨢஢
.  㤠 ﭭ.
________________________________________________________________

     ஢/ࠧ஢ ⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫

       ஢  ᢮ ᬮ७  -
  ଠ. ஬ ⮣,  ⭠ -
   ⮬᪨ ஢  ॢ襭  -
ࠬ஢   室     ⥬  (ᬮ  "䨣    
㬮砭"). ᫨ 짮⥫  ନ ஢, ⮫-
    ࠧ஢.   ⭠ -
ଠ   ஢   ࠧ஢  ᫥騬
롮஬  sysadmsh:
     ⭠ ଠ-> 짮⥫-> ஢ઠ:室  ⥬
      ࠭ ⮡ࠧ ᫥ ଠ:

                                  - 10-10 -

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                               Logins            |
|                                             (室  ⥬)   |
|  Use the system default limit on unsuccessful login attempt     |
| (ᯮ ⥬ ࠭祭, ਭ  㬮砭,   |
|   㤠筮 ⪥ 祭 室  ⥬)             |
|                                                                 |
|   +-----View/modify an existing user account-----------+        |
|   |(ᬮ/ 饩 ⭠ ଠ樨 |        |
|   |     짮⥫)                                  |        |
|+--+----------Login history and locks-------------------+-------+|
||    ( a祭 室  ⥬  ஢)         ||
||                                                               ||
|| Username            : sample                                  ||
||( 짮⥫)                                             ||
|| Last login attempt       Location      Date/time              ||
||(᫥ ⪠       (-        (                 ||
|| 室  ⥬ )        )     ६)                ||
||                                                               ||
||     successful      :    tty01    Thu 3 jan 1989 08:22: 6 AM  ||
||    (ᯥ譠)                                                 ||
||   unsuccessful      :    tty2b    Mon 7 jan 1989 02:12: 9 AM  ||
||  (ᯥ譠)                                                 ||
|| Last logout         :    tty2b    Mon 7 jan 1989 03:19:24 AM  ||
||(᫥ 室                                               ||
||  ⥬)                                                   ||
||                                                               ||
|| Number of  unsuccessful   login   attempts   since   last     ||
|| successful login: 1(᫮ ᯥ ⮪   -     ||
|| ⥬  ᫥ ᯥ譮 室)                            ||
|| Maximum number of unsuccessful attempts before account is     ||
|| locked  (ᨬ쭮 ⢮ 㤠 ⮪  -     ||
|| ,    ஢)                              ||
||            Specify    Default of 6    Value :                 ||
||           (㪠)  ( 㬮砭   (祭)               ||
||                           6)                                  ||
|| Account locked : NO LOCKS                                     ||
||(஢  ⭮ ଠ樨 :  ஢)            ||
||                                                               ||
||Lock status[No change] Apply administrative lock Clear all lock||
||(               (ਬ ⨢- ( ࠧ-||
||஢)             ஢)            ஢)     ||
|+---------------------------------------------------------------+|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

                                  - 10-10a -

     ६    " ஢"  ४-
  ਬ ⨢ ஢   ࠧ-
஢  ॡ.

      㯯 짮⥫

       㯯 室  ⥬ 짮⥫,  롥-
:

     -> 짮⥫-> ᬮ:䨪

      ࠭ ⮡ࠧ ᫥ ଠ:

                                  - 10-11 -

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                    Examine   |
|                                                   (ᬮ) |
|Group associated with this account when the user  logs in     |
|(<F3>  for list) (㯯 ᮮ⢥ ⮩ ⭮ -     |
|ଠ樨,   짮⥫ 襫  ⥬  (<F3>       |
|祭 ᯨ᪠))                                            |
|  +--------View/Modify an existing user account-------+       |
|  |(ᬮ/ 饩 ⭮ ଠ樨|       |
|  |짮⥫)                                      |       |
|+-+----------------------Identity---------------------+------+|
||                    (䨪)                         ||
|| Username : sample                                          ||
||( 짮⥫)                                          ||
|| User ID  : 246      Type of user : Individual              ||
||(䨪      ( 짮⥫  )          ||
|| 짮⥫)                                              ||
|| Account that may su(C) to this user: NONE                  ||
||(⭠ ଠ,        su(C)   ⮣||
|| 짮⥫)                                              ||
|| Login group   : [pub]                                      ||
||(㯯 室  ⥬)                                    ||
|| Groups        : [adm]                                      ||
||(㯯)                                                    ||
|| Login shell   : [/bin/sh]                                  ||
||(। 室  ⥬)                                     ||
|| Home directory: [/usr/sample]                              ||
||(ᮡ⢥ ⠫)                                       ||
|| Comment       : [Sample]                                   ||
||(ਨ)                                               ||
|| Priority      : Specify      [Default] of 0       Value:   ||
||(ਮ)     (㪠)    ( 㬮砭)      (祭) ||
|+------------------------------------------------------------+|
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
     ⠭    ,  ஥    (
⮬ 砥 -  짮⥫)  롮  Identity.  -
⥬     㯯 室  ⥬   -
室.

                                  - 10-11a -

      ஫ 짮⥫  ࠬ஢ ஫

        ஫ 짮⥫   -
    ६.  ࠬ 樨 ࠬ஢  
⠪   㠫쭮 ᭮,   ⮫쪮    
 ७ ⥬.  ।    
஫.  ⮣, ⮡  ᤥ, 롥:

      ࠪ⨪-> 짮⥫-> ᬮ:஫

      ࠭ ⮡ࠧ ᫥ ଠ:

                                  - 10-12 -

+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                  Password   |
|                                                  (஫)   |
|   Use the system default maximum password  length for       |
|   this  user  (ᯮ ᨬ  ஫,       |
|   ਭ  㬮砭,  ⮣ 짮⥫)         |
|  10 Dec 88 19:33                              /usr/auth     |
|  +-------View/modify an existing user accounts--------+     |
|  |(ᬮ/ 饩 ⭮ ଠ樨 |     |
|  |짮⥫)                                       |     |
|+-+-----------------password selection-----------------+----+|
||                     (롮 ஫)                        ||
|| Username:  sample                                         ||
||( 짮⥫)                                         ||
|| Maximum password length: Specify  [Default] of 10  Value: ||
||(ᨬ쭠       (㪠) ( 㬮砭  (祭||
|| ஫)                            10)                    ||
|| User can run generator :   Yes    No    [Default] of Yes  ||
||( 짮⥫        ()  ()  ( 㬮砭 )  ||
||  )                                      ||
|| User can choose own    :   Yes    No    [Default] of No   ||
||(  짮⥫     ()  ()  ( 㬮砭 ) ||
|| 롨 ᠬ)                                             ||
|| Checked for obviousness:   Yes    No    [Default] of Yes  ||
||(஢ઠ  p-   ()  ()  ( 㬮砭 )  ||
|| )                                                    ||
|| Current password status:  [Keep]   Change   Disable       ||
||(騩  ஫) (࠭)()(㯥)  ||
|+-----------------------------------------------------------+|
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
      ᠭ ࠬ஢ ஫     ࠧ
" ࠭祭  ஫, ਭ  㬮砭".
        ஫ 짮⥫,  ࠢ ""
 ⥪饬  ஫.   ⨢ 楤  
஫, ᠭ   ࠧ "  짮-
".
       ⠪ ᤥ "㯭" ஫,    ᠬ
  짮⥫.

    ࠬ஢ 襭 ⢨ ஫ 짮⥫

        । ࠬ 襭 ⢨ 
짮⥫  祭 ⫨筮  祭,  ਭ -
⥬  㬮砭.  ⮣, ⮡  ᤥ, 롥:
     ⭠ ଠ->   짮⥫->   ᬮ:襭
⢨
      ࠭ ⮡ࠧ ᫥ ଠ:

                                  - 10-13 -

+----------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                 Expiration     |
|                                         (襭 ⢨)  |
|     Use the system default  minimum  password  lifetime        |
|     (ᯮ  쭮 ६ ⢮ -        |
|     , ⠭ ⥬  㬮砭)                 |
|   10 Dec 88   19:33                                 /usr/auth  |
|       +-----View/Modify an existing user account-----+         |
|       | (ᬮ/䨪 饩 ⭮   |         |
|       |  ଠ樨 짮⥫)                    |         |
|+------+-----------Password life and death------------+--------+|
||     (६ ⢨ ஫  襭  ⢨)        ||
||  Username               : Sample                             ||
|| ( 짮⥫)                                           ||
||  Last password change     Date/Time                          ||
|| (᫥  ஫  /६)                     ||
||  successful               Wed  Feb 22 09:27:29 1989          ||
|| (ᯥ譮)                                                   ||
||  unsuccessful             NEVER                              ||
|| (ᯥ譮)                                                 ||
||Maximum days between changes:Specify [Default] of None Value: ||
||(ᨬ쭮 ᫮     (㪠)( 㬮砭 (祭:)||
|| ﬨ )                       )                ||
||Expiration time (days)      :Specify [Default] of 20   Value: ||
||(६ ⢨ ஫)     (㪠)( 㬮砭 (祭:)||
||                                          20)                 ||
||Lifetime (days)             :Specify [Default] of 26   Value: ||
||(६ ⢮)       (㪠)( 㬮砭 (祭:)||
||                                          26)                 ||
|+--------------------------------------------------------------+|
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
     ⥫ ࠬ  ⥫  ࠧ  -
 ࠬ஢  ஫  ⥬ ७ " -
࠭祭  ஫, ਭ  㬮砭".

     ।/ ஫쭮 ࠬ   짮-
     ⥫

       । ஫ ࠬ   㠫-
 짮⥫ ⠪  ࠬ ७ ⥬. -
 ⠭ ।  짮⥫ ४뢠  ⥬-
  祭  ਭ    㬮砭.    । 
 ࠬ஢ ஫, 롥:
     ⭠ ଠ-> 짮⥫-> ᬮ:஫

                                  - 10-14 -

+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                       Audit          |
|                                                     (p)       |
|    System startup  (boots)  and shutdown (  -               |
|    p襭 p ⥬)                                          |
| 7 Dec 88   18:43                                  /usr/auth          |
|   +--------View/Modify an existing user account-------+              |
|   |(ᬮ/।஢ 饩  ⭮  -|              |
|   |ଠ樨 짮⥫)                             |              |
|+--+-------------------Audites events------------------+-------------+|
||              (, 騥 ஫)                        ||
||Username: sample                                                    ||
||( 짮⥫)                                                  ||
||A.Startup/shutdown       [Default] B.Login/Logoff          [Default]||
|| (㧪/p襭)               (室/室)                   ||
||C.Process Create/Delete  [Default] D.Make Object Available [Default]||
|| (ᮧ/㤠 )        (ᤥ ꥪ 㯭)     ||
||E.Map Object to Subject  [Default] F.Object Modification   [Default]||
|| (ॢ ꥪ  ꥪ)        ( ꥪ)            ||
||G.Make Object Unavailable[Default] H.Object Creation       [Default]||
|| (ᤥ ꥪ 㯭)        (ᮧ ꥪ)             ||
||I.Object Deletion        [Default] J.DAC changes           [Default]||
|| (㤠 ꥪ)                 ( DAC)                 ||
||K.DAC Denials            [Default] L.Admin/Operator Actions[Default]||
|| (⪠  DAC                    (㭪樨 /)||
||M.Insufficient Privilege [Default] N.Resource Denials      [Default]||
|| ( ਢ)          (⪠  )             ||
||O.IPC Functions          [Default] P.Process Modification  [Default]||
|| (㭪樨 IPC)                      ( )            ||
||Q.Audit Subsystem Events [Default] R.Database Events       [Default]||
|| (ᮡ ⥬ ஫)     (ᮡ 饭   )||
||S.Subsystem Events       [Default] T.Use of Privilege      [Default]||
|| (ᮡ ⥬)                (ᯮ짮 ਢ)     ||
|+--------------------------------------------------------------------+|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
     ⠫쭮 ᠭ ᮡ⨩,  ஫,  -
  ࠧ "ᯮ짮 ⥬ ஫"  "-
 ⥬ " ⮣ 㪮⢠.
       ᯮᮡ ⠭  "Default(  㬮砭)",
"Always(ᥣ)"  "Never()".   ᯮ짮 -
 <F3>  롮  ᯨ᪠ 祭  ᠬ    -
. ॢ ⠪ ᯮ ⥬ (ਬ, "n","nev"
 "N" ᯮ  NEVER).  ⮣, ⮡ 믮  -
祭,   <CTL>x. (᫨   ᫥  ⮩
,  祭,  㪠   ⮬᪨ 믮).

                                  - 10-14a -

     / 㯯

      ⮣, ⮡  㯯,     -
 㯯  ६ ᮧ   ⭮ ଠ樨 
짮⥫.  㤥 ।०,   㯯  -
,    ⢥न,   ᮧ  㯯.

      ᨬ쭮 ᫠ 㯯

      㬮砭, ᨬ쭮 ᫮ 㯯,   ꥤ-
 짮⥫,-  8. ᫮ ࠢ ࠨ -
஬   NGROUPS.      祭         
⨢樥 configure  롮஬ 쥩 ⥣ਨ:  ", -
 ਯ 䠩  䠩 ⥬"   ⮣
祭.     ।஢  ⮣, ⮡ 
祭 ⮣ ࠬ  䥪.  祭  -
樨   ࠧ  "। ᮢ  
 configure"   "ன ࠡ ⥬" ⮣ 㪮-
⢠.

                                  - 10-15 -
________________________________________________________________
     䨣   㬮砭

      ࠧ  饭    ⥬ ,
ࠬ ன ਭ  㬮砭,   砥  ᥡ
ਭ  㬮砭 奬 ஫, ࠢ  饭  -
⥬  ᫮ ⮪ 室  ⥬, ࠧ襭 짮⥫.
     ⠢ 襩  樮 ⥬ 室    ।-
⥫쭮 䨣樥,   砥  ᥡ  ਭ-
   㬮砭 祭,   । 奬 ,
ᯮ㥬  ࣠樨 .    10.1  ᮤন  
祭,  祭 ।騥 "Relaxed (᫠)" -
 (ᮢ⨬  㣨,   饭묨 UNIX ⥬),
   ࠭  ᠭ  "롮 祭 ᫠-
 , ਭ  㬮砭":

                              - 10-15a -

                           10.1
     ⥬ ࠬ , ਭ  㬮砭.
+-----------------------------+---------------+----------------+
|    ࠬ          |    Relaxed    |       C2       |
============================================================
| ஫                      |               |                |
+-----------------------------+---------------+----------------+
| 쭮 ᫮  - |     0         |     14         |
|  ﬨ              |               |                |
| ६ ⢨ ()       |     0         |     42         |
| ६ ⢮         |     0         |    365         |
| ᨬ쭠  ஫   |     8         |     10         |
+-----------------------------+---------------+----------------+
| 짮⥫    - |    Yes        |     Yes        |
|                |               |                |
| 짮⥫  롨 |    Yes        |     Yes        |
| ᠬ                         |               |                |
| ஢ઠ ஫     - |     No        |      No        |
|                        |               |                |
| ॡ     짮- |    Yes        |     Yes        |
| ⥫᪨ ஫             |               |                |
============================================================
| 室  ⥬             |               |                |
+-----------------------------+---------------+----------------+
| ᨬ쭮 ᫮  㤠- |    99         |       5        |
|  ⮪                 |               |                |
| প     ⪠ |     0         |       2        |
| 室                       |               |                |
|                             |               |                |
============================================================
|  ஫㥬 ᮡ⨩ |               | A,B,F,H,I,J,K, |
|                             |               | L,M,N,Q,R,S,T *|
============================================================
| ࠢ                                                        |
+-----------------------------+---------------+----------------+
|  ⥬              | queryspace,   |  queryspace,   |
|                             | printerstat,  |  printerstat,  |
|                             | printqueue,   |  printqueue    |
|                             | su,mem,       |                |
|                             | terminal      |                |
+-----------------------------+---------------+----------------+
|                       | execsuid,     |  execsuid,     |
|                             | chmodsuguid,  |  chown,        |
|                             | chown,        |  nopromain     |
|                             | nopromain     |                |
+-----------------------------+---------------+----------------+
*  ᮡ⨩ ᠭ    "প ⥬ 

                                  - 10-16 -

     롮 祭  ࠬ஢ ᫠ ,  ਭ
      㬮砭.

     祭 ࠬ஢    ஢  "2",  ਭ  
㬮砭, ⮬᪨ ⠭  ६ ⠭. -
    ஢ 襩 ⥬  㭪樮஢
   ⫨筮  㣨 ⥬ UNIX,     ᤥ 
 롮  ।  sysadmsh:
     ⥬-> 䨣-> -> 
      ।⠢   롮 ୠ⨢  -
 祭 ࠬ஢, । ⨪ , ᮢ-
⨬   묨 ⥬ UNIX (. ⠡ 10.1). 
 ᤥ  롮,   ࠭  ᫥饥 ।०-
:
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                       Relax  |
|                                                    (᭨)|
|     Do not  change  the  current  level of security (      |
|      ⥪騩 ஢ )                        |
|    /tcb/files/auth                            03/23/89 10:57 |
|   +------------------Configure default---------------------+ |
|   |             (䨣 祭  㬮砭)       | |
|   |                                                        | |
|   | This options   will   change   the  system  default    | |
|   | authorizations for users to so that the system will    | |
|   | behave  in  a similar manner to a conventional UNIX    | |
|   | system.  It will also  disable  auditing  of  users    | |
|   | actions.(a   ⥬ ࠢ  㬮-    | |
|   | 砭  짮⥫ ⠪,   ⥬ 㤥 -    | |
|   |    ⫨筮 ०  筮 ⥬ UNIX.    | |
|   |  ⠪ ਢ  ⮬,   ஫  ⭮    | |
|   | ଠ樨 짮⥫ ⠭ 㯭).          | |
|   | It may nt be  possible  to  reliably  restore  the    | |
|   | current  level of system integrity at a later time.    | |
|   | (⮢୮ ⠭  ⥪騩  ஢  ⥬    | |
|   |   㤥 ।⠢ ).              | |
|   |                                                        | |
|   |Are you absolutely sure you wish to do this? Yes [No]   | |
|   |( ᮫⭮ 㢥७  ⮬,      ᤥ?| |
|   |  [])                                              | |
|   +--------------------------------------------------------+ |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

                                  - 10-16a -

     ᫨  ᤥ    祭 ࠬ஢
, ਭ  㬮砭,   ᫥饥 -
⥫쭮 ।०:
     +---------------------------------------------------+
     |The default  file  has  changed  since installation|
     |( 祭  㬮砭   ⭮襭 |
     |६ ⠭)                                 |
     |Previous changes will be lost (।騥 |
     | )                                    |
     |                                                   |
     |Press <Return>  to  continue,  or <Escape> to abort|
     |( <Return>  த,  <Escape> |
     |뢠 )                                       |
     +---------------------------------------------------+

                                  - 10-17 -

     ᪮  ࠬ஢ 

     ⥬ ࠬ  㯭  ᫥饬  롮  
     । sysadmsh:
     -> 祭  㬮砭
      ⮡ࠦ ᫥騥 ࠬ :
     * ஫
     * 室  ⥬
     * ࠢ
     ⥬ ࠬ  ࠢ ⥬,   짮⥫
室  ⥬ ,   ⠭ ,   -
  ।⠢  ନ  ਧ ।.   -
㦤  ࠬ,        -
䥩  sysadmsh.  㣨 ࠬ, ᯮ㥬  ⥬ 
䥪⮬  ࠡ ⥬,  㦤 .
        ᯮ짮  ⥬ 㭪樨  ⮣,  ⮡
।  ᮡ⢥ 祭,  ਭ  㬮砭,
।騥   ⥬.  ⥬ ᯮ ᯥ᪨
짮⥫᪨ 㭪樨  ⮣,  ⮡  ⠭  
⥬     짮⥫  ࠧ묨 ॡﬨ.
   ।,  짮⥫᪨ ᯥ᪨ -
祭 ४뢠 ⥬ 祭,  ਭ  㬮砭,
 ண  짮⥫.

      ࠭祭  室   ⥬,  ਭx  
     㬮砭

     設⢮ ࠬ஢,      ⠭ 
㬮砭 ⥬,  ।   ⥬  ᮧ  砫
.  砥 ᮡ 室  ⥬,    -
  ᯮ ஫.  ࠬ 室  ⥬ ।-
 ᮡ           ஢   ନ.   
짮⥫ 室  ⥬,    㪠   室 
⥬  ஫.  ஬ ⮣, 짮⥫   ࠭-
祭 ᫮ ⮪ 室  ⥬.    ⭮ -
樨 짮⥫  ନ  稪 ᯥ -
⮪ 室,         ⮣,      ⭠
ଠ  ନ 㤥 ஢.  ᫨  ᫮ -
襭, 짮⥫  ନ  ஢ ⨢ -

                                 - 10-17a -

 ⮪ 室  ⥬.   ।⢮ ।頥 ⪨
஭   ࠭祭 ᫠ ࠧ, ஥ ᠭ-
஢ 짮⥫  (    ணࠬ஢  -
ᠭ樮஢ 짮⥫)      ࢠ  
⥬.
       ࠬࠬ ࠭祭 室  ⥬  
ᮢ襭 ᫥騬 롮஬  ।  sysadmsh:
     ⭠ ଠ->  祭  ਭ   㬮砭->
     室  ⥬

                                  - 10-18 -

      ࠭ ⮡ࠧ ᫥ ଠ:
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                 Logins        |
|                                            (室  ⥬)  |
|                                                               |
|   Allowed consecutive failed  login  attempts  before         |
|   account is locked (襭 ᫥⥫쭮 -         |
|   ⢫塞 訡 ⪨ 室    ⥬           |
|   ஢ ⭮ ଠ樨)                              |
|  /tcb/files/auth                            03/23/89 10:57    |
|+-------------------Login restriction-------------------------+|
||            (࠭祭 室  ⥬)                    ||
||                                                             ||
||  Maximum number   of  unsuccessful  attempts  before        ||
||  locking ... (ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ⮪  -        ||
||  )                                                     ||
||                             ... user account :  [10]        ||
||                     (⭮ ଠ樨 짮⥫)       ||
||                             ... terminal     :  [10]        ||
||                             (ନ)                     ||
||                                                             ||
||Delay (in  seconds)  between login attempts on a terminal:[2]||
||(প  ᥪ㭤  ⪠ 室  ନ)      ||
|| CPU sheduling priority after successful login           :[0]||
||(ਮ ᯮ짮  ᫥ ᯥ譮 室   ||
|| ⥬)                                                    ||
|+-------------------------------------------------------------+|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
      ࠬ  ᫥饥 祭:
     Maximum number of unsuccessful attempts before locking
           砥 ᫮,  ਭ ⥬    㬮砭,
           㤠  ⮪  ࠧ襭    짮⥫ 
           ନ. ᫨  ⤥쭮 짮⥫  -
             ॡ        ࠭祭
           ᫮,    ⭠ ଠ 짮-
           ⥫    䨣 ନ (.  "ࠢ
           室  ⥬  ନ"),  ४⨥ -
            ਭ ⥬.

                                  - 10-18a -

    Delay (in  seconds)  between login attempts on a terminal
            ࠬ  ࠢ ஬⪮ ६, ஥
            室  㤠묨 ⪠  室  
           ⥬.   쭥襣 㬥襭  -
             ⥬,  ⥬   ६  -
           প  ⪠ 室  ⥬,  ⮡ 㢥-
            ஬⮪  ६,  ॡ㥬     ୮
           ⪨   ⥬.   㢥  -
           ࠬ  ⮣,  ⮡ ࠢ ६ 뤠 -
            login:.   ' ⮣ ࠬ 
           ࠬ஬ ᯥ ⮪ 짮⥫  ନ-
           ,    । ⪨ ୮ 
           ஫  ⭮ (  ᪮쪨) ନ
           .

                                  - 10-19 -

     CPU sheduling priority after successful login
            ࠬ ⠭ 祭 nice(C) 뢠-
             짮⥫᪨ ᠬ.

      ࠭祭  ஫, ਭ  㬮砭

     ࠬ ࠭祭  ஫ ⠭ 㯭 ᫥  ᫥-
饣 롮  । sysadmsh:
     ⭠ ଠ-> 祭  㬮砭-> ஫
     ⮡ࠧ ᫥騩 ࠭:
 +------------------------------------------------------+
 |                                              Password|
 |                                              (஫)|
 |Minimum number of days which  must  elapse  between   |
 |password  changes(쭮  ᫮ ,  ஥   |
 | ன  ﬨ ஫)               |
 |/tcd/files/auth                       03/23/89   10:57|
 |     +-----------Password selection-------------+     |
 |     |             (롮 ஫)               |     |
 |     |Minimum days between changes  :[14]       |     |
 |     |(쭮 ᫮   ﬨ)|     |
 |     |Expiration time               :[182     ] |     |
 |     |(६ ⢨)                          |     |
 |     |Lifetime                      :[364     ] |     |
 |     |(६ ⢮)                     |     |
 |     |Maximum password length       :[ 10]      |     |
 |     |(ᨬ쭠  ஫)               |     |
 |     |User can run generator        :[Yes]  No  |     |
 |     |(짮⥫  ᪠ )  |     |
 |     |User can choose own           :[Yes]  No  |     |
 |     |(짮⥫  롨 ᠬ)         |     |
 |     |Checked for obviousness       : Yes  [No] |     |
 |     |(஢ઠ  )                   |     |
 |     |Single user password required : Yes  [No] |     |
 |     |(ॡ ஫   짮⥫)|     |
 |     +------------------------------------------+     |
 +------------------------------------------------------+
     ,    ࠢ ᫮ ⮪,    

                                 - 10-19a -

⢫  ᠭ樮஢ 짮⥫ ⮡ 㣠 -
஫,  ࠢ ஫஢.  ஢ப ஫,
⢫塞  ⥬,  ࠢ  ᪮쪨 ࠬࠬ,
   ⠭  ࠭.   ࠬ ࠢ
६,   祭 ண  ஫,   楤 
 ஫    ⠭  ਬ.  ஫  
⢨    祭  ६ ⢨     ⠭
⢮.  騩 ஫    ⥬ 짮-
⥫,    ࠢ   ஫  ⭮ -
ଠ樨. ஫    稫  ६ ⢨.
६ ⢨   ⠭  䥩 -
  ⥬  ⤥쭮  짮⥫,  । ᫮
  ६  ᫥ .  ⠢訩 ⢮-
 ஫  稭 ஢ ⭮ ଠ樨 -
⥫.  쪮   ࠧ஢  -

                                  - 10-20 -

ଠ 짮⥫,   ⥬ ਭ  ⭠
ଠ  騬 ஫. ஫    -
  ⮣,  짮⥫ ᬮ   ⥬ ᭮.
      ⮣,  ⮡ ⣮ 짮⥫   -
,    﫨 ᢮ ⢨,  ⥬ ࠧ  
⭮  ⮣,  ⮡  ⮫쪮 ,  ⥬  ⠪
ᮤন  ࠬ  쭮 ६  ﬨ ஫.
짮⥫᪨ ஫      祭 ⮣
쭮 ६.   ࠬ   ⠪ ⠭
 ᥩ ⥬   ⤥쭮 짮⥫.
     騥 ࠬ । ࠭祭  ஫:
     Minimum days between changes
              ᫮ ,  짮⥫   -
               ﬨ ஫.
     Expiration time
              । ᫮ ,   祭    ஫
               ⢨.
     Lifetime
              । ࢠ    ᫥  
               ஫ ⠥ ⢮.
     Maximum password length
              ᨬ쭠  ஫.   ᨬ  -
              ⥬ - 80 ᨬ.
     User can run generator
               ࠬ ᯮ  ⮣,  ⮡ -
               짮⥫   ᪠    ஫.
               ⬥,     짮-
                 ஫,   ⮫쪮 ஢ 
              砩 ஫.
     User can choose own
               ࠬ ।   짮⥫ -
                  ᢮   ᮡ⢥   ஫      .
              "饭" ⥬ ॡ,  ⮡ ⥬  ᠬ
              ஢  ஫ ⮬᪨  짮-
              .   頥    짮⥫  
              "室騩" ஫,     ᢥ-
               ᠭ樮஢ 짮⥫   -
              ஢   ᮭ ଠ  짮-
              ⥫.  㣨  ⥬  UNIX,    
              짮⥫ 롨 ᢮ ஫.  ᫨  -
              ࠬ  祭 "",      -
              ⢮  ࠢ  ᮢ⨬    饭묨
              ⥬ UNIX,  짮⥫ 롨
              ᢮ ஫.  ᫨ 祭 ⮣ ࠬ "",

                                  - 10-21 -

               ⥬   ᠬ  ஢  ஫  
              짮⥫,  ᮮ⢥⢨  楤ன -
              樨 砩 ஫.
     Checked for obviousness
               ࠬ ।     ⥬  -
              ⢫ ஢ ਢ쭮 稢襣 -
              ஫.   ஢ઠ ࠭,  ஫  -
                    ⮬  ⠫,   
              㣮 ஢મ,  ᠭ  goodpw(ADM). -
               "" ⮣ ࠬ ࠭,   -
                ⥬,  ᭮  ॡ  ॠ-
                ᫮,    訡묨,      
               䥪⨢ ࠢ ।⢮ ࠭-
              ,  뢠  室  ⥬ 짮-
                ନ.   ஢ઠ ਢ쭮 㢥-
              稢         ६   室  
               ஫.   ࠬ, 騥 -
              樨  ஫,    ४ ࠬࠬ,
              㪠묨  짮⥫.
     Single user password required
               ࠬ ࠢ ⥬,  ॡ   ஫
               ॢ ⥬  -짮⥫᪨ ०
              (० প).
       ⭠ ଠ  ஢ ⥬,
⮫쪮 ᭮ 짮⥫     ࠧ-
஢ .   ⮬    ஫.    
४ 祭    ࠬ஢  ண 짮⥫
⠭  ࠬ஢  짮⥫,   㪠  "-
 짮⥫".

      ࠢ, ਭ  㬮砭

     樮 ⥬ ।  ⨯ ࠢ: ࠢ -
    ࠢ 㯠  ⥬. ࠢ 㯠  -
⥬ ।    짮⥫     믮
ᮮ⢥騥 ⨫.  ࠢ 㯠   ।  
ᮢ     ᠬ 믮  ⢨,
᫨   室 ࠢ.     짮-
⥫     ࠢ  㯠      ࠢ 㯠 
⥬.
       ࠬࠬ, ।騬 ࠢ 㯠, ⠭
㯭묨 ᫥ ᫥饣 롮  । sysadmsh:
     ⭠ ଠ-> 祭  㬮砭-> ࠢ
     ⮡ࠧ ᫥騩 ࠭:

                                  - 10-22 -

  +----------------------------------------------------------+
  |                                           Authorization  |
  |                                          (ࠢ 㯠) |
  |                                                          |
  |  Privileges enforced by the system                       |
  | (ਢ, ᯥ稢 ⥬)                    |
  |                                                          |
  |  /tcb/files/auth                         03/23/89 10:57  |
  |                                                          |
  |+---------------------Authorizations---------------------+|
  ||                    (ࠢ 㯠)                     ||
  ||                                                        ||
  || System default  authorizations (<F3> for list) (⥬-||
  ||  ࠢ 㯠,  ਭ  㬮砭, (<F3>-||
  || 祭 ᯨ᪠))                                     ||
  ||                                                        ||
  || Kernel:                        Subsystem:   [...      ]||
  ||( )+----------+         ( ⥬)          ||
  ||          |chmodsugid|                                  ||
  ||          |chown     |                                  ||
  ||          |execsuid  |                                  ||
  |+----------+nopromain +----------------------------------+|
  |           +----------+                                   |
  +----------------------------------------------------------+

     ᯮ  <F3>  祭 뢠饣 ,
஥ ᮤন  ᯨ᮪  ஢ ࠢ 㯠.   뢠
.

                                 - 10-22a -

                           10.2
                  ࠢ 㯠  ⥬
+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+
| ࠢ     | ⥬          |   襭 ⢨    |
+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+
|  mem      |  Memory             |     ⥬  - |
|           | ()            |  ଠ樨;  ᬮ  |
|           |                     |  ᮢ  ⥬      |
+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+
|  terminal |  Terminal           |  ࠭祭 ᯮ짮- |
|           | (ନ)          |   write(C)    |
+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+
|  lp       |  Line Printer       |  ࠢ ਭ஬     |
|           | ( ਭ)  |                           |
+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+
|  backup   |  Backups            |   १ࢭ  |
|           | (ᮧ १ࢭ |                           |
|           |  )             |                           |
+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+
|  auth     |  Account            |   : - |
|           |  ()             |    짮⥫, |
|           |                     |   ஫  .  |
+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+
|  audit    |  Audit              |   ஫:  |
|           | (஫)          |    ஫ ⥬ |
|           |                     |    ⮢      |
+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+
|  cron     |  Job Scheduling     |  ࠢ ᯮ짮- |
|           | (ࠢ         |   cron(C), at(C)  |
|           |  ﬨ)         |   batch(C)               |
|           |                     |                           |
|  sysadmin | System Integrity    |        ᪠ |
|           | (楫⭮        |  ணࠬ integrity(ADM) |
|           |  ⥬)           |                           |
+-----------+---------------------+---------------------------+

     ࠢ 㯠  ⥬ ।  ஫  -
஢,     짮⥫    ᪥
ᮮ⢥ ⨫.   짮⥫ ⥬    
ࠢ 㯠  ⥬.  ⨢ ࠢ ।⠢-
 ࠢ 㯠  ⥬   ᭮  ⢥⢥
 ;    ,      ।⠢ ࠢ
auth,   ਭ ।⠢ ࠢ lp.

                                  - 10-23 -

      ⥬   祭  㬮砭,  -
  㬮砭   ࠢ  ᪠    ।⠢  ᥬ
짮⥫,     ࠢ      ᯥ-
樠쭮 筮 ⭮ ଠ樨.   砥   2,  ࠢ
㯠   ⥬  ⥬   祭  㬮-
砭       짮⥫ ⠭
 ᭮  ⨢ ஫,  ᫨  ⠪  
⮣ 짮⥫.
     ࠢ 㯠   ⥬ sysadmin ࠢ 
᪠ ணࠬ integrity(ADM),   ஢  ࠧ襭
 ᬮ 䠩    ࠢ 䠩.  ( -
祭 襩 ଠ樨   㪮    ணࠬ
integrity(ADM)    "஢થ 楫⭮ ⥬"   "-
প ⥬ " ⮣ 㪮⢠).

                           10.3
                     ࠢ 㯠
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|   ࠢ       ⥬             ᠭ       |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|    queryspace           backup         ᯮ짮  |
|                                        df    訢|
|                                        ᪮ ࠭⢠|
|                                                              |
|    printerqueue         lp             ᬮ   |
|                                         ।,   ᯮ|
|                                         lpstat        |
|                                                              |
|    printerstat          lp             ᯮ짮  ,|
|                                        ⠭   -|
|                                        㯭/㯭|
|                                        ਭ              |
|                                                              |
|    su                   auth           ᯥ稢    |
|                                        짮⥫  ⭮|
|                                        ଠ樨  ਢ-|
|                                        ஢  짮-|
|                                        .  (ॡ ஫|
|                                        ਢ஢    |
|                                        짮⥫).        |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

                                  - 10-23a -

          ࠢ       ࠭稢   
짮⥫  ᠬ ⫨  㦥 ᢮ (ਬ,
  ࠢ  printqueue,  짮⥫  ᬮ ᬮ ⮫쪮
᢮ ,  ᯮ  lpstat).  ࠢ ᯥ稢
, ஥  ᮢ⨬  㣨 樮묨 -
⥬ UNIX.  ᫨ ⠭ 祭  㬮砭  "᫠-
" ,   ࠢ ᯥ稢  㬮砭. -
  ᯮ 祭  㬮砭 "᫠"    
   ⠭    ࠢ   짮⥫,  
 ८। 祭, ਭ  㬮砭.

________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
     ᫨ ᭮ ࠢ       ⥬  ⠭,
⠪ ⠭  ࠢ  ⮩ ⥬. (-
ਬ, ࠢ      lp  ⨢  ࠢ  printqueue  
printerstat).
________________________________________________________________

                                  - 10-24 -

     ਢ஢ 짮⥫    ᮮ⢥-
     騬 ࠢ 㯠

     設⢮ 稩,  ଠ쭮 믮塞 ਢ-
 짮⥫   饭 ⥬, ࠧ襭  -
饭 ⥬,    諠  ࠭.  , 
㭪樨 ॡ ਧ樨 ᭮ 짮⥫.  室-
 ,    ⠭ ࠢ.  祭 ࠢ su
 ⨢ 짮⥫  ਢ஢
 ଠ su(C).
     ࠢ ਢ஢ 짮⥫ ॡ   믮-
 ᫥ :
     1. ⠭ ணࠬ ᯥ祭
     2.  ᪠  ࠧ  প 䠩 ⥬
     3. १, ⠭ 䠩  ⠭ 㯠  
        䠩
     4. ⠭ ⥬
     5. ࠢ ࠢ⥩

     ࠢ    

     ࠢ     । ⢨ﬨ,  -
⥫ ⢫  믮  ᯥ樠쭮  㦨
樮 ⥬.  ਬ,   ᮡ⢥-
 䠩 ࠢ ࠢ chown.  ࠢ 㯠     
㬮砭 ਬ ⮫쪮 ⮣,    㪠 ࠢ -
㯠    짮⥫.  ⮬ 짮⥫,  -
室  訥 ࠢ,    ᯥ樠   
    ,  ।騥   ࠢ,  ⮣  
 짮⥫     ࠢ  㬮砭, -
ঠ騩  ⥬   祭  㬮砭.

                                  - 10-24a -

                           10.4
                     ࠢ    
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
|   ࠢ                             ⢨                   |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+
|  configaudit     |   䨣 ࠬ஢ ⥬ -|
|                  |                                           |
|  writeaudit      |    ⮢  ஫    ஫|
|                  |   ᫥                                      |
|  execsuid        |    ᪠ ணࠬ SUID         |
|  chmodsugid      |    ⠭  SUID  SGID|
|                  |    䠩                                   |
|  chown           |     ᮡ⢥ ꥪ   |
|  suspendaudit    |   ਮ⠭ ஫     樮|
|                  |   ⥬  ᮬ                      |
|  nopromain       |     ⢥ 짮⥫   -|
|                  |    ⠫                          |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------+

     ࠭祭, ᯥ稢  ⨬ ࠢ,   -
묨;  䨣  㬮砭   㭪樮஢
 ஢  2. ࠬ ஫ ਬ ⮫쪮 
権 ஫     祭   짮⥫;

                                  - 10-25 -

 ࠬ  ᠭ    "ᯮ짮  ⥬ ஫" 
 "প ⥬ " ⮣ 㪮⢠.
     ࠢ 1execsuid,   chmodsugid3  0  1chown3 ᠭ  ࠧ
"祭 ࠢ 㯠  "  "᪫⥫ 樨  3-
⥬ "   "প ⥬ " ⮣ 㪮-
⢠.

     ࠢ 㯠    ⨢ 짮⥫

        ᯥ᪨ ࠢ 㯠    -
   ࠢ  㯠  ⥬.   設⢮  
㦥 祭  㬮砭,  ᫥  ⠡ 10.5, ᫨
    祭  㬮砭.  ᪫祭 -
 ⥬ ஫,   ॡ ⥫ ࠢ
configaudit   suspendaudit.   ࠢ    -
  㬮砭    짮⥫. 㣨 ᪫-
祭  ࠢ sysadmin,  ஥ ॡ ࠢ 㯠 
 chmodsugid,    ணࠬ integrity(ADM) 
⢥ ᭮ 짮⥫.

                           10.5
      ⢥⢨ ࠢ    ⥬   
   +--------------------------------------------------------+
   |  ࠢ              ॡ㥬 ࠢ        |
   |                                            |
   |  ⥬                                           |
   +--------------------------------------------------------+
   |   audit             configaudit,suspendaudit,execsuid  |
   |   auth              chown,execsuid                     |
   |   backup            execsuid                           |
   |   lp                chown                              |
   |   cron              execsuid,chown,chmodsugid          |
   |   sysadmin          execsuid,chmodsugid,chown          |
   +--------------------------------------------------------+

                                  - 10-26 -
________________________________________________________________

     ࠢ 室  ⥬  ନ

       ࠢ ନ ᮤন ࠬ  -
⥬ ନ.     ।⠢  -
 ࠢ ⢮ ᯥ ⮪  室  
⥬   ஢ ନ.   ⠪ ᮤন ଠ
 ⥫쭮  室  ⥬    ନ.  
 ⠭ ନ  ਭ,  ଠ ⮬-
᪨ 뢠    ࠢ ନ. ,
       ⮣,  ⮡ ⠭ 
   ᯮ짮   楤    㤥  
⨬ .
     롮 ନ   "⭠ ଠ"  ।  
᫥饥 :
     Examine   ᬮ/䨪  ⮢ 
  (ᬮ)    ନ
     Create        ନ
  (ᮧ)
     Delete      騩  
  (㤠)    ନ
     Lock      ஢ ⤥ 
  (஢)
     Unlock    ஢ ⤥ 
  (ࠧ஢)
     Assign    ࠢ    
  (祭)  ன
     ᭮     ࠢ ନ -
᪨ ᮧ  tty ன⢠    ⥬.
롮,    ᥣ ᯮ -  ᬮ, -
஢, ࠧ஢.  㬮砭 ⥬ ࠢ  -
ࠧ ⠬ .
     ⠫ 㭪:  ,  , 祭 
ᯥ樠묨,  ᯮ,    ⥬  -
 ணࠬ  孨᪮ ᯥ祭,    ॡ -
 ன 䨣樨.

     ᬮ   ନ

        ⠭ 祭  ନ 롥-
:
     ⭠ ଠ-> ନ-> ᬮ
      ࠭ ⮡ࠧ ᫥ ଠ:

                                  - 10-27 -

+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                      Examine        |
|                                                    (ᬮ)       |
|    Enter the name of terminal device in /dev                        |
|   (  ନ쭮 ன⢠  /dev)                     |
|    /tcb/files/auth                           03/23/89  10:57        |
|+------------------Terminal Database Entry--------------------------+|
||               (   ନ)                     ||
||                                                                   ||
||   Terminal device: [        ]   Locked? (Y/N)  : n                ||
||  (ନ쭮 ன⢮)     (஢ (/))           ||
||   Last login        : User:                                       ||
||  (᫥ 室     (짮⥫)                               ||
||    ⥬)          Time:                                       ||
||                      (६)                                      ||
||   Last logout       : User:                                       ||
||  (᫥ 室    (짮⥫)                               ||
||    ⥬)         Time:                                       ||
||                      (६)                                      ||
||   Last filed login  : User:                                       ||
||  (᫥          (짮⥫)                               ||
||   訡           Time:                                       ||
||   室  ⥬)    (६)                                      ||
||Current consecutive failed logins:     Exceeded? (Y/N)  :n         ||
||(饥 ⢮ ᫥⥫  (ॢ襭 (/))         ||
||訡  室)                                                 ||
||Consecutive failed logins allowed:[Specify]Default of [ ]Value :[ ]||
||(⢮            (㪠)( 㬮砭)(祭)||
||᫥⥫  訡                                        ||
||室  ⥬)                                                  ||
||Delay between logins attempts    :[Specify]Default of [ ]Value :[ ]||
||(প  ⪠         (㪠)( 㬮砭)(祭)||
||室  ⥬ )                                                  ||
|+-------------------------------------------------------------------+|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
      ࠭ ।⠢   ᬮ  ⥪-
騩  ନ.    ᬮ 室 -
  ନ, ஥  ⮬ ⠫   -
    ନ       ⠫    /dev.   祭   "INFINITE
(।)"  "⢠    ᫥⥫
訡 室  ⥬" ਢ  ⮬,   ⨯ ஢
 ⮣ ନ ⠭ 㯭 (ਬ ॢ-
).  ࠢ ନ 易   -
祭 ன,  ᠭ   ⮩ .

                                  - 10-27a -

________________________________________________________________
ਬ砭
     ਢ஢ 짮⥫    ⬥  ஢
ନ  ⥬ ᮫.   ᤥ  ⮣, ⮡ -
  ஢  짮⥫.   㯥 ᯥ-
樠 室  ⥬,    䨧᪨  ⥬
᮫.
________________________________________________________________

     ८। ࠭祭 ᫠ ⮪ 室  ⥬

     ᫨ ࠭祭 室  ⥬  ନ  㤮⢮-
⥫   祭  ᫠,  ᯮ   롮      ।
sysadmsh,  ।  ࠭祭:
     ⭠ ଠ-> ନ-> ᬮ

                                  - 10-28 -

      ।饬 ࠧ 뢠 ଠ,  㤥 ⮡-
ࠦ  ࠭.    祭 "⢮ -
 ᫥⥫  ࠢ 室  ⥬"  "প
 ⪠ 室  ⥬".

     ஢/ࠧ஢ ନ

      ⮣,  ⮡ ஢  ࠧ஢ ᯮ
ᮮ⢥⢥ 롮  । sysadmsh:
     ⭠ ଠ-> ନ-> ஢
     ⭠ ଠ-> ନ-> ஢
         ନ,    , -
ਬ, tty01.  ନ ஢,   ࠭  ६
⪨ 室  ⥬  ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:

     Terminal is disabled -- see Authentication Administrator
     (ନ 㯥 -- ᬮ ࠧ 
       䨪樨)

     ⠭   ⮢ ன

      ⢮    祭  ன - ᮤঠ
  ନ ன⢠,   䨧᪨    
,   饭       ࠧ  ⥩ ( 
⠭ 裡,    ன⢠  ᯮ짮-
    ᯮ짮   .).   ࠭,  
᫥ 室  ⥬  ஢ ନ  -
 ࠢ쭮,   ᨬ  ⮣,    
⥬ 頥  .
       ਬ஢  ,  -  -
㯭 "tty1a",   ⥬ 㯭 "tty1A".     
祭 ன ᮤন   ன,  -
稪 ᯥ 室  ⥬,ਬ,  㤥 ন.
  㣮 ஭,  ⥬ 믮  ⢨ ⮬᪨
 ன,    ᯮ   㬮砭.  
ᯥ樠  㧫  ன  ᮧ   䨧᪨
ன  ணࠬ ᯥ祭     祭  
䨣   .     ,  ⮫쪮
᫨  㬥樨  ४,    
ᤥ,     .

                                  - 10-29 -
________________________________________________________________
      ⮢  ⥫쭮 ⥬

      ⮢        ᯥ⮢
⢨ ⥬:
   ஫               ᠬ ஫  ⭮  -
                      樨
   ନ             ନ  㯥
   室  ⥬      室   ⥬  짮⥫,
                      㯯 짮⥫  ନ
     롮 ⮢  ஢ ࠧ .  -
 ᯮ짮   楫  (ਬ,  ᬮ -
ࠬ஢    饭 ஫  ࠢ ନ-
).         뢠 ᯮ짮 ⥬ 
ਨ,    ᯮ짮  ன   ४䨣-
樨 ⥬.
       ⮢, ᫥ ⮢   㤥 -
 㤠  ࠢ  室 ଠ  ࠭,  ਭ  
䠩.
       ⠭ 䨫  室 ଠ ।-
⢮ ᯮ짮 ⥬ ணࠬ ⮢ ࠭.  ண-
ࠬ more ⠭  㬮砭.   뢮  ਭ,
  㪠  ன⢠ ; ᫨   㪠 ,
⥬ 㤥  ᯮ짮  뢮    ன⢮,  ਭ⮥ 
㬮砭. ᫨  ७ࠢ 室  䠩,    㪠-
   .   ࠢ  ⥣   롥-
,  㤥 襭 㤠   ࠢ ଠ: 
࠭, ਭ   䠩.

        ஫

      롮  ࢮ  ⨯ ,  訢  
஫,    ⭮ ଠ樨    ࠬࠬ
஫, ⠭   ⭮ ଠ樨.    
      饭  ஫.  
஫ ᢥ頥  ᫥騬 ⥣:
     Impending              ப  ⢨  ஫  
    (஫,     ⭮ ଠ樨
     砥 ப
     ⢨)
     Expired               ⭮ ଠ樨   ஫-
    (஫,     ,   稫 ப ⢨
     稫 ப
     ⢨)

                                  - 10-30 -

     Dead                  ⭮ ଠ樨    -
    (⠢訩         ⠢訬 ⢮ ஫ﬨ
     ⢮
     ஫)
     User                   짮⥫
    (஫
     짮⥫)
     Group                  㯯 짮⥫
    (஫ 㯯)
     Full                ᮪  ⮢   -
    ()             .
      Impending  ᮧ      ⭮   ଠ樨,
 ,  ᪮ 㤥  ஫  訢訬 -
 ⢨.        ଠ,  
ன   ஫  㦥 ௠ ப ⢨  ப ⢨
஫ 砥  祭 .  ஧ 襭 ப
⢨   ᠬ  ᥡ 訡,    
 । 짮⥫,   ᫥  -
  ⮣,  ⮡  ஫.    ஢ ॢ
 ᭮ 祭 ଠ樨  ⥬  楫    -
 짮⥫  ⤥쭮  ⭮襭 ਮ ⢨ -
஫.
      Expired  ᮧ   ⭮ ଠ樨  -
ﬨ,     祭  ப  ⢨.         
஫,४⨢訥 ᢮ ⢮.  ⠪ ⭮ -
樨 ॡ  ⢨     ⮣  
 ᬮ   ᯮ짮;   ⢨  
 ஫.
      Dead     ⭮ ଠ樨  -
ﬨ ப ⢮  稫,   ਢ  ⮬,
 ⠪ ⭠ ଠ ⠭ ਣ  쭥-
襣 室  ⥬.
      User     짮⥫, -
   㪠.      室    ⥬  ⮣
짮⥫  ⮣, ⮡ ⨢஢   .
      Group    ⤥쭮 㪠 㯯.
  砥  짮⥫, 室  ⮩ -
 (    Group Membership ࠭ প  -
 ଠ樨 짮⥫).
      祭,   Full   ⨪    
짮⥫ ⥬.

                                  - 10-30a -

       ᫥ ॢ:
     Dflt       㬮砭

     Y,N,D     , ,  㬮砭.  롮  

                    祭: , ,  㬮砭 -
                  㥬 ⥬,     ࠭.

     ਬ : Group

     騩 ਬ  ⮬ ⥫쭮 㯯  -
஫ "hamster".  ॢ   "ࠬ ஫"  ᮮ-
 ࠬࠬ ஫, ਭ ⥬  㬮砭.

                                  - 10-31 -

                    Password Database Report
                   (    p)
                          System UNIX
                         (⥬ UNIX)
                    Wed Mar 22 10:56:29 1989

                      Password Parameters
                     (pp p)
 [1] User Name  Type     Min  Exp Life Rnd? Pck? Rst? Lck?
    ( 짮 (⨯)
     ⥫)
     ____ ____  ____     ___  ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
        Last Changes                Last Logins       Consec
       (᫥ )     (᫥ 室    (᫮
                                      ⥬)        ⮪)
 [2] Succes       Failed      Succes       Failed    #Failed
    (ᯥ.)    (訡.)     (ᯥ.)    (訡.)   (訡.)
     ______       ______      ______       ______    _______
 [3] Kernel Authorizations
    (p 㯠  p)
     ______ ______________
 [1] alvin      general  Dflt Dflt Dflt D    D    D     Y
 [2] 03/22/89     NEVER       03/22/89     NEVER      -
 [3] DEFAULT
 [1] simon      general  Dflt Dflt Dflt D    D    D     N
 [2] 03/22/89     NEVER       03/22/89     NEVER      -
 [3] DEFAULT
 [1] theodore   general  Dflt Dflt Dflt D    D    D     N
 [2] 03/22/89     NEVER       03/22/89     03/22/89    -

      ⮢  ࠡ ନ

     ᫨  롥  Terminal    ⭮ ଠ樨,
   ⨪    ࠢ ନ-
.   ᮤন ᫮ ஢, ᯥ ⪨
室   ⥬    ନ  প  ⪠ 室.
 樨 ⮢  ஫,      
  ନ, ᪮ 㯯 ନ   
ନ.

                                  - 10-31a -

       롨ࠥ 짮⥫  㯯,   砥
 ᫥ ᯥ  室 ⠪  ᫥ ᯥ.
⢮ ᯥ ⮪ ⠪ 砥  .   
᫮, ।饥 ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ⮪ 室    ⥬
 ⭮ ଠ樨,    㪠 稭 
஡. 設⢮ ⭮ ଠ樨  뢠 -
襥 ᫮ ⮪ 室.
       롨ࠥ    ନ,   ᮤ-
 ᫥  ᯥ  ᫥ ᯥ 室  ⥬, 
⠪ 室  ⥬  ନ.  ᫮ ᯥ ⮪  
⮣ ନ ⠪ 砥  .  ⨯ ⮢ 
ᯥ   ଠ樥  ᯮ짮 ⥬.
      ਢ ਬ   ନ:

                                  - 10-32 -

                    Terminal Database Report
               (    p)
                          System UNIX
                         (⥬ UNIX)
                    Wed Mar 22 10:58:42 1989

                Admin Login  Unsucc  Max Unsuc
                . 室  .  max .
     Tty  Name Lck?  Delay Attempts Attempts
      tty   .   p. .  .
     ___  ____ ____  _____ ________ ________
     console   D     Dflt  2        Dflt
     tty02     D     Dflt  None     Dflt
     tty03     D     Dflt  None     Dflt
     tty04     D     Dflt  None     Dflt
     tty05     D     Dflt  1        Dflt
     tty06     D     Dflt  None     Dflt
     tty07     D     Dflt  None     Dflt
     tty08     D     Dflt  None     Dflt
     tty09     D     Dflt  None     Dflt
     tty10     D     Dflt  None     Dflt
     tty11     D     Dflt  None     Dflt
     tty12     D     Dflt  None     Dflt

      ⮢  室  ⥬

       室  ⥬   ᣥ஢  ६
⥣:  짮⥫, 㯯  ନ.
      ਢ  ⨭   室  ⥬  -
:

                                  - 10-32a -

                     Login Activity Report
                  (  室  ⥬)
                          System UNIX
                         (⥬ UNIX)
                    Wed Mar 22 14:43:53 1989

            Last Good Login    Last Bad Login     Last Logout
            (᫥ .   (᫥ .    (᫥
                 室)              室)             室)
 Tty Name User Name Date     User Name Date     User Name Date     #Failed
( tty)( -()  ( -()  ( -()   (訡.)
          ⥫)           ⥫)           ⥫)
 ___ ____ ____ ____ ____     ____ ____ ____     ____ ____ ____     _______
 console  alvin     03/22/89 UNKNOWN   03/22/89 alvin     03/22/89 2
 tty02    root      03/21/89 root      03/21/89 root      03/19/89 0
 tty03    maryt     03/21/89 UNKNOWN   03/21/89 root      03/19/89 0
 tty04    root      03/19/89 root      03/13/89 root      03/19/89 0
 tty05    UNKNOWN   NEVER    root      03/13/89 UNKNOWN   NEVER    1
 tty06    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    0
 tty07    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    0
 tty08    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    0
 tty09    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    0
 tty10    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    0
 tty11    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    0
 tty12    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    UNKNOWN   NEVER    0
                         11

          H HH    UUCP

                                                 11-1
    ⠪ UUCP                                        11-1
    짮 騬 p㪮⢮               11-2
     㦭                                         11-2
    UUCP                                          11-3
   ⠫ UUCP                                         11-5
    pp UUCP                                11-6
    p⠥ UUCP                                     11-6
   pp p樨 UUCP                                11-7
HH  H     H   11-10
   롮p ᫥⥫쭮 p                         11-10
   祭 ᫥⥫쭮                   11-11
H HH  UUCP              11-13
   롮p ᫥⥫쭮 p                         11-13
   ⠭  맮                             11-14
   祭                                     11-15
   祭  䨣p HAYES 2400
      ᮢ⨬                          11-16
     p ᪮p p          11-18
   p                                    11-18
H UUCP                              11-20
   Hp p 䠩   uuinstall      11-20
   ⠭    䠩 /etc/systemid        11-23
   롮p  ᠭ p UUCP                           11-24
   p   pp樨 
       p  맮                  11-26
    ᥩ  㤠 ⮢  䠩     11-27
   p祭 㯠 p 䠩 Permissions            11-33
     䠩 Devices ᥩ  p⢠      11-42
   ᯮ짮  p  祭 
     뫪  맮                             11-48
H  H UUCP                         11-49
    p p  䠩 Dialers          11-49
   p Dialcodes  p 쭮
     䠩 Systems                                       11-51
   p 䠩 Devconfig                            11-53
   p p⨢ p 䠩
     p Sysfiles                                      11-53
    pp  uucico                    11-54
     室  ⥬ ⭮        11-55
    ⮢ Micnet   UUCP                   11-55
.
                            - 11-ii -

HH   UUCP                     11-57
   p 裡  p㣨 ⥬                11-57
   ⮬⨧p 㦨                       11-59
   祭 ⮢  pp樨 p ᯮ짮
     UUCP:uulog                                          11-60
   ⠫ 饣 짮 UUCP                       11-62
 HH                                     11-65
   pp pᯮᮡ ⮬᪮
     p p⢠/                         11-65
   pp 䠩 Systems                                11-65
   ⫠筠 p                                   11-66
   pp  p樨                           11-66
H   HH              11-68
   p ⠫  ⢨              11-68
   饭 ᮢ p⪨                           11-68
   業 ⥯ p ⠫                    11-68
H  UUCP                                      11-70
   pp 1: ⥬ gomer                               11-70
   pp 1: ⥬ dingbat                             11-73
   pp                                         11-75
H   UUCP                                11-76
   饭  訡 ⨯ ASSERT                      11-76
   饭  訡 UUCP ⨯ STATUS                 11-78
.
                            - 11-1 -

     

     饩  ,        UUCP
p    襣 p ⥬ 㤠   -
짮  ⥫䮭   .
    p ⮣,    pאַ ᫥⥫쭮    UUCP
  䨧᪨  ᮥ  pp  ⥬ UNIX/XENIX
(pp,   ⥬,  p  pp p-
  饩 쭮 ,   micnet).  p
⮣,  ⥬ UUCP  p⠢  ᮡ  p᪮  p襭
p    ⥩  Micnet,  p   ᮥ -
쭮 pﭨ  ᮪ ⮨ .  (.  
  "p  쭮      Micnet" 饣
p㪮⢠.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭

    UUCP   pp 樨 p. ᫨  -
 ᯮ짮   㯠  p㣮 p   
pp樨  (logon),    室    p
"⥫ p, p  "  ᫥ p-
    室  p樮   맮  .
᫨  ᮡp p ⥭ᨢ  䠩 
⥬  UNIX    XENIX,    室 p ᮥ
UUCP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      ⠪ UUCP

     UUCP  ᮥ ⥬ UNIX/XENIX,  -
 㤠 .  pp UUCP pp뢠  "-
p    UNIX    UNIX".    UUCP  ⮨   p㯯
pp, ᯥ稢 ᫥騥 㭪樨:
     - 㤠 p 䠩 (uucp);
     - 㤠 믮  (uux);
     - ⮢   㤠묨 ⠬ (  mail).
    p塞  p p   ⥫䮭묨  ﬨ,  UUCP
  ᯮ짮    ᮥ  p⭮   
   p浪,   室  ,  pp
p㣨 設 p ⠪ 맮.

                            - 11-2 -

     p   ,   p   (  "")
pᮢ  ᫥饣  믮,    ⥬
㤥 ⠭ p ⠪, UUCP ᯮ  -
⮤. ᫨ 믮  UUCP, 室 p稥 䠩 
䠩    p   /usr/spool/uucp.  pp uucico
pᬠp  ⠫  ᪠ p権  p
⠪ p 䠩  믮 . Hᬮp    
 믮 p ,   設⢥ ⥬ 믮 -
  p㣨  ⥬    ᮮ⢥⢨   p
(p 筮,   ᭨ p  ,  p
p).

      짮 騬 p㪮⢮

    H饥 p㪮⢮  뢠    p뢠 ⥬
UUCP  墠뢠  ⮢ pp  p,  ⠪  
p pp p.  p ⮣,   p,
饭 pᠬ p p  㦨  -
 p⥩.
    H p᫥ 㭪,  p 室 믮  p
p 襩  UUCP:
    1. ᮥ    䨣p    p
設.
    2.   uuinstall  p  pp  ᯥ祭
UUCP.
    3. p       ⮢,  p
 p  襩 ⥬.
    4. pp     㤠 ⮢.
    H   祩 p p UUCP  p-
p p p 䠩, ᯮ㥬  ⢥
   UUCP.   ᫥ p 뢠 祭
 䠩,    p "Hp UUCP  襩 ⥬" -
뢠  ᮤp    䠩.  ⨫ uuinstall p-
p  䠩   祭   . p
⮣,   uuinstall  pp p⢠ ᪠.  
襣   祭      UUCP,  ⥫쭮
p⠩  p  "Hp  UUCP  襩 ⥬",   ⮬
p㯠  p  uuinstall.

       㦭

     祭  襬 p ⥬ 裡    pאַ
設  室 :
    -  p p,   ᫥⥫ 設 RS-232  (
᫥⥫ p)  p  UUCP;

                           - 11-3 -

    -   UUCP   MAIL,  祭  襩 p⨢
⥬ UNIX   p楤p custom(ADM).
    ᫨   ᮡp ᯮ짮  p  室 
 p樮  (dial-in)  /  p뫪  
  (dial-out) p ,  ⠪ p:
    - .  ,  騬  p     
Hayes,  Penril,  Ventel, Vadic, Rixon, AT&T  Telrbit.  -
p p㣨     ᯮ짮    Dialer
 pp p p⢠.  ( p pp
樨).  p樨     Hayes  Smartmodem
1200  2400  ᮢ⨬    .
    - ⠭p p ⥫䮭   室    ⥫-
䮭 ⥬.
    -   ᮥ ᫥⥫쭮 p   .

      UUCP

    pp UUCP    ⥣p:  pp 짮-
⥫    p⨢  pp.   ᫥ p
p ᠭ pp  ⥣p.

pp 짮⥫

    pp 짮⥫  ᭮ p   室
  ⠫  /usr/bin.   ࠡ  ⨬ pp 
ᯥ樠쭮 pp襭  p.     뢠-
  p "  p㣨 ⠬" 㪮⢠ 짮-
⥫.

cu        p  㤠 ⠪ p, 
           室    ⥬ p   
        .     p 䠩   믮-
              p,   pp뢠
        砫 .
ct        p  㤠 p ⠪ -
        p,  짮⥫ 㤠  p  砥
         室  ⥬.  짮⥫ 㤠
        p    뢠  p    ⠭
        p,  ⮡    p 뢠 .  ᫥
        ⮣ p pp뢠  砫      ⮣,
        ⮡   p  㯭 p p
        맮.

                           - 11-4 -

uucp    p 䠩   p  p㣮 . p
        p稥 䠩  䠩 ,  ⠢   p
         p  뢠    uucico,  ⠭騩
        ⠪  㤠 p.
uuto    p 䠩   p   p ⠫
        饣 짮    ⠫  p㣮  p,
        饣   /usr/spool/uucppublic/receive.   ⫨稥
         uucp,    ஢ 䠩     
        㯭 ⠫ 㤠 p,  uuto 頥
        䠩  ᮮ⢥騩 p ⠫  ᮮ頥 㤠-
          짮⥫  室  롮p  -
         uupick.
uupick  p 롮p 䠩, 饭  p ⠫
     /usr/spool/uucppublic/receive  । 䠩  -

         uuto.
uux     p p稥 䠩, 䠩   믮塞 䠩,
        p㥬     믮           㤠
        p.   p 䠩 ᮤp   p-
        ,     p 䠩, p㥬 p 믮
     uucp  uuto.  믮塞 䠩 ᮤp ᫥⥫-

         , p 室 믮  㤠
        p  ᯨ᮪ 䠩 .   -
         䠩, 室  믮 .
uustat  뢮 ﭨ p p (uucp, uuto
         uux).  ஬ ⮣,      ।⢮  ࠢ
        p p 䠩.

     p⨢ pp

    設⢮ p⨢ pp, p 䠩 
業p 室  ⠫ /usr/lib/uucp.  ᪫祭-
    pp uuinstall  uulog,   室 
⠫ /usr/etc  /usr/bin, ᮮ⢥⢥.   -
뢠  p (ADM) 饣 p㪮⢠.

uulog   뢮 ᮤp 㪠뢠 䠩 pp樨 -
        p.  pp樨 p   㤠-
          p,   p 뢠  p.
         pp樨 ᮤp      p
     uucp, uuto  uux.

unclean 頥 p ⠫. 筮   㭪 믮-
           業p    pp,  饣  
     uudemon.clean,     ந ⠪ p,

          㤥 뢠   cron.

                           - 11-5 -

uutry   p  p⪨ 맮   p⠢
        p  ⫠.  뢠    uucico
         ⠭ 裡.
uucheck pp 稥 ᭮  ⥢  ⠫, pp
         䠩 p.  p ⮣, pp  ᨭ⠪
        ᮤp 䠩 Permissions, Systems  Devices.
uuinstall  業p p   p  䠩  UUCP  
        prts. p ⮣,  ᯮ짮  pp-
          p  䠩  UUCP  pᨨ 2  p Honey
        DanBer.

      UUCP

      p ⠫,⭮  UUCP:
/usr/spool/uucp
        稩 ⠫ UUCP.  p  p稥  䠩,  䠩
        pp樨      p    ᥬ ⮪ ,
        p  .
/usr/spool/uucppublic
        p ⠫ 饣 짮  㯮  -
            楫  p   㯮  ⥭ 
         ⠫,  ᯮ㥬 p 設⢥  p権
        p 䠩.
/usr/lib/uucp
         ⮬  ⠫ p 設⢮ pp UUCP,  
        ⠪ p騥 䠩  䠩 p   .
        ᭮  pp  짮⥫,   uux  uucp,
        室  ⠫ /usr/bin.
    p ⮣,  /usr/lib/uucp ᮤন 䠩 䨣樨  
UUCP (砥 , 稭騬  p 㪢).
Systems
    p p,  室  ⠭ 裡  
㤠  p,   ᮥ⥫쭮 p⢠,
ᮮ⢥饣 㤠  p,    ⢫
  ⮬ p, ⥫䮭 p, 室 ᫥-
⥫쭮  p.
Permissions
    p p 㯠, p⠢塞 p p
⪥  p 䠩  믮   襬 -
p.
Devices
    p p,  ⭮   p, ᪮p 
⨯ p⢠ ⮬᪮ 맮 (), p 設 
⥢ p⢠.

                           - 11-6 -

      pp UUCP

    ⮪ ᮮ饭  uucp   p p  
㯥pp묨 pp,  p p  䮭 p,
p뢠  p    p 䠩  믮 .
(  ⠪ 믮 ⥬ p筮 ᪠,   -
.)
uucico  롨p p⢮, ᯮ㥬  裡, ⠭-
           㤠 p, 믮 p㥬
        ᫥⥫쭮 p楤p pp樨  pp -
        稩,  p 䠩     믮塞  䠩,
        ppp  p    (᫨ p) 頥
        짮⥫  ஭   p襭  p-
        .  ᫨      uucico  뢠 㤠
        p,  p ᥠ 裡  "pp" 
         㤠 p.
uuxqt   p 믮 pp  㤠 p.
        pᬠp p ⠫  楫  믮-
        塞 䠩 (X.file),  ᫠  㤠 -
        p. ᫨ 䠩 X.file p㦨, uuqxt p뢠
          祭 ᯨ᪠ 䠩 , 室 p
         믮.  ᫥ ⮣   pp  稥  
        㯭 p㥬 䠩 .  p ⮣, uuqxt
        pp 稥 稩    믮  ⮩  
         .
uusched p ⠢  p p  p -
        . p 祬   uucico,  uusched  -
         p p冷,   p  -
         㤠 p.

      p⠥ UUCP

    ᫨    UUCP,  pp  p  p稩
䠩 ,   p, 䠩   p㥬 p. -
稩 䠩 ᮤp p,  室 p  p  䠩
( 䠩).    p  㪠 -
室 䠩.  ᫥ ⮣   䠩  p  -
p ⠫, 稭 p  uucico.
     uucico  ⠥ ᮥ  㤠 p,
p   䠩 ( 䠩).   ᭠砫  ᮡp
,  p㥬    ⠭  裡  㤠 -
p, 롨p   䠩 Systems.  ᭮,  uucoco -
,   ⨯ p⢠ ᯮ짮 p ⠭ 裡.

                           - 11-7 -

    ⥬ uucico pᬠp 䠩 Devices   ᪠  p-
,  ⢥  p,  p᫥   䠩 Systems.
᫥ ⮣  uucico p㦨 室饥 p⢮,  -
 ⠭     ⥬  㤠 p.
     uucico  室  ⥬  㤠 p,  
᪠  uucico  㤠 p. ⥬  -
 uucico p  p⮪,  pᬮp p p
䠩.  ᫥ ⮣   uucico p 䠩  (
䠩),  p  뫠  㤠 p.  
 uucico 頥  䠩  㪠    㤠
p. ᫥ ⮣   p p蠥 p-
,  㤠 p  뫠 䠩,  ⠢  
p    襣  쭮  p.     䠩
Permissions  㤠 p  ⠭ p
(  p)   p  䠩.  ( ⠪ p
pp襭    ⠫.) ᫨    믮,  
믮  p   訬  p 
⠭ 㤠 p.
    ᫨ 㤠 p  p⢮, p  -
⢫ 裡  㤠 p, 㯭, p 
p 頥  p p ⠫. p p
 p  cron   ( 㬮砭) uudemon.hour  -
   uusched.  ᫨ ᪠  uusched,   p-
p砥 p ⠫  ᪠ ⠢ p 䠩,
pp  砩  p冷  p⪨  pᮢ  ⥬
᪠ p p  (uucico),  ᠭ    p饬
p.

     pp p樨 UUCP

     H  pp 믮  uucp:
    1. H 짮⥫ ⥬, 뢠 "kilgore", 
᫠   䠩 "minutes.01.10"  㤠 ⥬  -
 "obie".  믮 ⮩ p樨 짮⥫ 
᫥ :

     uucp minutes.01.01 obie\!usr/spool/uucppublic

    ⨬,  p ᯮ짮 csh ᪫⥫  -
室  뤥 p騬   (  p  
 "\");  pp   p (sh)   p.
    2.  ⠫ /usr/spool/uucp/obie p  p稩 䠩
C.obienxxxx,  xxxx - p .
    3.   uusched p p  믮  
uucico.

                           - 11-8 -

    4.    㯠   p   믮,  uucico  ᭠砫
pp 䠩 Systems  ⢥p,   "obie" pᯮ
 ⥬   맮  騩  pp襭.
    5. ᯮ p 䠩 Systems, uucico  p-
⢮, ᯮ㥬  ⢥ ,  ᮮ⢥騥  p
tty ,  㪠  䠩 Devices.
    6.    ⥫䮭 p  䠩 Systems  ⨯ -
  䠩 Devices uucico   , ᮮ⢥饩
⮬  ,  㪠  䠩 Dialers ( ⥬ 믮
pp   室      p樮           ⠫
/usr/lib/iicp) ᮥ  㤠 ⥬.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      p騥 䠩 UUCP ( kilgore  obien)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Systems:     obie Any ACU 2400 14081234567 \
               --ogin:-BREAK-ogin: nuusp ssword: mavra
 Devices:     ACU tty1A - 2400 hayes2400
 Permissions: LOGNAME= ukilgore Machine= killgore \
                READ=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/kilgore \
                WRITE=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/kilgore \
                REQUEST=no SENDFILES=call
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    7. uucico p 䠩  (LCK..ttyxx)    p
᫥⥫쭮    䠩  (LCK..obie)  p
뢠 ⥬  ⠫ /usr/spool/uucp.
    8. uucico ᯮ ᫥⥫쭮  室  -
⥬   p,  ᠭ  䠩 Systems  室  ⥬
"obie",  祩  ᮡ⢥     uucico   ⢥p,   
"killgore" 㧭  砫 믮 p樨.
    9. 뢠  ⥬  "killgore"  (뢠   
"⥢") ⠥ "p" p樨;  뢠 -
,  "obie"  (⭠     "") ⠥
"稭".  稭  uucico  pp    䠩
Permissions  楫 ⢥p 稩 p  p-
 䠩.
    10. p ("killgore")  p  䠩    ,  p
pp    稥    訡   㤠 p
p㦥 ᫥.   p p⪨  䠩 p
  p 䠩 (TM.xxxx)  ⠫ /usr/spool/uucp. 
p ne 6 p蠥,   䠩 p   -
祭 (  砥  ⠫ /usr/spool/uucppublic/minutes.
01.10.

                           - 11-9 -

    11.   設  ppp   ᥡ p  䠩
pp樨. Hpp, "obie" ppp    䠩
  /usr/spool/uucp/.Log/uucp/kilgore.
    12. ᫨  稭  ⥬ "obie"   ᢮ ᮡ-
⢥ p  p  䠩,  뫠  ⢥p
p, ᮥ pp頥  p ᭨.
     믮     㤠 p ( 
uux),   ⠫ /usr/spool/uucp pp 믮塞  䠩
X.file.   uuxqt pᬠp  ⠫  ᪠ -
, pp 䠩 Permissions   稩  -
 ,  ⥬ 믮 .

                           - 11-10 -

        ⥬   pאַ 設

     饬 p 뢠,  ⠭ pﬠ
設   p. ᫨  ᮥ  㤠묨
p  ᯮ UUCP,      p  
p.   ᮥ  p pאַ 設  -
室:
   - p ᫥⥫ p    ;
   -  ᫥⥫ 設 (RS-232)  p -
     ⥫ p⠬;
   - p   p 㤥 뢠饩 p, 
      - 뢠.

     롮p ᫥⥫쭮 p

    H   p  室  p ᫥⥫
p  RS-232 (/dev/ttynn).  ᫨ ⠪ p⮢ ,  -
室  ⠭    ᫥⥫ 設  ᤥ 
㯭,  ⪫稢 pᮥ   p⢮.  ᫨  
⪫砥 p, 㡥,      p.
    H   䠩  ᠭ   p,   ᮮ⢥
p 設,   p "⠫  䠩 ᠭ p
UNIX" 饣 p㪮⢠.   p⢠   :

     /dev/ttynn

     nn p  ᮮ⢥饩  設.  Hpp,  /dev/ttyla
筮 ᮮ⢥ p COM1.   p쭮 設 p
.
    ᫥⥫ p      p   uucp.   
pp ⮣,   設  uucp  ᫥ -
:

     chown uucp /dev/ttynn

 nn p ᮮ⢥饩 設.

                           - 11-11 -

     祭 ᫥⥫쭮 

     ᮥ  p  RS-232. ⢨⥫쭠
䨣p  ⠪⮢  pꥬ   뢠 p  p
p.
    筮  ᮥ ⠪ 2,  3  7  -
p  ⠪  ⠪⠬ p㣮.    室
p뢠, .. ᮥ ⠪ 2  p  -
⠪⮬ 3 p㣮,  p.
      ᮥ  ⫨,  ᭥ -
 㪠 ⠪⮢  ᫥  p  p㪮⢮  
pp    ᮥ塞 p.

     pp ᮥ

     ⮬  p   ⢥ pp ᫥⥫쭮 p
  p ᯮ tty2a.
     pp p ᮥ  p -
室 ᤥ ᫥饥:
    1. ᮥ  ᫥⥫  設     -
p. H  p  :

     disable /dev/tty2a

,  ᮥ ⠪ p騥 設 :

     disable /dev/tty2A

    2. ᮥ   ᫥⥫쭮 設    
  p.  pᮥ p㣮  設  ⠭p⭮
p  p.
   3.   ⮬ p :

     (stty 9600;date) < /dev/tty2a > /dev/tty2a

     襬  pp  tty2a 㪠뢠 ᫥⥫ 設,  
 date  p 뢮.
     室 ᬮp 室   date, -
騥  p  p.  p    p楤p  
p㣮 p.
    ᫨  p楤p  p뢠, pp ᫥饥:
   -  設 祭 㦭 殬,
   -   p  p,

                           - 11-12 -

   -  p p쭮 ᠭ (᪮p p  ,
     ⭮  ..),
   -  ᫥⥫쭠 設 ⢨⥫쭮 ᪨
     ⪫祭,
   -  ᯮ p p ⠪⮢.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

p砭
    H祭 ᫥⥫쭠 設   p-
  pꥧ  p.  H  ⠢  祭  
p               ᫥⥫               .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     H HH  UUCP  

     ,     易 p  筮 ⥫-
䮭 . p ⮬ 室 믮 ᫥饥:
   - p ᫥⥫ p,
   - ⠭ 䨣p ⥫䮭 맮,
   -    ⠭ p⥫  pp,
   - pp ᮥ.
     ᫥  p  p     
㭪⮢. H室   ,  p ᮡ -
䮭    (pp,  " 맮")  pp뢠
 UUCP.

     롮p ᫥⥫쭮 p

    롥p ᫥⥫ p RS-232,  p    
ᯮ짮    ⥬   p 㤥  .
᫨ ᢮ 設 ,  室   ᫥-
⥫ p  ᢮   , ⪫稢 pᮥ-
   p⢮. ᫨  ⪫砥 p, 㡥-
,      p.
    H   䠩  ᠭ  p⢠,  ᮮ⢥饣
p   p,     p  "⠫    䠩  ᠭ
p UNIX" 饣 p㪮⢠.   p⢠  
 :

     /dev/ttynn

     nn p ᮮ⢥饣 p.  Hpp,  /dev/ttylA
筮 ᮮ⢥ p COM1.   p쭮 p  p-
 .

                           - 11-13 -

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
    /dev/tty1a  def/tty1A p⠢         p;
tty1a  室  ᯮ짮    p   p 設;
tty1A    ᯮ        祭    p     .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ᫥⥫ p      p   uucp.   
pp,  設  uucp  ᫥ :

     chown uucp /dev/ttynn

 nn p ᮮ⢥饩 設.

     ⠭  맮

      ᯮ짮   뫪, ⠪   -
   맮 (  ⥫䮭 p).   ⮣
  室 ⠭  㦭  ᮮ⢥-
騥  p⥫.    ᫥   p  ᭮
 ,  ᮢ⨬   Hayes,  p 
p㣨  .    室   pﬨ 
祭    ᮮ⢥饬  p㪮    p
p   "   ⥫      맮     䠩
p",   p   ᯨ᮪ p -
  pp  맮. (᫨  ⠭ Hayes
Smartmodem 2400  ᮢ⨬      ,    祭
p権  ᬮp  ᫥騩  p.)  p  ᠭ  Hayes
Smartmodem 2400  ᮢ⨬   ,  室  -
 ᫥騥 㭪:
    1.  p p      ᪠  8-⠪
p⥫  䨣p樨.  (  p筮 p㪮⢥ 
p樨   ⮣ p⥫  p⭮ .)

                             - 11-14 -

    2. ⠭ p⥫  ᫥騥 :
    +---------------------------------------+
    |         1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8 |
    +-------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    | p | x | x |   | x | x | x | x |   |
    +-------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    |   |   |   | x |   |   |   |   | x |
    +-------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

     . 11-1.  祭    p-
⥫.
    3. p   p p.

                           - 11-15 -

      11-1. p⥫ , ᮢ⨬  Hayes

 p-  -   H祭
 ⥫    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

   1      p*    ⢥砥  DTR  p
   2      p*   p p  ᪮
               ᫮ p p
   3      p    p p  pp
          *    p p 뫠  ⢥ 
                     
   4      p*    ⮡p  p
                 p  ⮡p
   5      p*    㤥 p  p 㪮 p-
                   樥
                㤥 p  p  㪮
                   p樨
   6      p*   CD pp, ᫨ p쭮 稨
                   ⠪⮢ 
               CD  DSR p㤨⥫쭮  ᮪
                   p ᨣ
   7      p     祭  p ⥫䮭 -
                   
          *     祭  ⥫䮭  -
                   ⨢ 짮
   8      p     pᯮ   맮
          *     믮 ⮫쪮 㭪樨 -뢮
    ᫨   p㣨 ,     孨-
᪮ p㪮⢥    祭 p⥫  -
   p p  p.

     祭 

    ᫥ ⠭   䨣p樨   맮  
⮢  祭   p.  p쭮 p
  RS-232  ᯥ稢 ⠪⭮ ᮥ,
 .
    ⨬,  pꥬ ᫥⥫쭮 p p -
  䨣p DTE (筠 pp p  -
).  ⠥,     䨣p DCE (pp
p ).  ᫨   p㤮  DTE   DCE,
  ᯥ樠쭮 祭 .

                           - 11-16 -
                   WARNING: i-node table overflow
      11-2. H祭 ᮥ⥫ ⠪⮢

      +-----------------------------------------------+
      | H                     p   |
      |                               (DTE)     (DCE) |
      +-------------------------------+--------+------+
      |⭮             | 1      |   1  |
      |p  (TX)       | 2      |   2  |
      |p  (RX)         | 3      |   3  |
      |Hp  ⮢ (DSR)       | 6      |   6  |
      | ᨣ (GND)       | 7      |   7  |
      |p 饩 (CD)          | 8      |   8  |
      |p  ⮢ (DTR)    | 20     |  20  |
      +-------------------------------+--------+------+

     ᮥ⥫ ⠪ 뢠  p筮  p㪮-
⢥  襬 .
    pᬮp p樨  ⠭ ,  㪠뢠  
p㪮⢥  ,  ⥬ 믮 ᫥騥 㭪:
    1.   ᫥⥫    RS-232    pꥬ
᫥⥫쭮 設  ,   ⥬    ᫥⥫쭮
pꥬ  襬 p.  ,  ⠭ 
⠪.  ( ⮫쪮  ⠪  2-3-7  筮.  
ᮥ    ⠪⮢  ᮢ㥬  ᯮ짮 ᪨ -
.)
    2. ⠢ ⥫䮭   ⥫䮭 pꥬ   -
,  ⮬ -  ⥫䮭 p.
    3. ⠢ ᨫ p   ⥢ p ⠭.

     祭  䨣p HAYES 2400  ᮢ⨬ 
                    

    Hᬮp     ᯥ 祭  ⥬ -
 室,  Hayes Smartmodem 2400  ᮢ⨬      
p  ⮭  祭  (on-line),  ᫨   -
p  p  p㥬 .  ⨬,    Hayes
2400    㤥  p  p 㪮 p樨 p 饩
2400 ,  ᫨   㤥 p    믮    
⮩ 2400 .
    1. pp 稥  䠩 Devices  ᠭ :

     ACU ttynn - 300-2400 /usr/lib/uucp/dialHA24

                           - 11-17 -

    2. ᫥ ⮣  室   䨣p樨  
  p:

     cu -s2400 -l ttyna

 nn  p "tty" ᫥⥫쭮 設. H
 <Return>.

    3.   祭  䨣p   ᫥-
騥  .    p  pᨬ -
 .  ᫨      p    p,
᫥  (AT&W)  .  p 㪠뢠 -
 ,  ᫥ p⪮  ᠭ. ᫥   
  室   <Return>.

AT&F     ᪠ 䨣p 롮p.
ATT       맮.
ATL0      .
AT&D2    ⠭ DTR: p室    p ᪠窥
         DTR.
AT&C1    ⠭ dcd: dcd ᨭpp  饩
         㤠 .
ATS0=1   㪮 p ᫥ 1  ( p -
         p ).
ATS2=128 몫祭 p饩 ᫥⥫쭮  .
ATE0     몫祭 ⮡p  p ( p⠥
         ⮡p  p ,   뫠).
ATQ1      p⮩ p (᫥ ⮩   
         ᫥饩   p⠥ ⢥ "OK").
AT&W     p p  pᬮ .

    室   cu  p    ⨫  窨 
  <Return>.( 室 p  ⨫
 窨  p   <Return>.)
     ᫥ ⮣  p  ⮢  p.

                           - 11-18 -

       p ᪮p p 

     p        ᨬ   ᪮p
p      饩 ,  뫠  㤠
⥬.    pp  ⥬    ᪮p
p   樠樨 ᨣ p 饩. -
 p p⢮ Hayes 2400, ᯥ稢  UUCP, -
  ⥪p  p  ᪮p  p    
p  p UUCP  cu  砭 ⠭ ᯥ-
 ᮥ.

    p p    p ᮥ  㪠뢠 
  ᪮p  䠩  Devices    Systems.   ᫨   p
p⢮  p  ᪮p  300  2400 ,  㪠
    ᪮p 䠩 Devices ᫥騬 p:

     300-2400

    ᫨  p p⢥/  ᯥ祭 
p  ᪮p   ,    ᪮p ᫥ 㪠
p 稭.  ᫨  㤠  ⥬  p
᪮쪮 p ᪮p⥩,    ᪮p⥩ ᫥
    ᪮p    䠩  Systems.  ᫨  㤠
⥬ 室  ᮥ   ᪮p,   䠩 Systems
᫥  㪠      稭.  pᮥ   UUCP
p   p p⢮ p祭   ᪮p 
,  㪠  䠩 Devices    Systems.  ᫨  p
p⢮ ᮥ p ᪮p,  室饩  p -
, pp p 訡 "p쭠 ᪮p  -
". p p쭮 ᮥ p 祭 ᪮p.

     p 

    ᫥ 㭪⮬    祭          
p  楫 pp   뫠  p-
 맮.  ,    p⠥,   
ᯫ ⥬ 裡.
     p     室  믮  ᫥騥
㭪:
    1. ᫨     ᯮ  Hayes    ᮢ⨬    ,
pp,   p⥫ p   ⠭ 
室  p.   ᯥ譮 믮   
ᯮᮡ  㪮 ᨣ. ⮭宦 ⮣ p-
⥫  㧭  p筮 p㪮⢠  .

                             - 11-19 -

    2. pp 稥  䠩 Systems   ⥬,  -
p  ᮡp 뢠,   䠩 Devices - ᮮ⢥-
饣 ttynn.
     3.  pp uutry   p:

     /usr/lib/uucp/uutry -x6  _

    4. ⥫쭮  p蠩  .    
p  p , ⥬ ᮪ ᨣ p ᮥ
p㣮 ,  p ᫥ 設.
    5. Hp p⢮ ⮬᪨ ᮥ   -
,  p     p.    ⠭ 
pp頩 p ,  p ⠭ uutry.  p
p p  .
    6. ᫨ ᨣ  , pp, :
        -  祭  ⥫䮭 p⪥,
        - p⪠ ᮥ  ⥫䮭 ,
        -  㪠 p ⥫䮭 p  䠩
          Systems.
    7. ᫨    p   , pp, :
      - ⠭ 㦭 p,
      -  ᮥ  p쭮 ᫥⥫쭮 設 
         ᮥ⥫  楫,
      -  p쭮 㪠 tty 設  䠩  Devices,
      - 祭 ⠭ ,
      -  ⠫ /usr/spool/uucp  䠩 p
        裡 LCK.
    8. uucico    맮 㪠 ⥬ 
 p  10 .      p -
⪨  㤠 䠩,  ᮮ⢥騩 뢠  ⥬  
室騩  ⠫ /usr/spool/uucp/Status.

                             - 11-20 -

     H UUCP   

     p 襩 ⥬ UUCP    室  p-
p  p  䠩,  ᮤp  p   ⥬  
p p⮩ pp UUCP.  p騥 䠩 UUCP -
  ⠫ /usr /lib/uucp.     䠩 
 ⠭p⭮ ⥪⮢ pp    ᯮ짮
pp uustall(ADM),   ᠭ . ᠭ, p
 ᫥  ⮣ p,  p   pp
 䠩,  ⠪    ᬮ pp  p-
.

      p: 뢠   뢠?

      p ᯮᮡ p  UUCP:
   -  ⢥  ⮫쪮 뢠饣.
   -  ⢥  ⮫쪮 뢠.
   -  ⢥   뢠饣 p㣨,  뢠.
     ⢥ 뢠 ⮢ p㣨 p  뢠
 室   ⥬.   p 䠩  믮
p .
     ⢥  뢠  ,    p 뢠
p㣨 p  室  ⥬.   p 樨p
p  䠩    㤠 ,    믮 -
            쭮            㤠       p.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
    p dial-in  (맮    p) dial-out
(뢠  p)  call (맮)  뢠  p
裡   ⮢, ᮥ pאַ 設, ⠪  -
    p    /⥫䮭    p     p⢮.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     2Hp p 䠩   uuinstall

    ⠫쭠   p  ⭮  p p
䠩, p    UUCP. ⨫ uuinstall(ADM)
 p⮩ ᯮᮡ p  䠩.  p⠩ ⠢-
      ᠭ    䠩  
⮢,  p  .

                           - 11-21 -

     ⠢ ⨫ uuinstal 室 ᪮쪮 䠩 ᪠
(   p ⢫   ⥬  
?),  ⮬  室   ⮣ p -
.  ᫥ ⮣   ⠭ ᭮,  짮 
  䠩, ᫥ ᫥饩 p楤:
    1.   uuinstall  ⥬  室   ⥬  root 
 :
     /etc/uuinstall
sysadmsh 롮p 짮⥫: ⥬->䨣p->->UUCP
뢮 ᭮  uuinstall
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

        UUCP Administration Utility
       (p⨢ ⨫ UUCP)

1. Display or update site or machine name    (/etc/systemid)
   (뢮      )
2. Display or update list of remote sites          (Systems)
   (뢮   ᯨ᪠ 㤠 ⮢)
3. Display or update direct- or dial-out lines      (Devices)
   (뢮   p 設  設 p 
   맮)
4. Display or update direct- or dial-in lines
   (뢮   p 設  設  맮)
5. Check consistensy of UUCP files
   (pp pp⭮ 䠩 UUCP)
6. Check connection with remote site
   (pp ᮥ  㤠 ⮬)
7. Convert old UUCP files to new format
   (pp p 䠩 UUCP   p)
     Choose an option (1-7), or enter "q" or quit:
     (  (1-7)   "q"  quit)
     樨 uuinstall p ᫥騬 p:
  -   뢮    䠩 /etc/systemid  
     樨 "Display or update site or machine name".
  -   롮p p,  p  p  -
      맮  p ⠪ 맮,   祭   
     䠩 Devices   樨 "Display or update dial-in or
     dial-out devices".
  -   ᠭ ⮢ 襩 ⥬,  p묨  㤥
     室  ⠪, ⥬ 祭 ᮮ⢥  -
     ⥫    䠩  Systems   樨 "Display or update
     list of remote sites".
  -    tty 設,  p p ᯮ짮,
      䠩 /etc/inittab    樨  "Display  or  update
     line connections".

                           - 11-22 -

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
     ᫨   , ⮡  -    䠩 /etc/
inittab ⠫ ﭭ,  室  筮 ⠪  -
  䠩 /etc/conf/cf.d/init.base.  室  ⮬,
   p   믮 ppp  p (p
  pp      pp  p) 䠩
/etc/inittab ⠭  ᠭ, 室饣   /etc
/conf/cf.d/init.base.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     2. ᫨     뢠 p㣨 ⥬,  p
 ,  ᠭ  p "p  -
  pp樨  ⮢   맮",    ⮩
.
     3. ᫨   뢠 p㣨  ⥬,  p
奬 , p 室  䠩 Permission  㪠뢠,
   ⠫ pp蠥 ᯮ짮.
       ,   p 䠩    ⢮
易⥫ ⥩;    p塞  
樨  p騥 䠩 pᬠp  p  "樠-
 樨 䨣p樨 UUCP".
     p ⠭ ⥬ UUCP  ᥭ     -
,      室    ⥬    ⢥  -
pp (root).  H ᠬ   ᥬ 䠩 UUCP  
  ⮫쪮 pp,    ⥭ pp襭 
 䠩,    믮 pp襭 ⮫쪮  root
  uucp.    ⮬,   p 襩 p    
䠩 p uucp   p  root.  UUCP    
p p쭮, ᫨      믮 ᢮
䠩.   pp 稩 䠩 UUCP ᫥  ᯮ짮-
 ᫥饩 :

     fixperm -n -v -dUUCP /etc/perms/*

      p  믮 ⮩  㤥 뢥 ᯨ᮪
䠩  p묨 p⠬ 㯠.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭

      Systems  Permissions ᮤp p p
,  ᫥⥫쭮,    㯭  ⥭ ⮫쪮  
uucp ( root).   ⠪,    p쭮 p, 
⢥ ᪫祭,  pp /usr/bin/ct  p
root   p uucp.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                           - 11-23 -

     ⠭    䠩 /etc/systemid

      ⥬ UUCP   p  p  "".
⮬   p p,    Micnet,
p  뢠  ⥬ UUCP.
      ⮣, ⮡ ⫨    p㣮 
   㭨쭮  (sitename).    
   樨 㪢  p,  稭  㪢 
    7 ᨬ.    UUCP  uux  
ᯮ   p p  ᮮ⢥騩 -
p   Micnet.
        p p pp⨪ -
,  ⠪  ,    ⮯     p.
Hpp,       Chicago,   
p᪮ ⤥ - legal.       㭨-
.          p㣮 p,  뢠騩 
p,  뢠騩     ⠪  .
            䠩 /etc/systemid.   ⮬
䠩 㪠뢠      ᮮ⢥ 
 Micnet, ᫨ ⠪ .   ᫥騩 p:
     site_name
     [machinename]
 site_name -     .
    machinename -  p   Micnet. ᫨ ⥬ 
                   Micnet  ᮥ,  machinename
                   易⥫.
     Hpp, ᫥  p      
chicago,  p p   Micnet - brewster:
     chicago
     brewster
       ⥬ UUCP    p  ᫥  ⮣,  
p  Micnet,  䠩 systemid  p⭮ 
㦥  ⢮.   ⮬ 砥  室  
     砫  䠩 systemid   -
p,  室饬   Micnet.  p  室    
p᫨    ; p ⮬   㪠-
  ⤥쭮 p.   祭  p樨 
⮬ p . ᠭ systemid(M)  "㪮⢥ 짮-
⥫".

                           - 11-24 -

     롮p  ᠭ p UUCP

      㪠뢠 p,  室 p ᫥-
⥫ p,  몫  (disable), ᫨  p 
p ⮫쪮  p 맮 p㣨 ⠬,  
  (enable),  ᫨  㤥 p  p  맮
p㣨 ⮢,   pp p 䠩 /etc/inittab,
 p 뢠 ᫥⥫쭠 設.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
     ᫨   , ⮡  -    䠩 /etc/
inittab ⠫ ﭭ,  室  筮 ⠪  -
  䠩 /etc/conf/cf.d/init.base.  室  ⮬,
   p   믮 ppp  p (p
  pp      pp  p) 䠩
/etc/inittab ⠭  ᠭ, 室饣   /etc
/conf/cf.d/init.base.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     1. p ᫥⥫ p.  p ⮬ ᫥  -
짮   設      p   p     (pp,
/dev/ttylA)  設   맮       ,  
設    p  p   (pp,  /dev/tty2A) 
pאַ 祭.   祭  p樨   ⮬
p . p "롮p ᫥⥫쭮 設".
     2. ⪫  ᫥⥫  設.  ᫨  ᯮ
,       p. ᫨ ᫥-
⥫ 設 p ᯮ짮   맮-
,  ⠢  ᫥     몫祭  (disable)
᫮ "enable"  믮 :
     disable /dev/ttynn
 nn  p 襩 ᫥⥫쭮 設. ᫨ 設
㦥 p  㦭 ﭨ (enable/disable),  
ᮮ饭  訡, p   ᯮ ppp.

                           - 11-25 -

     3. pp  䠩  /etc/inittab.   䠩 ᮤp
ᯨ᮪ p,  p p  室  ⥬. 
뢮  ⥪饣 ᮤp 䠩  p ᫥⥫-
 設  :
     cat /etc/inittab
tty  ᫥騩 p:
     tn:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyn m
 n  tty.  ᫨  㦭  -    
䠩,    ᤥ    ⥪⮢ p-
p.    ᢥ  䠩 /etc/inittab    p
p   .  ᠭ getty(M)  inittab(F)  "㪮-
⢥ 짮⥫".

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
     ᫨   , ⮡  -    䠩 /etc/
inittab ⠫ ﭭ,  室  筮 ⠪  -
  䠩 /etc/conf/cf.d/init.base.  室  ⮬,
   p   믮 ppp  p (p
  pp      pp  p) 䠩
/etc/inittab ⠭  ᠭ, 室饣   /etc
/conf/cf.d/init.base.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hpp,   䠩  ᫥⥫쭮 設   -
  맮 p  p⢮ (祭 p )
  ᫥騩 :
     t2A:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty2A m
pp   pאַ 設, ᮥ饩  p, -
  ᫥:
     t2a:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty2a m
᫨ 設 p    맮,  ⠪   -
祭  맮,  pp, ⮡  ᮮ⢥騩
  䠩 /usr/lib/uucp/Devices  /etc/inittab.

                           - 11-26 -

    p   pp樨   
    p  맮

          맮    ᯥ
 pp樨 室  ⥬  ⮢, p -
  뢠.     䠩 /etc/passwd.
      pp樨  UUCP    ⠪  ,    
筮 짮⥫  (.    "pp  
  짮⥫"   饬 p㪮⢥),   
筮 ⠫ 짮⥫     pp  
ᯥ樠 ⠫ pp樨  pp pp樨.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
      "uucp"   ᯮ짮  ⢥  짮-
⥫ UUCP    짮⥫;   /
pp uucp.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     p  pp樨 UUCP 믮  ᫥-
騬 p:

     1. 롨p   짮⥫  䨪p -
⥫ ID (pp樮 p)  室   ⥬  UUCP.
   p⠢ ᮡ p   㪢 
p    쬨 ᨬ. 䨪p 짮-
   ᫮  p  50  63535.
     p   ,    䨪p  짮⥫
  㭨.   pp樨 UUCP  㪠-
뢠   䨪p,  㦥 騩  p㣮 .

     2.  p   (  ) -
  sysadmsh    ᤥ ᫥ ᫥⥫쭮 -
p:
     Accounts->User->Create

     3.   p  ᫥ ᯮ짮 ᫥騥
:
     Login shell: /usr/lib/uucp/uucico
     Home directory: /usr/spool/uucppublic
     p 室    ⥬ UUCP p  易⥫,
 p㥬.

                           - 11-27 -

     ᥩ  㤠 ⮢  䠩
    Systems

      Systems  (/usr/lib/uucp/Systems) ᮤp p,
室   uucico  ⠭ 裡   㤠-
  p.      䠩 뢠 p,
p  뢠  p.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
     ᫥ p 䠩 Systems   p,   
,        ⥬  ⢥ 짮⥫
mmdf  믮 ᫥騥 :
     cd /usr/mmdf/table
     tools/uulist
     dbmbuild
      pp,   堭  pp⨧樨  MMDF  㤥
p쭮  p뢠  ⮪ ᮮ饭   p 
    ⮢.  祭  p
p樨  .  p  "Hp  UUCP"     "Hp
p " 饣 p㪮⢠.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     p ⮣,   䠩   Systems    p    楫
pp饭 室   ⥬ p,  ᠭ 
⮬  䠩.   ⤥쭮 p  䠩  ⢮-
 ᪮쪮 ᥩ.  ⥫   뢠  -
p⨢  裡, p  p뢠   ᫥-
⥫쭮 p浪.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
     ᫨  뢠  ⥬  p ⮫쪮  p
맮  p㣨 ⠬ (ᨢ p),  p 
 㤥 樠p 裡,  筮  ⮫쪮 -
 ⥬, p   뢠.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

       䠩 Systems  ᫥騩 p (
  ⤥  p㣮 p):

     sitename  schedule  device  speed  phone login-script
     ( - p-  p- -   -  業p p-
               ⢮    p  䮭    p樨)

                           - 11-28 -

sitename   ᮤp  㧫 㤠 p.

schedule   ᮤp ᫥⥫쭮, p⠢ ᮡ
             p ,    㤠  p
           뢠.

device    뢠 ⨯ p⢠,  p  ᯮ짮-
            ⠭ 裡  㤠 p.

speed     뢠 ᪮p p  p⢠, p
          㤥 ᯮ짮  ⠭ 裡  㤠
          p.

phone     뢠 p  ⥫䮭  㤠  p  
          ⮬᪮ p p⢠. ᫨  
          p  䠩 Systems,  p  -
            ᯮ짮  ᪮쪨 ⠬,   p
          ⫨砥  p䨪  (  ⭮  ⥫䮭
          ⥬),    p "ᯮ짮 -
           맮  p 쭮  䠩 Systems"
           "樠 樨 䨣p樨 UUCP".
login-script
          p p,  ᯮ㥬 p 室  -
           ( ⠪  "業p 饭").

      Schedule

      schedule  ⮨   p .  p  day
()  易⥫. ⠫   time (p) 
retry (p p 맮)  易⥫묨. -
⠪ ᫥騩:
     day[time][;1retry]
 day  ᮤp ᫥騥 祢 ᫮:

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   㪠  .
Wk      㪠 㤭筮 .
Any      .
Never   ᨢ p  㤠 p.  ᫨ 
        Schedule 㪠 Never,   p    
       㤥  樠p  맮 㤠 p.  맮
        樨p 㤠 p.    -
       p,  p p⠥  ᨢ p  ⭮-
       襭  㤠 (.  ᠭ  䠩  1Permissions).
       㪠 Never,  p 

                           - 11-29 -

     ⥫쭮   time    㪠뢠   p
p  24-ᮢ p, pp, 0800-1230. ᫨  -
  , p  p ⮪,  pp襭
 맮. ᪠ 㪠뢠 p p, p室-
騩 p 0000. Hpp, 0800-0600 砥  p, p
p  6  8 p.
     Hpp, ᫥    맮   -
쭨,  p   ⭨  p  9 p  㤭 (
뤥  schedule  㪠 p p⮬):
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  grebe MoWeFr0900-1200 ACU D1200 14087672676 \
    ogin: nuucp ssword: Created
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     p ⮣,   㪠뢠 ᪮쪮 p   
ᮢ.   p   ᫮ ᯥ䨪樨. 
᫥饬  pp 맮 pp蠥  5:00 p  8:00 p
 쭨    ⢥p        p    㡡  
pᥭ.
      pp   䥪⨢  ᯮᮡ  맮,
 ᪮p ⥫䮭 裡    ᮥ
  .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  gorgon Wk1700-0800.SaSu ACU D1200 14087672676 \
    ogin: nuucp ssword: DontLook
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     ⥫쭮  retry ᯮ  㪠 -
쭮 p ( ) p p  맮  ᫥
㤠筮 ⪨ ᮥ. ⥫   窠
 ⮩ (;).  Hpp, ᫥  ppp 
맮      p,      p p 9 
p p 맮 p 㤠筮 ⪥ ᮥ:
     Any;9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
      㬮砭 UUCP ᯮ p樯 "ᯮ樠쭮 -
p" p p 㤠 ᮥ.  ᫥ 砫쭮 -
 ᫥騩 맮  p 5 .  p p-
    p⮬  ᫠  㤠  ⮪.     retry
pp뢠 ⭤p⭮ 祭.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                           - 11-30 -

            Device

      device 㪠뢠 ⨯ p⢠,  設⢥ -
 ACU (p⢮ ⮬᪮ 맮).  Hpp, 祢
᫮,  ᯮ㥬  ᫥饬  p  p -
 ᥩ 䠩 Devices:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Systems: gorgon Any ACU D1200 14087672676 \
    ogin: nuucp ssword: DontLook
  Devices: ACU tty1A - D1200-2400 hayes2400
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      Speed

      ⮬      㪠뢠 㪢  ᪮p (pp,
C1200,  D1200),   pp p 
  p  p  (.  ᠭ    speed 䠩
Devices).  Hp p⢠  p   ᪮p-
;    ⮬ 砥  㪠뢠 Any.    p㥬
㪠뢠 ⢨⥫ p ᪮p⥩,  p p-
  ᯮ짮.  (᫨  㪠뢠  Any    䠩
Systems,     䠩 Devices,    㬮砭  p
祭  2400.)  Hpp,      ᮢ  
speed ᮮ⢥饩  䠩 Devices:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Systems: gorgon Any ACU D2400-9600 14087672676 \
    ogin: nuucp ssword: DontLook
  Devices: ACU tty1A - D1200-2400 hayes2400
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     ᫨ p  ⮣   㦭,  ᯮ 
p (-).

      Phone

        ᯮ  㪠 ⥫䮭 p 
p p⢠ .  䮭 p ⠢  
易⥫쭮  㪢  pp  p .  ᫨
ᯮ  pp,      㪠뢠    䠩
Dialcodes. (. "ᯮ짮  맮  p -
쭮 䠩 Systems"). pp:

                           - 11-31 -

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Systems: gorgon Any ACU D1200 CA3676 \
    ogin: nuucp ssword: DontLook
  Dialcodes:  CA 9=408767
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      p⢠ (=)  ⮩ p㯯  ᮮ頥 ACU  -
室 뤥p    p筮 㪮-
  ᨣ,  ᫥  p  p p ⠢
p.   p (-)  ⮩ p㯯 砥 뤥p  2--
㭤 p p p p p.
      p⢠ (=)  ⮩ p㯯  ᮮ頥 ACU  -
室 뤥p    p筮 㪮-
 ᨣ,  ᫥ p  p  p  ⠢
p.    p (-)  ⮩ p㯯 砥 뤥p 2--
㭤 p p p p p.
     ᫨  p ᮥ  LAN-p⥫  -
p p,    ⢫    p㣨  -
p,   祭    ⮬  p⥫.    䠩
Systems   p   ᮤp ⥫䮭  -
p   phone.  ⮣  ⮬  㤥 㪠 -
ᥬ,  p  p   p⥫    ⮣,
⮡  뫮  ᭮,   p     ⠭
.  (筮    ⥬ .)    pp饭
pp     䠩 Dialcodes ᮮ⢥-
  䠩 Devices    ᢮  \D.

                            - 11-31 -

      Login-Script

      業p 室  ⥬  ᯮ    p
裡  ,   pᯮ   뫪 室-
 ᫥⥫쭮 pp樨 (login)   p.  業p
㪠뢠   p鸞 , ⤥ p,  
᫥饣 p:
     expect send
      expect p⠢ ᮡ p㯯 , p -
砥6    send  -  p㯯 ,  뫠 ᫥ 祭
expect.
      expect      ⠢       ᫥騬
p:
     expect[-subsend-subexpect]...
      subsend 뫠  ⮬ 砥,  ᫨  p騩
expect      ᯥ譮  ⠭,    subexpect,  ᫥騩  
subsend,   ᫥饩  p p p㯯  -
.  ᭨  p稥: ᫥⥫쭮 "send-expect" -
뫠 p㯯  p  祭    p㯯  ,
᫥⥫쭮  "subsend-subexpect"  뫠 p㯯 
⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ p  p㯯  
뫠 祭  祭 10 ᥪ.
     Hpp, p 㪠 "login--login" UUCP  㤥  
"login". ᫨ p "login",  p室  ᫥-
 . ᫨ "login"  祭, ᫥ ᨣ "p p-
"  祣    뫠,  ᫥  祣 ᭮ pᬠp
"login".  ᫨  砫   㤠  p  
 㯫 - ᨬ,   expect ᫥-
 㪠뢠 "" (⮩ p).  ⨬,  ᫥  
send 㤥 뫠  "p p⪨, ᫨ ⮫쪮  -
  send  㤥 㪠 \c.

                           - 11-32 -

     ᫨ p  稭  p,     p
p expect,  p ᫥ p subsend. Hpp, "--
login:" 㤥 뢠 뫪  "p p⪨"  -
 祭 "login:".
     p expect 易⥫쭮  稢;  -
  㪠뢠  ⮫쪮  墮⮢  ,  ,  pp,   
"ogin:".    p   p㤭 p ᯮ짮
p pp樨,   p ᯮ p  㪢,
pp,  "Login:"  "Password:",   ⠪ p㤭 p -
짮 設   맮 p㣨 ⮢, ⠪   -
 p㣨.

     ⠢ 業p pp樨

      饬  p   p ᠭ,  
⠢ 業p 室 ⥬ (p⮪ 饭).
     p,    ᫥騩  䠩 Systems:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  terps Any ACU 1200 18005211980 ""\r ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \
    uucpx word: ichore
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

       p⠫   業p:
     1. p砫쭮 祣  .
     2. 뫠 p p⪨   業p 
 p "ogin:" (login:).
     3. ᫨ "ogin:"  㯠, 뫠 ᨣ BREAK.
     4.  ⥫쭮 㯠 "ogin:", 뫠 
 p ⢫ 室  ⥬, uucpx.
     5.  㯠 p "word:" ( Password:),
뫠 p "ichore".
     業p pp樨    p   p   -
p⠫쭮   p.  뢠  砨,      
p  室  ⥬ p      ᫥-
⥫쭮⥩  BREAK (  p室    p
᪮p).  ᫨     室  ᫥-
⥫쭮  pp樨   pp   ,
娬 室   ⪠ 易    p.
믮       cu;   p  p-
,   室 뫠  p樨 p  室  
⥬ (login:).  (p ⮣,    ᮥ  -
,  p  ⫠筮 p   uutry;  p
.    "⫠筠  p ".)  p p
,  뢠 ᯥ樠  ⢨,  p  뫪    
p  믮 pp樮 ᫥⥫쭮,  -
p  p ᮮ⢥  襩;   ᫥ 
室   業p:

                           - 11-33 -

      11-3. p騥 ᫥⥫쭮  業p
                   室  ⥬

                          ᠭ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 \N     뫠 ⮩ ᨬ (NUL   ASCII)
 \b     뫠    p   
 \c     ᫨ 㪠뢠   p㯯 ,  
        p p⪨, p 筮 뫠.  p⨢
        砥 pp.
 \d     p  祭 1ᥪ p 뫪  ⥭
        ᫥ .
 \p     ⠭  ⥫쭮  1/4  1/2 ᥪ.
 \E     ⠭ p pp ⮡p. ( ⮣ -
         直 p,  p ,  ⮣,
         - 㤥 ᤥ, ⠭ 
        , p   祭.)
 \e     몫砥 p pp ⮡p.
 \n     뫠     p.
 \r     뫠    p p⪨.
 \s     뫠    p.
 \t     뫠    ⠡樨.
 \\     뫠    \.
 EOT    뫠 EOT ( p  <CTL>d).
 BREAK  뫠 ᨣ BREAK.
 \K      ,   BREAK.
 \ddd   p뢠 쬥p筮 ᫠ (ddd)   .
 ""      ⮩ p.

     p祭 㯠 p 䠩 Permissions

     ᫨ p㣨 p  뢠   ⥬,  䠩
Permissions  (/usr/lib/uucp/Permissions) 㪠뢠 p -
, p묨  㤠 p p 室  ⥬,
㯥   䠩  믮 .   樨,  p
p稢  㤠 p p p 䠩-
    p p 䠩, ⠢  p
 p.  p㣨 樨 ⠭ , -
p    믮   쭮 p 㤠 -
.

                           - 11-34 -

     ⠢ ᥩ 䠩 Permissions

          ᪮  ᫥⥫쭮;
p  ⮬   㪠 p  ᫥ 䨧 -
  \.   ⠢  権,  ⤥塞
p  p㣠 p.   p⠢ p "
-稭" ᫥饣 p:
     name=value
     ⨬, p 砥  樨  祭  p
  .
     p p 稭   (#)   -
  p    p.  p pp
( p p筮 ᪮ ).
       ⨯ ⮢ 䠩 Permissions:

LOGNAME  뢠  , p 뢠 p
         맮 襣 p  㤠.

MACHINE  뢠  , p 뢠 p
         맮 訬 p 㤠.

     p祭 䠩 Permissions

     ᫨ 䠩  Permissions ᯮ  p祭 p
㯠  㤠 p:
   -  䨪p pp樨 (ID), p塞 㤠-
      p  室  ⥬ UUCP,  -
      ⮫쪮    ⮢ ⨯ LOGNAME;
   - p 맮 㤠 ,  p  㪠 
        ⨯ MACHINE,   㤥  ᫥-
     騥 /p祭:
     1.   믮 ⮫쪮  p  p
         p.
     2.   p    뫠 䠩   ⠫
     /usr/spool/uucppublic 襣 p.

     3. , 뫠  㤠 p  믮-
          襬,   p p ⠭p
        , 筮 rmail.

                           - 11-35 -

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
     p 맮 襣 p  㤠   ⮬ 砥,
᫨    p樨   ᫥⥫쭮  pp樨  
p  ⮣ p,   ,    p
   p p⥭.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     樨 pp襭

      ⮬  p  뢠  ,  㪠뢠 
 樨 ᯮ  p 祭, p 
㬮砭.

   REQUEST

     뢠,       㤠 p ⠢
p  p 䠩  襣 p.  ᫨ 㤠
p 뢠  p  뫠 p  祭
襣 䠩,  p   ⪫  㤮⢮p.
 ᫥饬 p 㪠뢠,   㤠 p 
p p訢 p 䠩  襣 p:
     REQUEST=yes
      ᫥饬 p 㪠뢠,   㤠  p
  p p訢 p 䠩  襣 p:
     REQUEST=no
      㬮砭 p 祭 no.  ⠭,
᫨  REQUEST  㪠뢠.   REQUEST   㪠-
      LOGNAME  (㤠  p  뢠 ),   
MACHINE ( 뢠 㤠 p).

                           - 11-36 -

   SENDFILES

     뢠,     p 뫠  p 
p  㤠 p.   㤠 p -
뢠   p蠥 ᢮ p,      
p  p    襬 p.
      ᫥饬 p 㪠뢠,    p  
뫠  ,  ⠢   p  㤠 -
p  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ ppp      -
樨 LOGNAME:
     SENDFILES=yes
      p  p騬, ᫨  p -
室    ᨢ  p      ⭮襭      㤠
p.
      ᫥饬 p 㪠뢠,   䠩, 室騥 
p    襬  p,   뫠 ⮫쪮 ⮣,
  p 뢠 㤠.
     SENDFILES=call
      㬮砭 p 祭 call.      
祭  ⮫쪮    LOGNAME,  ..   ⨯ MACHINE
뢠 ⮫쪮 ⮣,   맮   ⭮襭 
㤠 p. ᫨   㪠뢠   ⨯
MACHINE,  pp.

   READ  WRITE

     뢠 p   䠩  ⥬,    p
uucico   ,   㤠   .  樨 READ 
WRITE  p    ⨯ MACHINE,    -
 LOGNAME.
     祭, p   㬮砭      READ,    
WRITE,  室  ⠫ uucppublic,    ᫥
p:
     READ=/usr/spool/uucppublic
     WRITE=/usr/spool/uucppublic
      ᫥饬 p 㪠뢠 pp襭    -
 䠩, p ⠥ ⥬ UUCP.
     READ=/  WRITE=/
     祭  ⮢ 뢠     ᯨ᪠  ⥩
㯠,   p ⤥ 稥.  READ p-
祭  p訢 䠩,    WRITE -  ⪫-
뢠 䠩.     祭  㪠뢠  -
⢥ p䨪         㯠  
室 䠩.

                           - 11-37 -

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
     樨 READ  WRITE  뢠  ⢨  -
⢨⥫  㯠  䠩   ⠫.  Hpp,
⠫   稩 700 ᪠    
 ᪠  ⥭      p UUCP, -
ᨬ  権 㯠, 㪠  䠩 Permissions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      pp襭 ⪫뢠 䠩  ⠫ /usr/tmp, p-
     ⠫ 饣 짮,   樨 WRITE ᫥
㪠뢠 ᫥騥 祭:
     WRITE=/usr/spool/uucppublic:usr/tmp
     H室 ⬥,   ᫨ ᯮ 樨  READ  
WRITE, 室 㪠뢠   ⥩ 㯠, .. 
⠭p  ⥩  ⮬᪨    ᯨ     .
Hpp,  ᫨  ⢥    ,  㪠  樨
WRITE,   /usr/news, pp襭  ⪫뢠 䠩 
⠫ 饣 짮 㤥 p饭.
      室 ᮡ p p 㪠 ⠫-
,  p  㯭묨  ⥭   㤠-
 p.  Hpp,  ᪮p ᥣ   , ⮡
㤠  p   pp襭   襣 䠩
etc/passwd, ⮬ etc   p뢠  .

   NOREAD  NOWRITE

     뢠 ᪫祭  権 READ  WRITE   祭,
p  㬮砭.  ᫥ p pp蠥 -
  䠩,  ᪫祭 , p 室  -
  etc  (    ⠫ - ,   㪠뢠
 p䨪  )   ⮫쪮  ⠭p  -
 usr/spool/uucppublic:
     READ=/
     WRITE=/usr/spool/uucppublic
     NOREAD=/etc
     NOWRITE=/etc
      NOWRITE p⠥ ⠪ ,     NOREAD.    樨
  㪠뢠       ⨯ LOGNAME,     ⨯
MACHINE.

                           - 11-38 -

   CALLBACK

     뢠   LOGNAME,   p p樨  -
 믮   p,   ᭮  㤥 p -
 뢠 ⥬.    pp ⮣,  
뫮  p CALLBACK.   楫   ⮬ 砥, 
 p  뢠  㤠  p,      
㢥p,  ,  ⢥,   ⥬ p.
᫨  믮  p ,     p
p, p p⠭    ᥠ.
      ᫥饬 p 㪠뢠,    p 
뢠  㤠  p  p p ⥬  筥
p 䠩:
     CALLBACK=yes
      㬮砭 p 祭:
     CALLBACK=no
      CALLBACK p p. ᫨   㪠뢠-
   ⮢  ⭮襭 p  p, p 䠩-
   筥.

   COMMANDS

     뢠   MACHINE ,  p   믮-
  㤠      襬  p.    
 襣 p;  p      ᫥
p p.
       pp uux# pp 㤠 믮
pᮢ, p   p  p  㤠
p.     뫠   p㥬  p
  㤠  믮.  ⨬,    COMMANDS   
LOGNAME  㪠뢠;  COMMANDS   MACHINE  p
pp襭  믮   ᨬ  ⮣,  -
 㤠 ⥬   뢠 .
     , p   㬮砭,  p  믮-
 㤠 p, :
     COMMANDS=rmail
     ᫨   MACHINE  㪠뢠    p,  
pp뢠  ⠭p⭮ 祭.  Hpp,  ᫥ 
pp뢠 ⠭p⭮ 祭  COMMAND,    p  祣
p owl,  raven, hawk  dove   믮-
  襬 p  rmail, rnews  lp.

                           - 11-39 -

     MACHINE=owl:raven:hawk:dove \
     COMMANDS=rmail:rnews:lp
      ⠪  ᯮ짮           㯠.
Hpp,  ᫥   㪠뢠,    rmail -
 ⠭p :
     COMMANDS=rmail:/usr/lbin/rnews:/usr/local/lp
     ⠭p ﬨ  襣 p  /bin, /
usr/bin  /usr/lbin. ᫨ 㤠 p 㪠뢠  -
  ⠫ /usr/lbin/rnews  rnews,  -
    ,  p    㬮砭,  㤥  믮
/usr/lbin/rnews.  筮  믮  lp  ᫥
㪠뢠 /usr/local/lp.
      祭 ALL  ᯨ᪥ 砥,    -
,   㤠 p, 㪠  , 㤥 믮-
. ᫨  㪠뢠  祭,  p⠢ 㤠-
  p    襬 p.  ⮬
ᮡ p;       ,
祬 , p   짮⥫.
     騩 p pp  :
     COMMANDS=/usr/local/bin/lc:ALL:/usr/local/lp
     1. 祭  ALL  㪠뢠    p;  
 ⥩ 㯠, 㪠  lc  lp  ᯮ짮
(  ⠭p),  ᫨    p訢   㤥
㪠뢠   㯠  lc  lp.
     2.   ,    ⥭樠쭠 
p  ⨯ cat  uucp,  㪠뢠   -
樨 COMMANDS,    樥 COMMANDS ᫥ 㪠뢠 
VALIDATE.   , 믮 ⥭   䠩,
p⠢ ⥭樠 ᭮  饭 쭮-
 p,   믮 p 㤠  UUCP
(uuxqt).

   VALIDATE

     p  ⠭  樥 COMMANDS p 㪠 -
,  p⠢ ⥭樠 ᭮   襣
p.   p⠢ p ⥯ ⢥p-
 稩 (⥭筮) 뢠饣 p. p-
 樨 VALIDATE p,  ⮡ pp p
    p権 UUCP 㭨 p.  p ⮬ 
⮬   p/pp樮  ᫥⥫-
   ⮩ .  ᫨ p  砥  -
p,  p⭠  VALIDATE    
饭. (VALIDATE p  p   樨

                           - 11-40 -

COMMANDS,   p 祣  砥   饭 
 祭 㯠  믮 , 祬 ALL.)
      ᮡ  p p p⠢ 㤠-
 p  pp  pp樮  ᫥-
⥫쭮⥩    p  p権 UUCP.  H 㤠
p ᯥ樠 pp  p  㯠   䠩-
  㤠 믮  宦  pp襭 --
  ⮬ p 믮 p  室    ⥬  
p 襣 p.  ⥫쭮,  ᫨   p
-,   p⠥  㤠 p,  p⠢-
  ⮬  p  pp  室  ⥬ 
p.
      ᫥饩  LOGNAME 㪠뢠,  ,  ᫨  
㤠 p,   p   agle,  owl    hawk
ppp  襬 p,    ᯮ짮 
pp樨 uucpfriend:
     LOGNAME=uucpfriend VALIDATE=eagle:owl:hawk
       ,  ᫨ p   砥  p
 pp p uucpfriend,   뢠 p-
.
     樨 COMMAND,  㪠뢠    MACHINE,  뢠
,  㯭  ⥬    LOGNAME 㤠
p.    室 뢠  MACHINE 
ᯥ祭 裡  쭮  㤠  ⥬, 
㤠 p ppp  쭮 ⥬,  
믮   p⠥.
      㤠  p  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ⠫
饣 㯠.   騥 ⠫ ᪠    
⮫쪮    pp  UUCP.  믮塞  䠩   㤠
p ᫥ p뫪   p    -
騩 ⠫.  p⠥  uuxqr,    ᯮ짮
  饣  ⠫    ᪠    MACHINE      䠩
Permissions  祭 ᯨ᪠  COMMANDS. ᫨  -
p  䠩 Permissions , ᯮ ⠭p
ᯨ᮪.
      ᫥饬 pp        ﬨ
MACHINE  LOGNAME.

     MACHINE=eagle:owl:hawk REQUEST=yes \
     COMMANDS=rmail:/usr/local/bin/lc \
     READ=/ WRITE=/

                            - 11-41 -

     LOGNAME=uucpz VALIDATE=eagle:owl:hawk \
     REQUEST=yes SENDFILES=yes \
     READ=/ WRITE=/

     p 樨 COMMANDS 㪠뢠,  㤠 짮-
    p訢  㤠  믮    rmail  
/usr/local/bin/lc.
     p ⠢   MACHINE  室  p  
  ,      맢   p,
㪠  ᯨ᪥,    ᠬ  뢠 eagle,  owl 
hawk.  䠩, 頥    ⠫ 饣 짮-
 eagle, owl  hawk, 頥 㤠    -
p. ᫨ 㤠 p 室  ⥬   ,
      p p,  믮塞
䠩    ⠪   pp 騩 -
.    pp,    p    p-
p pp p uucpz.

       p㣨 ⥬ (OTHER)

         㪠뢠 p 祭 権
 p    pp権,  p    㯮  
p    MACHINE  LOGNAME.    p,
   p, 室  ⥬   -
p  稩.    ⮬  砥      ⨯ MACHINE 
LOGNAME  ᯮ짮   p ᯥ樠쭮 
OTHER  ᫥饬 p:

     MACHINE=OTHER \
     COMMANDS=rmail:/usr/local/bin/lc \
     LOGNAME=OTHER \
     REQUEST=yes SENDFILES=yes \
     READ=/usr/spool/uucppublic \
     WRUTE=/usr/spool/uucppublic

      樨, p  ⠭  p⭮ -
p  pp権,  뢠  祭 樨 OTHER,
ᬮp     VALIDATE ᪮쪮 ᭨  ⢨.

     p ᥩ MACHINE  LOGNAME

       p ᥩ ⨯  MACHINE 
LOGNAME  ⤥쭮 ,  ᫨ 騥 樨  -
묨.  Hpp,  ᫥騥     樨
REQUEST,READ  WRITE.

                           - 11-42 -

     MACHINE=eagle:owl:hawk REQUEST=yes \
     READ=/ WRITE=/
     LOGNAME=uucpz REQUEST=yes SENDFILES=yes \
     READ=/ WRITE=/
         ꥤ ᫥騬 p:
     MACHINE=eagle:owl:hawk REQUEST=yes \
     LOGNAME=uucpz SENDFILES=yes \
     READ=/ WRITE=/

       䠩 Devices ᥩ  p⢠
       맮

      䠩  Devices  (/usr/lib/uucp/Devices)  ᮤp  -
p   p, p  ᯮ짮  -
⠭ 裡  㤠 p. ⨬ p⢠ -
 p⢠ ⮬᪮ 맮, p⢠ pאַ 裡
 ⥢ 樨.  䠩 ᭮ 易  ᮤp 䠩-
 Dialers,  Systems  Dialcodes. p 祬  
    䠩,       .
      䠩  p  
ᮮ⢥饩  p㣮 䠩.
       䠩 Devices  ᫥騩 p:
     type ttyline dialerline speed dialer-token
:
type
      ᮤp       祢 ᫮ (direct 
ACU),  p⥫ 쭮    ⥬.
ttyline
     p  p⢠ p, ᮮ⢥饣 ⮩ -
   Devices.  Hpp,  ᫨   ⮬᪨ p
p⢮    p⭮      祭      設
dev/tty1A, , 㪠뢠  ⮬ ,   tty1A.
dialerline
         p ⮫쪮  p p-
 ⨯ 801, p      ᯮ짮 -
⥫  設.  ᫨   ᯮ p p⢮
⨯ 801,   ⮬  ᫥ 㪠뢠  ᨬ-⥫  
 p (-).
speed
     뢠 ᪮p   ᪮p⥩ p⢠.  -
 ⠪ ᮤp p  ⫨  p  p
p .
dialer-token
       ᮤp p  p p  ⮪, -
  p p⠢ p p⢮  p㬥, 

                           - 11-43 -

뫠.    diler  㪠뢠   ⮬-
 p  Direct  p⢠ pאַ 裡.

      Type

         ᮤp        祢  ᫮
(direct   ACU),   p⥫ 쭮   
⥬.
Direct
      祢 ᫮  㪠뢠  p      㤠
p   p⥫  ᮥ p cu.
ACU
      祢 ᫮ 㪠뢠,    㤠 -
p ⢫ p p⢮  ⮬᪮ 맮.
   ᮥ  pאַ  訬 p, -
 p p⥫ 쭮  (LAN).
LANswitch
           p⥫  LAN.  micom  
develcom ⠢  業p 맮  䠩 Dialers.
sysname
     뢠 p    p p. (sysname
  ᮮ⢥饣 p.)    砥,
 設,  ᮮ⢥   䠩 Devices p祭
 p⭮ p, ᠭ  䠩 Systems.
     Hpp, 祢  ᫮  "gorgon"  ᯮ㥬    
Type 䠩 Devices,  p  p쨬  ᥩ 䠩
Systems.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Devices: gorgon tty1A - 1200 hayes1200
  Systems: gorgon Any ACU 1200 14087672676 \
    ogin: nuucp ssword: DontLook
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      Speed

      設⢥ 砥  p ᪮p p⢠, ᫨
   type 㪠뢠 祢 ᫮ ACU  Direct.  
 speed  ᮤp 㪢  ᪮p  (pp,  C1200,
D1200)    ⫨  ᮢ  p  p (Centrex 
Dimension BPX).  室, ..   p -
  ᪮쪮 ⨯ ⥫䮭 ⥩;     -
  㦨 ⮫쪮 p 裡,   p㣠 -
㦨  .

                           - 11-44 -

     H室 p,         ᯮ   
p 裡,    -  譥 裡. 祢 ᫮,
ᯮ㥬   speed 䠩 Devices,  p    -
p  ᥩ 䠩 Systems. Hpp,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Devices: ACU tty1A - D1200 hayes1200
  Systems: gorgon Any ACU D1200 3251 ogin: \
                 nuucp ssword: DontLook
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Hp p⢠   p   ᪮p;  
⮬ 砥  㪠뢠 Any. ᫨ 㪠뢠 Any, 設 -
 ⢥  ᪮p, p㥬   䠩 Systems.
᫨  ⮬   㪠뢠  Any        ᪮p  䠩
Systems ⠪ 㪠뢠 Any,   㬮砭 p 1200
  ᥪ.  ᫨ p⢮  p    ᪮p-
⥩,      ᪮p   㪠  p (pp,
1200-9600  D1200-9600).   p    p-
⥫, 祬 㪠 Any.

      Dialer-Token

        ᫥騩 p:
     dialer [token dialer token ...]
      pאַ  設    ⮬    p  㪠뢠 ᫮
direct  ⪠  㪠뢠.
      p⮣  ᮥ    p p⢮  
 ᮤp  p p⢠,   ⪨ ᪠-
;  㬮砭 祭   p   ⥫䮭-
 p  䠩 Systems.
      p  p  p  ⥢ -
p   ᮤp      䠩  Dialers  (pp,
develcon  milcon  ⥢ p ). p㣨 ⨯
p p  ᥩ 䠩  Dialers ᯥ稢
p   .  (ᯥ祭 p p ⨯ 801
⢫ ⥬ p ⤥ 設     -
p  p⢠.    p ᢥ .   ᠭ
䠩 Devices.) UUCP  p p⢮  筮,
᫨    稭   "/"  ᫨  믮塞
䠩   /usr/lib/uucp.

                            - 11-45 -

      ⢥ ⨯ p p⢠, 㪠뢠  -
 Dialers,  p ᫥騥 祭:

 p-        p 
 .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Direct       pﬠ 設;  p p⢠
Penril        Penril
Hayes         Hayes ( ᮢ⨬  )
Ventel        Ventel 212+
Vadic         Racal Vadic 3451
LANswitch    ⥢ p, 㪠   ⨯
Hayes1200    Hayes Smartmodem 1200
Hayes2400    Hayes Smartmodem 2400
Develcon     ⥢ p  Develcon
Micom        ⥢ p Micom
Rixon        ⥫㠫  Rixon
ATT4000      ppp㥬  ᪮p 300/1200  4000
ATT2212      ⨯ AT&T DATAPHONE II 2212C
ATT2214       ⨯ AT&T DATAPHONE II 2214
NLS          㦡 p訢 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
      襣 p p  뢠  pp
p p p  䠩 Dialers.
     pp  㦨 ᫥   筮  -
p p⢠:
     ACU ttynn - 300-2400 /usr/lib/uucp/dialHA24
      饥  p  p p⢠ ⨯ TLI  TLIS 
ᯥ祭.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      ⠫  usr/lib/uucp  饥 p ᯥ祭 ᫥-
騥 ணࠬ:

        
䠩
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

dialHA12      Hayes Smartmodem 1200  ᮢ⨬  
dialHA24      Hayes Smartmodem 2400  ᮢ⨬  
dialVA3450    Racal Vadic 3451
dialTBIT      Telebit Trailblazer
       ணࠬ p p  室  -
:  p       p  p ᢮
ᮡ⢥ p pp.  .  p "Hp 맮 
襣  p"     "p p  "
饣 p㪮⢠.

                            - 11-46 -

     ⠢ ᥩ Dialer-Token

      ᨬ  ⨯ p⢠,  ᮮ⢥饣 
dialer-token   ⠢ p p묨 ᯮᮡ:
1. p⮥ 祭 
     ᫨   ⮬᪨ p 砥 p-
⢥  p 襣 p,   dialer-token ᮮ⢥-
饩  䠩 Dialers 㤥  ⮫쪮  p  -
祭.   筮   ⮩  p      .    
ᯮ  p p⭮      䠩
Devices    䠩 Dialers.  ⥫쭮,   dialer
 p    p    ᫥饩    䠩
Dialers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Devices: ACU tty1A - 1200 ventel
  Dialers: ventel =&-% "" \r\p\r\c\ $ <K\T%%\r>\c ONLINE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     ,   ⮬ pp      dialer-token 
䠩  Devices  p⠢ ⮫쪮 ,   ⭮襭 
dialer (ventel).   砥,  token 뫠  p-
⢮  p (  砥 ⥫䮭 p), p
   Field  䠩 Systems. (p㬥 \
,  .  ,    .) p  p⭮
 p 뢠 .
2. p ᮥ
     ᫨     ⤥묨 p ⠭
pאַ ᮥ,  dialer-token ᮮ⢥饩  -
祢  ᫮ direct.   p   ⨯ ᥩ 
pאַ ᮥ, direct  sysname (, ᠭ  type).

                          - 11-46 -

3. p⥫ 쭮 
     ᫨ p,  p    ᮡp ᯮ짮 
裡  p㣨 p,  祭 p    p-
⥫  쭮 ,    ,   p  ᭠砫
   p⥫,   p⥫ 믮 -
  室  p.    ⮣ ⨯ 㪠-
뢠 ⮫쪮  p.   dialer ᯮ  p-
   䠩 Dialers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Devices: develcon tty13 - 1200 develcon \D
  Dialers: develcon "" "" \pr\ps\c est:\007 \E\D\e 007
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      ,   token 㪠뢠 祭 \D, .. -
p  䠩 Systems  p樨.  䠩 Systems 
⮣ p⭮ p 㤥 ᮤp   맮
   phone;   筮 ppp  ⥫䮭 p
p (.  ᠭ 䠩 Systems,   phone). 祭
\D   砥,      ᮤp     phone    㤥  -
ppp  p쭠   䠩 Dialcodes.

                            - 11-47 -

4. , p塞  p⥫ 쭮 
     ᫨   ⮬᪨ p 祭  p-
⥫ 쭮 ,  p  ᭠砫  -
  p⥫,    p⥫  믮    
  ⮬᪨ p.   ⮣ ⨯ 室
㪠뢠  p dialer-token.    dialer 
p  (⮥    ᥤ쬮   ) 㤥 ᯮ짮 
p  ﬨ  䠩 Dialers.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Devices: ACU tty14 - 1200 develcon vent ventel
  Dialers: develcon  "" "" \pr\ps\c est:\007 \E\D\e 007
             ventel =&-% "" "" \r\p\r\c $<K\T%%\r>c ONLINE!
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      p p develcon    p⥫,    vent
㪠뢠   ,   p  뫠    p⥫
develcon,  ⮡ ᮮ ,   p⢮ ᮥ 
襬 p.     p⥫ LAN
    㭨쭮,  ..     p⥫   
p  p. ᫨ 祭  ventel 믮-
,  p 롮p p p,   ventel 
p p⢮,   롨p  䠩 Systems.
     騥  p㯯   p騬   
ᯮ짮   dialer-token ᫥騬 p:

\T  뢠,     Phone      ⮩ ⠤ p-
    p   䠩 Dialcodes.  p p-
      筮  頥   䠩 Dialers   業p
    맮, p     ⮬᪨ -
    p (penril,  ventel,  ..). p  㤥 믮-
       p,   㤥 祭 業p 맮.

\D  뢠,   Phone   p᫨p    -
      䠩  Dialcodes.  ᫨    䠩 Devices
    p p㯯  㪠뢠,  p 祭  業p
    맮   㬮砭  p \D (p ᠬ -
     ᮤp \T  p樨 p). 祭 \T p-
       p pp  pp p,  -
    p  p (..   쭥襬 㦥    㤥
     p᫨p p).

                            - 11-48 -

    ᯮ짮  p  祭  뫪
                   맮

        뫠  맮   -
 맮    ⮩  設    몫祭/祭
設  ⥬ ᪠ ᯥ樠쭮 pᨨ pp getty. ,
 p  ⮣ ⮨  p     ⮩
設  䠩 Devices ( 室  ),  ⥬   /etc
/inittab ( 맮  )  ⮩  設.   
p      設  맮  p p塞
p,  getty ᪠ ᯥ樠 pp,  uuchat,  p
⮬᪨ p樠p p  p襭 맮 -
. uuchat ᯮ ᯥ樠 業p, ᠭ  䠩-
 Dialers, 稭騩   pᠭ.  砥, 
 ᠬ   p p p    -
.  Hpp p p⢮   Hayes Smartmodem
2400  (  ᮢ⨬    )  ⮨       ᥩ:
hayes2400   &hayes2400,  ᫥  p ᯮ 
p樠樨 p塞 p  p  맮  .  
砥  ᯮ짮 pp  맮  /usr/lib/uucp
 pp ⮬᪨ 뢠  㪠⥫ -h, p
뢠 p樠  맮 .

                            - 11-49 -

     樠 樨 p UUCP

      ⮬  p 뢠 ᪮쪮 権,  ᯮ㥬
 ᯥ樠쭮 p,  p  設⢥ 砥  -
pp.

      p p  䠩 Dialers

      Dialers  (/usr/lib/uucp/Dialers)  㪠뢠 砫쭮
pp,  p  믮  設 p,  祬
  ⠭  ⮢    p .   pp
筮 p⠢ ᮡ ᫥⥫쭮 業p    
ASCII,  p  p  ,   p  -
   p ⥫䮭 p   -
p p⢠  ASCII (,  pp,     ⮬-
᪨ 맮).
      ,  ᯮ㥬   맮 ,  ⠪ 
 p   ,  p p  
Dialers.   p室  ⮬ 砥,  p p-
樠 設   p ᫥ ⮣    p-
⠥  p .  ⮣ p   p
 稭  pᠭ. Hpp, 䠩 Dialers ᮤp
 hayes2400  &hayes2400.
        p  pp, ⮥   -
  䠩  Devices  p⠢ ᮡ   䠩 Dialers
 ⨯ ᯥ樠쭮  (pp,  801). p ⮬ 
⪠ p ⮥  䠩 Devices  p  
 䠩 Dialers.  p ⮣,   ⭮   
Devices, 稭饥  ᥤ쬮 樨 ᯮ  ⢥
  䠩 Dialers.  ᫨ p 稢 ᯥ-
,  䠩 Dialers ppp  믮 ᮣ-
ᮢ  ⮢ .    䠩 Dialers -
 ᫥騩 p:
     dialer substitutions expect-send ...
      dialer  p    ⥫묨 ﬨ
 묨 p 䠩 Devices.   substitutions  p-
⠢ ᮡ p pp; p   p -
 pp  p   p. 筮  p-
  pp  =  -  ,   p 
p p⢠  ⢥ " ⢥"  "".
     ⠢襥   expect-send     p.
H p p祭 p  p, ⠢-
  ⮬ UUCP  ⠢ 䠩 Dialers.

                            - 11-50 -

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          䠩 Dialers
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

penril   =W-p "" \d>s\p9\c)-W\p\r\ds\p9\c-) y\c : \E\TP>9\c OK
ventel   =&-% "" r\p\r\c $ <K\T%%\r>\c ONLINE!
hayes    ='-' "" \dAT\r\c OK\r \EATDT\T\r\c CONNECT
rixon    =&-% "" d\r\r\c $ s9\c)-W\r\ds9\c-)s\c:\T\r\c $ 9\c LINE
vadiac   =K-K "" \005\p *-\005\p-* D\p BER? E\T\e \r\c LINE
develcon "" "" \pr\ps\c est:\007 \E\D\e \007
micom    ""   "" \s\c NAME? \D\r\c GO
direct
att2212c =+-' "" \r\c :-: ato12=y,T\T\r\c\ red
att4000  ='-' "" \033\r\r\c DEM: \033s0401\c \006 \033s0901\c \
      \006 \033s1001\c \006 \033s1102\c \006 \033dT\T\r\c \006
nls       ""    "" NLPS:000:001:1\N\c
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     H p 祭 p  p  ᫥-
⥫쭮⥩,  稭   "\",  p ᯮ 
 䠩 Dialers:

\p    㧠 (p⥫쭮  1/4  1/2 ᥪ).
\d    p ( pp  2 ᥪ).
\D    䮭 p  ,  p
      pp   䠩 Dialcodes.
\T    䮭 p  , p ppe
        䠩 Dialcodes.
\K    祭 BREAK.
\E    p襭  pp ⢥ () ( 
      p  p).
\e    몫祭 pp ⢥ ().
\r     p p⪨.
\       p  p p⪨.
\n    뫪 p  p.
\nnn  뫪 쬥p筮 ᫠ nnn.

     ⥫ p騥 ,  p  ᯮ짮-
  ⮬ 䠩,  p᫥   p    ᠭ  䠩
Systems.
      penril  䠩 Dialers (.  ) 믮 ᫥-
騬 p:  ᭠砫 pp ⥫䮭 p  -
   =  W ( ⮭쭮 p)   
   -  P (㧠).  ⠢  p p⠥
᫥騬 p:

                            - 11-51 -

""   祣. ( p, p室  p⪥ ᫥-
    饣 ).
\d  p  祭 2 ᥪ.
>    >.
s\p9\c
    뫪 S,  㧠 ⥫쭮 1/2 ᥪ  뫪 9  -
    筮   p.
)-W\p\r\ds\p9\c-)
     ).  ᫨        㯠,   믮
    p⪠ p   "-" ᫥騬 p.  -
    뫠 W,  㧠,  뫪   p  p⪨,  -
    p,  뫪 㪢 s6 㧠,  뫪 9   
    p,  ⥬  ).
y/c 뫪 y.
:    :.
\E\TP
    ⠭ p -pp. (H稭  ⮣  -
        p,  㤥 ⠭ 
    ⢥p 祭 ,      ⮬  p
    p⪨  p.) ⥬ 뫠 ⥫䮭 p.  \
    砥,   ⥫䮭 p,  p    ⢥
    p㬥,  ᫥ pp   䠩 Dialcodes
     㭪樨 p樨 ,  㪠   2 ⮩ -
    . ⥬ 뫠 P.
>    >.
9\c 뫪 9    p.
OK   p OK.

    p Dialcodes  p 쭮 䠩 Systems

      Dialcodes (/usr/lib/uucp/Dialcodes) ᮤp ᮪p-
    p,  p  ᯮ짮   phone
䠩 Systems.   p⢮ p祭  p p 
,    p ⠭p 䠩 Systems, p-
祭  ppp p ᪮쪨  ⮢, 
p  ⥫䮭  ⥬  㣮p .   ⠪ 
䠩 Dialcodes p⭮   易⥫   設-
⢠ ⮢.
      맮 ᯮ   ⤥  ⥩  p
p, p ᯥ䨪 ⥫䮭 ⠭樨. Hpp, -
  㤠     ⮢  -
,   p묨 p (묨) ⥫䮭묨 ⥬-

                            - 11-52 -

 (  p "9"   ⮭ p   -
⥫쭮  p,   p㣨   p)  
 ᮢ⭮ ᯮ짮  䠩 Systems,     ᢮
㠫   䠩 Dialcodes.   ᥩ -
 ᫥騩 p:
     abb dial-seq

abb      pp, ᯮ㥬  䠩 Systems.
dial-seq  ᫥⥫쭮, p p  -
      p⢮ p 롮p ᮮ⢥饩  䠩
     Systems.
           p  p  
phone  䠩 Systems   jt7867 ᫥騬 p:
     jt 9=847-
     ᫨ p砥 ,  ᮤp  jt7867,    p
p⢮   (p   ᫮,        token    p
dialer-token p⠢  \T)  뫠 ᫥-
 :
     9=847-7867
     䮭 p  ⠢  易⥫쭮 㪢
pp   p  .  Hpp,  ᫨  ᯮ
pp,    ⢥    㪠뢠    䠩
Dialcodes.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Systems:   eagle Any ACU D1200 NY3251 ogin: nuucp \
  Dialcodes: NY 9=1212555
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      ⮬ p  p⢠ (=) 㪠뢠 ACU  ⠭-
  p筮 ⮭쭮 맮,  p 祬  p-
 p ⠫ p.  p  p 㪠뢠 ACU  -
室  p p p p.  ᫮  ᥪ㭤
 p p p   p.  (Hpp,  2
ᥪ  Hayes, 5 -  Vadic).

                            - 11-53 -

.te1p 䠩 Devconfig

      /usr/lib/uucp/Devconfig  ᮤp ᯮ, 
 p ⠭  p  筨  p  
⮪ ᭮, p c⢥ pᯮp⭮ p䥩-
 AT&T (TI).
        Devconfig  뢠 㫨 STREAMS,  p
 ᯮ짮  p⭮ p⢥ TI.   䠩
Devconfig  ᫥騩 p:
     service=x device=y push=z[:z...]
        ⢥ x  㪠뢠 cu,  uucico    
p㣮,  ⤥ 稥;  y      TI  
 ᮢ   䠩 Devices;  z  -
 ⮪ 㫥  ⮬ p浪,   p   -
  ⮪.  㦡 cu  uucico  㪠뢠 p
㫨  pp.
     H     ⮬ 䠩  p ᫥騥
:
     service=cu     device=STARLAN push=ntty:tirdwr:ld0
     service=uucico device=STARLAN push=ntty:tirdwr:ld0
      ⮬ pp  ⥪ 頥 ntty,tirdwr,  ⥬ ld0.
 Devconfig     ⨫ uuinstall. -
      ᮤp ⮣ 䠩,   室
ᯮ짮   ⥪⮢ pp UNIX, pp vi(C).

     p p⨢ p 䠩 p Sysfiles

      /usr/lib/uucp/Sysfiles    p
䠩,  p   ᯮ짮 㦡 cu  uucp  -
⢥ 䠩 Systems, Devices  Dialers.  砨,  -
   p:

*       p  䠩 Systems;  p ⮬
   p  p 㦡 pp樨 (login)  p-
     pᠬ, ⫨  㦡 UUCP.
*     p 䠩 Dialers  p
   p p⮢ pp p  cu  uucp.
*       ᪮쪨  䠩  Systems,
   Devices    Dialers.  ⤥ 䠩 Systems  
   ᫨誮 訬   㤮      p
     ᪮쪮 䠩 襣 pp.

                            - 11-54 -

      Sysfiles  ᫥騩 p:
     service=w systems=x:x dialers=y:y devices=z:z
 w  cu, uucico   ⥬  p㣨 p 稥;
x    ᪮쪨  䠩, ᯮ㥬 
⢥ 䠩 Systems, p ⤥ ﬨ  -
    㪠 p浪;  y    ᪮쪨
 䠩,  ᯮ㥬  ⢥ 䠩 Dialers;  z -
   ᪮쪨  䠩, ᯮ㥬  -
⢥ 䠩 Devices.  ᫨   㯠  䠩  㪠-
뢠,          䠩  ⠥  p騬
⠫ /usr/lib/uucp.   ⢥    p室    
p    ᯮ짮 ᫥⥫쭮  p⭮
 p  p p⪨ (\<CR>).
H p pp ᯮ짮 쭮
䠩 Systems    筮 䠩 Systems:
     service=uucico:cu systems=Systems:Local_Systems
     ᫨  室  䠩  /usr/lib/uucp/Sysfiles,    
#cu,    uucico  ᭠砫 ᪠  /usr/lib/uucp/Systems.
᫨ ⥬, p  ⠥ 맢,  ⮬ 䠩 
 ,   䠩 ᯮp祭,    ⥬ p-
  䠩 /usr/lib/uucp/Sysfiles.
     ᫨   㦡 uucici  cu p ⤥ 䠩,  
襬 p  p  p ᯨ᪠  Systems.  
  uuname   뢥 ᯨ᮪ uucico,   -
 uuname -c - ᯨ᮪ cu.

      pp  uucico

     ⥫쭮     ᯥ樠-
p  pp  pp  uucico    室
pp樨 室 pp.  (pp uucico ⠢-
  㯠 , ⮬     adb(CP) -
 p .  ⮣ p   ⥬
p⪨.)  p      pp 뢠 windows 
㪠뢠 pp , p  ᯮ짮  p⮪-
 ᪮饣 .  (稭, 㪠뢠,   ⮢
 ᫠   pp,  p  祬    -
p  pᯮ/pᯮ  㤠 .)
pp windows   ⥬  ᫥ p
adb,   p ⠭ 祭  windows, p 7:
     adb -w uucico << ADB_EOF
     $d
     _windows/w 7
     $q
     ADB_EOF

                            - 11-55 -

     p ⮣,    pp pktimw.  - p 
ᥪ, p uucico  , p 祬  p
p p .  p  ⨣ 35
ᥪ,         䨭ᮢ ⭮襭 p
p p 㭠p ⥫䮭  .  pp  pktime
  ⥬  ᫥ p adb.   p-
 pp pp pktime ⠭ 祭 5.
     adb -w uucico << ADB_EOF
     $d
     _pktimey/w 5
     $q
     ADB_EOF

       室  ⥬ ⭮ 

     ᫨  襩 ⥬ 砥 ,    㤠-
 pᯮ,  믮 p   ᯥ樠쭮  業p
remote.unknown.    ppp  p  p
ᮥ.  ᫨   ⠪ "" ⠬  -
    ⥬,     p 㯠  ⮬
䠩 ⠪ p,     ᬮ 믮  襩 -
⥬   ⥬ ⠭ p  p  . 
⢫ ⮣  ᫥騥 ,  p 
믮 p 室  ⥬ p root:
     cd /usr/lib/uucp
     chmod 000 remote.unknown

      ⮢ Micnet   UUCP

      p  ⥬ UUCP  襩  Micnet 믮
᫥騥 ⢨:

     1.   䠩 maliases 襣 p,   p
⠭ ⥬ UUCP ᫥ :
     uucp:

     2.   p  襩 p   
maliases ᫥ :
     uucp:machine-name
      machine-name    p,   p ⠭
⥬ UUCP.     p    ⠪  -
짮   p,   ⥬ UUCP.

                            - 11-56 -

         pp   ᢮   ⥬  UUCP  뫪  
p  p⪮ 쬠 ᠬ ᥡ  ᯮ짮
p p㣮 . Hpp, ᫨  室  
 chicago      ⥬    p㣮    
micnet     seattle,   p 믮 ᫥饩 
쬮 뫠  seattle,  ⥬ p頥 襬
  chicago ,  ,  짮⥫ johnd  襩 
micnet.
     mail seattle!chicago!johnd
     ⬥⨬,  ⥬ UUCP 筮 믮 ᢮   
⠭  裡   ᭮ 䬪p p  
 p  쬮 .

                            - 11-57 -

     pp 襩 ⥬ UUCP

      饬  p  pᬠp  p 
pp,  p ᯮ  믮 p⨢-
 㭪権  ᮯp UUCP.  祭  ᢥ
    pp    ᫥  -
   p " pp  ᮯp".
p ⮣,  ⥫   ⮬ p    
pp ᠭ p祣 ⠫ /usr/spool/uucp   ᯥ-
樠쭮  p ,  饭   p⥩.

     p 裡  p㣨 ⥬

     p   UUCP   p⮬ ᫮
⢨        業p        pp
uudemon.hour  uudemon.pool  pp uusched  cron.  ᫥-
饬 ᯨ᪥ 뤥  㠫  裡    ⨬
pp      ᠭ   ᮢ⭮ p p -
p :

*  pp uusched p ⠢  p p  
   p祬 ⠫,  롨p 砩 p p冷,   -
   p  뢠 㤠 p  ⮣,  -
    饭  uucico.
*  業p  pp uudemon.hour  ᪠ p
   䠩    믮 uusched.
*   ᢮ p 業p uudemon.hour  ᪠ pp
   cron,  p  pp  䠩        楫
   p p  믮.
*   砥   pᮬ (뢠  ) pp  cron
   뢠  業p  uudemon.pool    p p稩
   䠩, 饭  業p uudemon.hour.

     p p  짮⥫᪮ p cron   -
 pᬠp 䠩 /usr/spool/cron/tabs  ᪠ ᥩ
 믮  ⥪騩 .   pp -
,      p⮩ cron(C)   뢠-
묨    業pﬨ  uudemon,     ⠪      p㣨,
uudemon.admin uudemon.clean, p pᬠp .

                            - 11-58 -

      ⨢樨    䠩-p crontab.
eg.  pp ⥬  ᪮p     ⠫
/usr/lib/uucp  ⠫ /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/uucp.   -
 ⮣   ⥬  ⢥  짮⥫ uucp,
pp 䠩 crontab.eg,  ᫨ 室 - -
,  ⥬  :
     crontab crontab.eg
      p 室  crontab 㤥 .

  ⠫ UUCP pp  稥 p

     業p  pp uudemon.hour 믮 ᫥-
饥:
*  뢠 pp  uusched    ᪠   ⠫ 饣
   짮 p 䠩 (C.),  p   p뢠-
     p p  䠩  㤠 p.
*  뢠  uuxqt  ᪠  ⠫ 饣 짮-
    믮塞 䠩 (.),  p 뫨  p    
   p   뫨 믮    p.
     p   㬮砭  p   䠩 crontab
 uudemon.hour  :
     39,9 * * * * /usr/lib/uucp/uudemon.hour > /dev/null
      業p ᪠    ( 39   9  
 ).   p,    믮 
 ,  ᫨      p⥩
㤥 ᮪.

      p  pᮬ

      㯮  p pᬮp ᨢ ⥬  䠩
System,  ⠪ p  㤠 ,  
  㤥 㯠 맮,   p    -
 p   p.   㦤 
p  (pooling),  p  p  p㣨   p᪨
p訢 (pp  稥   p権)   -
 믮 .
      Poll  (/usr/lib/uucp/Poll)  ᮤp  p  
㤠 p,  p  p p.   -
 䠩 Poll ᮤp  㤠 p   맮,
 p 㪠뢠  ⠡樨 (p pp)  
 ,   p  p   뢠.  
㪠뢠   楫᫥ p  0  23.
      䠩 Poll  ᫥騩 p:

                            - 11-59 -

     sysname<TAB>hour ...
     Hpp,   ᫥饩  㪠뢠 p p
gordon  p :
     gorgon 0 4 8 12 16 20
     業p uudemon.poll p pᮬ    ᠬ  
p    믮.    p  p  䠩 p
(C.sysnxxxx)  ⠫ /usr/spool/uusp/nodename,   nodename
  p.  䠩  ᢮ p ᪠-
   p騪   (      uudemom.hour).   業p
uudemom.pool p  p    p⢥-
 p uudemom.hour,  ⠪ p p稥 䠩 p  맮
uudemom.hour   㦥 室  ⮬ ⠫. p
 㬮砭 p  䠩  crontab    uudemon.pool
 :
     1,30 * * * * /usr/lib/uucp/uudemon.pool > /dev/null"

     ⮬⨧p 㦨

      ⠢ p樨 UUCP 室  pp ,
pᯮ  䠩-p /usr/lib/uucp/crontab.eg, p
 ᪮p  ⠫  /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/root  
祭   .     ⮬᪨ 믮-
 p p⨢  㭪樨.  業p  
pp 室  ⠫ /usr/lib/uucp.

     uudemon.admin

     業p    pp  uudemon.admin  믮
᫥饥:

*  ᪠  uustat  ﬨ -p  -q.  -q 뢮
     ﭨ p 䠩 (.),  䠩  (.D) 
   믮塞 䠩 (.X),  ⠢  p  p-
   .    -p  뢮  p  p⪥  ⥢
   pᮢ,     p᫥          䠩      p
   (/usr/spool/locks).
*    p  뫠 祭 p 
   ﭨ pp UUCP (uucp).

     p  㬮砭 p    䠩  crontab
 uudemon.admin  :
     48 10,14 * * 1 - 5 /bin/su uucp -c \
      "/usr/lib/uucp/uudemon.admin"> /dev/null

                            - 11-60 -

uudemon.clean

     業p    pp  uudemon.clean  믮
᫥饥:
*  롨p 䠩 pp樨  㠫 p 
   ⠫ /usr/spool/.Log, ꥤ   頥  ⠫
   /usr/spool/.Old      p祩   p   p樨   
   pp樨.  ᫨ 䠩 pp樨 ⠭ ᫨誮 -
   訬, 室 㢥 ulimit.
*   p稥 䠩  (.C)  7-      
   p,  䠩    (.D)  7-     
   p  믮塞 䠩 (.X) 2-   
   p  ⠫ 饣 짮.
*     p    뫠  pp UUCP
   (uucp) p  ﭨ,    ⥪騩 .

筮 ᮯp

     Hp 䠩  㢥稢 ᨬ  ⥫-
 UUCP  p㣨 ⥢ 㦡.  ᫥騥  䠩-
,  p   p᪨ pp   㤠,  ᫨
 ⠭ pp 訬:

/usr/adm/sulog
      ⮬ 䠩 p p 믮   -
pp   ⥬.              uudemon  䠩
/usr/cron/root ᯮ  su, sulog  p 㤥
㢥稢.    㤠  䠩, ᫨  ⠭
᫨誮 訬.

/usr/lib/cron/log
      ⮬ 䠩 pp ⥫쭮 cron. 稢
 p p,   ⮬᪨ ᥪ,  ᫨  ⥬
p室  짮⥫᪨ p.

祭 ⮢  pp樨 p ᯮ짮 UUCP:uulog

     pp uulog 뢮 p樨  pp樨 p p-
  ⥬ UUCP p⭮ 㤠 p.  ᯮ짮-
  pp UUCP,  uuto  uux 䨪p  ᯥ樠
䠩 pp樨,     p.

                            - 11-61 -

樨 uulog

      uulog  ᫥騥 樨:

      ᠭ
-fsystem     뢮 ᫥   
             pp樨 p 䠩 system.
-ssystem     뢮 p  p 䠩
             system.
-x           뢮 䠩 pp樨 uuxqt
               ⥬.
-number      뢠 -number p, p 
             뢮  樨 -f.

     Hpp,    뢮   ᫥      p  䠩
pp樨 p 䠩 chicago 室  :
     uulog -fchicago -10

     樠 䠩 uulog

      p 믮 pp uulog pp 䠩 
᫥ ⠫:

  ⠫   ᠭ
usr/spool/uucp/.Log/uucico/*
              ⠫, ᯮ㥬  pᮢ pp
              UUCP.
usr/spool/uucp/.Log/uuxqt/*
              ⠫, ᯮ㥬  pᮢ pp
              uuxqt.

                            - 11-62 -

     ⠫ 饣 짮 UUCP

     H  ᦠ⮥   祭    䠩  
⠫   ⠫  饣  짮  UUCP.    䠩
p   ⠫  饣  짮    p
pp,  p  p  ,  p p樨 
p 䠩 㤠 ⠬  㤠 믮 -
.

TM.(p 䠩 )
      䠩  p p 믮    UUCP  
⠫  饣 짮 ( , /usr/spool/uucp/system)
p 祭 䠩  p㣮 p. ⠫ system 
   ,    㤠 p,  p 뫠 䠩.
 p 䠩   ᫥騩 p:
     2TM.pid.ddd
      pid  䨪p p,   ddd ᫥-
⥫ p姭 p,  p 稭  0.
     ᫨ 㯠 楫 䠩,     , 㪠 
䠩  C.sysnxxxx (p pᬠp ),  p뫠
䠩  TM.pid.ddd,  p  맢  p.  ᫨   p⪠
p쭮  p蠥,  䠩 TM.pid.ddd    -
⠫ system.   䠩  ⮬᪨ 㤠   -
 uuclean.

LCK.(䠩 p)
      p       p                ⠫
/usr/spool/uucp/system      ᯮ㥬 p⢠.
 p pp p pp   -
p ⪨ ᯮ짮   ⮣  p⢠ -
.  䠩 p  ᫥騩 p:
     2LCK..str
      str     p⢠,    p.
  䠩  ⠢  ⠫ 饣 짮, ᫨
  p뢠 (筮 - p  -
p).  p  pp (㤠) ᫥
⮣,   p⥫᪨ p p⠥   ⨢.  
p   ᮤp   䨪p  p,    p
p 䠩 p.  p ᥣ  
ᯮ짮  䨪  ""  (p   p ),  
p 祣 pp  䫨,  ᫨ 
   設 () ᯮ  p p p ,
 p p  .  Hpp,  p  /dev/tty1A
  LCK..tty1a.

                            - 11-63 -

C.(p稩 䠩)
     稥 䠩  p    ⠫ 饣 짮,
᫨  p  p  㤠 p ⠢ -
  p (p 䠩  믮   㤠-
  p).    p  䠩     ᫥騩
p:
     2C.sysnxxxx
      sys   㤠 p,  n -  
 ASCII,  p⠢騩 p (pp) p,   xxxx  -
p姭  p浪 p,  pᢠ ⥬ UUCP.
稥 䠩 ᮤp ᫥ p:

*     㯠  뫠  p訢 䠩-
   .
*     㯠   祭   짮-
   ⥫/䠩.
*  p樮  짮⥫.
*  ᮪ 権.
*   ᮮ⢥饣 䠩   ⠫ 饣 짮-
   .   ᫨   㪠뢠      uucp  -c    uuto  -p,
   ᯮ 䨪⨢  (D.0).
*   p 室 䠩.
*  p樮  㤠 짮⥫, p  
   ⬥  砭 p 䠩.

D.(䠩   p樮 䠩)
       p,  ᫨   p 㪠뢠-
  p 室 䠩  ⠫ 饣 짮.
 䠩   ᫥騩 p:
     2D.systmxxxxyyy
      systm  p,  ⠢    p  
    㤠  p,  xxxx  -  p姭
p浪  p  ,  pᢠ  uucp.    p
p  p   㪠뢠 p , yyy,
p ᯮ,   p祣 䠩 (C.) ᯮ-
 ᪮쪮 䠩  (D.).

X.(믮塞 䠩)
     믮塞 䠩 p  ⠫ 饣 짮
p 믮   㤠 p.  믮-
塞 䠩  ᫥騩 p:
     2X.sysnxxxx

                            - 11-64 -

      sys   㤠 p,  n -  
  ASCII,  p⠢騩 p (pp) p,   xxxx -
p姭 p浪 p,  pᢠ ⥬  UUCP.
믮塞t 䠩 ᮤp ᫥ p:

*  p樮  樠p p   p.
*   ( ) 䠩,  믮.
*  室 , p  p  ⢥
   ⠭p⭮  p 믮 .
*   p  䠩  祭  ⠭p⭮
   뢮 p 믮 .
*   p.
*  p 権  pᮢ p 
   ﭨ.

                            - 11-65 -

                 

     뢠  p楤p p祭  p襭 
p, p   p p UUCP.

     pp pᯮᮡ ⮬᪮ p
                p⢠/

       ᯮᮡ pp p쭮 p ⮬-
᪨ p p  :

*  ⥬ ᪠ uustat -q.   뢠  ⠭-
    p稭 p襭 ⠪⮢.
*  ⥬ ᪠ cu -x9 -lline.   p ⪨
   믮 p樨 ᯮ짮 p 設   뢮
   ⫠ p.  ⨬,    ﭨ 
   p   p p  ⢨ 
     pp襭 ⮫쪮 ⥬,       
   䠩 Devices.

     pp 䠩 Systems

     ᫨       p p ⠭ 裡  -
 p,  㡥,   p  襬  䠩
Systems    p.    ,  p    
p:
*  䮭 p
*  p樮 
*  p

                            - 11-66 -

     ⫠筠 p

     ᫨      ﭨ ⠭ ⠪  p
p,     uutry  uucp pp  
⨬ p.  ⮣ 믮 ᫥饥:

     1. ⠭   ⠪       ᫥饩  
p:
     /usr/lib/uucp/uutry -r machine
      machine   p,  p 裡    -
p  p.   믮 ᫥饥:
*  ᪠  p (uucico)  p ⫠. ᫨  
     root,   㤥  ⫠ p 
   襬 ꥬ.
*  Hp 室  ⫠  /tmp/machine.
*  뢮 ⫠      p  (tail  -f). 
   pp饭 뢮 室   DEL.
       ᪮p 뢮  ⠫ /tmp/machine, ᫨
  p  쭥襣 .
     2. ᫨    uutry  p  㤠,
⠩ ⠢   p   ᫥饩 -
:
     uucp -r #file machine!/dir/file
      file    䠩,  p   p-
,  machine   p,  p 室
ᤥ  p,    dir/file   p ⠫
p㣮 p (㤠 믮 p).  -r -
頥   p  樠樨 ᠬ p.
     3. ᫥ ⮣ p 믮 uutry. ᫨  p-
      p  p,  맮  㦨騩
pᮭ.  p 室  ⫠;    p-
 p ⨪ 訡.

     pp  p樨

      ᪮쪮  ,         p   
pp ᭮  裡:

uuname
     ᯮ    뢮 ᯨ᪠  p, 
  p묨 믮 p.
uulog
     ᯮ    뢮  ᮤp  ⠫
pp権  ⤥ .

                            - 11-67 -

uucheck -v
     ᪠    pp  䠩  -
,  室  uucp. p ⮣,   pp
䠩 Permissions  뢮      㯠,  -
p  ⠭.

                            - 11-68 -

     p ⥢ p   pp㧪

      ⥬ UUCP   p,  ᫨    -
- p稭 p pp뢠 裡,   ᫨ -
  p⠥   p  USENET      ⥬  
ᮥ  ᪮쪨 ⥬,  UUCP  p⢮ ᠬ-
⠭. ᫨  襩 ⥬ UUCP ᯮ , 
 ⮬ p   ᭥,   pp,  -
⥬  ⠭,   p   p -
p ﭨ   ᭮ ⥫.

     p ⠫  ⢨ 

     業p uudemon.clean  p⠢ ᮡ 訬 ᯮᮡ
pp饭 pp  ⠫ 饣 짮-
   UUCP.     p,  ᪮쪮    ᪮
pp⢮,  ᯮ㥬  UUCP,  ᫥  p  
du(C):
     du /usr/spool/uucp /usr/spool/uucppublic
        ᪥,  ᯮ㥬   ⥪騩   
⠫, 뢮  512- .   -
      pp  .
     業p uudemon.admin  uudemon.clean   让  ⥯
  p⠬ p     
uucp.   室 p᪨  pp      䠩
p .

     饭 ᮢ p⪨

      ⥬    訬  ꥬ ⥢ p  
  ᮮ饭  訡,  㪠뢠饥    ᫨誮
讥  ⢮  pᮢ.  ᫨    ᯮ  
ps(C),     p  ⢥  믮塞
pᮢ  uucici  uuxqt.    ⠭   
᫮  pᮢ,   ᮮ⢥騥     
Maxuuscheds  Maxuuxqts  ⠫ /usr/lib/uucp.

     業 ⥯ p ⠫

     ᫨ 짮⥫ ⠭,   UUCP  -
 ,   ⠫ 饣 짮  p묨 -
,  ⠪    室饩  pp
p稭 ⠪ p.  UUCP  筮 ⢮
ᮮ饭  訡  䠩 pp樨,   -
 p稭  p ᮧ .

                            - 11-69 -

*   祭 p ⥢ p   ⥬
   ᭮ ᫥ ᯮ짮   uulog(ADM). p
   p ⮩    p "祭 ⮢
    pp樨 p ᯮ짮 UUCP:  uulog".  饭 
   訡,      Admin/errors 뢠 訡
   ⨯ ASSERT. 筮   ⭮襭  p  䠩-
    ⥬.
*   祭 p樨  ﭨ ,  室 
   ⥪騩   p ᫥ ᯮ짮  uustat
   -q.   㪠뢠 ⠪ ᫮ 㤠 ⮪ ᮥ-
   .
     饭  訡   p  "饭  
訡  UUCP 饩 .   ᮮ饭 ᮯp
ᠭ ⢨  p 訡.

                            - 11-70 -

      pp UUCP

      饬   p  p      p
pp ⥬ UUCP  䠩  .

     pp 1: ⥬ gomer

      ⠢ ᫥饩 ⥬ (gomer) 室:

*    ᪮p 1200   tty4B.
*  pאַ ᮥ  ⥬ (poker)  tty4D,
   p祭 ⮫쪮  室  .
*   p ⨬ 室  ⥬:
   nuucp  p 饣 짮  p .
          p  p.
   ubarn  p  p   ⥬ (poker).
   upay4  筠 pp  p   p
          䠩.

      p, 稭騥   #,  p-
    易⥫.   設⢥ pp p ⮫쪮
 pᯥ⮪   ᮤp p㣨 . Micnet  -
⠭.  ᭠砫 ⢥砥  ᪮p 2400 ,  ⥬
p  맮   p 䠩.

etc/passwd
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|uucp:NOLGIN:4:4:Uucp admin:/usr/lib/uucp:
|nuucp::201:4:public:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
|npay4:*:202:4:private:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
|nbarn:*:203:4:poker:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
+---------------------------------------------------------------

                            - 11-71 -

etc/group
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|uucp:x:4:uucp,nuucp,ubarn,upay4
+---------------------------------------------------------------

etc/systemid
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|gomer
|gomer
+---------------------------------------------------------------

etc/inttab
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|t4B:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty4B m
|t4b:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty4b m
|t4D:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty4D m
|t4d:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty4d m
+---------------------------------------------------------------

usr/lib/uucp/Devices
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|#  ⨯ hayes  ⮩ 1200   p  
|#  300  1200 
|#   pאַ ᮥ tty4b  ᯮ짮 cu
|ACU     tty4B - 300-1200 dialHA12
|Direct  tty4b - 300-1200 dialHA12
|poker   tty4d - 9600     direct
+---------------------------------------------------------------

                            - 11-72 -

usr/lib/uucp/Permissions
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|#  pp uucp ⮫쪮  
|# p蠥 뫠 , p 䠩    
|# uucppublic   pᯥ ᮤp ⠫ (ls)
|LOGNAME=nuucp  MACHINE=OTHER \
|      COMMANDS=rmail:ls  \
|      READ=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/tmp \
|      WRITE=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/tmp \
|      SENDFILES=yes  REQUEST=yes
|# 筠 pp uucp    p 䠩.
|# 쪮 dingbat, ogre, grinch, ...  ᯮ짮  ⮩
|# pp樨
|LOGNAME=uucpbig VALIDATE=dingbat:ogre:grinch:gomer:blitzen \
|      COMMANDS=rmail:ls:uucp:who:uux  \
|      READ=/  WRITE=/  \
|      NOREAD=/etc  \
|      SENDFILES=yes  REQUEST=yes
|# 쭮  祭  gomer
|# ⮩ pp樥  짮 ⮫쪮 gomer
|LOGNAME=ubarn VALIDATE=gomer \
|      COMMANDS=ALL \
|      READ=/  WRITE=/  \
|      SENDFILES=yes  REQUEST=yes
+---------------------------------------------------------------

usr/lib/uucp/Systems
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|#  맮
|dingbat Any ACU 1200 4444444 ogin:-BREAK-ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \
|  uubig word: wetrot
|# 쭥 pﭨ (맮 ⮫쪮  p p)
|grinch Any1800-0700 ACU 2400 1888888 "" \r ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \
|   -BREAK-ogin:nuucp
|unnet Any1800-0700 ACU 2400 170311111111 ogin:-BREAK-ogin:  \
|   -BREAK-ogin:xytpq sword: grm5q
|# ⥬, p 뢠  nuucp ( ),  H
|#  室  
| daboss Never
| sales Never
| guru2 Never
+---------------------------------------------------------------

                            - 11-73 -

     pp 1: ⥬ dingbat

      ⠢ ᫥饩 ⥬ (dingbat) 室:

*    ᪮p 2400   tty1A.
*    ⨬ pp樨 uucp:
   nuucp  p 饣 짮  p .
          p  p.
   uubig  筠 pp  p   p
          䠩.
      p, 稭騥   #,  p-
  易⥫.   設⢥ pp  p  ⮫쪮
 pᯥ⮪   ᮤp p㣨 . Micnet H -
⠭.  ᭠砫 ⢥砥  ᪮p 2400 ,  ⥬
p  맮   p 䠩.

etc/passwd
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|uucp:NOLGIN:4:4:Uucp admin:/usr/lib/uucp:
|nuucp::201:4:public:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
|uubig:*:202:4:private:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
+---------------------------------------------------------------

etc/group
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|uucp:x:4:uucp,nuucp,uuidig
+---------------------------------------------------------------

etc/systemid
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|dingbat
|dingbat
+---------------------------------------------------------------

                            - 11-74 -

etc/inttab
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|t1A:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty1A m
|t4a:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty1a m
+---------------------------------------------------------------

usr/lib/uucp/Devices
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|#  ⨯ hayes  ⮩ 2400   p  
|#  300  2400 
|#   pאַ ᮥ  p cu
|ACU     tty1A - 300-2400 dialHA24
|Direct  tty1A - 300-2400 dialHA12
+---------------------------------------------------------------

usr/lib/uucp/Permissions
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|#  pp uucp ⮫쪮  
|# p蠥 뫠 , p 䠩    
|# uucppublic   pᯥ ᮤp ⠫ (ls)
|LOGNAME=nuucp  MACHINE=OTHER \
|      COMMANDS=rmail:ls  \
|      READ=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/tmp \
|      WRITE=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/tmp \
|      SENDFILES=yes  REQUEST=yes
|# 筠 pp uucp    p 䠩.
|#  ⮩ pp樨  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮
|# dingbat, ogre, grinch, ...
|LOGNAME=uucpbig VALIDATE=dingbat:ogre:grinch:gomer:blitzen \
|       COMMANDS=rmail:ls:uucp:who:uux  \
|       READ=/  WRITE=/ \
|       NOREAD=/etc  \
|      SENDFILES=yes  REQUEST=yes
+---------------------------------------------------------------

                            - 11-75 -

usr/lib/uucp/Systems
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|#  맮
|gomer Any ACU 1200 3333333 ogin:-BREAK-ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \
|  upay4 word: dryrot
|# 쭥 pﭨ (맮 ⮫쪮  p p)
|grinch Any1800-0700 ACU 2400 1888888 "" \r ogin: \
|   -BREAK-ogin:-BREAK-ogin:nuucp
|# ⥬, p 뢠  nuucp ( ),  H
|#  室  
| daboss Never
| damgr Never
| guru2 Never
+---------------------------------------------------------------

.te1pp 

뫪   p ⥬  p  p⭮.
     mail othersystem!mysystem!mylogin   (窠 p/p)
     mail othersystem\!mysystem\!mylogin (窠 )
뢮  ⮢ p 襩 ⥬
     echo "'uuname -l'\!'logname'" mail
뢮 ᯨ᪠ ⥬, 㯭   맮
     uuname
pp饭 맮 p㣮 ⥬  p  䮭
⫠筮 뢮
     /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -r1 -x7 -Sother 2>\/tmp/uulog$$ &

                            - 11-76 -

     H   UUCP

      饬 p p p祭 ᮮ饭  訡-
,  p p UUCP. C  ⨯ ᮮ饭
   訡.   訡   ⨯  ASSERT  ppp    䠩
/usr/spool/uucp/.Admin/errors. 訡 ⨯ STATUS ppp-
  㠫 䠩 p,  室  ⠫
/usr/spool/uucp/.Status.

     饭  訡 ⨯ ASSERT

     ᫨ p     p蠥     p,           䠩
/usr/spool/uucp/.Admin/errors  뢠 ᮮ饭  訡
⨯ ASSERT.   ⮬ ᮮ饭 㪠뢠   䠩,  sccsid,
p  p  ⥪ ᮮ饭,  p   ⠡.  
設⢥ 砥  訡  p⮬  p-
  p 䠩 ⥬.   祭 p 室
ᯮ짮 p 訡 "errno' (  ,    -
⠭.  ᫨   㪠뢠  ᮮ饭,  -
砥 ᪮ ()  ᫥饬 ᯨ᪥ ᮮ饭.

饭           ᠭ/⢨
 訡
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CAN'T OPEN     訡 p 믮 open()  fopen(). 
               pp 稥 䠩  pp襭  
                .
CAN'T WRITE    訡 p 믮 write(), fwrite(), fprint()
                ..   pp 稥 䠩  p-
               p襭    .
CAN'T READ     訡 p 믮 read(), fgets()  .. -
                pp 稥 䠩  pp襭 
                 .
CAN'T CREATE   訡 p 맮 create().  pp -
               稥 pp襭    䠩.
CAN'T ALLOCATE 訡 p 믮 ᪮ pp.
CAN'T LOCK     訡 p ⪥ p 䠩 LCK (-
               p).  p   訡 
                p᪮.
CAN'T STAT     訡 p 맮 stat().  pp -
               稥 䠩  pp襭    .
CAN'T CHMOD    訡 p 맮 chmod().  pp -
               稥 䠩  pp襭    .

                            - 11-77 -

CAN'T LINK     訡 p 맮 link().  pp -
               稥 䠩  pp襭    .
CAN'T CHDIR    訡 p 맮 chdir().  pp -
               稥 䠩  pp襭    .
CAN'T UNLINK   訡 p 맮 unlink().
WRONG ROLE     p ᪠ 訡.
CAN'T MOVE TO  ⪠ p뫪  䠩 ⨯ C.  X. 
CORRUPTDIR     ⠫ /usr/spool/uucp/.Corrupt 稢
               訡.  p⭮,  ⠫ -
                  p p 㯠  -
               .
CAN'T CLOSE    訡 p 맮 close()  fclose().
FILE EXISTS    pp ⪠ p 䠩 ⨯ C.
                D.,  䠩 㦥 .   p室 
               ⮬ 砥, ᫨  p  䠩
               ᫥⥫쭮 㯠. 筮 㪠뢠 
               稥 訡  pp ᯥ祭.
No uucp server pp ⪠ 맮 tcp/ip, 
               ᯥpp  UUCP .
BAD UID         䠩 etc/passwd  p㦨 -
               䨪p 짮⥫. 訡  䠩 ⥬
                 䠩 /etc/passwd p⨢p稢 .
BAD LOGIN_UID   ,   p饥.
ULIMIT TOO     稭 ulimit ᫨誮   ⥪饣 p-
SMALL           짮⥫.  訡 p 䠩,
               ⮬ ⪨ p  pp.
BAD LINE        䠩 Device  p쭠 p;
                   p  墠⠥ p㬥⮢.
FSTAT FAILED    - pp⭮  p ethernet.
IN EWRDATA
SYSLST         p p ⠡ gename.c. p-
OVERFLOW       p ⪠ p big/strange.
TOO MANY SAVED  ,   p饥.
C FILES
RETURN FROM    p諠 訡  ioctl, p   p-
fixline ioctl  .  p, 易  ⥬
               pp.

                            - 11-78 -

BAD SPEED       䠩 Device/Systems 㪠 p쭠
               ᪮p 設 ( Class).
PERMISSIONS    Hp쭠 p    䠩
file: BAD      Permissions.
OPTION
PKCGET READ     ⪫祭 㤠 p. H-
                ⢨  p.
PKXSTART       p pp饭 p 㤠 -
               p,  饥 ⠭.  饬 砥
               pp.
SYSTAT OPEN     p  p 
FAIL           /usr/lib/uucp/.Status   䠩 
               娬 p  ⠫.
TOO MANY       訡 pp ᯥ祭 !
LOCKS
XMV ERROR       - 訡, 易  䠩 
               ⠫. p ᥣ  ⠫ 饣 -
               , .. p 䠩 祭 
               㦥 pp묨  ⮣,  㤥 pp
                p⪠.
CAN'T FORK     訡 p ⪥ p p쭮 p-
                 믮 . 饥  
                p;  믮 ⪫뢠
               (uuxqt). H ⢨  p.

     饭  訡 UUCP ⨯ STATUS

     饭  訡 ﭨ   ᮮ饭ﬨ,  -
p     ⠫ /usr/spool/uucp/.Status.  
⠫ ᮤp ⤥ 䠩   㤠  -
p,   p묨  ⥬ ⠥ ⠭ .  
㠫 䠩 ᮤp p  ﭨ pp-
⮩  ⪨ ⠭ ,  뫠   ᯥ譮,   .
 ᫥ p祭 ᮮ饭    訡,  -
p  p   䠩.

                            - 11-79 -

OK              p쭮.
NO DEVICES      ⥪騩   p, 㯭 
AVAILABLE      맮. pp 稥 室 p 
               䠩 Devices  p⭮ ⥬.  p-
               p 稥   䠩 Systems p-
               ⢠  맮 ⮩ ⥬.
WRONG TIME     맮 饭  ⥬  p, ⫨筮 
TO CALL        㪠  䠩 Systems.
TALKING        祢.
LOGIN FAILED   訡 p 室  㪠 p. p稭
                 p쭠 ᫥⥫쭮 p-
               p樨  p, p p, 
               ᪮p p  訡  業p
               dialer-token.
CONVERSATION   ᫥ ᯥ譮 ᪠  訡 pp-
FAILED         . 筮  砥,    -
               ⮢ ⪫稫, p諮 p p襭
               pp  p襫 p  (裡).
DIAL FAILED     p   ⢥砥.
                p p p⢠ 
               p ⥫䮭 p.
BAD LOGIN/     p 뢠    pp樨/-
MACHINE        p,  ᮢ饬  䠩 Permissions.
COMBINATION       ⪮ ᠭ樮p 室
                ⥬.
DEVICE LOCKED  뢠饥 p⢮, p  ᯮ짮-
               ,    p  ᯮ
               p㣨 pᮬ.
ASSERT ERROR   p諠 訡 ⨯ ASSERT. pp 䠩
               /usr/spool/uucp/.Admin/errore  稥  
               ᮮ饭  訡   室 p-
                 p "饭  訡 ⨯ ASSERT".
SYSTEM not in  ⥬  ᠭ  䠩 Systems.
Systems

                            - 11-80 -

CAN'T ACCESS   p⢮,  p pp ⪠ p-
DEVICE         ,     p p.
               pp ᮮ⢥騥   䠩 Systems
                Devices.
DEVICE FAILED  訡 p p⨨ p⢠.
WRONG MACHINE  뢠 p ⢥砥 , ⫨ 
NAME           .
CALLBACK       뢠 p  ᢮ p p訢
REQUIRED       맮 襩 ⥬.
REMOTE HAS        䠩 p  襩
A LCK FILE     ⥬. -   맢  -
FOR ME         p. ᫨    p p UUCP,
               p, 믮騩   訬 p,
                 訡,  p 祣 -
                䠩 LCK. ᫨  짮⥫  
               p UUCP   ⠭   襩 -
               ⥬, p, 稢訩 䠩 LCK ᠥ.
REMOTE DOES     p    襣 㧫
NOT KNOW ME     襩 ⥬  䠩 Systems.
REMOTE REJECT  p樮 ᫥⥫쭮, ᯮ㥬
AFTER LOGIN    襩 ⥬  室  ⥬  ᮮ⢥-
                ⮬,   㤠 p.
REMOTE REJECT,  p ⢥p   襩 -
UNKNOWN        ⥬  ⭮ p稭. H 㤠 -
MESSAGE        p  ᯮ짮 ⠭p⭠ p
               UUCP.
STARTUP        p p諠 p쭮,  p諠
FAILED         訡  pp p 樠樨.
               pp pp 裡: pp ᫮ ,
               ⭮, pp ⠭  ..
CALLER SCRIPT  筮 p稭  ,    DIAL FAILED.
FAILED          ᫨ ⠪   ,
               pp 業p p p⢠  䠩
               dialers.  pp ᯮ uutry.
                             12

                H H   MICNET

                                                    12-1
H                                    12-2
   롮p  p                                   12-2
   롮p ⮯                                      12-2
   p 奬 ⮯                           12-3
   p⥣ ᮥ                                 12-4
   H祭 設  ᪮p⥩                               12-5
H                                              12-8
   pp 䠩 ⮯  Micnet                12-8
   p 䠩 Micnet                                 12-11
   ⠭ 䠩 Micnet                             12-12
                                                    12-14
H  MICNET                                    12-15
   pp ᮥ                                  12-15
   ᯮ짮 䠩 pp樨 p ⨪          12-16
   ⠭                                              12-17
     Micnet                                    12-18

.
                            - 12-1 -

             

      Micnet  ⠭     
  ᨬ묨 ⥬ UNIX.    ⮨  -
p,  祭 p ᫥⥫  裡  (..
p  RS-232,  ᮥ  ).   p  
p⠥  ᨬ  ⥬,      짮⥫
뢠    p㣨  p       
mail, rcp,  remote.   p ⠪ p, 
,  䠩      p㣨 ,    p 
p㣮.
     p   㦨  Micnet  ᯥ-
쭠    ⥬  pp.   ⥬   -
pp p蠥,    p, 믮
p쭮 䨧᪮ ᮥ,   ⥬      pp
netutil 뢠  ᪠ .
      饩  ,  p ,  -
⥬ p    pp netutil.   ⭮,  p-
p ᫥騥 p:
*   롨p  p
*   p ⮯ 
*    ᫥⥫ 設 ()
*   p뢠 䠩 Micnet
*   ppp 䠩 Micnet
*   p  Micnet.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
      祭  p   Micnet ᫥ ᯮ-
    ⮣  .  ⠪  2,  3    7  
ᮥ p  ⠪⠬ 2, 3  7.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

.
                            - 12-2 -

     H  

      p  Micnet p  pp  netutil,
p  p⠢    p,  p 
  ,  뢠  p   ,  
ᯨ᮪ ᯮ㥬 ᫥⥫ 設.
      ⮣,  ⮡ p  ,  ᪮쪮  -
,  室 㤥 p p p 
 ⮢ ᯨ᮪ ,  p  p.  
⠢  p筥  ᫥ p 뢠 ᯮ-
ᮡ p .

     롮p  p

      Micnet p, ⮡  p   㭨-
쭮 " p" (設 ).   p -
 ⫨    p㣨,    .    
 ᥣ 롨p  砫쭮 ⠤ p . 
᪫砥  p⨢p  쭥襬,   稭-
 p    netutil.
      p  p  ⮯  p
  , p饣  . p ⮣,   ᯮ-
 ,  .    㭨  -
   㪢  p.  pp Micnet ᯮ ⮫쪮 p
ᥬ  ,  ⮬ pp,  ⮡  뫨  㭨-
묨.
     pp netutil p 設  p  䠩-
  etc/systemid.    p p ᢮ 䠩.
᫥ ⮣   p    ,   -
  設  ᯮ㥬  p,  뢥  -
p.

롮p ⮯ 

        p⠢  ᮡ  ᠭ  ⮣,   
p    ᮥ  ᮡ.     Micnet
  騥 ⮯,   p    pp
p㣨.  - "p"  "".
      p ⮯  p p  ᮥ-
    業p  p.    裡 p室 p
業p p     祭.
.
                            - 12-3 -

       ⮯ p p  楯,    -
p      ᮥ p   祬  
p㣨.  裡 p室 p  p, pᯮ
 ⠬ .
        p p, p  
p⠢ ᮡ  p  . -
⢥ p祭    p    p  .
Hpp,    몠   ᮥ 
p   .
      롨p    ⮯ p ᫮ -
p, p  室 ᮥ, ᪮p, p 
  p p 裡  ⥬ pp ,  -
p  p ⢫.  p  ⮯
 ᮪ ᪮p 裡 p,  p  -
 p 設 p 業p쭮 p,  -
 ᫠ ᫥⥫ 設  業p쭮 .   -
 pp pp p  裡    ,  p
  ᫥⥫ 設   p,  -
뢠 ᫨誮  p  让    楯窨  (
  p    ᪮쪮 ).  
 㤮 p襭 뢠  p
  ⮯.    砥  p⮨ ᤥ -
p,  騩  襬  訬.  ᫨  p室  
뢮,   ᤥ  롮p   ᠬ 㤠, 
    pp .

p 奬 ⮯ 

     奬 ⮯  p⠢ ᮡ  ᪨  ᮥ
  p .  奬  ᯮ짮  
p  pᯮ ᫥⥫  設,  p塞
  p .
       ⠢ 奬 p p⪥ ⮯. p-
 믨 設    p   㬠-
,  ⥬ ⬥  p p,  p  
ᮥ ᫥⥫묨 設.  Hpp,  奬 ⮯
  ⮯ ,  饩    p  p,
   ᫥騩 :

     a ----------- b -----------c

     p p稢  pp,  ⮡    묨  
p  砫     ᮥ. 
⮣,  ᫥, ⮡  p뢠  ( -  p
ᮥ, p  p). p ᮥ
   ᪠.
.
                            - 12-4 -

         p⥣ ᮥ 

     p 奬 ⮯ ,   p, 
᫥⥫ p ᯮ짮  ᮥ p.
     ᮥ  p   p 
筮  p (    p)   ᫥-
⥫ p,  㦭 祭 p⭮  設.
     ⠢ ᯨ᮪ ᫥⥫ p⮢ (뢠 ⠪
p⠬ TTY) p  ᯮ짮       -
p  .    뢥 ᯨ᮪ ᫥⥫ p⮢
p p pᬮp  䠩  /etc/inittab.  p  ⠥
㯭,  ᫨    ᮥ  p⢮ ⨯
p  .  Hpp,       ⮯
p b   ⥢ ᮥ,   p a,
p㣮  p c.    뤥  p tty
 p b     p a  c.
      p祭   ᯮ짮    tty,  p
 p   Micnet.     p 
 p tty.  設⢮ p   奬
㬥p樨 tty (tty1a,  tty2a,  tty3f  ..).  砥, 
  p 襩   ᫥⥫  p  
  .  Hpp,  ᫨   ᮥ p tty1b 
p a  p⮬ tty5d  p b,    -
  tty1b    p   p .  p稭
⮣ p祭  ,  pp Micnet  p-
  p      㪠뢠 p, ᯮ㥬
   p  裡. ⥫쭮, ᫨ pp-
  p㦨  䠩 ⮯  tty  묨 -
,     p쭮 p.  p㥬  -
p   p⥣,            㫨p
ᮥﬨ Micnet.

                           - 12-4 -

      ᮢ㥬   p p p,  p  -
  襩 ⥬  ᤥ  騬 p⠬
 痢 Micnet.  p㥬 ᯮ짮 p tty -
  40  50.  p孥 p  ⮩ 㬥p樨    
    ⮫쪮 "p㠫" tty,  ᪮쪮 
ᯮ짮  䠩 ⮯.  Hpp,  ..     p
p    ᯮ짮      tty  ⮯-
,  㪠  䠩 ⮯,   p a  ᯮ
tty50  ᮥ  tty51 p b.   ⠪ tty 
      ⥬,     㢥p,
    㤥 㡫p .
      ⮣,  ⮡ ⠭ ᮮ⢥⢨  묨 -
 p㠫 tty  p묨 tty  襬 p, ᫥-
 ᯮ짮  ln(C),  p 뢠   䠩
砥    襩 ⮯  p묨 tty  襩 -
⥬.  ᫨  ᯮ  ln(C),  ⠭ 裡 
   䠩,   ᮮ頥 p樮 ⥬,  
p tty ⥭ ⥯p    , p  
p᢮.  ᫨   뢥 ᮤp ⠫ /dev,  㢨-
  ,    ⭮ᨫ    䨧᪮
p.
.
                            - 12-5 -

     Hpp,   ᫥饩  ln(C) ⠭-
   tty50 p a      뫮  p-
 tty,   p   設.  ᫨  ⠢ 
 p  tty1a p a,   p㣮    tty5d
p  b,     ᫥   p
a:
     ln /dev/tty1a/dev/tty50
     , ᫨ Micnet 뫠   /dev/tty50,  
ᠬ    p室 p tty1a.  筮,   -
p b 뢠 /dev/tty5d,  㤠    p쭮  砥
p,  p㠫 tty51 ᫥騬 p:
     ln /dev/tty5d/dev/tty51
         䨧᪨ ᮥ p  p-
,  p ,  吝 p p ᮥ-
.  Hpp,  ᫨    c  ⢥ p
/dev/tty1a,    室  䨣p  襩
⥬, ⮡ ᯮ짮    ⮯ .
      p⥣  p ⠪ p 室   p
p  - p稭.  室 ⠢ 
ppp  ⮯ ,  p  ᮮ-
⢨    訬 p㠫 tty (tty50,  tty51  ..) 
- p㣨 䨧᪨ tty (pp,  tty2c)   
㤥 p p쭮.

     祭 設  ᪮p⥩

     p p   祭  tty  p⮢, ᫥
p  p楤p:

1.   ⮯      p⥣  
    ( ⮫쪮 ) 㯭 tty  ᮥ  
     p.  ⠢ ᯨ᮪ p   p-
    tty,  p  ᮡp ᯮ짮.  Hpp,
   ᫨ p a   㯭  ᫥⥫ 設
   (tty1a)    ᮡp ᯮ짮 p㠫쭮  tty50
    ⮣ tty,    奬 ⮯   룫拉
   ᫥騬 p:

     a ----------- b -----------c
   tty1b
  (tty50)
.
                            - 12-6 -

2. p  p騩 蠣   p  奬 ⮯-
   .  , ⮡  ᮥ 뫮 祭 設
     p㠫쭮  tty      ᮥ   
   p   p p㠫쭮 tty.  -
   砭 奬   pp ⠪ :

     a ----------- b -----------c
   tty1b      tty2a  tty3a     tty1b
  (tty50)    (tty51) (tty52)   (tty53)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

砭
     Hpp,  砥 p ⮯ p⠢ -
 .    p  㫪 ,  ᯨ-
栬 ⮣   ᮥ ⮣  p    -
⠫묨 p .  p p p-
 ⮯  뢠 "ᥢ"  設.  ᥢ  設
  筮 ᫥⥫ p⮢  祭
 p .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

   ᫨  p  墠⠥ ᫥⥫ p⮢,  -
    ᢮ 騥 設, ⪫稢 ᮥ  
   p⢠.  ᫨   p⢠ 㤠 ,   㦭
   pp ⮯.
3.   奬 ⮯     p  -
   p  ᪮p p   ᫥⥫쭮 設, 
   ᮥ饩.    ᪮p          p
   p ᪮p⥩  ᫥⥫ 設 (筮  110
    9600). p p  p騬 䠪p.
    饬 砥  ᮪ ᪮p 砥 襥 p
    믮 p,     ᮪  ॡ  
   室  室 ⥫ ⥬.   p 
   ᪮p p p  pp묨 ﬨ.
   Hp  p⢠    ᪠  ᪮p p 
   1200 .  ⮩ p稭 p ⠭ Micnet p-
    ᯮ짮 ⠭p ᪮p 1200.  쭥襬, -
    pp ,    ᪮p 㢥.
4. ᫥ ⮣  奬 ⮯ 㤥  ⠢,  ⠢
   ᯨ᮪    p  p,  㪠뢠  設 ,
   ᫥⥫ 設  ᪮p  p      .
     ᯨ᮪  p p pp뢠 . pp
   ⠪ 奬 ⮯, 㪠뢠饩 ᪮p p ,
   p  㬮砭,  㦨 ᫥:
.
                            - 12-7 -

                     
     a ----1200--- b ----1200---c
   tty1b      tty2a  tty3a     tty1b
  (tty50)    (tty51) (tty52)   (tty53)

       pp ᯨ᪠ p p    -
:
     a (tty50) to b (tty51) at 1200 baud
     b (tty52) to c (tty53) at 1200 baud

5.  ⥯p   p ⮩   , -
   ⠭   p㠫쭮 tty     p
     ⮬ p.  Hpp,   
   ᫥騩 :

     ln/dev/actual-tty /dev/virtual-tty

.
                            - 12-8 -

     H 

      pp   pp netutil.  pp-
   p  ᫥⥫  設  
, p騬 .
      p   室 ᭠砫 p 䠩-
  Micnet,    p 뢠 ,   ⥬ p 
䠩   p,  室騩  ⠢ .  ᫥ ⮣
    p    䠩,    
  짮   p.
      ᫥   p 뢠 p楤p p-
 .

     pp 䠩 ⮯  Micnet

      Micnet p p  ᯮ짮  樨  install
pp netutil.   install 뢠 뢮 p 㪠-
   ᫥⥫ 設   p   .
p ᯥ祭 ⮩ p樨  ⮬᪨ p 䠩-
,  室   p.   䠩  ⥬
p    p㣨  p      権 save 
restore  pp  netutil.    砥,        
p , p   p.
     p p  樥 install    믮 ᫥騥
蠣:
1.   ⥬  ⢥ pp ⥬.
2.  :
     netutil
      <Return>.  pp 뢮  ⥢
   ⨫. p ⮬ ⮣  㪠  install
3.  "1"    <Return>. pp 뢥 ᫥-
   饥 ᮮ饭:
+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  Compilling new network topology
|  ( ⮯  )
|  Overwritting existing network files? (yes/no)?
|  (H 䠩  ⬥ p?) (/H)?

   ᫨  ,  ⮡  䠩  p,  㪠
   "y"    <Return>.  p p   
    䠩  pp뢠 p.   p p,  
    pp뢠 ,   䠩 ᮤp  p  ⠭-
   p , p p  p. ᫨  p-
.
                            - 12-9 -

   p뢠    p p  pp  -
   ⥬,     ᭠砫 p    
   䠩,    ⮬    install.   䠩 
   p    ⪮ ᪥    樨 save,
   뢠   ⮬ p.
     ᫥  室 ⢥ pp 뢮 ᫥饥
ᮮ饭:
+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  Enter the name of each machine
|      (or press RETURN to continue installation).
|  (   p 
|        RETURN  p 祭).
|   Machine name:
|  ( p:)

4.   p    <Return>.  
     ᪮쪮  ,  ⤥  묨  p.
   ᫥  ⮣          ,    
   <Return>   p室  ᫥饬 蠣.  pp 뢥
   㪠    pᮬ 室  ⮩
   p樨.
5.   y  (᫨ ""),  ᫨   p  
   .   p⨢ 砥 ⢥ n (.. "")  p
       <Return>    p室   ᫥饬 蠣
   p楤p. ᫨  㪠 n, pp 뢥 ᮮ饭:
+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  For each machine, enter the names of machines
|  to be connected with it
|  (   p  p㣮 p,
|       p  㤥 ᮥ)
|   Machine a:
|  (p:)
|   Connewct to:
|  ( :)

6.  ᯨ᪮ p p,  p  ⠢  
   ⠯ p ,  㪠  p, -
   砥    p.        ᪮쪮
   ,  ⤥  묨  p.  ᫥ ⮣  

                           - 12-9 -

   㪠   p, 砥  , -
     <Return>.  ᫥ ⮣ pp 뢥 p
      p,  砥  ᫥饬  -
   p.
7. p  5   ⠫ p.  p ⮣
    pp 뢮 p    p  ᮥ-
   ,   뢠 ᯨ᮪ 設 ,  p 㦥
   ⭮,    ᮥ   ⥪騬  p.  
     室 㪠뢠  p. pp ⮬-
   ᪨ pp p 横.  ᫨  p㦨-
   ,  pp  pp  p,    -
   p p 横  p訢  ᫥饣.
.
                            - 12-10 -

   ⥫쭮 ᫥ ⮣   㪠 ᮥ    
   p, pp 뢥 ᯨ᮪ ᮥ   pᮬ
   室  ⮩ p樨.
8.  y,  ᫨   p   ᮥ. 
   p⨢  砥  ⢥ n  p室  ᫥饬 蠣
   p楤p. ᫨  㪠 n, pp 뢥 ᮮ饭:
+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  For each machine pair, enter tty name and tty speed
|  For the a<==>b machine pair
|  Tty on a:
|  (   p p   ᪮p tty
|    p a<==>b
|   Tty  a:)
9.  ᯨ᪮ ᫥⥫ 設, p  ⠢
    ⠯ p , 㪠  ᫥⥫쭮 -
     p (pp,  tty14)   p  p  
   㪠뢠 p    <Return>. pp 뢥-
    ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:
+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  Tty on b:
|  (Tty  b:)
10.  ᫥⥫쭮  設    p  p
   p    <Return>. pp 뢥 ᫥饥
   ᮮ饭:
+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  Speed:
|  (p:)
11. ᪮p  (pp,   1200)         
   <Return>. pp  ⢥ 뢮 p  㪠 
   ᫥⥫쭮 設  ᪮p  ᫥饩 p.
12.p  8   ⠫  p  p.  ᫥
   ⮣      㪠  ᫥⥫ 設  ᪮p 
    p p,  pp 뢥 p   室-
     ⮩ p樨.
13. y, ᫨   p   ᫥⥫-
    設  ᪮p⥩.   p⨢ 砥 ⢥  n,  ᫥
   祣 p楤p 祭  稢.
14.᫥ ⮣    㪠  p netutil,   p
     p  ⥢ 䠩, 뢮  -
    䠩  p  pp.
      ⮢  p  MMDF    짮  
Micnet  p ⮪ ᮮ饭,   ⥯p 室
pp  p 䠩  ⮯  ⠪  p,
.
                            - 12-11 -

⮡   짮 MMDF.  p,   
  䠩 ⮯,      ppp  
짮⥫ mmdf   ᫥騥 :
     cd /usr/mmdf/table
     dbmbuild
      䠩,    ᯮ짮  save  -
p 䠩 Micnet   .

p 䠩 Micnet

        p  䠩  Micnet   pp ⥫
( ᪥)     ⪮  ᪥      樨  save
pp  netutil.  p 䠩   p
  p㣨 p .  p 祬 p  䠩 
 ᪥,  㦭  pp (. p "p-
p  ᪮"   "p    ᪮  
⥫  ⭮ ").  p 䠩  ⪮
᪥    p  䠩    p㣨  p
짮  uucp(C).
      p 䠩 믮 ᫥ p楤p:
     1.   ⥬  ⢥ pp ⥬.
     2.  :
     netutil
     H  <Return>.  pp 뢮  -
 ⨫.
     3.  "2"    <Return>. pp 뢥-
 ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:

+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  Save to /dev/fdx (yes/no)?
|  (p  /dev/fdx (/H)?

    x p pp.

4. ᫨      ᯮ짮  㪠  p   pp,
   ⠢  pp ᪥  pp,  -
    p襭 㯠 pp  ᪥,   ⥬ 㪠
   "yes"    <Return>.  ᫨    ᯮ-
    㪠 p pp, 㪠 "no"   -
    <Return>.  pp 뢥 p    䠩
   pp  (  䠩),  p       ᯮ짮.
   ⠢    pp ᪥  p 
   pp,   p襭 㯠 pp  ᪥, 
   ⥬     䠩  pp.    ⠭p⭮  p⢠
.
                            - 12-12 -

   pp (᪮   pp)   㪠뢠         䠩
   /etc/default/micnet.  p⢮    -
     䨣p樨 ⥬.
        砥  pp p 䠩 Micnet  
.
5.  ᪥  pp.    p (
    p p窮)  ᪥ " Micnet".
     ᫥ ⮣      䠩   ᪮p,   
p뫠    p .

         ⠭ 䠩 Micnet

     ᫥ ⠯ p  Micnet  p-
  䠩 Micnet   p .    믮
   樨  restore  pp  netutil.    
p  믮 ᫥饥:
     1.   ⥬  ⢥ pp ⥬.
     2.  :
     netutil
     H  <Return>.  pp 뢮  -
 ⨫.
     3.  "3"    <Return>. pp 뢥-
 ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:
+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  Restore from /dev/fdx (yes/no)?
|  (⠭  /dev/fdx (/H)?

    x p pp.

4. ᫨       ᯮ짮  㪠  p  pp,
   ⠢ ᪥ Micnet  pp,  p襭 -
   㯠  pp    ᪥,   ⥬ 㪠 "yes"  
    <Return>.  ᫨    ᯮ짮  㪠
   p  pp,  㪠  "no"     <Return>.
   pp 뢥 p    䠩  pp  (
   䠩),  p     ᯮ짮.  ⠢ ᪥
   Micnet  p  pp,  p襭 -
.
                            - 12-13 -

    pp  ᪥,   ⥬  䠩 pp.   
   砥 pp p 䠩 Micnet  ᮮ⢥騥 -
   ⠫, 뢮  p p   䠩.  -
    pp 뢮 ᮮ饭:

+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  Enter the name of this machine:
|  (  ⮣ p:)

5.   設   p,  p  ᯮ 
     <Return>.  pp ᪮p    -
    䠩 etc/systemid  ⮣ p. ᫨ 室,
    ⠪ ⪫砥 ᫥⥫ 設, p  -
   짮 p,  ⠢   p  -
   .
      䠩  ᪮p,       樨
start  .
.
                            - 12-14 -

 

     ᫥ ⮣    䠩 Micnet  p᫠  p,
    樨  start  pp  netutil  
  p. 樨 start ᪠ pp p 믮-
 ,  室  ⢫  裡    -
p .
      ᪠  믮 ᫥ p楤p  
p :
     1.   ⥬  ⢥ pp ⥬.
     2.  :
     netutil
     H  <Return>.  pp 뢮  -
 ⨫.
     3.   "4"    <Return>.  pp -
  䠩 /etc/systemid.  ᫨  䠩 p㦨-
,   ᪠ . ᫨ 䠩  p㦨, 뢮
p   設  p, ᫥ 祣  䠩
p.  p ⮣, 뢮 p  pp 訡
 p .   饬 砥   p,  ᪫-
  p .  p p ᪥   ⢥
    p  ᫥  㪠뢠  n      
<Return>.
     ᫥ ⮣   㤥 饭,     p  
p㣮 p     .
     ⨬,   㤮⢠      -
  p ⮬᪨ ᪠ ,     -
᪠ ᠬ ⥬.   ⮣ 筮  :
     netutil start
 䠩  樠樨  ⥬,  /etc/rc.d/7/udaemons,  
p.      ⮩  ᫥ ᯮ짮
⥪⮢ pp,    ᠭ  p " -
p /etc/rc2"  "  ⠭ ⥬". ᫨  
ppp p      訡,    ⮩  
p    㪠 樨 -x  -e,  ᮮ⢥⢥.  ᫨
   ᯮ  樨,  Micnet p ᮮ饭  
室    室   ⥬  ⥬ p LOG  p,
  ᪠  ⠭ .   砥, 
  室  p窨    䠩.  .  p
"⪠ 䠩 pp樨"   "p  䠩  -
⥬".
.
                            - 12-15 -

     H  MICNET

     ᫥ ⮣      p p,  -
 pp ,  ⮡ 㡥,   pp -
室 p.   ⭮,    p, 祭
   p  .
      p    室  p p
  rcp(C).   ᫥ p     -
p   p 訡, ᫨ ⠪ p㦨.

       pp ᮥ 

       㡥,   p 祭  ,
⥬ p 讣 䠩   設   
 rcp(C).  ⮣ 믮 ᫥ p楤p:
     1. 롥p p.
     2.   ⥬  ⢥ pp ⥬.
     3.   rcp (.  "  p㣨 -
⠬" 㪮⢠ 짮⥫)
     rcp /etc/motd 1machine:/tmp/test
 machine    p㣮 p.  p 
   㧫  Micnet.
     4. pp ⠫ /tmp  p   㡥-
,   䠩 祭.  ᫨   ᪮쪮  p
䠩  稫,  p p쭮 祭  .
 䨪樨 p  室  p ⮯
p,  p쭮 祭  .  ᫥饬 p-
 뢠,   ᤥ.
.
                            - 12-16 -

       ᯮ짮 䠩 pp樨 p ⨪

          p     ᮥ   ⥬
pp  䠩 LOG  p .   LOG ᮤp
  ⢨     p  p.  
  p  p     䠩 LOG (  
 p).  LOG  p p  -
⠫  ⠫ /usr/spool/micnet.   ⠫ 
 machine-name p㣮 p p.     pp
ᮤp 䠩 LOG  :
     2cat /usr/spool/micnet/remote/1machine-nameLOG
 ⨥    <Return>.    ⢥ machine-name 
㪠뢠  p p.
      䠩 LOG  ᮤp "᪮ ᮮ饭", -
p饥 ᯨ᮪,    p ᮤp   p
p  ᫥⥫ 設, p p  p ᮥ-
. p ⮣,   㪠뢠   p,  -
 襭 . 饭   pp ⠪ :
+----------------------------------------------------------------
|  daemon.mn: running as MASTER
|  Local system: a
|  Remote system: b, /dev/tty52
|  Tue Sep 24 22:30:35 1985
     ᪮ ᮮ饭    䠩  p,  
 ᯥ譮 ᪠.  ᫨  ᮮ饭 , -
  뫮    ᪮쪮 䠩  ⠫-
.  ,   ᯮ짮  restore  p
  p    室  ⥢  䠩.  p  ⮣,
pp 稥 p쭮 設      -
p  䠩 /etc/systemid.
      䠩 LOG ᮤp ᮮ饭,  ⢥p饥  -
  裡,  ᫨    p p ⠭
p쭮.  p ᯥ譮 ᮥ  䠩   ᮮ-
:
     first handshake complete
     (p p㪮⨥ 﫮)

᫨  ᮮ饭 , 㡥,   뫠 -
饭  p㣮 p ⮩ p.  ⮣, ⮡ ᮥ
﫮,  室,  ⮡    뫠  饭   
p.  ᫨  뫠 饭   p, ,
⥬  , ᮮ饭  ⠭ ᮥ ,
.
                            - 12-17 -

 p  ᫥⥫쭮  設  p쭮
 祭.  ,   ⭮ ⠢  pꥬ
  祭  p  p  pꥬ RS-232   -
p. ᫨ 室,    p.
     ᫨   ᪮ ᮮ饭  ᮮ饭  㤠筮 ᮥ-
  䠩 LOG p,         p⠥,  
 pp⭮  p.    p 
 p 䠩    訡,  p室  p  p  
p   p   ᪠         p   Micnet
ppp  p  訡.   ⮣ 㪠 "y"  ,
      start   p訢   室  믮
pp樨 p p  訡.
       訡 ᮤp ᮮ饭  訡, pp-
 p p 䠩.    ᮮ饭 p -
  p稭 訡  㪠뢠 pp, p㦨
訡. Hpp, ᮮ饭:
     rsync: bad Probe resp: 68
㪠뢠,  pp rsync 稫  p  ⢥
(⭠p    68)  p㣮 p.   
ᯮ짮    ᪠ p稭 訡.   饩
p  p p樨,  p   ᫥-
⥫쭮 設,  筠   㬮 (pp,
    pᯮ  p⥫,  pp 
p㣮 筨  p⭮  祭).  p  ⮣,
pp,  ⮡   室  室 ᫮ -
樨.
       p ᮤp ᮮ饭  ᯥ p
䠩.    ᮤp p, 稪 p
⮢,  p祭 p  p p.  Hpp, ᮮ-
:
     rx: 29349b 2:22 @16:22
㪠뢠,   16:22 뫮 p 29349 ⮢ (rx).  H  
p  뫮  p祭  2  22 ᥪ.   pp p
䠩   ᯮ짮 ⮩ .

       ⠭ 

       樨 stop pp netutil     ⠭-
  p  .      ⠭  p pp
Micnet, ⠭   p .
.
                            - 12-18 -

      ⠭  믮 ᫥ p楤p  -
 p :
     1.   ⥬  ⢥ pp ⥬.
     2.  :
     netutil
     H  <Return>.  pp 뢮  -
 ⨫.
     3.   "5"    <Return>.  pp -
 ⠭ pp, 믮塞  襬 p.

        Micnet

            p  ᢮
  Micnet  ⥬        ᪮쪨  䠩
Micnet.    p ᤥ ⠭      
pp netutil.  祭   (pp, -
 ᠭ  p)     ᪮ppp
䠩  Micnet p⢥ ⥪⮢ pp.    
ᮤp p 뢠  p () 㪮⢠ -
⥫.
     p 祬  -   䠩, 室
p  .       cp.
 p 䠩 p p⮬    -
  mv.  ᫨    ᪮쪮 䠩   
p,     p᫠  p㣨 p 
  権 save  restore.  樨  p ⮫-
 ᫥ ⠭ .
                             13

          UNIX   H 

                                                 13-1
 UNIX                                            13-2
   p ⠫                                      13-2
   ⠫ bin                                           13-2
   ⠫ dev                                           13-3
   ⠫ etc                                           13-4
   ⠫ lib                                           13-5
   ⠫ mnt                                           13-5
   ⠫ tmp                                           13-5
   ⠫ usr                                           13-6
   ⠫ tcb                                           13-6
                                         13-7
H                                13-9
   樠  䠩                              13-9
    pp                                      13-9
   ᫮ p⪮                              13-10
   p  p                          13-10

                        

      饩  p᫥    ᯮ㥬
䠩  ⠫ ⥬ UNIX.     䠩  ⠫-
 p  ᮮ⢥ p権    㤠
 .
     p ⮣,  ⮩  ᮤp p, 室
  p  p,  ⭮騬  䠩 ⥬ 
p.   祭  p樨  ᯥ樠 䠩-
,  㯮 ,   室   ⠬
p㪮⢠, 祭묨  (HW).
.
                            - 13-2 -

     ⠫ UNIX

      饬 p pᬠp  ⠫  ᭮-
 ⠫ p樮 ⥬.

p ⠫

     p ⠫ (/) ᮤp ᫥騥 ⥬ ⠫:
/bin  ⠫  UNIX
/dev  ⠫ ᯥ樠 p
/etc  ⠫ ⥫ pp  䠩 
/lib  ⠫ ⥪ pp  
/mnt  ⠫ p  (ppp    p
      䠩 ⥬)
/usr  p pp  짮⥫  ( ᮤp ᮡ-
      ⢥ ⠫ 짮⥫)
/tcb  ⥬ 䠩, 室騥  ⠢ TCB (H ᫨-
      ⥫쭮 )
/tmp  p ⠫  (ppp   p 䠩,
      ᮧ pp)
      p p樮 ⥬    ⠫ 
易⥫묨.
     p ⮣,  p ⠫ ᮤp ᪮쪮 ⤥
䠩.     䠩    䠩 xenix,
p ᮤp p p UNIX.

     2⠫ bin

     ⠫ bin ᮤp  騥  UNIX, .. -
,  p  ᪮p  ᥣ    p  ᥬ.  
pp ᯨ᮪ pp ⠫ /bin:

        basename    echo    passwd   su
        cp          expr    rm       sync
        date        fsck    sh       tar
        dump        login   sleep    restor
        dumpdir     mv      stty     test

        ⠫  ⠫ /bin   易-
⥫묨.
.
                            - 13-3 -

     2⠫ /dev

     ⠫ /dev ᮤp ᯥ樠 䠩 p,  p-
騥 㯮  pp p⢠.   䠩 ⮣ -
⠫  易⥫묨    㤠.   ⠫
/dev  ᪮쪮 ⠫.      -
  室  ᯥ樠  䠩  p,  ⭮騥 
p p ⨯.  Hpp,  ⠫ /dev/dsk -
p 䠩 p    ⪨ ᪮.   p-
 ⥬ p ᮣ襭   p-
,  p  UNIX   XENIX.   室,  䠩 
⠫ /dev/dsk p뢠  䠩 p, 騬 
 /dev.    ⮬  p    
   䠩  ⠫ /dev, ⠪      䠩  
⠫ /dev.
      ⠡. 13.1 㪠  ᯨ᮪ p.

      13.1 p⢠ ⠫ /dev

p⢮    p⢮      H
UNIX           XENIX
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/dev/console          ⥬ ᮫
/dev/rdsk/*    /dev/r*      p⢮ ppp 
/dev/dsk/0s0   /dev/hd00        pp 0
/dev/dsk/0s1   /dev/hd01     p p ᪠  pp 0
/dev/dsk/0s2   /dev/hd02     p p ᪠  pp 0
/dev/dsk/1s0   /dev/hd10        pp 1
/dev/dsk/1s1   /dev/hd11     p p ᪠  pp 1
/dev/dsk/1s2   /dev/hd12     p p ᪠  pp 1
/dev/dsk/f05d9 /dev/fd048ds9     0  360
/dev/dsk/f05q  /dev/fd096ds9     0  720
/dev/dsk/f05h  /dev/fd096ds15    0  1,2 M
/dev/dsk/f03h  /dev/fd0135ds18   0  1,44 M
/dev/lp               p⢮ p筮 
/dev/kmem             p㠫쭠  p
/dev/mem              ᪠ 
/dev/null             ⮥ p⢮
 -             /dev/rct0     筮 p⢮ QIC
 -             /dev/rft0     筮 p⢮ QIC-40
 -             /dev/rctmini  筮 p⢮  
/dev/root             pp p 䠩
/dev/swap              窨
/dev/ttynn            p
.
                            - 13-4 -

     2⠫ /etc

     ⠫ /etc ᮤp ᬥ蠭 ⥬ pp  䠩-
 .  䠩 ⮣ ⠫  易⥫묨, -
     .

     /etc/mnttab    ⠭ p
     /etc/mount     p 䠩 pp
     /etc/mkfs      p 䠩 pp
     /etc/init     p p ᫥ p㧪 ⥬

     騥 䠩,  p 室,    .  H
   䠩 㤠 .

     /etc/passwd    p
     /etc/rc        業p 砫쭮 p㧪
     /etc/rc0       業p p襭 p ⥬
     /etc/rc2       業p 砫쭮 p㧪
     /etc/ttys     Hp p
     /etc/termcap  p pp p
     /etc/motd     饭   

         ⠫ /etc/rc1.d  /etc/rc2.d ᮤp
 樠樨,  ᪠  業p /etc/rc2, 
⥬ p室  짮⥫᪨ p.
          ⠫  /etc/default  ᮤp  ,
p    㬮砭,  ᯮ㥬  ⥬묨 
(.  /etc/default(C)). 騥 䠩  . H 
  䠩 㤠 .

      13.2  ⠫ /etc/default

             ⨫
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/default/archive   ⠭p  ⠭
                       sysadmsh(ADM)
/etc/default/authsh    ⠭p  ⠭
                       sysadmsh(ADM)
/etc/default/cleantmp  ⠭p  cleantmp(ADM)
/etc/default/backup    ⠭p  backup(C)
/etc/default/boot       boot(ADM)
/etc/default/cron      ⠭p  pp樨 cron(C)
.
                            - 13-5 -

/etc/default/dumpdir   ⠭p  dumpdir(C)
/etc/default/formatr   ⠭p  dormat(C)
/etc/default/fylesys   ⠭p  䠩 ⥬
                       sysadmsh(ADM)
/etc/default/goodpw    ⠭p  pp p
                       googpw(ADM)
/etc/default/login     ⠭p  login(M)
/etc/default/lpd       ⠭p  lp(C)
/etc/default/mapchan   ⠭p  mapchan(M)
/etc/default/micnet    ⠭p  micnet(M)
/etc/default/mkuser    ⠭p  
/etc/default/msdos     饭 ᪮ DOS (A:, B:,...)
/etc/default/passwd    ⠭p  passwd(C)
/etc/default/restor    ⠭p  restore(C)
/etc/default/su        ⠭p  su(C) (,
                        䠩   p뢠 ᠬ.)
/etc/default/tar       ⠭p  tar(C)
/etc/default/usemouse  ⠭p  usemouse(C)

     2⠫ /lib

     ⠫ /etc  ᮤp  䠩  ⥪  믮  
p㣨 몮 ppp.   ⠫    易-
⥫.

     2⠫ /mnt

     ⠫ /etc    ⠫, ppp
 p  䠩 ⥬.

     2⠫ /tmp

     ⠫ /tmp ᮤp p 䠩, p㥬 pp-
  UNIX.  筮  䠩 p p p ᮮ⢥-
 pp,    ⠢,  ᫨  pp
p pp. ,  p騥 ⥪騬 -
塞 pp,  㤠.
.
                            - 13-6 -

     2⠫ /usr

     ⠫ /usr ᮤp ᮡ⢥ ⠫   짮-
⥫ ⥬. p ⮣,   室 ⠫, ᯥ稢-
騥 ⥫  UNIX  䠩 .
     ⠫ /usr/bin ᮤp ⥫  UNIX. 
 ᯮ p       ⮫  묨  
p ⥬ UNIX.
     ⠫ /usr/include ᮤp  䠩   -
樨 pp  몥 .
     ⠫ /usr/lib ᮤp p ⠫   p
䠩,  p祭   뢮,  p p
⮩  p室  .
     ⠫ /usr/tmp  ᮤp ⥫ p 䠩.
     ⠫ /usr/adm ᮤp 䠩 ,  ⭮騥  -
p⨢  ⥫쭮     ⭮ p樨.  
⭮,  ⠫ usr/adm/messages ᮤp    -
饭  訡, 뫠  ⥬ ᮫.  䠩
ᮡ  p p襭 p,  易  pp.
Hpp,  p 訡 ᪠  pp 㪠뢠 
p pp  ⢨ p.    ᮮ-
饭  䠩   p,  室 p-
᪨ 㤠.

     2⠫ /tcb

     ⠫ /tcb ᮤp  䠩,  室騥  TCB (H
᫨⥫쭮 ).   ⠢ 室 p⢠ 襭 -
, ᨬ  p樮 ⥬  騥   -
饭,  祬 p㣨 p樮 ⥬ UNIX.  p⢮ -
  pᬠp      "ᯥ祭    ⥬"
饣 p㪮⢠.
.
                            - 13-7 -

      

      p  ⠫  ᮤp pp樮 䠩,  -
p 㢥稢  p p쭮  p  p樮
⥬.    p ᪮,    䠩-
 室 p᪨    (.  p  "⪠
䠩  pp樨"  "ᯮ짮 䠩 ⥬").  
⠡.  13.3 p ᯨ᮪  䠩 (  )  
 ᮤp.

      13.3 ⥬ 䠩 pp樨

 䠩        H祭
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/etc/ddate        pp   ppp
/usr/adm/pacct    pp  ;  p p-
                  ⠥ p   ⠭   p   .   (.
                  accton(ADM)  acccom(ADM)).

/usr/adm/message  pp ᮮ饭   訡,  p-
                  p㥬 ⥬ p ᪥ ⥬    ᮮ-
                  饬 p. (. messages(M).)

/etc/wtmp         pp 室  室 짮⥫ 
                  ⥬. (. login(M).)

/usr/adm/sulog    pp   ᯮ짮  
                  su.  稢     ⮬ 砥,  ᫨
                  㪠   䠩 /etc/default/su. 䠩 /
                  etc/default/su  室 p뢠. (.
                  su).

/usr/lib/cron/cronlog
                  pp   ᯮ짮   
                  at  cron.

/usr/spool/micnet/remote/*/LOG
                  pp p     -
                  p   Micnet.   ⢥ (*) 
                    㤠 p,  pᮥ-
                    ⥪饩 .
.
                            - 13-8 -

/usr/spool/uucp/.Log/utility/sitename/*
                  pp  UUCP,  ᯮ㥬  
                   UUCP. utility  sitename  -
                   ⨫ UUCP   㤠 -
                  , ᮮ⢥⢥.

/usr/spool/uucp/.Log/.Old/*
                   ⮬ ⠫ p p pp樮-
                    䠩,  p㥬    業p
                  uudemon.clean.
                  .
                            - 13-9 -

     H  

       㦨 䠩  ⥬,  ᠭ  
饬 p㪮⢥, p p ᯥ樠  䠩-
,   pp  ᫠ p  .    ᫥饬
p  pᬠp  p.

     樠  䠩

     樠쭮  䠩 p⠢ ᮡ 祭 䠩
-뢮  p⢠, 饣 ᮡ p  -
  ⤥묨 ,  p ᮮ⢥ pp
p, ⠪,  pp   ⪮ ᪠. 
 p  ⠪ ,   mkfs(ADM),  mount(ADM) 
df (C),   㪠 p⢠, ᮤp饣 䠩 ⥬,
p 室 p, p  .
      ⠡.  13.4 p᫥ ᯥ樠  䠩 UNIX  
XENIX    ᮮ⢥騬  p⢠  pp  
⪮ ᪠  ⨯筮 p. ᮤp.

      13.4 ⢥⢨ ᯥ樠   ᪮

       䠩     pp ᪠
      ------------------------------------------
      /dev/fd0         0
      /dev/dsk/f0      0
      /dev/fd1         1
      /dev/dsk/f1      1
      /dev/hd00       ⪨ 
      /dev/dsk/0s0    ⪨ 
      /dev/root      p 䠩 ⥬
      /dev/usr        ⥬ 짮⥫

      pp

      pp  ᪠ p⠢ ᮡ ᫮  -
,  饣  ᪥,    p 1024    .
設⢮    뢮    ᪠   pp
512 ,  ⭮ df(C), du(C), ls(C), lc(C)  find(C). p
⮬    䠩  ⥬  pp  1024  䠩 p-
p 500  㪠뢠 ⨬ ⨫⠬,    騩  2
, ..  䠩   ⥬ , p -
.
                            - 13-10 -

⥭      512 .  p 40-⭮ ⪮
᪠    1024   ⠢  39168.  ⨬,  
    ᪠ ppp  ᯮ짮 ⥬ 
㯭  pp 짮⥫.  pp ⨯筮
 ᪠   饩  ᪠, 㪠  -
⮢⥫.

     ᫮ p⪮  

     ᫮ p⪮          ᯮ   
mkfs(ADM)  fsck(ADM)  ᠭ ⮣,   p饭 
᪥.   ⠡. 13.5 p᫥ ᫠ p⪮   
  ⪨ ᪮, ᯮ㥬  ⨯筮 p.

      13.5 ᫮   p⪮

᪨               p⪨     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ,48ds9       1            9
 ,96ds15      1            15
 ,135ds9      1            9
 ,135ds18     1            18
⪨             1            34
     ᫮     ⠪  p  ⥬ p
᫠ ᥪp  p (筮 17)  ᫠    -
 ᪥,    2 (⠪   ᥪp p室  -
)  p㣫  襣 楫 ᫠.

     p  p  

        enable  disable 믮  
㤠  p   .   p  ᯮ
 install pp netutil.   p    
  室 㪠뢠  ᫥⥫ 設,  p
p ⢫ ᮥ p  .  ᫥-
饩  ⠡ p᫥ ᯥ樠   ᫥⥫-
 設 ( ⢨⥫쭮  ᫥⥫  p⮢  
,    p p ).   䠩 -뢮,
ᮮ⢥饣 ⨬ ᫥⥫ 設,   ᪠ 
⠫ dev.  ⨬,   䠩 dev/console   dev/tty01 
dev/tty12 p⠢ ᮡ  pp   㯭 
 p   p㣮 pp.  p ⮣,  
  ᫥⥫ 設   ᠭ serial(HW).
                               .
                            - 13-11 -

      13.6 ᫥⥫ p⢠

 䠩           
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

/dev/tty1a    ᫥⥫쭠 設 ( p p
             )
/dev/tty2a   ᭠ ᫥⥫쭠 設 ( p
             p )
/dev/tty1    ᫥⥫쭠 設 ( p p
             )
/dev/tty2   ᭠ ᫥⥫쭠 設 ( p p
             )

 14
 ,   

                                                   14-1
  䨣஢ ᫥⥫ ⮢      14-2
⠭ ᫥⥫쭮 ᮫                         14-4
 ନ                                       14-5
  ନ                                   14-9
      gettydefs                                        14-9
      䠩 gettydefs                             14-11
     ஢ઠ ࠬ஢ ⠭ ନ               14-13
 ࠡ ᫥⥫쭮                     14-15
 ⨯ ନ                                     14-17
⮬᪮  ⨯ ନ                      14-19
 ନ                                         14-20
ᯮ짮 ᫥⥫ ࠭ ।⢠
mscreen                                                    14-21
      ࠢ⥩                                  14-24
     ᮢ襭⢮ ᯮ짮                     14-25
ᯮ짮   ⥬                             14-28
     ᫥⥫                                 14-28
     室   襣                   14-28
     ⠭ , ᯥ稢饣 뫪 
                                               14-30
      ࠢ⥩                                  14-33
     祭                                14-35
     ⠭ , ᯥ稢饣 室  
     ଠ樮                                 14-36
      ࠢ⥩                                  14-37
      ᯥ祭 室   ଠ樮
       ᯥ祭 뫪      14-40
     ⠭ ࠧ塞  ᯥ祭 室 
      ଠ樮 /ᯥ祭 뫪
                                         14-40
     ࠬ ⠭  Hayes                      14-40

                         - 14-1 -

                    

      祩 ⥬   -
  ਩  ன,  ⠪  ନ  ,  
⥬.    ᫥⥫ ன  
  짮⥫  ⥬    ⥬.
        ᫥騥 :
     * 䨧᪮  ᮥ  ᫥⥫  ன 
     ;
     * 祭 ᫥⥫ ன  ࠡ, 
     ᫥⥫ ࠭;
     * ᯥ祭 ᫥⥫ ன.
     ⨬,  䨧᪨  ᮥ    ன⢮  
⥬      ᮮ⢥⢨  䨣樥 .
 祭 ᯥ筮 ଠ樨  ᮥ ᫥-
⥫쭮  ன⢠ ᫥   㪮⢠  -
  ன   .

                         - 14-2 -

      

        ७ ⨯ ᫥ ᭠-
 ।,      ⥫㠫쭮  ᫥-
⥫쭮 ⮩   ⠭⭮ ᫥⥫쭮 ⮩. ᫨
  ⥫㠫쭮,   ந⥫ ᯥ稢
ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ࠩ ⠭.   ,   
ॡ     ⥬ UNIX.
     । ⠭    ᬮ    "ᯮ짮
 設"  㪮⢠  祭 ଠ樨,  -
          ஢ ଠ Release
Notes (砭  ), ⭮  ᮢ⨬ -
.     ⠭,  騬  ,
  室  㪮   -
.
     ᫨    ⠭⭮ ᫥⥫쭮 -
⮩,  ᫥騥 樨 ,  ᮧ  䠩
ன  ⥫ ⮢.
     1. 㧨  ⥬   ० ᮯ஢ -
     .
     2.   宦  ० ᮯ஢ ⥬ :
   /etc/mkdev serial
      sysadmsh 롮 짮⥫: ⥬ --> 
                 --> ᫥⥫쭮 
     3. ⮡ࠦ ᫥饥:
  +--------------------------------------------------------
  |   ᫥ ⠭:
  |    1.   1
  |    2.   2
  |    3.   3
  |    4.   5
  |    5.   8
  |  롥    'q'  室:
  |
      ᮮ⢥饥 ᫮   <>.

                         - 14-3 -

     4. ணࠬ  ⢥   뤠 ᫥饥  ( -
設⢥ ⥬    ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  1 
2):
  +----------------------------------------------------
  |   䨣஢ :
  |    1. 1
  |    2. 2
  |    3. 3
  |    4. 4
     롥    'h'    
   'q'  믮 室.
     ᫨  롥e 'h',   㢨  ⠡,  
, ⨯ ,  /뢮   ﭨ.
      ᫮    <>. ᫥ ⮣, 
mkdev ਭ ᫮ ,   㢨 ᯨ᮪,  ᮤঠ騩 
䨣 ⮢   ⮢ ࠢ .  -
ਬ tty2a  tty2A ⭮    ⮬  ᫥⥫-
 ,   tty2A  ࠢ ,    ६ 
tty2a  ⭮  ⮬  ᠬ   ࠢ .
      ⮫쪮        
ࠧ,   ࠢ ,   ⠪ ࠢ.
     , ᫥ ⮣,   ᫥⥫  䨣-
஢,  㡥,   ⠪ ।  䨣樨 -
 ⥬.
     ஢ 㪮⢮     ।-
 䨣樨 ⥬.  ᫨ ⥬ 䨣஢  -
      CMOS,    ।   
(ᬮ cmos(HW)).
     ᫨ ⥬  䨣 ⠭ ४⥫ 
  ⥬, ।   ⠭ ᮮ-
  ४⥫  (ᬮ  ଠ  ⠭
४⥫  㪮⢠  ).
ਬ砭
  饭  訡 ⮡ࠦ,  ᫨  ⠥ 
    ᫥⥫쭮 ,    ⠭ 
  ।.

                         - 14-4 -

           

      ⢥  ⥬ ᮫  䨣஢ ᫥-
⥫쭮 ன⢮,      ᯫ  .  ணࠬ
boot   ᮫  㬮砭  ६ 㧪  ᮮ⢥-
⢨  ᫥饩 楤ன:
  1. ணࠬ  boot ᬠਢ  SYSTTY = x (
       ன⢠ ᮫ ⥬)  䠩 /etc/default/
     boot.
  2. ᫨  SYSTTY     䠩  /etc/default/boot
      ⠥,  boot ஢ ⥬  ᯫ 
      砥   ᮫ ⥬.
  3. ᫨  ᯫ      ,  boot ᬠਢ
     tty1a, ⠭  ᫥⥫쭮  9600 ,
     8 ⮢ ,  1 ⮯ , ⢨ ⭮  -
        ⥬ ᮫.
      ⠭  ᫥⥫쭮 ᮫ ᮧ ᫥騩
  䠩 /etc/default/boot (   '0'   -
     '1'  ᫥⥫쭮  1):

     SYSTTY = x

       ன⢠ ⥬ ᮫ ப 
 systty=x  ⢥  ᪠ 楤 砫쭮  -
㧪  (     '0'  ᯫ    '1'
 ᫥⥫쭮  1).    ᮧ   -
  SYSTTY  䠩 /etc/default/boot.

                         - 14-5 -

             

     ।  ନ  ⥬     㪮-
   襣 ନ  祭 権
 裡 ନ  ᫥⥫쭮 . ஬ ⮣, -
   ᯨ ⠭ ᫥⥫    "-
  䠩 ᯥ樠 ன ⥬ UNIX"  宦-
   襩 ᫥⥫쭮 .  (᫨  
᫥⥫ ,    ⥫  䠩
ன ᫥  serial(HW)).
       ନ  ⥬ ᮥ   -

enable().
     ᯥ稢   ⨯  ନ.    ࠧ
terminals() 㬥 User's Reference  祭  -
饣 ᯨ᪠ ᯥ稢 ନ.  ᯥ祭 ନ-
 ⢫ १ 䠩 /etc/termcap,  ᮤঠ騩 ।-
    䨪樨  ⨩  ,    ⠪ ࠢ騥
᫥⥫쭮,     ନ  ନ.
 祭 ଠ樨  ᠭ 䠩 /etc/termcap ᬮ-
 ࠧ termcap()  㬥 User's Reference.
     騥 蠣  뢠,   ⢨  ନ
⠭ ⠭,  ᫥⥫  ""  ᫥-
⥫  ७:
  1.  蠣 ।祭  ᫥⥫    -
     .  ᫨    ନ ।⢥  
     , ய ᫥騩 蠣.
     ᫨  ᯮ ᯥ祭  4-    8-  ⮢
      ७,  ஢,     ᯮ
      ६ 楤 砫쭮 㧪  ஢મ ᮮ饭
     砫쭮 㧪 樮 ⥬ UNIX.  ᫨  -
      砫쭮 㧪  뤠  ४⭮ ᮮ饭
      襩 ,   ४⥫   ⠭ -
     ࠢ쭮.  ஢ 㬥     
     ࠢ쭮  ⠭  ४⥫   Release Notes 
     ࠢ쭮  ᮢ.  ⭮  ⠬, -
     ᫥,  ᯥ稢,  㬥 Release Notes.

                         - 14-5 -

     ᯥ稢 ந⥫  ࠩ    
     ᯮ騥 ᮮ饭  ६ 砫쭮  㧪.  ᫨
       ७    "⥫㠫쭮"  ⮩  
     ᯥ祭 ந⥫ ࠩ஬,    ᫥ -
       mkdev  serial  믮 楤 ⠭.
     ⮡ ᯮ    ⥬,  ᫥ 믮
     ணࠬ ⠭, ।⠢塞 ந⥫.

     稬 뢠    ⠭ ⠬ :  1 -
     뢠 4  2 - 뢠 3.   ᫥-
     ⥫  ᯮ  뢠  ,  -
     ⮬  寮⮢   ᯮ짮  1  
     2.   㤮⢮ ॡ 㣨 த⮢ 
       ।饭 䫨⮢ 뢠. -
      ࠧ serial(HW)  祭 ⥫쭮 -
     樨  1  2.

                             - 14-6 -

      ᯥ祭   ࠢ쭮  ᪮䨣஢  
     㦭    ᯮ   ६  楤  -
     砫쭮 㧪, 믮  :

     /etc/mkdev serial

       sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨: ⥬ -->  -
     -> ᫥⥫쭠 

      ᮧ 䠩 ன  ⥫  ᫥-
     ⥫ ⮢.
  2. ,    祭  ⥬  ⢥  
     짮⥫᪮ ०.

     ᮥ ନ   .  ⠭  
     9600 , 8 ⮢ , 1 ⮯ , ⢨ -
     ஫ ⭮, 㯫 ०  ⢨ XON/
     XOFF.  ᫨ ନ  ࠡ⠥  ⮬ ०,   
     ଠ    䨣樨 ନ  ࠧ "
     䠩 gettydefs",  ᯮ   ⮩ ,   
     ࠭ stty(C) 㬥 User's Reference.

      ନ ᮥ  ।⢥
      .  㣨 ନ ᮥ    .
     ନ,  ᮥ塞   ,  ᯮ "㫥
     "  " " -     ᯮ짮묨
     ⠪⠬  2    3.  ᮥ ନ ⠪ ࠧ,
     ⮡ ।   ᫥⥫쭮  뫠  -
         祭    ନ ᫥⥫쭮
     .      易    .
     㣨 ⠪ ⭮  ᫥ ᮥ.  樮-
      ⥬ ॡ ⮫쪮 ᮥ ⠪⮢ 2,  3  7.

     ⥫쭠 ଠ  ନ ᮤন    㪮-
     ⢥   ନ  㬥樨  ᫥⥫쭮
     㭨樨.
  3. ᫨  ,   <> ᪮쪮 ࠧ,
     ⮡ 㢨  ᪠ login:.  ᫨   ந-
     ,   ⮢  祭  ⥬.  ᫨ , -
      ᮫  ࠡ稩 ନ  祭 

                         - 14-6 -

     ⥬  ⢥ 㯥௮짮⥫ (୥),    -
     ன  ⮩ :

    disable ttyname

      ।饩    ttyname  -  ᯥ樠쭮  -
     ன⢠ ᬠਢ .  ,   ᯮ-
        ன⢮   ࠢ      ,   ਬ
     /dev/tty1a,    /dev/tty1A.  ⥫쭠 ଠ 
        ᫥⥫쭮     ᮤন    ࠧ
     serial(HW)  ࠧ "  䨣஢ ᫥-
     ⥫ ⮢"   .

                         - 14-7 -

  4. ஢,    ⮣ ᫥⥫쭮  
     䠩   /etc/inittab   룫廊   筮    ᫥饬
     (ttyname -           䠩   ன⢠,   ਬ,
     /dev/tty1a):

     t1a:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty1a m

     ᫨   ᮮ⢥ ਢ   ⮬ ਬ
     ࠧ, । 䠩   ४樨. ଠ 
     ଠ  䠩   /etc/inittb   ᮤন      ࠭
     inittab(F) 㬥 User's Reference.

ਬ砭
  ᫨   ,   ⮡      ,   ᤥ   
  /etc/inittb 뫨 ﭭ묨,  ᫥ ⠪ ᤥ -
     /etc/conf/cf.d/init.base.  室, ⠪
    ࠧ,    । ( -
     ࠩ         ࠨ   ࠬ)
  /etc/inittb ४  ⮢  /etc/conf/cf.d/
  init.base.
  5. ᬮ  ᮫  ⢥ root,  ᬮ   -
     ࠢ 室  ନ :

     2date > /dev/ttyname

     ᫨   㢨 ,  ⠭  ନ,   
     㢥७  ४⭮ ttyname, ⠩  -
      ttynames  ⮣ ᫥⥫쭮  .  ᫨  
        㢨 ,  ⯥⠭  ନ,  -
     ⠩ 믮 ᫥饥:
     - 㡥,  ନ ᮥ 㦭 ࠧ;
     - ஢,     䨣஢  ࠢ쭮.  ᫨
     ᫥⥫   ,      ᯮ,  
     25-⠪ ࠧꥬ ((DB-25),  ⠩, 稭  蠣
     2   ।饬  権.   ⠪ 2,
     3  7 ࠢ쭮?  (⨬,  ⠪, ⫨  2, 3
      7  ᯮ).
     ᫨  ⥬   ७   9-⠪
     ࠧꥬ  (DB-9),   ᫥ ᯮ짮 (9-25) ⠪-
      ࠧꥬ.  㪮⢮    -
       ଠ樨  (9-25)- ⠪ ᮥ;
     - ஢ 䨣 ⠭ ନ.  蠣
     2 ।饣  権;

                         - 14-8 -

     - ஢ ४⥫ ᫥⥫쭮 . ᫨ 
     ᯮ ⮢ ,  ⠩ ᯮ짮
     㣨   ⮩ ;
     - ᮥ ନ   ⠭⭮, ᫥⥫쭮
      (1  2), ⮡ 㡥,  ନ  -
      ࠡ ࠢ쭮.  ᫨    㦥  ᯮ  
     1, ⠩ ४  㣮 .
        ᫨  ᯥ譮 ⠭ 㣮 ନ, ४
         ࠡ騬  ࠡ騬 ନ 
       ࠧ.        襭  ⭮
     ஡.  ⨬,   ᡮ  
     ࠡ  ࠢ 樮 ⥬ DOS,    
      ࠢ 樮 ⥬ UNIX.
  6.   ⠥    ନ,  ࠧ  
     ᫥饩 :

     2enable ttyname

      enable ᪠  getty,  ⮡ࠦ
     ᫥ ᪠ 祭:

     login:

     ᫨    ᪠ "login",  ᫥ -
     ,  ⮡ 㡥,  getty 믮   
      ணࠬ 䨣஢ ࠢ쭮:

     2ps -t ttyname
     ࠭  ⮡ࠦ ᮮ饭 筮 ⮬,  
       ᫥饬 ਬ,      "login",  
     "getty"    "COMMAND":

 +-----------------------------------------------------
 | PID    TTY   TIME      COMMAND
 |              (६)   ()
 | 2557   1a    0:06      getty

  7. ᫨  ࠫ  enable   disable    ࠧ,  
     ,      getty    믮
      ⮣ .  ᫨ ⠪,  ன ⥬, 믮
      㧪,  믮 楤 祭  -
     ⢥ ""  짮⥫᪮ ०    ⠩-
      믮 ᢮ ⢨ ᭮.

                         - 14-9 -

                     

     ⥬   ⮬᪨  ஢   ᪮쪨
᪮ ।  ନ   ᪮쪨 ࠬࠬ  -
⠭.     ணࠬ,   ⮡ࠦ ᮮ饭 login
(getty()) ⠥  祭  ନ  ⠡,  -
ࠡ뢠    ࠬ ⠭  ᯥ譮 襭 
 ⮣,   짮⥫ ᬮ    ⥬.  
⠡ ᯥ稢 ᪮쪮 ࠬ஢ ⠭,  ਭ-
  㬮砭  ࠧ ⨯  ନ.
     Getty ⮬᪨  믮    login.
 ࠬ஢ ⠭ ନ 室  䠩, -
  /etc/gettydefs.    ।஢ 䠩 gettydefs
  ࠧ ஢ ࠪ⨪  ନ  
 .

                 gettydefs

      /etc/gettydefs ᮤন ଠ,  ணࠬ
getty ᯮ   ࠪ⨪  ନ, -
  ᪮ ।   .   ࠭  
⠡.   ⠡ ࠧ   .  -
 :

label#initial-flags#final-flags#login-prompt#next-label
⪠  砫        ᪠    ᫥
       䫠        䫠       login        ⪠

[#login-program]
ணࠬ login

     ⨬ ﬨ :

  label            gettydefs   ணࠬ
                 getty.      ᫮  㪢.  label
                 ᮮ⢥  ०   /etc/inittab.
                 ணࠬ  init  । ०  ணࠬ
                 getty,  㬥.

  initial-flags  ⠭ ࠪ⨪    ନ,
                   ணࠬ getty ࢮ砫쭮 ⠭-
                  .  ணࠬ getty ᯮ  䫠,

                         - 14-9 -
                 ᫥  termio()    㬥  User's
                 Reference.    ⢥ ⠭
                 䫠  ⮬   䫠 ᪮ -
                 .  ਬ  300  ᪮ ।,
                 ࠢ 300.

                         - 14-10 -

    final-flags ⠭ ࠪ⨪    ନ
                (ࠧ     । ⥬,   ணࠬ getty  -
                   楤   login.   䫠   -
                뢠 ࠡ稥 ࠪ⨪  . 
                ⠭  ᪮  । .  㣨
                騥 䫠  SANE (⠢ 䫠, -
                  ⠭    鸞  ࠪ⨪
                ନ ᮮ⢥騥 祭, 3 (-
                  ⠡  ஡),  IXANY (ࠧ蠥
                 ᨬ 믮   室)  
                HUPCL (墠뢠   筮 -
                ⨨).      浪.
   login-prompt ᮤন ᮮ饭 LOGIN, 뤠 짮-
                ⥫.    ⠥ 筮  ⮬ , 
                  ,   ஡  ᨬ
                ⠡樨.   "@"   ᪠  login
                   ࢮ ப ( ன -
                ,  ᫨  )   䠩  /etc/systemid
                (᫨  ⮫쪮  ᨬ  @  । 
                '\').
                ᯮ ᪮쪮     ᫥⥫쭮⥩
                ᨬ, :
             \n  ॢ ப           \t  ⠡
             \r   ⪨          \f  ॢ ଠ
             \v  ⨪쭠 ⠡   \b  ஡
             \nnn (3 쬥 )
                   ᨬ ASCII
   next-label    ᫥   gettydefs 
                getty  ୮ 믮, ᫨ ।-
                饥 稢 㤠筮. Getty 室 
                ᫥  ,  ᫨  짮⥫ 
                 BREAK  ⪥ 祭  -
                .  㯯 ⮢, ⠪  㥬
                 TTY ,    ࠧ뢠  
                 ⠪,   getty 室 ⭮  -
                砫쭮 室,  ᫨       㣨
                室  믮 ᯥ譮.

  login-program  ணࠬ,        ⢨⥫쭮
                砥 짮⥫  ⥬.  㬮-

                         - 14-10 -

                  ணࠬ /etc/login.   -
                 롮.
                ᫨    祢  ᫮  AUTO,  
                getty  뤠 ᪠    짮-
                ⥫,    ⮣ ᯮ  ன-
                ⢠ (  tty03)   짮⥫  -
                 믮 ணࠬ login.

                         - 14-11 -

        ࠧ   ⪨ (#)   -
  gettydefs ࠧ ⮩ ப.
       gettydefs  룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

4#B1200 SANE TAB3 HUPCL #login: #2#AUTO /etc/login new

      ᫥ ᠭ   ⮩ ப:
     * ᫮ 4    getty;
     * ᫥饥   ᪮ । 1200;
     *   㪠뢠 ᪮  ।  (1200),  SANE
       (⠢  䫠  鸞 ࠪ⨪)  HUPCL (-
        ப  筮 ⨨);
     * login :   ᪠ login. ᫨  
         ᯥ譮, getty 室  ⪥ 2  gettydefs;
     * AUTO   ⠥     짮⥫   믮
       /etc/login new.
     ᫨ ᫥  ⠪ ᮤন filename,   믮-
 ணࠬ login.  (⨬,  filename  ᮮ⢥-
  ணࠬ  login ᮧ 짮⥫).  ਬ 
ᯮ짮 祭 䠩,  ⠪  /etc/dil_login 
,  ᮥ    .   䨪
짮⥫,   ஫, ஢ 짮⥫  
  짮⥫.    ⮬  ॡ ஫
 ⥬    ⭮  ஫,    ⠪  
ᯥ樠쭮  ६ । 祭,  祭 
/etc/default/dial_login.

               䠩 gettydefs

      /etc/gettydefs   ⮢  -
     ନ.    ⮢ ᮮ⢥-
  ०   /etc/inittab. ணࠬ init -
। ०   㬥  getty.

                         - 14-12 -

      ।஢ gettydefs    ⠭-
  ନ   .  ਬ 
⠭  ନ  룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

4 # B2400 HUPCL # B2400 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 5

5 # B4800 HUPCL # B4800 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 6

6 # B6900 HUPCL # B6900 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 4
       䠩-ࠧ gettydefs ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡
getty ⠫ ᯮ짮 ᪮  ।  1200  믮
᫥騥 ⢨:
  1. 맮  ⥪c⮢  ।    ।஢  ࢮ
     ப 䠩 gettydefs.
  2.  ࢮ     2400  1200.
  3. ࠭ gettydefs  멤  ।.
     -ࠧ 㤥 룫拉   ᫥饬 ਬ:
4 # B1200 HUPCL # B1200 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 5

5 # B4800 HUPCL # B4800 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 6

6 # B6900 HUPCL # B6900 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 4
        ⠪  ⥫   
ନ  gettydefs.    ⨬ 祭  
 ନ ᫥  stty(C) 㬥 User's Reference.
         ,  㡥,   㯯
⮢    gettydefs  ࠧ  ,  ⠪  
next-label ᫥  ࠢ getty ⭮   -
  㯯.
       , 饣 ᪮ । 300 
।饬  䠩 ࠧ gettydefs 믮 ᫥騥 -
:
  1. 맮 ⥪⮢ ।  ।஢ 䠩 /etc/
     gettydefs.

                         - 14-13 -

  2.  ,        ।
     ⠭  gettydefs. 冷 ⮢  ⢥;
     getty ⮫쪮 ᬠਢ .    ਬ  
       ᫥ ⮬ 䠩.
  3.  ᨬ  ⪨ ᫥ ᫥ ப 
     䠩   ᫥  ப

# B300 HUPCL # B300 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 4

  4.   饭  ⪨  7      ⮪     
     next_label    6  7:

6 # B6900 HUPCL # B6900 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 7

     Getty ⥯ ࠢ  ⪨ 6   7   -
⭮   4.

  5.   ࠡ ⥪⮢ ।  ࠭ -
      䠩 gettydefs.
      䠩 gettydefs 룫廊 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
4 # B1200 HUPCL # B1200 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 5

5 # B4800 HUPCL # B4800 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 6

6 # B6900 HUPCL # B6900 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 7

7 # B300 HUPCL # B300 CS8 SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
#\r\n@!login: # 4

         ஢ઠ ࠬ஢ ⠭ ନ

      ࠧ,     ࠬ ⠭  
ନ      䠩 gettydefs ᫥-
 ஢,   祭 㤮⢮ getty ⮡ ᤥ-
 ,  ᯮ  getty   ஢ન -
  䠩.
     ਬ  ஢ન gettydefs :
     getty -c /etc/gettydefs

                         - 14-14 -

     ᫨   祭    ࠬ஢  ⠭    䠩
gettydefs  ࠧ襭, getty - ⮡ࠦ   ࠭ ନ-
.
     ⥫쭠 ଠ  getty  gettydefs ᮤন 
ࠧ getty(M)  gettydefs(F) 㬥 User's Reference.

                         - 14-15 -

          

       "뢠" ନ    enable,  ⥬
⮬᪨  ⠭  ࠡ稥 ࠪ⨪ ᫥-
⥫쭮   㬮砭.   祭  ᮮ⢥-
 稭,  ᯮ㥬 ନ  ⮬  -
,  ⮡ ᯥ   ⥬  ନ.  
⮡ࠧ ࠡ稥 ࠪ⨪ ᫥⥫쭮  -
 stty (set tty).  ᫨ 㦭  ࠪ⨪ "-
⮣" , ᫥ ᯮ짮   䠩 gettydefs, 
  stty, ਢ .

ਬ砭
   ࠬ  ⠭    ,    
  stty,   ⮫쪮   ,  ᬠਢ 
  .  ਬ,  ᫨    ᪮ ।
  tty2a,  tty2a  "",  ᭠砫  stty 뢠
  ,   ࠬ ⠭   ⥫쭮
  뢠 .    뢠  ᫥ ࠧ, -
  祭 ࠬ஢ ⠭ ⠭  ᢮ ࢮ-
  砫 祭.    stty     ࠧ
  ᯮ  横  while  ࠭ ⠪  -
   stty.  ᫨  믮  stty  ७ࠢ  室  
  </dev/ttyname,   ࠡ⠥  ⥪饩 ᫥⥫쭮 -
  ,    뫨.   ⮬ 砥 ⠪   ᫥-
  ⥫쭠    ⠥  ⮩ ᫥ 뤠  stty,
  祭 ࠬ஢ ⠭ ࠭.

      ⮡ࠧ ⥪騥 ࠡ稥 ࠪ⨪ ᫥-
⥫쭮    ⮩   ନ, ᮥ
 ⮩ :

     stty

     ᫨    ⥬   ⮣ ନ,
  ᯮ짮 㣮 ନ  ⮡ࠦ ࠪ-
⨪.    ⥬  㯥௮짮⥫  㣮
ନ  :

     2stty < ttyname

                         - 14-15 -

      ।饩   ttyname -   ᯥ樠쭮 䠩
ன⢠,  ᮮ⢥饣 ᫥⥫쭮   (ᬮ
 " UNIX  ᯥ樠 䠩 ன").  -
   ⮡ࠦ ⥪騥 ࠪ⨪ ᫥-
⥫쭮    /dev/tty1a:

                         - 14-16 -

     stty < /dev/tty1a

      ⮡ࠦ  ᪮  ।,  奬  ⭮ 
 ଠ  ᫥⥫쭮 .  ଠ -
  ࠧ stty() 㬥 User's Reference.
            ᫥⥫쭮  
    ᪮  ।.   筮  
ନ, ᮥ  㣮 ᫥⥫쭮 , ⠪
  ᪮ 蠥   ନ  -
. । ⥬,    ᪮,  室 
⥪  ᪮  ।  ନ (ᬮ 㪮⢮ 
 ନ  । ⥪饩  ᪮  ।-
).  ᫥ ⮣,    稫 ᪮ ।, -
  ⥬  㯥௮짮⥫  㣮 ନ  -
:

  2(stty 1baud-rate; while:; do sleep 3600; done) < ttyname &,

 baud-rate  -    ⥪  ᪮ । ନ,  
ttyname -   ᯥ樠쭮 䠩 ன⢠,  ᮮ⢥-
饣 ᫥⥫쭮 ,  ன   ஢ -
.   ।  ᮤঠ   50, 75,
110, 134, 150, 200, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800  9600.

     ਬ :

     (stty 9600; while:; do sleep 3600; done) < /dev/tty1a &

 ᪮  । ᫥⥫쭮  /dev/tty1a
 9600. ⨬,  ᨬ ", 祬" (<) ᯮ 
 ⮡ࠦ,  ⠪    ࠬ஢ ᫥⥫쭮
  㣮 ନ.
     㣨        ᯮᮡ,
 ⥬ ࠡ뢠 室  室   ᫥⥫쭮
.    筮   ନ,  ᮥ-
  ᫥⥫쭮 . ਬ 

     stty tabs

ਢ  ⮬,  ⥬  ᨬ ⠡樨

                         - 14-16 -

஡ (ᯮ ନ,     ᨬ-
 ⠡樨)  :

     stty echoe

ਢ  ⮬,   ⥬ 㤠 㤠塞 ᨬ  ࠭
ନ,   ᯮ  <BKSP>.

     ⨬,   stty  ⠪  ᯮ짮  
樨 ᫥⥫쭮   筮 ନ,  -
 ⨯ ᫥⥫쭮 ன⢠,  ॡ饣 樨 
ॣ樨  ⭮  ᯥ樠쭮 ࠡ⪨   뢮.
      ᠭ ⮩  ᮤন   ࠧ stty(C)
㬥 User's Reference.

                         - 14-17 -

               

     ⥬ UNIX ॡ, ⮡ ⨯ ନ  ᭮ ।-
 । ࠡ⮩  ⨬ ନ.  ।⥫  ⮤
  ⨯  ନ    祭  ⨯ ६
TERM,  ᯥ樠쭮 ६ ।,  뢠饩  ᯮ㥬
ନ      ᯨ᪮   ࠪ⨪,  ਢ    䠩
/etc/termap.   ࠪ⨪ ᮮ ⥬,  -
஢   ନ   ⮡ࠦ   ࠭
ନ.  E᫨  ᯮ  Bourne shell (sh),  
祭 TERM  :

     2TERM=1termtype; export Term

     ᫨   ᯮ   (csh),   祭 TERM
 :

     2setenv TERM termtype

     termtype     ,  易    
ନ, ।  䠩 /etc/termcap. 祭 -
   ନ, ⨯ ண  ⠭.
     ਬ   ⠭  ⨯ ନ "ansi"  窨
Bourne   ନ,       ⠭,
 ᪠ 窨 ("$"):

     TERM=ansi; export TERM

     <>.   窨   ᪠
("%")

     setenv TERM ansi
  <>.
     ᫨   㢥७  ⮬,     ᯮ짮
  termtype,      ᬮ   ⮡ࠦ
䠩   /etc/termcap,      ⥭   ࠭   㪮⢠
terminals (M) 㬥 User's Reference,   
ନ,  ᯥ祭  䠩 /etc/termcap.   ⮡ࠦ
ᠬ ᯨ᪠ :

     more /etc/termcap
   <>.

                         - 14-18 -

        ⥬ । ⨯ ନ -
᪨,   砥  ⥬, 稢 祭
TERM  䠩 .profile (ᬮ  "  䠩  .profile  
.login"   "  ⠭ ⥬").
     ୠ⨢ ⮤  ⨯ ନ ᠭ   ࠧ-
 tset(C) 㬥 User's Reference.
     ᫨   ⥬ ⠭ ⨯ ନ, ᫥-
  ஦  祭  ⥬  ନ, -
  ⭮  ⮬  ⨯,    ஬  ⭮  
  ନ.    ⥬  ᯮᮡ ஢ન -
४⭮  ନ,   ।  ⨯  ନ,
  襬  筮 ନ.  ᫨   ⠪,  
᫥ ⠭ ⨯ ନ .

                         - 14-19 -

        

     ᫨  , ⮡ ⨯ ନ  ⮬-
  ६ 祭  ⥬, 믮 ᫥ 楤-
:
  1.     ᬠਢ  ନ  ।,
      ttyname  ᯮ, :

     tty

  2.   root    ।  䠩  /etc/ttytype
     ⥪⮢ ।஬.   ⨯ ନ  -
     ,  易  ᬠਢ ନ,  室-
       ⨯ ନ.    ᮫. ᫨  -
     , ⮡ ⨯ ନ  ⠭  wy50  /dev
     /tty1a, । /etc/ttytype ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     wy50 tty1a

  3.  짮⥫᪨ 䠩 ᪠  ।஢
      ᮮ⢥饩 ப  tset(C)  ⮬-
       ⨯ ନ.    䠩 .login 짮-
     ⥫ 窨   ᫥ ப:

     tset -s -q > /tmp/tset$$; source /tmp/tset$$;
     /bin/rm/tmp/tset$$

       㤠 ப  setenv(C), ਭ
      㬮砭  饩 TERM  TERMCAP   䠩 .login.

       .profile 짮⥫  窨  Bourne  
     ᫥ ப:

     eval 'tset -s'

       㤠 饩 ப  tset  䠩-
      .profile.
  4. ⪫   짮⥫  ⥬,   -
       ⥬ ᭮  ஢ન    ⨯  
     ନ.  ᫥  祭    ⥬ ஢ 
     termtype :

     env

                         - 14-20 -

                   

     ६  ६   室 㤠  -
  ⥬, ਬ, ᫨     -
 㣨 ன⢮. । ⥬,    㤠 ନ-
,   ⪫   disable(C).
      㤠 ନ 믮 ᫥騥 蠣:
  1. 몫 ⠭ ନ.
  2.   ⥬    㯥௮짮⥫    㣮
     ନ.
  3. ᯮ  disable  ⪫祭 ନ.  -
       :

     2disable ttyname

      ttyname  -    ᫥⥫쭮 ,   ன
     ᮥ ନ. ਬ, :

     disable /dev/tty1a

     ⪫砥 ନ,  易   ᫥⥫쭮  
     /dev/tty1a.
  4. ᮥ ନ  ⥬.
     ᫥⥫쭠 ,  ࠭ ᮥ  ନ,
⥯ ᢮  ਭ 㣮 ன⢠.

                         - 14-21 -

           
                    MSCREEN

     ᫨       multiscreen(M),  ।⢠,  
ᯥ稢 ⢮ ⤥ ࠭ login   ᮫, 
    ᯮ짮  筮  ।⢠ 
ନ.  ନ,   ⢮ ࠭ ࠭
,  ᯮ짮  ࠧ塞묨 ࠭,  
᢮ ᥠᮬ login,  ⠪,         ᪮쪮
ନ  .
      ନ WYS60     ࠭ ᮤন
   ࠭ ⨢.  ᯮ짮 쥣 ࠭
 WYS60 㦤 .   砥,    ᯮ짮
 ࠭ 祭 宦  ਬ   ନ.
 㭪樮쭮 ᨨ login ᯥ稢  
࠭,  ࠭ 믮塞  (  १) ⮡-
   ࠭,     ᯮ.    饩
 뢠 WYS60,   ⮬  ⢥ ᭮  
ਬ஢ ᯮ  ࠭ ࠭ .
       ⠪ ࠭ ᫮ 㯭 mscreens.  -
 mscreen ᯥ稢       ନ,
   宦   logging  ,  祬 
ନ.   ᨨ ᯥ稢  "ᥢ ttys",    
 ன tty,  筮 ᯮ㥬 ନ  -
. tty -  ᯥ樠 䠩, 易 ।⢥  -
  ன⢮, ᯮ㥬  裡  -
,  ⠪  ନ   ਭ.    tty  ᫥
᫮  㪢.  ᥢ-tty -  ன⢮, ஥  易
 - ॠ쭮 ன  ᯮ   -
 㭪権 ॠ쭮 tty.
     짮⥫ ⥢ த⮢  㦥     
ᥢ-ttys,  ⠪    ன⢠,  ᯮ㥬묨
 祭   ⥬    㤠  設.  ᥢ-tty
।⠢  ணࠬ묨 ன⢠,  -
  ⨭ /dev  "pty"  "ttyp",      
᫥ ᫮.   뢠 "" tty,   ᫥ -
"稭".   㭪樮 tty.
     ᫥ ⠭  ⥬  ᪠  ᨬ 16 ࠭ 
⮫쪮 8 ᥢ-ttys ᮧ  ६ 楤 ⠭. 
  ᮧ  襥  ⢮ ᥢ-ttys   १
  ࠭  ⥬  ணࠬ  㭪 14-1.

                         - 14-21 -

 । ᥢ-ttys,    ᯮ짮, -
 䨣㥬 ࠬ஬ NSPTTYS,  ।
᫮ ᥢ-ttys,  ᯮ ⥬  (  㬮砭  
६  ⠭    16).  ᪠ ᨬ 32 ᥢ-
-ttys.  ᫨   ᯮ짮  16 ᥢ-ttys,
    㢥  ࠬ    ᮧ -
⥫ ᥢ-ttys. ⨬,  ப " 

                         - 14-22 -

 8 9 10"  㭪 14-1   23,   砥, 
ᮧ  16 ⥫ ᥢ-ttys ((0 - 7) 㦥 ).
 㪮  ப, ᫨   㦭 ⠪  ᥢ-
-ttys.   ⠪    31, ᫨  㦥 -
ᨬ 32.

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|# ⨯ '1 /dev/ptyp*'   ᪮쪮 , :|
|# crw----------- 1  ନ 59, 26  08:21 /dev/ptyp0   |
|#                                                             |
|# ⠭ ६ " " (), ࠢ ਢ-|
|#                                         |
|major_master=59                                               |
|# ⨯ '1 /dev/ptyp*'   ᪮쪮 , :|
|# crw----------- 1  ନ 58, 26  08:21 /dev/ttyp0   |
|#                                                             |
|# ⠭ ६ " " (), ࠢ ਢ-|
|#                                         |
|major_slave=58                                                |
|for x in 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23        |
|do                                                            |
|      # make master (믮 ")                     |
|        /etc/mknod /dev/ptyp$x c $major_master $x             |
|     chown bin /dev/ptyp$x                                    |
|     chgrp terminal /dev/ptyp$x                               |
|     chmod 600 /dev/ptyp$x                                    |
|                                                              |
|      # make slave  (믮 "ࠡ")                       |
|        /etc/mknod /dev/ptyp$x c $major_slave $x              |
|     chown bin /dev/ptyp$x                                    |
|     chgrp terminal /dev/ptyp$x                               |
|     chmod 600 /dev/ptyp$x                                    |
|done                                                          |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
. 14-1. 楤 窨 maketyps.

     믮  蠣  䨣樨 ⥫ ࠭
  1. 䨣       ᯥ祭 ⥫
     ᥢ-ttys.  ⠩ ࠧ "ॢ뤥 ᮢ  
       䨣樨"     "ன ந⥫쭮
     ⥬"  㪮⢠  祭 権 

                         - 14-22 -

     믮 configure(ADM). 롥 ⥣ 3,  , i
     -㧫    䠩 ⥬  ⠭ ࠬ NSPTTYS 
     ॡ㥬 祭. 믮 樨  ।-
       । த ࠡ.
  2.   楤  㭪 14-1  䠩, 뢠-
       "makeptys".  ⮡ ᤥ  楤 窨 -
     塞,  ᫥ :

     chmod 744 makeptys

                         - 14-23 -

  3.  믮 ⮩ 楤 窨 㡥,    
     祭    ⥬  root  믮 楤 -
     窨 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     ./makeptys

  4. ᫥  ன   䨣஢  -
     ⥬   ᪠  getty   ᥢ-tty. 
     믮  ⮢  䠩 /etc/inittab  /
     etc/conf/cf.d/init.base.  , 㦥 ।⠢ 
      쬨 ᥢ-ttys 룫 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     p0:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp0 m
     p1:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp1 m
     p2:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp2 m
     p3:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp3 m
     p4:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp4 m
     p5:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp5 m
     p6:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp6 m
     p7:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp7 m
ਬ砭.
   8  ᥢ-ttys  ᪠ ""  "९஦-
  ".  ( ॡ,  ⮡ ᥢ-ttys 뫨 ᪨஢).
        "९஦",    
   ன,   ᫥饬 ਬ:

     enable p0

   ⮬ 뢠 ᥢ-tty  /dev/ttyp0.  (  뢠
   ᥢ-ttys, ᫨  㦥 ᯮ   ).
       ஢   ஢    
      ⥫ ன.  ,   -
     ஢  䠩.  ਬ, ᫨    8 -
     ⥫  ᥢ-ttys,   ᫥  ᫥騥
     ப   䠩:

     p8:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp8 m
     p9:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp9 m
     p10:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp10 m
     p11:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp11 m
     p12:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp12 m
     p13:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp13 m
     p14:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp14 m
     p15:2:respawn:/etc/getty ttyp15 m

                         - 14-24 -

  5.   ᫥ :

     /tcb/lib/ttys_update

      ࠭,    ᯮ 堭-
      ᭮ ⥬.

       ⥩ mscreen  ⥬ 㢥-
  ந⥫쭮  짮⥫.   १୮ -
짮  ᭨ ந⥫쭮 ⥬. ⥬ 
 짮⥫ﬨ,     ᯮ  -
,  ਢ  ⮬,  ந⥫쭮 ⥬ 㤥
⠪  ,    砥  짮⥫.   
ந⥫쭮    襭   ⮬,   
mscreen ᫥ ᯮ짮  ⥬,    㤥  -
 ᯮ짮 .
        ନ  ᮤন 筮 ࠭ -
  ࠭ ଠ樨,  ⮡ࠦ  ᯮ짮
  login,   㦨 ।⢠ mscreen,
 ନ   짮⥫  믮  ४祭
    ࠭,   ᫮,    
筮 ⥫   ᯮ짮  ४-
祭  ࠭.    짮⥫ ⭮  㤥 
 ᯮ짮  ࠭   ࠭ ࠭-
 .  㤮,  ਬ,  ९ ࠭ ନ
 ࠧ  ४祭 ࠭,  ᯮ 㯭-
ଠ⭠ ⠡   ࠭  Vi  㣮.  
,  ᯮ ନ  쭮  -
 । ᫮ 窨 shl(C) mscreen  ⢠ ᨩ
login.  ⥫쭠 ଠ  shl ᮤন  㬥
User's Reference.

                 ࠢ⥩

      ⫨稨   ⨫ ᫮ ।⢠ mscreen ॡ-
 鸞 ᫮  ࠢ쭮 㭪樮஢.    ⨬
।    ᫥      訡,
   짮⥫ mscreen.
      ⮢  ᯮ짮 mscreen 㡥,  -
 㤥 ࠡ  ணࠬ. ।, ᪮쪮

                         - 14-24 -

 ࠭ ,  ⨢  㪮  ନ-
. ⨫ mscreen ᯮ 䠩 /etc/mscreencap  ।-
 ⮣,    ࠧ ࠭  ⤥쭮 ନ-
.      䠩 /etc/mscreencap ᯥ稢 
 鸞 ନ.   ᫥ ,  㣨 ନ
 ࠡ  mscreen,    .  ᫥  -
஢ 䠩 /etc/mscreencap । ᯮ짮 ନ.
᫨  믮 mscreen  ନ,    -
⮢  䠩 /etc/mscreencap,  mscreen  ਩.
     ᫨  㢥७,  ନ 㤥 ࠡ  mscreen  
  ࠡ 楤 mscreencap,   楤 mscreen
  蠥 ਩, ஢ ᫥騥 ஡:

                         - 14-25 -

   - ᮧ  ᥢ-ttys.      ॡ  ᮧ
     襥 ⢮ ᥢ-ttys,  ᫨ ⥪騥  ᥢ-ttys
     㦥 ᯮ. ᯮ 楤 窨  㭪
     14-1  ᮧ 襣 ⢠ ᥢ-ttys.
   - ஢ ४祭. ,  /etc/mscreencap 
     ନ  ४⥭.  ᯮ      ਬ஢   
     /etc/mscreencap    ஢ન  ᯮᮡ,   室
     ᫥⥫쭮 㭪樮   ⮡ࠦ  
     ⤥    mscreen.     ⥬:  
        ⥬ ⤥쭮   ࠭,
       㤥 ᯮ짮.
   - 㭨⮦  mscreen.  ᫨     
     mscreen   ࠢ  ࠭,   ᫥ -
      ᫥饥:
  1. ஢ 믮騥 :

     2ps -uusername

  2. ⮦   2mscreen:

     2kill -g process_numbers

         ᮢ襭⢮ ᯮ짮

      짮⥫ ,  mscreen ।⠢ -
  ।⢠.      ᮢ襭⢮   짮⥫
mscreen   - ᮢ   ஡ -
祭 mscreen  樮 ⥬   ᪮쪮 ᮢ⮢
 ᯮ짮  ७ mscreen.
     ࠭ 㪮⢠  mscreen(M)  ।  ।⢠
⮬᪮ 맮 mscreen  䠩 .login 窨 . -
 ⮬᪮ 맮 mscreen ଠ    㭪  14-2
뢠  㭪樮 mscreen  WYSE 60,   ⠪
  㤮 ।  짮⥫ mscreen. 㭮
14-3 ।⠢   ᠬ ਠ  䠩 .profile -
窨 Bourne.  ⨬,    ਬ ஥஢  -
   䠩 .login  .profile    -
 ଠ  tset.

                         - 14-26 -

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|# Example material for the end of a C-Shell .login file.      |
|# If logging in via pseudo-tty, surpress terminal             |
|# initialization                                              |
|set ttyname='tty'                                             |
|(ਬ   䠩 .login 窨 .                    |
| ᫨ 祭  ⥬ ந室 १ ᥢ-tty,      |
| ४ 樠 ନ. ⠭ ttyname='tty')|
|# Set init to null, iitially.|                                |
|set init=' '                                                  |
|(⠭ init  㫥 祭, ࢮ砫쭮.           |
| ⠭ init=' ')                                         |
|set noglob                                                    |
|# Reset init to the valur "-I" when logging in on a pseudo-tty|
|# to surpress the tset terminal initializations string.       |
|if ( 'expr $ttyname : "/dev/ttyp"' > 0 ) set init = "-I"      |
|set term = ('tset -m ansi:ansi -m wy60 -m:?wy60 -r -S -Q      |
|$init')                                                       |
|setenvTern $term[1]                                           |
|setenvTERMCAP $term[2]         #terminal data base            |
|unset noglob term                                             |
|# Put WYSE 60 in ECON-80 mode during initial log in process.  |
|(⠭ WYSE 60  ० ECON-80  ६ 楤        |
|砫쭮 祭  ⥬)                             |
|if ( "$init" !="-I" && "STERM" == "wy60" ) /bin/echo          |
|"\033eG\c"                                                    |
|# Set the prompt to indicate the tty number of the current    |
|# mscreen and command.                                        |
|(⠭ ᪠, ⮡ 㪠  tty ⥪饣       |
|mscreen  ).                                           |
|set prompt = "'expr $ttynamt : '/dev/)' ` % "                 |
|# Release the local variable used.                            |
|(᢮  ᯮ㥬 ६).               |
|unset ttyname init                                            |
|# Run mscreen and logout if the 'stop' key (defined as S-F9 in|
|# the default /etc/mscreencap for wy60) is pressed. This      |
|# string is described in the mscreen(M) manual pages.         |
|(믮 mscreen  ୠ, ᫨  "⮯" (।|
| S-F9   ਭ  㬮砭 䠩 /etc/mscreencap |
|wy60 .  ப ᠭ  㪮⢥  mscreen(M)). |
|mscreen -n 3                                                  |
|if ($status == 0) logout                                      |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
. 14-2. 楤 .login.

                         - 14-27 -

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| #                                                            |
| # Example material for the end of a Bourne shell .profile    |
| # file                                                       |
| (ਬ   䠩 .profile 窨 Bourne)            |
|                                                              |
|  ttyname='tty'                                               |
|                                                              |
|  init="'                                                     |
|                                                              |
|  if [ `expr $ttyname : "/dev/ttyp"` -gt "0" ]                |
|  then                                                        |
|        init="-I"                                             |
|  fi                                                          |
|  eval `tset -m ansi:ansi -m wy60:wy60 -m :?wy60 -r -s -q     |
|  $init`                                                      |
|  export PATH                                                 |
|                                                              |
|  if ["$init" = "-I" -a "STERM" = "wy60" ]                    |
|  them                                                        |
|         /bin/echo "\033eg\c"                                 |
|  fi                                                          |
|                                                              |
|  PSI=`expr $ttyname : '/dev')'` $ "                          |
|                                                              |
|  unset ttyname init                                          |
|                                                              |
|  mscreen -n 3                                                |
|  if [ "$?" = "0" ]                                           |
|  then                                                        |
|          exit                                                |
|  fi                                                          |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+

. 14-3. 楤 䠩 .profile.

       termcap ( wy60)   -
 ( mscreen ᯮ   ᮤন -
⢠ ࠭)   ப 樠樨.  㭪 2 
3 tset() 뫠 ப 樠樨 ⮫쪮   ६ ࢮ
楤 .login.  祭 

                         - 14-27 -

ᥢ-ttys tset 뢠  䫠 -I.    -
 ६ "init"  ப tset.   ࠧ,  믮-
 tset "init"  祭, ࠢ "",   -
   tset.   믮  tset  ६ ࢮ
楤  login  ࠭ ⮡ࠦ ப "\033tG\c".  
᫥⥫쭮 室  ࠬ  ⠭ COLUMNS
 WYSE60  ० ECON-80.   ࠬ஢ ⠭
᢮ 筮 ⢮ ࠭    ᯮ-
  ६  ࠭.    ⢥ ⥫쭮 㤮⢠
᪠ 짮⥫ ⠭   ⮡ࠦ  
ᯮ⥫쭮  ᥢ-tty,    짮⥫ 
᫥ ᮤন ᯮ㥬 ࠭.
     ᫨    ᯮ ନ WYSE60,    
᪠  㪠 ⥪饣 ࠭  맢 mscreen  -
᪨  ६ ஢ન   窨,   -
  㭪 14-2  14-3.

                         - 14-28 -

             

      ࠧ ,   ᮥ  ᯮ짮 -
  ⥬ UNIX.

             ᫥⥫ 

     樮 ⥬  ᯥ稢  ࠢ  
᫥⥫ ⮢.  14.1 ᮤন ਬ  -
ன  ࠢ    ⠪ ࠢ.

                                          14.1
            ᫥⥫ 
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| ன⢮|      㭪                                    |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| /dev/tty1a| ᭮ ᫥⥫   ࠢ |
|           |                                          |
| /dev/tty1A| ᭮ ᫥⥫   ࠢ |
|           |                                          |
| /dev/tty2a| ୠ⨢ ᫥⥫       |
|           | ࠢ                               |
| /dev/tty2A| ୠ⨢ ᫥⥫         |
|           | ࠢ                              |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+

     /dev/tty1a  /dev/tty1A ⭮    ⮬   -
⥫쭮  (筮 /dev/tty2a  /dev/tty2A). -
樮 ⥬ ᯮ   砥 ࠧ ண-
ࠬ   ࠩ஢   ன.       ᯮ짮
६  ࠢ         
㢨 ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:

     cannot open: device busy
     ( : ன⢮ )

      ⥬,  ⮢ ᫥⥫ -
,  ன⢠  /dev/tty[1,2]  [-m] ⭮  ᯮ짮
 ࠢ ,   /dev/tty[1,2] [-] ⭮   -
짮  ࠢ .

                         - 14-28 -

         室   襣 

     ⨫ up(C)   uucp(C) ᯮ  맮 㤠
⥬      ।          ⥬    UNIX.    
/usr/lib/uucp/Devices (뢠 Devices) ᮤন ଠ,
ᯮ㥬 ⨬ ணࠬ    ।  ࠪ⨪
⤥쭮 ᫥⥫쭮 .
      Devices ᮤন ,   ன⢮ 
,  ன⢮ 맮, 易  ,  ᪮ -
,   ᯮ짮 UUCP. (ன⢠ ࠢ
 ᫥ ᯮ짮  ﬨ, 易묨  ).

                         - 14-29 -

ᯮ짮 ணࠬ 맮  

      맮       cu  UUCP ᯮ 騩 
騪 ஢,     ᨬ묨  묨
  (ணࠬ)  筮  /usr/lib/uucp/dialHA12,  
⠬ 䠩 /usr/lib/uucp/Dialers.  (⥫쭠 -
   䠩 Dialers ᮤন   "஥
㤠   UUCP"  㪮⢠).
     室       ணࠬ  맮   
ନ஢ 䠩  ४樨 室 ணࠬ  -
祭   /usr/lib/uucp.  ᫨    -
㣮  ,     ஢   室
䠩    ᮧ   ᮡ⢥ ணࠬ 맮  .
⨬,     ᯮ ⥬  ࠧࠡ⪨  UNIX,
⠭  樨 ணࠬ.
      祭  ணࠬ 맮     믮
᫥騥 蠣:

  1.    /usr/lib/uucp ᫥饩 :

     cd /usr/lib/uucp

  2.   䠩  makefile    /usr/lib/uucp 
      ப,  ⠥:

     EXES = dialHA12 dialHA24 dialTBIT dialVA3450

        ணࠬ 맮  ,   -
      ᯮ짮. ᫥ ⮣,   ᤥ, 멤 
     䠩, ࠭ ᤥ .

  3.   :

     make

      襩 ᪠ 窨   <>.
  4. ᫥  襭 믮  make  砥 -
      ணࠬ 맮  .   ᯮ짮 
     ⮬     Devices.

                         - 14-30 -

         ⠭ , ᯥ稢饣 뫪 
                     

ਬ砭
  ७   ४.   ந室 - -
  ,    ⠪  㤭 ஢  ⫠.  
   䫨  뢠,    ࠧ-
  .

       ᮥ     㣮 ன⢮,
㡥,   ᫥⥫ , ᮥ  -
,   室  襭 ﭨ.   ,
ᮥ  ,  ⥫쭮 㬥 ந-
⥫쭮 ⥬;  ⮬   뢠 ᥣ
ࠧ⮩  ஭ ,    ஭ .
     ஢ ,   ᯮ㥬  ᮥ
ନ  ஬,    ᮥ .
    25-ࠧꥬ ᫥⥫쭮  ࠧꥬ
2, 3, 7, 8  20  ᮥ . ᫨   㢥-
७  ࠪ  ᯮ짮,  , ᮥ騩 ࠧ-
,  㤥  ࠡ ࠢ쭮.    ᠬ ᤥ 
,  뢠 -㣮  "ᮥ騬  ",
 砥 ᮥ ⠪⮢ .
      ⠭  믮 ᫥騥 蠣:
  1. ,    UUCP ⠭. ᯮ  -
     室  ⠭ 楤 custom(ADM).
  2. ,   ᫥⥫ ,    ࠫ
      ,  ᯥ稢饣 뫪   -
     , ᯮ  ६ 砫쭮 㧪 , ᫨ 
      ७, 㡥,   ,  -
     䨣஢ ७ , ᮣ  ᥬ 㣨
     ன⢠.  ᯥ祭 ⮫쪮 ᫥⥫ ன-
     ⢠, ᮥ  1  2.
  3. ,   ⪫祭  :

     2disable ttyname

  4. ᮥ         "ᮥ饣
     "   (⠪ 2  3  ᯮ). 
       ᮥ묨  ࠩ  ⠪  2,  3,
     7, 8  20.

                         - 14-31 -

       ⠭ ⮢  ᯮ "ᮥ-
     騥 "  (砥,   ⠪ ᮥ-
         ),     । ॡ
      㫥   (⠪  2    3  ᯮ).
     ⠭   ⥭  DTE,  , ஬ -
       㫥 ,  ⥭  DCE.  ᫨  
     㢥७,  ஢  㬥  .  ᫨ -
        D,   㦥  㫥 .
  5.        ४                    䠩
     /usr/lib/uucp/Devices.  䠩       
      ᫥⥫쭮 , ᯮ㥬  .
       ⮢ ᯮ  ᪥ 饭  -
       ( ACU),   㣠  ᯮ 
     䨣樨   ᯮ짮  ⠭⭮  
      Hayes (ﬠ ).   ᯮ짮 -
     ,  ⨬,  ⠭  ᮢ⨬
       Hayes  ,  ࠡ饣  ᪮ । 2400
       ᯮ짮 1:

     Direct tty1a - 1299 - 2400 direct
     ACU tty1A - 1200 - 2400 /usr/lib/uucp/dialHA24

     ,      ⪨ ("#") ।
     .   ᨭ⠪ ।祭    ⮣,  
     ப  ⮫쪮 ਥ   ஢-
     .   䠩 Devices   ਬ஢,   -
      ⨬ ᨬ.
  6.  ᫥ ,  ⮡ ⠭ UUCP  -
      ࠭ :

     2chown uucp /dev/ttyname

  7. ஢  ,  ᯥ稢騩 ।  
     .   ஢ન   롨  -
     ४⭮ ᯮ ᫥ :

     cu -ltty1a dir

      㢨 ᮮ饭, 㪠뢠饥  ⠭ 裡.
     ᫨  㢨 ᮮ饭 "cu: dir permission denied" ("cu:

                         - 14-31 -

     ⪠ ࠧ襭 dir"),   짮⥫,  믮騩 -
        cu,         ࠧ襭        䠩
     /usr/lib/uucp/Devices.  ᫨   㢨 ⠪  ᮮ-
     ,    ᮮ饭, 㪠뢠饥  ४⭮
     ᮥ,    ,    cu ४-
     ,   䠩 Devices ४⥭,   ᫥⥫
       ࠡ⠥ ४⭮.

                         - 14-32 -

ਬ砭
  騥   樨  । ᮢ⨬  Hayes
      ⢥.  㣨   ᯮ짮
  㣨  ᮣ襭.     㬥樨   
  祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨.

     ᫨  㢨 ᮮ饭, ⢥ত饥 ᮥ, -
     :

     

      .  "" 㤥 ⮡ࠦ  ࠭ .
     ᫨  ⠭    १  -
       ,    ⥪⮢,   㢨 0.  ᫨  
     ந室,  ஢,    "祭"  
     ࠥ  ⨨ .   㪠뢠  ,  
      砥 ᨣ  .  ᫨  
      ࠥ, ஢   ⠭ ४⥫
     .  ᫨  "祭" ࠥ,   
      稫 ⢥   , ୮ :

     1

        ,  ⮡ ࠧ ।⢮ 뤠
      .

     ᫨  稫  ⢥,   맢 
     ஬

     2ATDT phonenumber

     ᫥ 祭  ⢥ত,      -
     ,  cu ஬

        <>.
  8.   ⮢  祭  㣮 ⥬.  -
       ᫥ ᯮ짮 ᫥ :

     cu -ltty1A 555-1212

       "555-1212"  ⥫䮭  ⥬,
        맢. ᫨    ஡,

                         - 14-32 -

       ᫥饬 ࠧ   ࠢ⥩ 
     , ᯥ稢饬 뫪   . ᫨
      㦥 ᯮ  맮  , 믮 -
     ⥫ 蠣,    ࠧ "⠭  ,
     ᯥ稢饣  室   ଠ樮  
     ".

                         - 14-33 -

         ࠢ⥩  , ᯥ稢饣
               뫪   

     ਬ, ਢ ,  ।,    -
।⢥ ᮥ  1.  ᯮ 㣨 ᫥-
⥫  .  ᫨  ஡,  ᭠砫 ஢,
 ⥫䮭  祭,       ⥫䮭  
 ᨣ.

  1. ஡:  ஢ ᮥ  

     cu -sl1200 -ltty1a dir

      稫 ᮮ饭 ᮥ,    ࠫ "", 
     ᫥ ᮮ饭 "".
     ।⢮ :  ஢  ⠭/४祭 ண-
     ࠬ .  ᫨ ᯮ , ᮥ騩 -
     ,  ஡   㫥 ,  ᯮ騩 
     ࠩ  ⠪ 2, 3, 7, 8  20. ᫥ 뤠 -
      cu       <-
     > ᪮쪮 ࠧ.  "祭"  -
       ⨨ . ᫨   ந室, 室
     ஢ ,  ⮡ 㡥,  ⠪ 2 ᮥ
       (⠪ 2 -   ।   ᫥-
     ⥫쭮  ).  ᫨   "-
     ", ⠩ ᯮ짮 1  祭 ।⢠
     " ".
     ।⢮ :  ᫥⥫      
     ࠢ.  ⠩ ᮥ   㣮 -
     ⥫쭮    ᮥ ନ  ᫥-
     ⥫ ਭ    ⢥ত  㭪樮-
     ஢.   ᫨         㭪樮,   ஢
     㬥    ᮮ⢥饥 ।⢮ -
     .
     ।⢮ :     ࠢ.    ⮬  砥
     ஢  㬥      ᮮ⢥饥
     ।⢮ ६.
  2. ஡:   ⢫  ,   ᮥ
      ந室.
     ।⢮ :  䮭     ࠢ 
      ࠡ騬  ⥫䮭 ,   ன ᮥ
     ,   ࠢ.

                         - 14-33 -

     ⪫     ⥫䮭    
     ⥫䮭.  ⠩ ᠬ  ,  ⮡ 㡥
           㣮  ஭    ⢥砥  맮.
     ।⢮ :  蠩 ⥫쭮 ,   -
       맮.    ஬諥  ⥫䮭 ⥬
     ॡ, ⮡ 뫠 㧠  ।묨 ᫠. -
      ᯮ   cu  㪠    -
     㭤, ਬ: "9----458--1234".

                         - 14-34 -

     , ਢ   cu ࠭᫨ ஢騪
       ᮮ⢥騩   .   ᮢ⨬
      Hayes   ࠭᫨   । 뫪 
     .
  3. ஡:  맮   㢨 ᮮ饭:

     Connect failed: NO DEVICE AVAILABLE
     (ᮥ  㤠,  㯭 ன)
     ।⢮ :    䠩 Devices   .
       ᫥  ਬ  ⮢  ᮢ⨬  Hayes
     , ࠡ饣  ᪮ । 2400   /dev/
     tty1A:

     Direct tty1A - 2400 direct
     ACU tty1A - 300-2400 /usr/lib/uucp/diaHA24

     ,    ⪨ (#)   砫 
     ப  䠩 Devices.
     ।⢮ :    Devices   ४ ᪮-
      ।,  易  .  ,   ᫨ 
     ᯮ  cu    ᪮ ।,
       Devices  , ᮮ⢥騩 ⮩ ᪮-
      ।.
  4. ஡:  , ⢥砥,    ᨬ  
     ନ.
     ।⢮ :  㭪,   뢠,   -
      祭    ⭮,  祬   ᯮ.
       㬮砭 cu ᯮ 8 ⮢    ᯮ
     ⭮. ᯮ cu -  7 ⮢ , ⭮ 
     cu -  7 ⮢   ⭮.
     ।⢮ :      ᪮ -
     ।. ᫨  頥  㣮 ⥬ UNIX, 諨
     ᨣ 뢠,  ⮡ 㤠 㭪 ४稫  ᪮-
      ।  ६ 楤 login. ᥣ ᪠
     ⥬  襩 ᪮ ।  ᭨    
      室.   뫪 ᨣ 뢠 -
     :

     %b

                         - 14-34 -

     ।⢮ :     .   ⠭ ᮡ
     ⨬  ࠡ  ᪮ । 2400   .
     ஢  ⥫䮭  .  筮,    
     ஡  㬮 ,  㢨 ᨬ , -
     騥  ࠭ 뢭 ⠪,    㣮 
       ⥬,   ᫠ ࠢ -
     .

                         - 14-35 -

  5. ஡:    ⪫砥   맮.
     ।⢮ : ᯮ  ࠢ  . 
     ࠢ    ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮   -
         䨣஢.    ᯮ-
      -  䨣    䠩  Devices.  
     ᫥⥫    ࠢ  ,   
     ,  ᮮ⢥騩  ࠢ . -
         ࠢ  ,  易    tty1a - 
     tty1A.
     ।⢮ :   CD (ॣ ⥫)  
     몫砥  ࠧꥤ 맮.  ஢ ४-
     ⥫ , ⮡ 㡥,   ⠭  -
     樨 室饩  ,  ᫨  Hayes  2400  
     ᮢ⨬ , ᯮ  AT&C1.
     ।⢮ :    ⠭  ॣ樨 DTR  (-
     ⮢ ନ ).  ஢ ४⥫ -
     ,  ⮡ 㡥,    ⠭  ॣ
     DTR , ᫨   Hayes 2400, ᯮ  AT
     &D2.     ४⥫,   
      ⠭  ஢ DTR,   ४⥫
        祭.

               祭  

      ᯥ祭 祭    ᫥  
᫥⥫  ,   ᯮ ᨣ ࠢ
   enable(C).
      ᯮ짮   ᭮  ᫥⥫쭮  
(1) :

     disable tty1a
     enable tty1A
       ୠ⨢ ᫥⥫쭮   (2)
:

     disable tty2a
     enable tty2A
     ⨬,  tty1A  tty1a ⭮    ⮩  (-
) ᫥⥫쭮 ,  tty2A  tty2a ⭮  -
    ⮩  (ୠ⨢) ᫥⥫쭮 .   -
       ०   -  
   ६, ⠪   ਢ  訡.

                         - 14-36 -

       ⠭ , ᯥ稢饣 室  
                ଠ樮 

      楤 ।⠢ 蠣  樨 
⠭    権,  ᯥ稢 室   -
ଠ樮 . (஫ ४   ᯥ-
  室   ଠ樮 ;  ᬮ ࠧ "-
    ஫      ᯥ祭   室      
ଠ樮 "   "ᯥ祭 ᥪ⭮ -
"  祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨).
  1. 믮  蠣   ⠭   ᯥ祭 -
     뫪   .  ࠭,   
     ࠡ饥 ᮥ .
  2.    ४⥫   ணࠬ  -
       ⠭ 䨣樨 .  ᫨  
     ⠪ ।⢠ ⠭, 䨣  ᮮ⢥-
     騬 ࠧ, ᫥   㪮⢥  .

ਬ砭
  ᫨  ࠧ  ᯥ祭 室   -
  樮      ᯥ祭 뫪  
  ,  蠣 3   饭. 樠  ᯥ-
   室   ଠ樮  믮 ⮬-
  ᪨  ᪥ ⥬    襭  뫪  
   .

  3.    ⮬᪨ ⢥  ⥫䮭, 
     室 맮.
        ७    ⮮⢥稪,
       譨    ᯮ  ⠪  -
     .    ⮬  砥  ᫥ ப  䠩
     樠樨 /etc/rc.d/8/userdef:

      (stty 1200; echo "atso=1\r" > /dev/tty1a) < /dev/tty1a

     "tty1a"      ᮮ⢥⢨  ன
     ࠢ    ,    ஬  ᮥ  .
     "1200"      ᪮  ।-
     , ᯮ㥬 . "ATS0=1" -   饭

                         - 14-36 -

     , ᮢ⨬  Hayes,   ० ⮮⢥稪. -
      "/r" 室  뫪 ᨣ   ⪨ 
       襭 ப .
  4.  ࠬ  ⠪ ࠧ,  ⮡   ⢥-
     砫,    DTR  ⨢  ᮥ  ⥪饩
     裡,   DTR 室  ⨢ ﭨ  -
     ⨢.
  5.  CD   ⠭  ᮮ⢥⢨   室
     ⮩,  .. ,     -
     ,   .

                         - 14-37 -

  6.  ࠬ  ⠪ ࠧ,  ⮡   뤠-
           ⮡ࠦ ⢥.
  7. ,     :

  2   disable ttyname

      ttyname -  ࠢ  .
  8. 롥  㦭    gettydefs  䠩 /etc/inittab.
      2 롥 横 1200-2400-300.
  9. ன ,  ᯮ㥬  ,  ᫥饩 -
     :

  2   enable ttyname

      ttyname -   ࠢ .
 10.   ⮬   㣮 .
 11. ᫨   ᬮ ᯥ譮 , ᬮ ᫥騩
     ࠧ ᪠ ࠢ⥩ ,  ᯥ稢饣 室
       ଠ樮 .

      ࠢ⥩ , ᯥ稢饣 室  
                   ଠ樮 

     ਬ, ਢ ,  ।,    אַ
ᮥ  ⮬ 1.   ࠪ⨪    ᮥ-
  㣨 ᫥⥫ ⠬.
  1. ஡:   ⢥砥  맮.
     ।⢮ :   ᫥⥫  . -
      ᫥騥 :

     disable /dev/tty1a
     enable /dev/tty1A

     ।⢮ :    䨣஢  ⮮⢥.  -
      ४⥫   ,  ᫨  ⮬    2400
     Hayes, ᯮ ᮮ⢥ ணࠬ  -
      (ᬮ " ࠬ஢  Hayes"    
        ࠧ    祭  ଠ樨    
     Hayes).   cu -ltty1a dir      ᯮ
      "S0=1"   ⮮⢥.

                         - 14-38 -

     ।⢮ :    DTR  (⮢  ନ ) 
     뢠   . ஢ ⠪ 20  㡥-
     ,   祭. ⠪ 2, 3, 7, 8  20 ᯮ-
       ᮥ .
  2. ஡:  ⢥砥,  ᠥ ࠧ ᫥ ⠭-
      ᮥ.
     ।⢮:   ࠡ⠥   ⮮⢥稪  ॣ
     DTR,   DTR  . ஢ ᫥騥 -
     :
     )  ࠢ      .  
     :

     disable /dev/tty1a
     enable /dev/tty1A

     )  䥪⥭.
     ᫨  ᯮ  "אַ ᮥ",   -
     ண 祭  ࠩ  ⠪ 2,  3, 7, 8  20,
     ஢,  ⠪ 20(DTR) ࠢ쭮 ᮥ.
  3. ஡:    ᮮ饭  訡 "  ᢮
       /dev/tty1A,   ⪫祭"  ᮫,  -
      室  .
     ।⢮ :    ⠭    ⭮ ⮡ࠦ
       뫪 ⢥⮢ .  祭 ⭮,  
      뫠 ᨣ "Ring"  㪠 ⮣,   -
      ⥫䮭  殢.    ᨣ CD 
     ⨢,  getty    砩  
     ᫥⥫쭮 .  ४樨 ⮩ 樨 -
         ⪫祭    뫠 ⢥ -
     .  ࠢ쭮      2400  Hayes   
     "ATE0Q1".
     ।⢮ :  ᫨    ७   㪠-
          ࠭ ᮮ饭  訡, 
     ⭮   ᮢ⨬ .  ⠩ -
       ⠭⭮ , ᮢ⨬  Hayes.
  4. ஡:   ⢥砥,      ᪠ login.
     ।⢮ :   CD    ᫥ ⮣,  
      ⢥⨫  맮.

                         - 14-39 -

     ஢ ४⥫  ,  ᫨     2400
     Hayes, ᯮ ᮮ⢥ ணࠬ  -
     .
     ।⢮ :   . :

     enable /dev/tty1A

     ।⢮ :      ᯮ     ४     
     /etc/gettydefs  ࠭ ࠢ쭠  ᪮  ।.
     ஢  ன⢮      䠩 /etc/itittab.
      ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:

     t1A:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty1A m

     ᫥ ᨬ ப    㪠⥫    
     䠩 /etc/gettydefs.  ஢  ,  ⮡ 㡥-
       ࠢ쭮 ⠭.
  5. ஡: ࠭ ६頥 ࠢ塞,   -
       ⥬, 筮 ⮡ࠦ ᫥⥫쭮 -
      login.
     ।⢮: ன⢠      . -
     ன ன⢮  ,  :

     disable dev/tty1a

  6. ஡:   稫 ᪠ login,  祣 ᫥-
     ⥫쭮 ᫥ ⮣.
     ।⢮: ࠬ ⠭  ४. ।-
     ,   ࠬ ⠭ ᫥⥫쭮    
     ⥬,     뢠.  ⠭묨 ࠬࠬ
     ⠭,   ᯮ cu,   ᥬ  ⮢
     ,   ⮯   ⢨ ஢ન ⭮.
     ᫨ 㤠 ⥬ ᯮ  ⭮, ᯮ-
         -  cu,   롨ࠥ  -
        -,   롨ࠥ   -
     .
     ᫨  砥  ⥬ UNIX, ஢ 䠩 /etc/
    inittab  㤠 ⥬  ஢ન ࠢ쭮
     "㪠⥫" 䠩 gettydefs.  ,
      ࠪ⨪ ᫥⥫쭮   ᮣ 
     ࠬࠬ stty, ।묨  쥬  ࠭

                         - 14-39 -

      gettydefs.  ⠩  ࠬ  -
        8 ⮢ ,  ⮯   -
     ⢨ ⭮.   룫拉 筮 ᫥-
     饬:

 4 # B!@)) HUPCL # B!@)) CS* SANE HUPCL TAB3 ECHOE IXANY
 #\r\n@!login: #5

                         - 14-40 -

      ᯥ祭 室   ଠ樮
       ᯥ祭 뫪   

     樮 ⥬ ন ᯮ짮 ᯥ祭
室   ଠ樮      ᯥ祭  뫪
       ⮩     믮-
 ୮ 楤 祭  ⥬.
      ணࠬ ᯥ祭 뫪   
ᯮ ,  楤 login ᪨஢.  ᫨  -
砥    ,    ணࠬ ᯥ祭 뫪
   ⠥  ᯮ짮  ,    ணࠬ
ᯥ祭  뫪     ᬮ ।-
 ன⢮.
     ⮡   ।⢮  ࠡ⠫ ४⭮,   ᯮ짮-
 ன⢮ ࠢ ,    ⠭
CD  ᮪ 祭,       , 
 .  (ଠ  ᯮ짮  ᯥ祭
室    ଠ樮 /ᯥ祭 뫪 -
   ᮢ⭮  UUCP ᮤন   "
㤠   UUCP"  㪮⢠).

     ⠭ ࠧ塞  ᯥ祭 室  
     ଠ樮  / ᯥ祭 뫪 
                      

      楤    ⠭  ࠧ塞
 ᯥ祭 室   ଠ樮 /ᯥ-
 뫪   .
  1. 믮 蠣 ⠭    ᯥ祭 뫪
          蠣  ⠭   -
     祭 室   ଠ樮 .
  2.  室  ⥬   맮 cu  ᮮ⢥-
     騬 ﬨ. ணࠬ getty   ⮬᪨
     㤥 ਮ⠭  襭 맮  ୮ -
     饭 ᫥ 襭 맮.

       ࠬ ⠭  Hayes

      ᯮ짮 cu  uucp 室 ࠢ쭠 䨣-
 .    㪮    祭
ଠ樨  ࠢ쭮 ⠭ ४⥫.

      ⥫㠫  1200

᫨    ⥫㠫  1200 Hayes    ᮢ-
⨬   ,  ४⥫ 3  8   饭:

                         - 14-41 -

       +--------------------------------------+
       |        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8 |
       +------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
       | | * | * |   | * | * | * | * |   |
       +------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
       |  |   |   | * |   |   |   |   | * |
       +------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+

      ४⥫  3  饭,  १騥  
᫠ (  ) ,  ନ   .  
饭  ४⥫ 8   ஢ 뤠
.    ࠡ 㭨樮 ⥬ UNIX
 DOS.

⥫㠫  2400

     ⥫㠫   2400  Hayes   ᮢ⨬ 
ॡ  䨣樨,  ᫨  ᯮ  -
  ᯥ祭 室   ଠ樮 .  ⨬,
 Hayes 2400  ⢥砥   ⥫ 2400 , ᫨ 
  ⠭   2400 .   䨣஢
 뤠祩  ⠭ cu(C).   cu 룫廊 ᫥-
騬 ࠧ:

  2   cu -s2400 -ltty1nn dir

nn -   tty ᫥⥫쭮 .  䨣஢
  tty1A      <>.

     cu -s2400 ltty1A dir

        ᫥騥    䨣樨 .
  ࠭  ࠧ饩  . ᫨  
 ࠭ ࠬ ⠭,    ᫥ -
 (at&w)  ᯮ   ,    ⪨
ᠭ ⮣,    , ᯮ  ࠢ .
    ⨥  <>:

 AT&f        䠪 䨣樨.

                         - 14-41 -

 ATT         ⮭쭮 뫪.

 10        ꥬ ᯨ.

 &d2      ⠭ dtr "2": ३  筮 ,
             dtr 뢠.

 AT&c1      ⠭ dcd "1": ⥫ 㤠 ४ dcd.

 ATS0=1     ⢥  맮 ᫥ ࢮ .

 ATS2=128   ⪫ ᫥⥫쭮 室 .

 0         (   뤠   ,
            뫠 ).

                         - 14-42 -

 ATq1       㬥७ ० (  ⢥砥  ᫥ ⮩
              ⥬,    ᫥).

 AT&w       ࠭ ࠬ஢ ⠭  ࠧ饩
            .

     멤  cu  ⨫  窨,      ᫥
<>:

     ~.

 ⥯ 䨣஢  ⮢  ᯮ짮.
                        15

                ᯮ짮 ਭ஢
                                          15.1
     㫮 ⥬ ਭ                    15.1
⠭ ਭ                                15.3
  짮⥫                        15.7
 ⨢                     15.8
 쭮 ਭ                    15.10
 ਭ  ନ login           15.14
  ⠭ ।  LP                15.15
     筮 ⠭ ।                 15.15
     筮  ।                  15.16
⬥                               15.17
⨥  ⨥ ਭ஢                     15.18
 ਭ                         15.19
⠭ ⥬ 祭, ਭ 
㬮砭                                         15.21
஢   饣 堭      15.22
 ਭ                        15.24
ࠢ 㧪                        15.25
     ⢥থ ᮢ  ਭ    15.25
     ਭ⨥ ᮢ  ਭ      15.26
     뫪 ᮢ  㣮 ਭ         15.26
     ਬ                                      15.27
ࠢ ਮ⠬ ।                   15.29
      । ਮ                  15.30
      ਮ  㬮砭              15.31

     ஢ઠ ।  㬮砭 ਮ⮢    15.31
     뫪   ।                  15.31
     ஢ઠ 䨣樨 ਭ               15.33
 ࠢ⥩  ⥬              15.35
      室 - 祣                  15.35
     ࠧ稢                          15.36
     稬 , ࠢ ࢠ    15.37
      ࢠ                            15.37
        / த ⥪         15.38
       ࠭                          15.38
     ࠢ  ᨬ           15.38
     訡 ⪫祭                            15.39
     騥 ਭ                      15.39
                                             15.41
      ⠪ ଠ?                             15.41
     ।                             15.42
                                     15.44
     ࠭祭 㯠 짮⥫             15.45
      ஢                     15.46
     ஢                            15.48
     ஢ઠ                                15.48
                                           15.50
      ⠪ 䨫?                            15.50
     । 䨫                          15.54
      䨫                           15.61
      䨫                             15.61
     ஢ઠ 䨫                             15.62
      ।०                        15.62
     ⪠ ୠ ᮢ                     15.62
ன ।                           15.66
     ன ࠪ⨪  ਭ       15.68
     ன   terminfo               15.70
       ணࠬ 䥩              15.72
       䨫                            15.79
樠  䨣樨              15.81
      ਭ                                 15.81
      ᮤন                             15.82
     ⮤ ᮥ                             15.84
      ᨬ  騩 堭      15.85
     ।०  ᡮ                       15.90

     ⠭  ᡮ                     15.92
     ࠭祭 㯠 짮⥫             15.93
     ਡ   㬮砭                 15.94
⠭ ᫥⥫ ਭ஢
⮪ RTS/CTS                                 15.96
ᯮ짮 ਭ  㫥                15.98
 砫쭮 䠩 ன⢠              15.99

                         -15-1-

                      

     ਭ -  祭   ୮ -
.   ⥬ ॡ    㬠. -
稢  让    饩   筮
 ன.   筮騥 ன⢠
-  ࠫ ன⢠,  設⢮   ᫥-
⥫묨 ன⢠.
       ਭ ⥬  :
     - ᮥ 䨧   , 
     - ᯮ짮 ४ ⥬ , 騥
        ࠡ  ਭ஬.

       ,   ᤥ       㦨
ਭ ᫥  ⠭. ⨬,  䨧᪨ ᮥ
 ਭ஬  ⥬   ᨬ  䨣-
樨 .   ।⠢ ଠ  -
 䨧᪨ ᮥ,   ଠ   -
 ᮤন  㪮⢠  , ⠢塞
 ਭ஬  .
     樮 ⥬ ᯥ稢 ᫥⥫ ਭ-
, ᯮ騥 ⠭ 䥩 RS-232. ⮡ 㡥,
  ਭ ᯮ  䥩,  ஢ 㬥
 . ᯥ祭 ⠪ ⮪ RTS/CTS.

         㫮 ⥬ ਭ

   㫮 ⥬ 筮 ਭ UNIX -   ,
 ,  ⥬ , 䥪⨢ -
, ᫥  ஫஢  ਭ, -
㦨騥    ⥬.     䠩 頥 
    㣨 ᠬ    뫪
 ਭ.     ࠡ뢠   ᢮
।  ,  ନ ।.
      짮⥫  訢  䠩   -
 lp(C) ⥬ 筮 ਭ ⢥砥  "ᮬ ID".
  ⮨    ਭ,   ஬ ⠥ 䠩,  
㭨쭮 ,  饣 䠩.  ⮬ -
   짮⥫  ।   
  ⬥ .    lp  -
⥫  ஫஢ 室 ਭ.

                         -15-2-

     㦨  믮 ᫥騥 㭪樨:
     - ࠡ뢠  祭 䠩,   짮-
     ⥫  ᯥ,
     - 䨫 䠩 ( 室) ⠪,     
      ࠢ쭮 ᯥ⠭,
     -  ࠡ    ਭ஢,
     - ᪠ ணࠬ, 騥  ਭ஬,
     - ᫥ ﭨ ,
     - ।०  ஡  ਭ஬,
     - ᫥ ஢ ,
     - 뤠 ᮮ饭  訡   ஡.
      ᪮쪮 ନ,  ᯮ㥬  ⮩  
ᠭ ࠡ 㦨 :

  device       ꥪ    室 lp.       
  (ன⢮) ਭ,ନ, ᯮ㥬  ਭ,
                 䠩.
  printer      , 砥  ⥬  ஬  
  (ਭ)    ।⠢ ன⢠.      
               14 ᨬ.  ࠧ  ६ ਭ -
                 易  ࠧ묨 ன⢠.
  class        㯮冷祭 ᯨ᮪ ਭ஢.      -
  ()      ,  뫠    ਭ஢,  
                㯭 ன⢮ ⮣ 
  destination   뫪 ᮢ ਭ. 祭 
  (祭)  ᮬ  ਭ஬.
       㪮⢠    ਭ  -
祭 ଠ樨  ᮥ ⥬  ਭࠬ.

                         -15-3-

                

        ࠧ  뢠,    ⠭  
ਭ  ⥬ UNIX.   ᮥ ਭ  ᮮ⢥-
騬  ⮬  (᫥⥫  ⮬  ᫥⥫
ਭ஢   ࠫ ⮬   ࠫ ਭ஢),
㡥,   ࠡ⠥  ⠭ ணࠬ ᯥ祭
㫨 ਭ UNIX,  ᯮ 롮  "ਭ"  sysadmsh.
 ⠭ ਭ 믮 蠣, ਢ :
  1.    ਭ  㡥,     ࠢ쭮
     ᮡ࠭  祭  .
  2. ᫨  ᮥ ᫥⥫  ਭ: ᮥ
      RS-232  ᫥⥫쭮    -
      ਭ. ᫥⥫ ਭ  ᯥ稢
     ⮪  XON/XOFF   DTR    䨣஢
        ⮪.      ᫥  ,
     ⠢ ࠢ    nn:

     2disable /dev/ttynn

      <>.    । 楤 logins 
     , ᮥ  ਭ,   ᯮ짮
       ᫥⥫쭮 㭨樨.
  3. ᫨  ᮥ ࠫ  ਭ:  ਭ  
     ᯮ짮  ⠭  䥩  Centronics.
     ࠫ   ஬  ᫥  䨣-
     ஢    뢠 7   ᯮ  lp1
      ६ 砫쭮 㧪.  ᭮  ࠫ  
     ᫥ 䨣஢   뢠 7,   -
       lp0.  ᯮ짮  ᭮, -
       ஬   -   -  ࠭ 
     䫨⮢.  ୠ⨢  ன  ࠫ  
     ᫥ 䨣஢   뢠 5,   -
       lp2. ,  㣠   -
       뢠.  ( 㪮⢮  -
           祭   ଠ樨      䨣஢
     ࠫ ⮢).
  4. ஢,    ४⭮ 稫  ਭ  뫪
       ।⢥   ன⢮.   ᫥騥
     :

                         -15-3-

      ᫥⥫ ਭ஢:

     date > /dev/ttynn

      nn -   ᯮ㥬 ᫥⥫쭮 
     (ਬ /dev/tty1a).

                         -15-4-

      ࠫ ਭ஢:

     date > /dev/lpn
      n -  ᯮ㥬 ࠫ쭮  (ਬ
     /dev/lp0).
  5. ᫨ ਭ  ⠥ ,  ⭮  
     - ⭮ ०, ⮬ ஢ ᫥饥:
      ࠫ ਭ஢:
     - 㡥,    ४⭮ ᮥ,   ஢
     ࠢ.  ᯮ짮   ⭮ ࠢ -
     ⥬    ࠢ DOS - 訥 ᯮᮡ -
     ஢ 樨;
     - ९஢ 䨣 ਭ ஢મ ४-
     ⥫  㪮   ਭ;
     - ९஢ ४⥫ ࠫ쭮 .  ⠪-
       ᯮ    砫쭮  㧪.  
     ஢  १㧪 ⥬,   ⮬  -
      ᮮ饭, 筮:

     parallel 0x378-0x37A  07  -  unit=0
     (ࠫ)               (ன⢮)
      ᫥⥫ ਭ஢:
     - 㡥,     ᯮ ன⢮ ࠢ 
     , ਬ: /dev/tty1a,   /dev/tty1A. ( -
     ஡  ଠ   ᮣ襭    ᫥-
     ⥫ ⮢ ᮤন  ࠧ  serial(HW).  ⠩-
      ᯮ짮   ᮥ묨 ⠪⠬ 2,  3 
     7.
     - ९஢ 䨣 ਭ ஢મ  ४-
     ⥫  㪮⢥   ਭ;
     - ९஢ ४⥫ ᫥⥫쭮 . -
       ᯮ ⮢ ,  ஡  㣨
         ⮩    㡥,    䫨⮢ 
     ⠭묨 ⠬ ;
     - ⠩ ᮥ ਭ  ⠭⭮ ᫥-
     ⥫쭮  1  2,  ⮡ 㡥   ४-
      ਭ  .
  6. ᫨ ਭ ࠢ쭮 ᮥ  ࠡ⠥,  ⮢ 
     믮  sysadmsh.    室   ᯮ㥬
         ன⢠  UNIX  (ਬ /dev/tty1a)
      䥩 ணࠬ ਭ,    ᮡࠥ
     ᯮ짮. 쭠 䥩᭠ ணࠬ ⠢-
     

                         -15-5-

      ⥬ UNIX. ⥫쭠 ଠ  䥩
     ணࠬ ਭ  ᮤন    ࠧ  "䥩
     ணࠬ ਭ"  .
  7. 롮 "ਭ" sysadmsh ⮡ࠦ      ᫥-
     ⥫쭮 ,    . ᫨  -
      訡  ⢥  ,    <ESC>
        ᭮.  孥 ஢ sysadmsh 믮-
      ᫥騩 롮:

     Printers --> Configure --> Add
     ਭ    䨣   

  8. ⮡ࠦ ᫥ ଠ ( 㦤 ):

+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                       create |
| Enter...                                                     |
|                                                              |
|  /usr/auth                            9 mar 89 17:20        |
|                                                              |
| +-----------------Adding a Printer-------------------------+ |
| |                                                          | |
| | Printer name            [           ]                    | |
| |                                                          | |
| | Comment                 [                 ]              | |
| |                                                          | |
| | Class name              [           ]                    | |
| |                                                          | |
| | Use printer interface   [Existing] Copy New              | |
| | Name of interface       [                          ]     | |
| |                                                          | |
| | Connection              [Direct]   Call-up               | |
| |   Device name           [                 ]              | |
| |   Dial-up information   [                 ]              | |
| | Device                  [Hirdwired]  Login               | |
| |                                                          | |
| | Require banner          Yes [No]                         | |
| +----------------------------------------------------------+ |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
1 - ᮧ,
2 - ,
3 -  ਭ,
4 -  ਭ,

                         -15-5-

5 - ਩,
6 -  ,
7 - ᯮ짮 䥩 ਭ,
8 - 騩,
9 - ,
10 - ,
11 - ᮥ,
12 - אַ,
13 - 뢠,
14 -  ன⢠,
15 - ଠ 祭,
16 - ன⢮,
17 - ⭮,
18 - 祭,
19 -  ॡ , 20 - , 21 -  .
 ਢ ᭥  :
   Printer name       ਭ
  ( ਭ)
  Comment           ਩, 뢠騩 ਭ
  (਩)
  Class name         , 易  ⨬ ਭ஬
  ( )      (<F3>  ᯨ᪠)
  Use printer interface   ᯮ 騩, ஢
  (ᯮ 䥩     䥩 짮⥫
   짮⥫)

                         -15-6-

  Name of interface  䥩 ( <F3>  ᯨ -
 ( 䥩)    䥩ᮢ)
  Connection           ਭ  אַ 易  -
 (ᮥ)       ⥬   뢠 १   
                    
  Device              ᮥ 뤥  ਭ-
 (ன⢮)           ⠪ ᯮ  ନ-
                     login (㤥  ஢騪)
  Device name        ன⢠,      ஬  ᮥ
  ( ன⢠)  ਭ (ਬ /dev/tty01  ᫥-
                    ⥫쭮 ਭ  /dev/lp0  ࠫ-
                     ਭ)
  Dial-up information  ⥫䮭       ⥬
  (ଠ )   

  Require banner       ਢ  ⮬,      ᥣ
  (ॡ )  ⠥      짮⥫
                       訢  .

                           , 
                      믮  ନ   䨣-
                      .  ᯮ짮 ਭ  ⠪-
                         㦨  ਭ-
                      ,   ਭ  ࠧ ਭ
                      祭 ᮢ.  , ᯮ-
                       ᫥騩 롮 sysadmish:

               Printers --> Shedule --> Begin
               (ਭ   ஢  砫)
               Printers --> Shedule --> Enable
               (ਭ   ஢  ⨥)
               Printers --> Shedule --> Accept
               (ਭ   ஢  ਥ)
                        砥 롮஢ Enable  Accept 
                        ᯥ  ਭ  뤠
                       ᪠.
     쭥 ଠ   㦨 ਭ -
ন    ࠧ "  ⠭ 㦨 ਭ",
"ࠢ ࢨ筮 㧪"  "⨥  ⨥ ਭ-
஢".  Sysadmish  砥     㭪樨,   
lpadmin(ADM).

                         -15-7-

                

     㦨     짮⥫,  -
  ⠡ 15.1

                                              15.1
           짮⥫  㦨 

     |        ᠭ
------------+------------------------------------
  Cancel    | ⬥    䠩
------------+------------------------------------
  lp        | 뫠 䠩  䠩  ਭ
------------+------------------------------------
  lpstat    | 頥 ﭨ ⥬ LP

     ஬ 뫪 ᮢ  ⥬ 㦨 , -
ન ﭨ ᮢ  ⬥ ᮢ, 짮⥫ 
  뢠  뢠 ਭ.  ⮨ 
⮬,   ᫨ 짮⥫ 㦨,   ਭ -
,    室 뢠 c  몫祭
⠭.  㣮 ஭   ᫠  ।  -
  짮⥫ 뢠 ਭ.   -
஢,     㣨 짮⥫   ,
  ⠡ 15.2,  祭  ⬥ ਧ樨
printerstat (ᬮ ࠧ  "/祭 ਧ樨
⥬  짮⥫"  " ஫  짮⥫"
 㪮⢠).

                                              15.2
          ਢ஢  짮⥫ 
                    㦨 

     |        ᠭ
------------+----------------------------------------
  disable   | ⨢  ਭ()
------------+----------------------------------------
  enable    | ⨢  ਭ()

                         -15-8-

            

     ⤥   ,  㯭   LP,
  ⠡ 15.3.     ᮤঠ    
/usr/lib.  ᫨  ᮡࠥ ᯮ짮  ,   
 㤮 祭 ⮣    ६ PATH.
  ᯮ짮 ⨢  ᫥ 
 ⥬   ⢥ ,  ᫥  ਧ
lp  (ᬮ   "ᯥ祭 ᥪ⭮ ⥬"  -
᭥ ਧ樨).
     ⨬,      㯭  롮 "ਭ-
" sysadmsh.   ⠪ ⭮  ᯮ짮  -
  ⨢樨  ⨢樨 ਭ  ⠫ -
,  ᠭ    ࠧ  "     짮⥫",
ਢ .
                                              15.3
     ⨢   㦨  LP

           |      ᠭ
------------------+---------------------------------------
  /usr/lib/accept |  ᠬ ࠡ  
                  | ।   । 祭.
------------------+---------------------------------------
  /usr/lib/reject | ९ ⠭   ।
                  |  । 祭. 뢠 
                  | ⮩  ࠭ 㪮⢠,  
                  | accept(ADM).
------------------+---------------------------------------
  /usr/lib/lpadmin|    䨣
                  | ਭ.
------------------+---------------------------------------
  /usr/lib/lpfilte|    । 䨫஢.
------------------+---------------------------------------
  /usr/lib/lpforms|      .
                  | ( /usr/lib/lpadmin  ஢
                  | ).
------------------+---------------------------------------
  /usr/lib/lpmove | 뫠 室   
                  | 祭  㣮. ᠭ  ⮩ 
                  | ࠭ 㪮⢠,   lpsched(ADM).

                         -15-9-

------------------+---------------------------------------
  /usr/lib/lpsched|  㦨 .
  /usr/lib/lpscut | ⠭ 㦨 .
                  | ᠭ  ⮩  ࠭ 㪮⢠, 
                  |  lpsched(ADM).
------------------+---------------------------------------
  /usr/lib/lpusers|    ਮ  㬮砭
                  |  ࠭ ਮ, ,  
                  | 襭 짮⥫ﬨ 㦨
                  | .

        㯭  ⠪  롮஬ "ਭ" sysadmsh,
   ᫮ ᨭ⠪  LP.

                         -15-10-

                

     樮 ⥬  ⠪ ᯥ稢 ᯮ짮 -
 ਭ஢, ᮥ   AUX  PRINT  -
   筮 ᫥⥫쭮 ନ.   ਭ
ᮥ १ ⠭ 裡 RS-232      -
⥫쭮  㬥 㧪 ࠧ塞 ⥬ ᮢ.  -
 lprint(C) ᯮ     䠩    쭮
ਭ,    ନ     ࠢ쭮 䨣஢,
⮡  ࠡ⠫.    ਭ,  易 
⮬  AUX    PRINT १   筮 ਭ 
ᯮ짮 ⮣  쭮  ਭ  믮  ᫥
楤:
  1. ᮥ  ᫥⥫  ਭ    
     AUX  襣  ନ ⠭  RS-232  ᮥ-
     묨 ⠪⠬ 2,  3   7  ().  ,  
     ਭ 祭  室  ﭨ .
  2.   ⥬ UNIX  ନ   ஢,  
     ନ ࠡ⠥ ࠢ쭮.
  3. ,    AUX ନ 䨣஢ ⠪  ,
       ਭ (᪮ ।,  ⭮,   ,
     XON/XOFF  ⠪ ).
     4. ⮡  lprint ࠡ⠫, lprint  , 
       ⠭        -
     쭮     ନ.    lprint    ᬠਢ    䠩
     /etc/termcap  宦  ਡ⮢  ନ:  PN
     ( )  PS (⠭ ).   ᫥⥫-
      室,    뫠   ନ  
     ࠢ 쭮 .  쪮 ᪮쪮 ନ
       ਡ,  ।   termcap. -
       ⥪⮢ । (⠪,   Vi(C))  -
     ન 䠩 /etc/termcap.  (/etc/termcap  ⠪  
     ୠ⨢  䠩,      । ६
     TERMCAP).      襣 ନ. -
     ਬ, ᫨ ନ  Wyse60,  ᫥ ᪠
     wyse60.  termcap 룫廊 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

                         -15-11-

 w7|wy60|wyse60|Wyse WY-60 with 80 column/24 line screen in wy60
 mode:\

   :is=\E`\072\Ee(\EO\Ee6\Ec41\E 4\Ec21\Ed/:\

   :if/usr/lib/tabset/std:pt:\

   :G1=\EH3:G2=\EH2:G3=\EH1:G4=\EH5:GD=\EH0:GG#0:GH=\TH\072:\

   :GU=\EH=:GV=\EH6:GR=\EH4:GL=\EH9:GC=\EH8:GF=\EH7:\

   :PU=\EJ:PD=\EK:\

   :a1=\EE:am:bs:bt=E1:cd=\EY:ce=\ET:c1=\E+:\

   :cm=\Ea%i%dR%dC:co#80:dc=\EW:dl=\ER:ei=\Er:im=\Eq:k0=^AI\r:\

   :k1=^A@\r:k2=^AA\r:k3=^AB\r:k4=^AC\r:k5=^AD\r:k6=^AE\r:k7=
6AF\r:\

   :k8=6AG\r:k9=^AH\r:kd=^J:kh=^ :kl=^H:kr=6L:ku=^K:\

   :li#24:mi:nd=^L:se=\EG0:so=\EG4:sg#0:ug#0:ue=\EG0:u1:up=^K:us
=\EG8:

w8|wy60|wyse60|Wyse WY-60 with 132 column/24 line screen in wy60
mode:\

   :is=\E`\073\Ee(\EO\Ee6\Ec41\E 4\Ec21\

   :if/usr/lib/tabset/std:pt:\

   :G1=\EH3:G2=\EH2:G3=\EH1:G4=\EH5:GD=\EH0:GG#0:GH=\TH\072:\

   :GU=\EH=:GV=\EH6:GR=\EH4:GL=\EH9:GC=\EH8:GF=\EH7:\

   :PU=\EJ:PD=\EK:\

     Wyse60  ᮤন । PN  PS.        砥
     㣨 ନ ᫥  ப,  ᮤঠ 
      ਡ   /etc/termcap  襣 ନ-
     . 塞 ப  :

                         -15-11-

     :PN=start sequence:PS=stop sequence:\

  5.   㪮  ନ  㦥 -
     ⥫쭮 ࠢ ᨬ, ᯮ㥬  -
     ४祭 ⥫쭮 .      뢠
       ०  " १"  "஧ ०".  ਬ஬
     ᫥⥫쭮, ࠧ饩 ⥫ , -
       祭   Wyse 60 ନ:

     <ESC> d #

      , 몫騩  ᭮ - :

     <CTL>t

  6.    祢  ப    ࠭᫨஢    ଠ
    termcap ।  饭  䠩 termcap. termcap
     ᯮ ᫥騥 , ।⠢騥 祢 ப:

                         -15-12-

 +------------------+---------------------------+
 | 祢 ப  | ᫥⥫쭮 termcap|
 +------------------+---------------------------+
 | ESCAPE           | \E                        |
 | CTRL-x           | ^x (x -   ᨬ) |
 | NEWLINE          | \n                        |
 | RETUTN           | \r                        |
 | TAB              | \t                        |
 | BACKSPACE        | \b                        |
 | FORMFEED         | \f                        |
 +------------------+---------------------------+

      ᯮ짮  ࠢ饩  ᫥⥫쭮 ᯮ-
      ᨬ (^),    <CTL>. ਬ <CTL>  -
         ।⠢ ^.  ஬ ⮣ ᨬ  
     ।⠢  쬥묨  (ᬮ ascii(M), 
     ᨬ ⭠   (^), ।⠢묨  \^  \
     \ ᮮ⢥⢥).    ਡ⮢ termcap  
       ࠧ  稥 (:).  ( termcap(M) 
     祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨).

     ,  ਡ⠬ termcap   ᪠    ⠭
  PN  PS. ᯮ짮 ਢ  ⠡-
  ,   termcap  祢 ப Wyse
60 <ESC> # d (砫 , PN)  <CTL>  (⠭ , PS)
룫廊 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     :PN=\Ed#:PS=^T:\

  7.  ନ Wyse 60   ⠢  㪠 
     ப   termcap  Wyse 60.  (  㡥-
     ,   ப ⠢  ।   襣
     ନ;   ,   ப  ᫥-
      ப).
      㣨 ନ ஢ 㪮⢮   -
      ᫥⥫쭮  祭  몫祭  -
     ⥫쭮 ०   ⠢ ᫥⥫쭮-
       termcap,      ⮬  ਬ.    ନ
     (⠪,    Wyse60)   "஧" ०,  
       ⮡ࠦ  ࠭  ६ . ( -
     , ࠭ ᫥⥫쭮 PN   ਬ).

                         -15-12-

ਬ砭
     祭  ⥬  ⢥    -
  ஢ /etc/termcap.   ४㥬, ⮡   -
  ஢ ࢮ砫 䠩  㣨    砥, 
    ᮢ蠥 訡.    ⠪  䠩 ᭮ 
  襩 ਡ樨, ᯮ custom(ADM).

                         -15-13-

  8. ᫥  ⮢ PN  PS ⪫  ୨
     ᭮  ⨢樨   termcap.
  9. ᯮ ᫥    䠩 filename 
     쭮 ਭ:

   2  lprint filename

      ᠩ    ६ 쭮 ;   
      믮 㣨   ନ  ६ -
     .
  10. ᫨ 䠩 ⠥  ࠭  ਭ,    ᮧ-
         PS   PN ४.   
     ࠢ묨 . ᫨ 䠩   ⠥  ਭ-
       ନ,  ⠩ ᮥ ⠪ ।
      祭   , ᮥ饬  AUX ନ-
       ਭ.

                         -15-14-

               LOGIN

        אַ  ᮥ  ਭ  ⥬
 ᯮ짮  ⢥ ନ login :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-v 1pathname -l

      sysadmish 짮⥫ 롨:
      Printer-->Configure-->Add
     (ਭ-->䨣஢-->)

       ࠭ pathname -   ᯥ樠쭮 䠩,  ।-
⠢饣  ਭ. -l 㪠뢠,  ਭ 㤥 -
᪨ ,  㦨 ਭ ᪠, -
  짮⥫   ⥬.  ਭ 
ନ      ।    ᯮ짮
 .

                         -15-15-

               LP

      ଠ쭮 ࠡ    ᪠    -
⠭ 㦨  .  ⮬᪨ -
᪠  ࠧ  ᪥ 樮 ⥬   -
蠥    ࠧ  ⠭ 樮 ⥬.  ,
᫨  㦭 ⠭ 㦨   ⠭ -
樮  ⥬    ᤥ ,  믮 楤,
ᠭ  ᫥饬 ࠧ.
     ⠭ 㦨  ਭ ४頥    -
祭 ᪮쪨 ᥪ㭤.     ,    
稫 뤠  ,   ᫥ 
㦨 .  䨣樨 ਭ,     䨫,
騥   ⠭ 㦨 ਭ ⠭-
 ᫥ .

ਬ砭
   筮  ᪠  ⠭ 㦨   
   祭  ⥬     ୥  㯥௮짮-
  ⥫,   짮⥫  ਧ樥 lp.

         筮 ⠭ 㦨 

      筮 ⠭ 㦨   ᫥
:

     /usr/lib/lpshut

     sysadmish 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Shedule-->Stop
     (ਭ-->஢-->⠭)

     ⮡ࠦ ﭨ:

     Print services stopped
     (।⢠  ⠭)

        ४頥  祭 ᪮쪨 ᥪ㭤. ᫨
 ⠥ ⠭ 㦨 ,      -
,  㢨 ᮮ饭:

     Print services already stopped
     (㦨  㦥 ⠭)

                         -15-16-

ਬ砭
    । १ ਭ,   室-
    ﭨ online.  ᫨ ਭ  室  oﭨ
  online   ࠡ⠥ ࠢ쭮, ᫥  ਭ.

          筮  㦨 ਭ

      筮  㦨 ਭ  ᫥-
 :

     /usr/lib/lpshed

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Shedule-->Begin
     (ਭ-->஢-->)

     ⮡ࠦ ᮮ饭:

     Print services started
     (饭 㦨 )

      ॡ      ⠭ -
䨣権,    䨫஢ ਭ । ⥬,  ࠭
    .  ᫨  ⠥ -
⮢ 㦨   ६  믮,    㢨
ᮮ饭:

     Print services already active
     (㦨  㦥 ⨢)

ਬ砭
      ⠭ 㦨   
  䨣権 ਭ     䨫஢.

                         -15-17-

                 

      ⬥    襭      ᯮ   a
cancel(C).    訢  ,  ⥬  ⮡ࠦ
䨪   襣 . ਬ, ᫨  -
뫠   ਭ ""  ⥬,  UNIX  ⮡ࠦ
䨪   ᫥饬 :

+-----------------------------------------------------------
| request id is laser-number
|

 ᫮ -  ,  祭 .  ⬥ 
। 砫  ᯮ :

2     cancel laser-number

     sysadmsh  짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Request-->Cancel
     (ਭ-->-->⬥)

      ⬥.
        ⥬  ⠥  ,  ⠪   
cancel  ᯮ짮 , ⮡  䥪⨢.

                         -15-18-

           

      enable   lpshed  䠩  ਭ-
.  ਭ  ਭ    ᫥ ⮣, 
 ਭ ਭ  accept,    䠩 -
 ⠪  뤠  enable.
     ਬ  ⨢樨 ਭ   " daisy" -
:

     enable daisy

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Shedule-->Enable
     (ਭ-->஢-->⨢஢)

      ⨢஢ ਭ  disable.  -
஢騪  lpshed  뫠    ⨢஢-
 ਭ ᨬ   ﭨ.   -r -
  ᫠ ᮮ饭 짮⥫,  饥,  祬
ਭ ⨢஢.
     ਬ  ⨢樨 ਭ   "" -
 㬠 :

     disable -r "paper jam" laser

짮⥫, 訢騥 ﭨ ""   lpstat
-plaser  ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:

+--------------------------------------------------
|printer laser disabled since Dec 5 10:15
|paper jam
|
 (ਭ  ⨢஢ 5  10:15)

⥫쭠 ଠ        ᮤন 
ࠧ enable(C)  disable(C) 㬥 User's Reference.

                         -15-19-

               

      㤮 ᬠਢ  ਭ஢   .
२⢮ ⮨  ⮬,  짮⥫  ᫠ 䠩
  童 ,   㦨  롨ࠥ 
ਭ  ,   ᢮.  蠥 -
᪭ ᯮᮡ,  ⠪  ਭ ᯮ ᨬ쭮
䥪⨢.
        㦭,  ᫨ ⢥ 楫  ࠧ-
 짮⥫ ।    । ਭ-
.  ⨯ lp -  짮⥫ । 䠩
   ⨯.  㯭 ਭ,   -
ࠡ뢠  ⨯ 䠩,  ⠥ 䠩.  㦨 
 ᯮ 䨫, ᫨  , 롨 ਭ, -
     䠩 ,    㦤 
䨫樨.

ਬ砭
   ࠧ ""    祭 -
  ⥫쭮 ଠ樨  䨫.

       ᯮᮡ  饭     ਭ-
஢,     ᯮ짮  ᮡ 浪.  ᫨ 
  ᮪᪮⭮ ਭ  ᪮⭮ ਭ,
ਬ,  , e⭮, , ⮡ ᮪᪮⭮ ਭ-
 ࠡ뢠 ⮫쪮 ᮢ, ᪮쪮 ,  ᪮-
⭮ ਭ ᯮ짮,  㣮 .   -
㦨   ᥣ  ஢  㯭  ਭ    ⮬
浪,    ਭ   ,   -
 ᮪᪮⭮ ਭ      ।  ᪮
ਭ஬,     㦨  ࠢ -
   㦭 浪.

      ਭ  , ᯮ ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername2 -c classname

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Modify
     (ਭ-->䨣஢-->䨪)

     ᫨  classname   ,  ᮧ.

                         -15-20-

ਬ砭
   ᮢ    ਭ஢   㭨묨. 
   짮⥫  祭   
   , ⭮     ਭ஢   ⤥쭮
  ਭ.   ࠧ       ਭ 
   .

         ਭ  ,   ਭ 
   .

                         -15-21-

             

        । ਭ  ,  ᯮ㥬 
 䠩,   짮⥫   ᨫ    ஥
祭     ६ 窨 LPDEST.  ਭ 
  㦥 ⢮.
      ਭ   祭  㬮砭 
᫥饩 :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -d printername  classname

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Default
     (ਭ-->䨣஢--> 㬮砭)

     ᫨   訫,      祭  
㬮砭,    㫥  printername  classname,   
᫥饩 :

     /usr/lib/lpadmin -d

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Default
     (ਭ-->䨣஢--> 㬮砭)

     ᫨    祭  㬮砭,      -
.  짮⥫       ਭ   
  ,     ⠭   ६
窨 LPDEST  祭.
      窨 :

     setenv LPDEST=printer

      窨 Bourne:

     LPDEST=printer; export LPDEST

                         -15-22-

           

ਬ砭
   ࠧ ""    祭 ଠ樨
   ९ਭ ଠ.

     । ⥬,   㦨  稭  䠩-
,    室 ९ਭ⭠ ଠ  騩 -
,    ᬮ஢    ਭ.  ᫨  ।⢮
।० ⠭    饣 堭,
  㤥 饭,   筮  ⢮  ᮢ
 ⠭  ।  ஢.
        ,      㡥-
,   ⠭ ࠢ쭮. ᫨   ॣ-
 ࠧ ࠢ,      
  ,    ந ਭ ⠪, ⮡ ࠧ -
ࠢ 룫拉 ४⭮.
     ஢   饣 堭 砥 -
砫  㧪  ਭ  ᫥騬 饭 -
㦨   ஢.    㤭   
ਭ,  饣  騩 ,  ⠪  㦨-
  த  䠩,   㦭 ଠ 
ਭ,    ⭮ 室 ᭠砫  ⨢஢
ਭ.   ࠧ ࠢ쭠 楤 룫廊 ᫥騬
ࠧ:
  1. ⨢ ਭ    disable.
  2. ஢     饣  堭,  
      ᠭ    ࠧ.
  3. ୠ ⨢ ਭ      enable.
     ( disable  enable ᠭ ࠭  ࠧ "⨢-
       ⨢ ਭ஢"  ).

                         -15-23-

     ᫥ 㧪      饣  堭  
ਭ    ᫥      㦨
 ஢.  (     ப 
 ⥭:      ப).

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername2 -M -S print-wheelname
     -f 1formname -a -o filebreak

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->PPforms-->Configure
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->-->䨣)

     ய -S print-wheelname,  ᫨    ⮫쪮
  ய 2-f 1formname -a -o filebreak,  ᫨  -
 ⮫쪮 騩 堭.
     ᫨   ,   訢 ⨥ -
 <> । ⥬,   ⠥    ࠧ
ࠢ.
     ᫥  ࠧ   ந ਭ    ᭮
  . ᫨ ࠧ ࠢ  ॣ-
஢,     訢 ⨥ .   -
   -  - filebreak,  ᫨    
  ࠧ殬 ࠢ.
      - filebreak 訢  㦨 
LP  formfeed ᫥   ࠧ ࠢ.
⢨⥫쭠 ࠢ ᫥⥫쭮, ᯮ㥬 
formfeed,   ᯮ㥬 ਭ  砥  -
  terminfo.  ᫨ ࠧ ࠢ 㦥 砥 -
 ,   - filebreak.
     ᫨     ࠧ஢   騩 -
,  ᯮ  ᫥  :   /usr/lib/lpadmin   -p
1printername -M -S none -f none
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->PPforms-->Remove
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->-->)
      -S  none,  ᫨    ⮫쪮  ࠧ஢
;   ⨢ 砥  -f none, ᫨  ⮫쪮 -
 ࠧ஢ 騩 堭.
           ਭ,  뫠  ⮫쪮
 ,   ॡ騥 .  ⨢ 砥  
 騩 堭  ਭ, 뫠 ⮫쪮
 ,   ॡ騥 ⤥쭮 饣 堭.

                         -15-24-

             

       㤠 ਭ  , ᫨  -
騥  . ᫨  騥 ,   ᭠-
砫 ᫠   㣮 ਭ  , ᯮ -
 lpmove  㤠 , ᯮ  cancel.
      ᫥ ⠢襣 ਭ   ⮬-
᪨ 㤠  . , 㤠   ਢ
 㤠 ਭ஢,  뫨 ⠬ ⮣ . -
 㤠塞 ਭ    ⠪  㬮砭 -
⥬ 祭,   ⥬   ਭ  㬮-
砭 祭.
      㤠  ਭ    ᫥ -
:

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p printername  classname

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Remove
     (ਭ-->䨣஢-->)

     ᫨ ,    -  㤠 ਭ  ,
  㤠 ਭ,  ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-r classname

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Modify
     (ਭ-->䨣஢-->䨪)

                         -15-25-

              

       ॡ ⠭ ਥ  ᮢ  
  ਭ  ᫠     ਭ 
㣮.   ࠧ 稭  ⮣, ⠪  ᫥-
騥:
     - ਭ 㦤  ਮ᪮ ᮯ஢;
     - ਭ ᫮;
     - ਭ 㤠;
     -   䨣 ⠪,   ਭ  ᯮ-
        -㣮;
     - ᫨誮      ᮢ  ਭ ⠢ 
       ।   ਭ    ।.
     ᫨  ᮡࠥ ந 讥   ᯮᮡ
ᯮ짮 ਭ,  ⠪,  ਬ,  ⠭  -
  ࠡ⪨  । ,   饣
堭,  㯭  ਭ,  ᯮ짮 ਭ-
 묨 쬨,    , 騥  । 
ਭ,    ᫠  ⬥. 㦨 -
  ⠥  ୠ⨢ ਭ,   ⮫쪮  -
砥,  ᫨ 짮⥫  롨ࠥ ᯮ㥬 ਭ. 
   뫠 ⮬᪨;  ᫨   뫠
,  㦨  ⬥ .
     ᫨   訫,    ਭ ᫥ 뢥  ⥬,
 䨣 ᫥  ,   ᫨誮 㦥,
     ᫠      ⢥࣭ -
⥫ .  ᯮ  ⮣   lpmove  
reject. ᫨   ⢥࣠  ਭ,   -
 ਭ     accept.

        ⪠  ᮢ  ਭ  

      ⠭ ਭ    ᮢ    ਭ  
 ਭ஢  ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/reject -r "reason" printername  classname
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Shedule-->Reject
     (ਭ-->஢-->⪠)
        ⢥࣭   ᪮쪨 ਭ஢ 
ᮢ  ,  ᫨        ப,
ࠧ  ஡.

                         -15-26-

reason (稭)  ⮡ࠦ,   - ⠥ 
䠩  ਭ.    ⬥  ( -r) ᫨  
  稭.     reject ⠭ ਭ⨥
 ᮢ ,   뫠  ⬥ --
 , 騥  饥 ६  ।  ਭ. 
த ,  ਭ ⨢஢.

          ਭ⨥ ᮢ  ਭ  

      accept  ਭࠬ   ᠬ  ਭ஢
ਭ  , ᤥ  lp.   ࠧ-
 ਭ ਥ ᮢ ᫥  ⮣,      ࠢ쭮
䨣஢.
     ᫥ ⮣,   ᫮, 饥  ⬥ ᮢ, ᪮-
४஢  ,  ᫥   ᪠
 ᮢ:

2     /usr/lib/accept printername  classname

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Shedule-->Accept
     (ਭ-->஢-->ਥ)

        ਭ    ᪮쪨  ਭ஢
 ᮢ   ,  ᫨     -
.   ᥣ  ᯮ짮   accept    
ਭ    ᫥  ,  ⠪  㦨
 ࢮ砫쭮  ਭ      ਭ஢
 ᮢ.

          뫪 ᮢ  㣮 ਭ

     ᫨     뫠     ਭ 
  㣮,    ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpmove request-id printername
2     /usr/lib/lpmove printername1 printername2

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Request-->Move
     (ਭ-->-->뫪)

                         -15-26-

          䨪  -
।  ਭ  ࢮ . ࢠ  뫠
᫥    ਭ. ᫥ 
뫠   ,  騥  ।, ࢮ ਭ,
 ன ਭ.  ᯮ ᫥ , -
  ਭ  ⠪  ਭ    ࢮ
ਭ (    䥪,    reject).

                         -15-27-

               ਬ

     ਢ ᪮쪮 ਬ஢ ⮣,     ᯮ-
  lpmove, accept  reject:

ਬ 1
      訫    ਭ lp1  믮 -
஥ ।।⥫쭮 㦨.    ᫠  
  ਭ lp1  ਭ lp2. ᫥ 뫪 -
ᮢ 㦨   ਭ    lp1 (
     䥪,     reject lp1,뤠 ᫥
 lpmove).

     /usr/lib/lpmove lp1 lp2

        ⨢஢ ਭ    -
  .  ᫥ 襭      ⥬:

     /usr/lib/accept lp1

      ⮩ 窥, ᫨  ⨢஢ ਭ,  ᫥-
 ୮ ⨢஢ .   ࠧ "⨢஢-
  ⨢஢ ਭ஢"  .

ਬ 2
      ⨫,  - ⠢  । ᪮쪮 -
  䠩     ਭ laser1.    ६ ਭ
laser2 ⠨,  ⠪  । ᮢ   -
.    諥    laser1-23  laser1-46 
laser2  ⪠    ᮢ  laser1    
६.

     /usr/lib/lpmove laser1-23 laser1-46 laser2
     /usr/lib/reject -r "too busy--will reopen late"
                      (᫨誮  - ८ன )
     laser1

                         -15-28-

ਬ 3
       ।  ࠢ  ᮢ    
ਭ 4 - ६:

     /usr/lib/reject -r "printer4 needs repair" printer4
                       (ਭ4 㦤  ६)

     짮⥫, 訢騩  䠩  ਭ4, -
砥 ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:

+-----------------------------------------------------------
| lp: can not accept requests for destination "printer4"
| (     祭 "ਭ4")
| --printer printer4 needs repair
|   (ਭ ਭ4 㦤  ६)

 । ﭨ ਥ 祭  :

     lpstat -a

                         -15-29-

                 

     ᯥ祭  ।⠢ ⮩ 堭  ਮ-
⮢,    짮⥫   ᯮ짮  ன
    ।.     -
 ᢠ ஢ ਮ 殬,  ஥ 
⨬;   ᫮    0  39,  祬 訥  ᫠
㪠뢠   ᮪ ஢ ਮ.    
᮪ ஢ ਮ (訥 ᫠)    ।
ᮢ   ਮ⮬ (訥 ᫠).
      ࠧ,  ᫨  訫,       
᫨誮    ਮ,    ⠭  ᮪
ਮ (襥 祭),  砥 䠩  .
᫨  訫,     ᫨誮 ᮪ ਮ-
,      ਮ (襥 祭)
 祭 䠩  .
     奬 ਮ   ࠡ⠥, ᫨  ஫ 
⥬,  ᪮쪮 ᮪ ਮ   ⠭.  -
 । ᫥騥 ࠪ⨪ ⮩ 奬:
     -   짮⥫   祭 । ਮ-
     .          ਮ
      ᮪,  祬 ।,     -
     祭   ਮ.
     - ।  ਮ   㬮砭   祭 
       짮⥫,    祭  ᮭ
     ਮ.
     -   ⠭ ਮ  㬮砭.   ਮ-
     ,  ᢮ ᠬ ,   짮⥫
      稫 ਮ.
     ⠭ ࠪ⨪  ᮮ⢥⢨  ॡﬨ 
 ।  ﭨ  ਮ    
(⠪,   筠  設⢠ 짮⥫)  -
ਮ   (⠪,    ஢ન -
⮢  ᮭ).
       㦨,    室  -
   । 㣨,  ,   
।⢮ ⠥  饥 ६ ᠬ.  
    ।  ।    -
  ঠ 㣨  .   
㦭      ন    ⥪饣   
⠭.

                         -15-29-

      lpusers    । ਮ
 짮⥫,  ⠪  ਮ  㬮砭.  ஬ ⮣,
  ᯮ짮  2lp -i 1request-id -H hold  lp -i
request-id  -H  immediate    饭   ঠ
ﭨ  뫪        ᮮ⢥-
⢥.   㦤 ஡ .

                         -15-30-

          ⠭ । ਮ

      ⠭ । ਮ 짮⥫  ᫥-
 :

2     /usr/lib/lpusers -q 1priority-level 2-u username

       ⠭ ।  㯯 짮⥫ -
᫥   ᫥  -u.  ࠧ -
⮩  ஡ ( ᯨ᮪  窨, ᫨  ᯮ-
  ஡).  ஢  ਮ  -  ᫮  0  39.  
㪠 ࠭,  祬  ᫮,  ⥬  ਮ,  ,  
 砥, । ਮ.

     ᫨       । ਮ   㣨
짮⥫,  ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpusers -q priority-level

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:

     Printers-->Priorities-->Default
     (ਭ-->ਮ--> 㬮砭)

      ⮬ ⠭ ।  㬮砭,  祭 
㬮砭 ⭮  ⥬ 짮⥫,     -
   ।     ᯮ짮  ᬮ७  ࠭  
lpusers.

     ᫨   訫,   -      㣮
। ਮ,   ୮  ,  㪠
,    ।.  ᫨  訫,   -   
।     ।  㬮砭,   ᫥
:

2     /usr/lib/lpusers -u username

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:

     Printers-->Priorities-->Remove
     (ਭ-->ਮ-->)

                         -15-30-

        ᤥ   祬   짮-
⥫     ࠧ,    ᯨ᮪  .  ᯮ짮  
lpusers ⮫쪮   -u 頥 짮⥫  -
 ।  㬮砭.

     ᫨     ⠭ ।  㬮砭,  짮⥫
  । ࠭稢 ਮ⠬   20-
39.

                         -15-31-

           ਮ  㬮砭

       ⠭ ਮ   㬮砭,  砥
ᠬ   ਮ.  ᯮ ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpusers -d priority-level

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Priorities-->Highest
     (ਭ-->ਮ-->訩)

      ⠩  祭,  ਭ  㬮砭,  -
  㬮砭.   祭    㬮砭  ᯮ,
  짮⥫  ᢮ ਮ;  ।  㬮砭
ᯮ,  ᫨   稫 ।   짮⥫  -
  ᯮ    ࠭祭  짮⥫  ᢮
᫨誮 ᮪ ਮ.

ਬ砭
  ᫨ ਮ  㬮砭  । 짮⥫,  -
   ।.

᫨   ⠭ ਮ  㬮砭,  ।⢠ -
 ᯮ 祭  㬮砭 20.

          ஢ઠ । ਮ  祭  㬮砭
       ஢  ⠭,  祭  ।-
 ਮ  祭  㬮砭,  ᫥饩 -
:

     /usr/lib/lpusers -l

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Pririties-->List
     (ਭ-->ਮ-->᮪)

          뫪   ।
     ᫥ 뤠 짮⥫      -
᫠   ।  ࠧ. ਬ,  :
     - ந ਮ   ஢, ᨬ  -
       짮⥫,
     -    ঠ ﭨ   㣨
     ᠬ  । ,

                         -15-32-

     -    砫 ।   .

      믮    ⢨ ᯮ -
  lp.

 ਮ 

     ᠬ ,   騬 ,   ७-
祭  ਮ.      ।, -
  । ਮ ᮢ,   ᧠  -
  ⮣      襣  ਮ.   ।   ਮ,
祭  짮⥫  ( । ਮ  㬮砭)
  祭,  ⠪   ४뢠  ।  -
.

      ᫥    ਮ :

2     lp -i1 request id 2-q new-priority-level

          ⮫쪮    ࠧ  ⮩ -
.  ᫨  㦥 ⠥,       
ਮ.

ਮ⠭ 

      ,   稢訩 ,    ਮ-
.    ⠭  ,  ᫨  ⠥ 
饥  ६,      믮    .
㣮 짮⥫,  ,     -
,   ਮ⠭.

      ᫥   ਮ⠭ :

2     lp -i 1request id -H hold

      ᫥    :

2     lp -i 1request id -H resume

    ᫥   த "" ।
 㤥 .  ᫨  ⠫    ਮ⠭,
  㤥  ⮬  . 筮  稭
  砫,  ࠭ ,     

                         -15-32-

࠭楩 .   ᫥   
  ன ࠭:

2     lp -i 1request id 2-H resume -P starting-page-

      㭪  室   砫쭮 ࠭
  ᫥ ࠭.

                         -15-33-

ਬ砭
    ⢠ ࠭ ॡ  䨫-
  ,      ࠡ뢠 ⠪ .   
  㬮砭,  ᯮ㥬 㦨 ,   -
  뢠 ⠪ .  ⪠   -
  楩  ⢥࣠, ᫨  ᯮ ᮮ⢥騩
  䨫.

뫪   砫 ।

       ᫠    砫 ।,  
㤥 ᫥饩 ࠡ⮩,  롨ࠥ  . ᫨  
  ,    饥 ६ ⠥ -
 ,    ਮ⠭ 㣮 ,   -
ᠭ .
      ᫥   뫪     
砫 ।:

 2    lp -i 1request id -H immediate

     쪮 ⥬   ᫠ , -
  ,   짮⥫   ᯮ짮  -
 -H immediate.

ਬ砭
  ᫨          ,
     ⭮ 浪,    , ᫠-
    砫 । ᫥, ⠥ .

          ஢ઠ 䨣樨 ਭ

     ᫥ । 䨣樨 ਭ  ⭮ -
 ᬮ ,  ⮡ 㡥,   ࠢ쭠. ᫨
᫥ ஢ન 䨣樨   㢨,    ᤥ  訡,
୮  , ⭮  ,  ୠ.
     ᯮ  lpstat  ஢ન 䨣樨  -
饣  ﭨ  ਭ.  ⪠  ଠ ⮩  
⮫쪮 .    ᯮ짮 , ⮡ 㡥, 
ਭ , , ᫨  ,  ࠡ⠥  ⨢-
஢.  ଠ    䨣.

                         -15-34-

        ᫥   ஢ન ਭ:

2     lpstat -p printername
2     lpstat -p 1printername  -l

         .      
㢨 ਬ୮ ᫥饥:
+------------------------------------------------------
| printer printer-name now printing request-id.
| enabled since date
| printer printer-name is idle. enable since date
| printer printer-name disable since date
|         reason
| printer printer-name waiting for auto-retry
|         reason

1 - ਭ -ਭ,  ⥯ 騩 䨪 -
 ⨢஢;  2 - ਭ -ਭ ᢮. ⨢-
஢  ; 3 - ਭ -ਭ ⨢஢  
- 稭;  4 - ਭ -ਭ  ⮯ - 稭

     室 "  -" 뢠,  㦨-
  LP  ᬮ ᯮ짮 ਭ (- 
稭),    㦨  㤥  ᤥ 
.
          㢨 ᫥騥  
室:
+------------------------------------------------------
|Form mounted: form-name
|Content types: content-type-list
|Printer type: printer-type
|Description: comment
|Connection: connection-info
|Interface: path-name
|On fault: alert-method
|After fault: fault-recovery
|Users allowed:
|             user-list
|Forma allowed:
|             form-list
|Banner required

                         -15-34-

|Character sets:
|          character-set-list
|Default pitch: integer CPI, integer LPI
|Default page size: scaled-decimal-number wide,
|                   scaled-decimal-number long
|Default port settings: stty-option-list

1 - 㥬 ଠ:  
2 - ⨯ ᮤন: ᯨ᮪ ⨯ ᮤন
3 - ⨯ ਭ: ⨯-ਭ
4 - ᠭ: ਩
5 - ᮥ: ଠ-ᮥ
6 - 䥩: -
7 -  ᡮ: ⮤ ॠ樨  ᡮ
8 - ᫥ ᡮ: ⠭  ᡮ
9 - 짮⥫ ࠧ蠥: ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫
10 - ଠ ࠧ蠥: ᯨ᮪-
11 - ॡ 
12 -  ᨬ: ᯨ᮪--ᨬ
13 - 蠣  㬮砭: 楫 CPI, 楫 LPI
14 - ࠧ ࠭  㬮砭: ਭ
     ⠡஢ 筮 ᫮, 
     ⠡஢ 筮 ᫮
15 - ⠭   㬮砭: ᯨ᮪-⥩ stty

      ࠧ "⨢஢  ⨢஢ ਭ-
஢",  ਢ ࠭  ⮩ ,  祭 ଠ-
樨.

                         -15-35-

             

     ᫨      㤭  ࠡ ਭ,   
᪮쪮 ⥩  ࠡ.

      室 -   

     ਭ ⠨:  祣  ந室.  砫  -
  㬥   ਭ  ।  맮
। ᠬ஢, 㡥,  ਭ ࠡ⠥.

ᮥ  ਭ  ?

     ஢,  ਭ ᮥ   .  -
  㪮  ਭ  祭 権.

⨢஢  ਭ?

     ਭ   ⨢஢  ᯮᮡ. --
,  ਭ   祭  ⮢  祭  
. -, 㦨    ⮢ 
ᯮ짮 ਭ.  ⠭ ਭ,    ᠭ 
ࠧ "⠭ ਭ"  . ᫨  稫 -
饭  訡  ६ ⮣ , ᫥ ।-
,  ᮤঠ騬   ᮮ饭. ᫥ 襭 ⠭
ਭ ᯮ ᫥騥 :

2     /usr/lib/accept printername
2     enable primtername

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Shedule-->Accept
    (ਭ-->஢-->ਥ)
     Printers-->Shedule-->Enable
    (ਭ-->஢-->⨢)

      printername -  , 砥 ਭ  -
  .      䠩-ࠧ  (⠪,   
/etc/passwd)  :

2     lp -d 1printername 2-T printer-type filename

                         -15-35-

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Dirs/Files--> Print
    (/䠩-->)

     ᫨   ᢮ ⨯ ਭ  ਭ,  -
  2- printer-type.

                         -15-36-

४⭠  ᪮ ।?

     ᫨ ᪮ । (᪮,   ன  -
뫠   ਭ)  ᮮ⢥ ਭ,   
祣  ⠥.  ࠧ "ࠧ稢 ".

          ࠧ稢 

     ਭ ⠥ ,   砥   ,    
,  - ⠥.

४⭠  ᪮ ।?

     筮,  ᪮ ।  ᮮ⢥ ਭ,
 砥  室,    룫廊  ⠪,    ,
   ᫠  .  砩 ᨬ   -
筮 ᬥ ᯥ樠 ᨬ  ࠢ묨 ஡-
.

     ⠩ 㬥   ਭ  ।  ᪮-
 ।.  ⭮  㤥 ⠭  9600    
⨬쭮  ந⥫쭮,  ᫨   ⠭  9600
,    ⠢  㦨  ਭ  ᯮ짮
४  ᪮ । ( 㬮砭 ᯮ 9600).
᫨ ਭ ᮥ १ ࠫ , ᪮ ।-
   祭.

      ⠭  㣮  ᪮  ।  㦨
 ᯮ ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-o stty=baud-rate

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Parameters
    (ਭ-->䨣-->஢)

      "stty  㬮砭 / ᯮ    쥩  
,  ᫥ 祭 ᪮ ।.  -
 䠩-ࠧ    (᭥  ࠭    ࠧ
"஢   饣 堭").

                         -15-36-

४⭠  ⠭ ⭮?

      ਭ ᯮ  ⭮, ⮡ 㡥-
,   , 砥  ,  ᪠  -
.   ⭮  ஢  ᪮쪨  ࠧ묨
ᯮᮡ,     ਭ  ᮣᮢ ᯮ짮-
  ᯮᮡ.  ᫨   ᮮ⢥,   ᨬ-
       㣨 ᨬ.   饬
砥  ⠪,  室 룫廊 ਡ⥫쭮 ४ 
ࠧ ஡ "᫮",  ⨯  襣 㬥, 
 㪢 ᯮ  ४ .

                         -15-37-

     ஢ 㬥  ਭ, ⮡ 㡥, 
室    㦭  .  ᫨  ਭ  אַ ᮥ 
 쭮-⠪ ⪨ ஢ (50 ⮢   
⮣),    ᯮ짮  ⭮. 㦨 -
  ⠭  㬮砭   ⭮.  ,  ,
  , ᯮ ᫥騩 롮 sysadmsh:

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -o stty=oddp
     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -o stty= evenp
     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -o stty= -parity

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Parameters
    (ਭ-->䨣-->஢)

     ஬ ⮣,  믮   ᫥   
"stty  㬮砭"    :  oddp,  evenp,  -parity.
ࢮ ⠭  ⭮ ⭮,  ஥ -
  ⭮.  ᫥  ⠭  
㬮砭  ⢨ ⭮.  롥 ,  
ᮮ⢥ ॡ 襣 ਭ.

 ⠭ ࠢ쭮?

     ᫨ ਭ   祭 ᨬ  ⠡樨,  
室  믮,    ᨬ  ᦨ  -
 .   ࠧ "  ࠭/  ⥪  
"""  ⮩ .

          稢 , ࠢ 
          ஬⪨

     室 ந,   ⠥,      -
 ஬⪨,    ࠭  ᮤঠ  
  ࠭.   ஡    ன
⠭ ਭ (᫨  )   ᮮ⢥⢨ -
⠭ 㦨 .

            ஬⪨

     ४ ⥪  묨 묨 ஬⪠  -
  -onlcr  -tabs.

                         -15-38-

            ࠭/ ⥪  ""

     ᫨   ࠭  ⥪ ࠥ  "",  -
  -tabs.

            ࠭

     ᫨ 뢮 ᮤন     ࠭,  ᯮ
 onlcr.    㬮砭,    -
砩  .

४ ⨯ ਭ?

      ᫥騩  ࠧ  "ࠢ    ᨬ
".

          ࠢ  ᨬ 

     ᫨ ࠭  ࠢ  ⨯  ਭ  ⠭ 
ਭ ᯥ祭 ,    ਭ   ᫠
ࠢ  ࠢ騥 ᨬ.   ।᪠㥬 
 ਢ  祧 室      ᪠,  
⮬  ஡, ᠭ ࠭.   ஡-
   ⠭ ࠢ쭮  ᨬ 
.
     ᫨   ,   ⨯ ᢮ ਭ, ⠩-
 믮 ᫥饥  ஢ન 㯭 ⨯ ਭ.
-,  ᫨  ⠥,  ⨯ ਭ  ।-
 , ⠩ 믮 ᫥ :

2     TERM=1printer-type tput longname

     室 ⮩        ନ,   
⪨ ᠭ ਭ,  㥬 printer-type (-
 ਭ). ஡ ᯮ짮 ,   -
 ࠢ묨       ⠪, ஥ -
  ਭ.
     ᫨   ,   ஡,   ஢-
  /usr/lib/terminfo,  ⮡ ᬮ 㯭
.  ⨬,   ⭮     .
 ᫥   ஢ન :

                         -15-38-

     ls -R /usr/lib/terminfo | more

     롥   ᯨ᪠, ᮮ⢥騥 ᫮  ,
饬  ਭ. ਬ,  495 
ਭ AT&T495. ⠩ ᯮ짮     
㣮 , ਢ .

                         -15-39-

          ⨯ ਭ, ஥  ⠥
४, ⠭   㦨 ,  ᫥-
 :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-T printer-type

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Parameters
    (ਭ-->䨣-->஢)

          訡  롮

     㦨    ᯮ  ணࠬ  ᯥ祭
UUCP  ࠡ⪨ 롮 ਭ஢. ᫨ ந室 訡 
롮,    砥 ।०  ᡮ ਭ,  -
㦨 ਭ ᮮ頥  ⮩  訡,     ᮮ頥
ணࠬ ᯥ祭 UUCP   .  (᫨ 
  ।⢠ 祭 ।०  ᡮ,  㬮-
  ࠢ 짮⥫ lp).

          ⠨騥 ਭ

      ᪮쪮 稭,   ਭ 㤥 -
  ⨢஢ ﭨ, ᬮ  稥 ।
ᮢ  :
     -   㦤  䨫樨.  䨫
     믮        ࠧ  ࠭ ॣ㧪
     ⥬.  䨫樨  , ᫨ ॡ -
      䨫,   . ᯮ ᫥-
      ,  ⮡ 㡥,   騩 
     䨫:

     lpstat -o -l
     - ਭ ࠢ.  ⮬᪮  த  
     ᫥  ॣ樨 ᡮ  ந室 ࠧ.  㦨
          । ⥬,  ஡
     ᭮    ⢫ ⪨  ᯥ譮  .
         ஢      ⨢஢
     ਭ:
2     enable printername
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
       Printers-->Shedule-->Enable
       (ਭ-->஢-->⨢)

                         -15-40-

     - ࠭  ਭ     ⢥⨫,   
     ࠭ .     砥 ⮬᪮ த-
       ᫥ ᡮ 㦨    
     । ⪮ ୮ ᯮ짮 ࠭ ਭ-
     .  ᫨  ࠭ ਭ    ᯮ짮 
       ( ᨬ  稭),  㦨 
     ⥫쭮 頥   ஡.    -
        ⨢஢ ਭ:

2     enable printername

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Shedule-->Enable
    (ਭ-->஢-->⨢)

     -    "ॡ".  ᫨  ,  ࠢ騩
     ਭ஬,  㭨⮦  (⥬   ६ ਮ ࠩ
     殮 㧪  ஬),  㦨 -
          ॠ   祭 ᪮쪨 .
     ⨢஢  ਭ    ୮  ⨢஢
     ⠢  㦨  ਭ  ஢  ࠢ騩
       ୮ ⮢ .  ,  ਭ
     ⢨⥫쭮 ⠨,   - ⨢樨 ਭ-
      ⠭  ।  .  
      ,    ९⠭ .

2     disable printername
2     enable printername

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Shedule-->Enable
    (ਭ-->஢-->⨢)
     Printers-->Shedule-->Disable
    (ਭ-->஢-->⨢)

     ᫨ ,    ,  ஫   
     䨫,    ⠩  ୮  ⨢஢  ਭ;
      ⮣ ⠩ ঠ    (  
     砫 । ਭ)  ⥬  ,   -
      :

                         -15-40-

     lpstat -o -l
2     lp -i 1request-id -H hold
 2    lp -i 1request-id -H resume

ᯮ      ᫥   ।
ᮢ.

                         -15-41-

               

      ⮬  ࠧ 뢠,   ࠢ ᯮ짮
९ਭ  㦨 .  㢨,   -
:
     - ।  ,
     -   ,
     - 㤠 ,
     - ஢ ,
     - ࠭  짮⥫  ଥ,
     - ᯥ ।०  室 ஢
      ,
     - ஢ .
     । ⠫ ᬮ७    ᮢ  ᬮਬ,
 ।⠢ ᮡ ଠ  ⥪ 㦨 .

           ⠪ ଠ?

९ਭ⭠ ଠ -  㬠 ࠧ  ,  
 㧨  ਭ.  ਫ 筮  䠩,
   ᯥ⪥  ଥ   . 騬
ਬࠬ  :
     - ஢ન ,
     - ᯨ᪨,
     - ⠭樨,
     - ⨪⪨,
     -  , 
     - ᯥ樠 㬠 .
     筮 ᪮쪮     㦠  ਭ
   ⤥ ⮢,   ᫮ 㬠.
     㦨       ࠢ  ᯮ짮
९ਭ ,    ᯥ稢 ਫ - -
     .    ⢥砥 ᠬ ਫ.
㦨 , , ᫥, ,   -
  ॡ  ஢  ᯥ樠 ,     
饥 ६ ᬮ஢,    ।।   -
室 ஢  .
     筮, ᫨    ᯮ ᯥ樠   -
,   ய  ࠧ.

                          -15-42-

          । 

     ࢮ,    ᤥ     -
 ।  ࠪ⨪.  ⪨ ᯨ᮪, -
騩 㦨   ,   ࠡ  ମ 
ᮮ騩 㦨 ,    樠஢  ਭ
  ࠢ쭮  .   室  ᫥饥 
ଥ:

 ࠭         ࠭  -
                   筮 ଥ.      ࠦ  
                   ᫮  ப   ࠧ    ᠭ-
                   .
ਭ ࠭    ਭ ,  ࠦ  , 
                    ᠭ⨬
᫮ ࠭      ᫮ ࠭  ࠭筮 ଥ.  -
                   㦨  LP ᯮ   ᫮  
                   䨫஬ (᫨ 㯥)  ࠭祭 -
                   ࠧ ࠢ      ࠧ-
                   ). ᫨ 㣮 䨫  㯥  -
                    ࠧ ࠢ,   㦨
                    LP ய᪠  蠣.
 ப           ⤥ ப  ᯮ 
                   ଥ.  ࠦ     ப  ,
                     ப  ᠭ⨬.
 ᨬ          ⤥ ᨬ ᯮ 
                   ଥ.   ࠦ   ᨬ  
                      ᨬ  ᠭ⨬.
롮         ᨬ, 騩 堭  -
ᨬ            ,    ᯮ짮-
                   ,   ᯮ  ଠ. 짮-
                   ⥫      ࠧ  ᨬ
                     , ᯮ  , 
                     짮⥫   ᯮ짮-
                    ⮫쪮   ᨬ.
⮢      ᫨ ଠ  ᥣ      -
                   짮 । 梥⮢ , 
                   㦨    , -
                    梥 ᯮ짮  ஢  -
                   .

                         -15-43-

਩         ਩,    ᯮ-
                     .  ਩ 
                   㢨,   ଠ ᯮ,  
                   ᫥ ᯮ짮  ⠪ .
ࠧ ࠢ  ࠧ,   ᯮ 㦨-
                             
                     .    ஢   
                     ஢  ࠧ,  ⮡  㡥,
                         뤠    ப
                     ࠢ쭮.

ਬ砭
  㦨   ⠥  ᪨஢ "⢨⥫"
  ଠ   ࠧ ࠢ.᫨    
  "⢨⥫" ଠ  ଠ ࠧ -  祭 -
  ⥭ 砩,   ࠢ ஢ન, ਬ - 
   ᫥ ᪨஢ ᮮ⢥騥  . 㦨
   ࠭ ࠧ ࠢ,    ᭮
  ,   ⮫쪮  (  짮⥫ lp  㯥௮짮-
  ⥫ root)   .

        ᮡࠥ   ଠ  ଥ,    
 室  lpforms(ADM).    ᭠砫 -
஢    ଠ  襬 ᮡ⢥ 䠩,  ⮡
 ।஢ ଠ樨   .    -
  䠩  室.       ।-
⠢ ଠ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     Page length: scaled-number
     Page width: scaled-number
     Number of pages: integer
     Line pitch: scaled-number
     Character pitch: scaled-number
     Character set choice: character-set-name, mandatory
     Ribbon color: ribbon color
     Comment: comment
     Alignment pattern: alignment-pattern

1 -  ࠭: ⠡஢ ;
2 - ਭ ࠭: ⠡஢ ;
3 - ᫮ ࠭ : 楫;

                         -15-43-

4 - 蠣 ப: ⠡஢ ;
5 - 蠣 ᨬ: ⠡஢ ;
6 - 롮  ᨬ:   ᨬ, ;
7 - 梥⮢ : 梥⮢ ;
8 - ਩: ਩;
9 - ࠧ ࠢ: ࠧ ࠢ.

     ஬ ࠧ  ࠢ  ଠ   
 浪 (comment  ᫥    Comment:    
ப ). alignment-pattern   ᫥ ਢ-
 ଠ樥. ᫨ comment  ᮤঠ ப, 稭-
    祢 ࠧ ( ࠭, ਭ ࠭
 ⠪ ),    ।⢮ ᨬ ">", -
騩  祢 ࠧ.   砥,    砫 ᨬ
">" ⤥    ⮡ࠦ.

                         -15-44-

       ଠ  ਢ. ய饭 ଠ-
樨  ᫥騥 祭  㬮砭:

                                        15.4
                  㬮砭

                    㬮砭
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ࠭                 66 ப
ਭ ࠭                80 
᫮ ࠭                  1
 ப                     6
 ᨬ                    10
롮  ᨬ          
⮢                  
਩                    (  㬮砭)
ࠧ ࠢ           (  㬮砭)

     ᯮ   ᫥   । .
2     /usr/lib/lpforms -f 1form-name 2-F file-name
     /usr/lib/lpforms -f form-name -
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->PPforms-->Configure
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->-->䨣)
     ᯥ稢    ,  㪠. ࢠ -
 砥 ।   䠩,   -
砥 ।    १ ⠭  . Formname
  祬- ࠭    14 㪢,   ᨬ-
 ન.
     ᫨   室        
 .   㦭 ⮫쪮   ଠ,  -
ଠ,   ய᪠, ⠥ .

      

     㦨       䨪஢  । 
᫮ ,    ।.  襩  -
 㤠 ,   㦭 ,  ࠭ 䫨⮢
짮⥫,    ⨢ 砥 ਤ  ᬠ-
  ᯨ᮪ ५ ,    ४
,  ࠭ ⥫쭮 ࠡ⪨ 㦨 -
,    砩      믮-
  । .

                         -15-45-

     ᯮ ᫥   㤠 :

2     /usr/lib/lpforms -f 1form-name -x

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->PPforms-->Remove
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->-->)

          ࠭祭 㯠 짮⥫

       ࠭ ᯮ짮  冷 짮-
 .     ᤥ ,  ਬ, 
"⢨⥫" ,  ⠪  ⠭樨,    -
짮 ⮫쪮 쬨  ⤥ ⥦ ⥩  
⤥ ⥦  ⠬.
     㦨  ᯮ ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫, -
饭   饭  ,   ࠭祭 ᯮ짮-
 . 㦨  ⢥࣠  짮⥫ 
 䠩  ମ,       ࠧ襭 ᯮ-
.
     ⮤ ᫥ 짮⥫,   ࠧ襭  
ࠧ襭   ଥ,  祭 ⮤,  ᯮ㥬 
᫥ 짮⥫,   ࠧ襭  饭 -
  ।⢠ cron  at.  ࠧ "ਧ ᯮ-
  ஢ ﬨ"   "ᯥ祭 -
᭮ ⥬"  㪮⢠.  ᫥騥 ࠢ:
     - ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭 ᮤন 짮⥫,  ࠧ-
     襭 ᯮ짮 .  ᮪ ⪠ ᮤন 짮-
     ⥫,  饭   ଥ.
     - ᫨ ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭  ,   ᯨ᮪ ⪠ -
     . ᫨ ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭 , ᯮ ᯨ᮪
     ⪠. ᫨  ᯨ᪠ ,   ࠭祭
      ,  ᯮ .
     - 饭 any  all  ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭  -
       ᯮ짮  .  饭 any  all  ᯨ᮪
     ⪠ ⢥࣠   ᪫祭 짮⥫  lp 
     㯥௮짮⥫  root.
       ।,    ᯮ짮  ,  -
 ᫥騥 :

2     /usr/lib/lpforms -f 1formname2 -u allow:user-list

                         -15-45-

2     /usr/lib/lpforms -f 1formname 2-u deny:user-list

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->PPforms-->Users
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->-->짮⥫)

user-list -  ᯨ᮪  짮⥫,  ࠧ ⮩
 ஡.  ᫨  ᯮ ஡  ࠧ ,
   ᯨ᮪ ( allow:   deny:,    -u) 
窨.  ࢠ     ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭  
㤠   ᯨ᪠ ⪠.      
ᯨ᮪ ⪠  㤠   ᯨ᪠ ࠧ襭. ᯮ짮

                         -15-46-

allow: all ᪠ ,  ᯮ짮 deny:  all ⪠뢠
ᥬ. ᫨     짮⥫  ᯨ᪨ ࠧ-
襭  ⪠,   㦨    ।,  
  ᯮ짮 .

          ।०  ஢ 

     ᫨  ।  , 祬 ਭ஢,  祢
   䠩   ଠ ६.  -
砥,      㤥ন  ।
 ஢ 室 .   ਮ᪨ ᫥-
 ᫮ ᮢ ,  ன ,  -
  ।⠢   .
        ।०,   ᫮ ᮢ,
 , ॢ蠥  ண.
             ᪮쪨 ᯮᮡ 祭
।०:
     -     ।०  ஭ .
      ᠭ  mail   "".
     -    ।०, 뤠  --
      ନ,   ஬  祭.   ᠭ
      write  ⠢.
     -    ।० १ ࠭  ண-
     ࠬ.
     -     ।०.

ਬ砭
  ᫨   ࠫ   ।०,    ⢥砥
   ஢ ⮣,   㢨, ᫨    -
   - ⮣,  㦭 ଠ  ᬮ஢.

          ⮤ ।०   ⠪ -
 ᫮ ᮢ,    ⠢  ।  ।
뤠祩 ।०,      ।०-
  ᪮쪮   ஢ .    
  ᪮  ७ ।०   
祭 ⮫쪮  ।०  .

                         -15-47-

          ।०    室
஢     ᫥ :

2/usr/lib/lpforms -f 1form-name 2-A mail -Q 1integer 2-W minutes
2/usr/lib/lpforms -f 1form-name 2-A write -Q 1integer 2-W minutes
2/usr/lib/lpforms -f 1form-name 2-A 1'command' 2-Q 1integer 2-W minutes
2/usr/lib/lpforms -f 1form-name -A none

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->PPforms-->Alerts-->Scecify
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->-->।०-->
     )

        ⠢ 㦨  뫠
 ⮢ ᮮ饭   ᮮ饭 אַ   ନ,
ᮮ⢥⢥,   ।०.   -
ࠢ 㦨   믮 command () 
  ।०.  ⨢  ।  窨    
쥩  ࠭  ⠭    믮
command (),  砥 ६ ।, 䨪-
 짮⥫  㯯  ⥪饥 .
     ⢥  頥 㦨   뫠
 ।०  砥 室  ஢  .
integer  (楫 -  ᫮ ᮢ,   室 
,   minutes ( ) -  ᫮   -
 ।०ﬨ.

ਬ砭
  ᫨   ᯥ 뫪    뤠 ᮮ饭
  㣮    ᡮ ਭ,  ᫥ -
  짮   ᫥ .  ᯮ  -
   2-A 'mail username' -A 'write username'.

     ᫥ ⮣,     砫  騥 ।-
०,     㦨  ⠭ -
뫪 ।० 뤠祩 ᫥饩 :

2         /usr/lib/lpforms -f 1formname -A quiet

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->PPforms-->Alerts-->Terminate
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->-->।०-->
     )

                         -15-47-

     ᫥ ⮣,    ଠ ஢  ࠧ஢ ᭮
।० 稭 ᭮, ᫨  ᫨誮  -
ᮢ.  ।० ⠪ , ᫨ ᫮  -
ᮢ   ண -Q     ண -Q  ᭮-
,    騥    ⬥  ᫨  ⨯
।०.

                         -15-48-

     ᫨ formname  祭 all    , ਢ-
  ,   ᫮ ।० ⭮  ᥬ -
.  ᫨   । ⮤ ।०  ,  
   ।०  .  ᫨  । ⮤,
    -W,   㤥  ।०
  樨.

          ஢ 

        ࠧ  "஢   饣
堭" ࠧ ࠭   .

           ஢ઠ 

       ஢ ।      
㦨 .      ᨬ  -
塞 ଠ樨.    lpforms  ⮡ࠦ  ।
.  ⮡ࠦ  室  ୮ ,  ⮬ 
 ࠭ 室  䠩  ᫥  뫮. 
lpstat ⮡ࠦ ⥪饥 ﭨ .
     ᯮ   ᫥   ஢ન  ।-
 :

2         /usr/lib/lpforms -f 1formname -l
2         /usr/lib/lpforms -f 1formname 2-l>filename
2         lpstat -f formname
         lpstat -f formname -l

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->PPforms-->List
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->-->᮪)

        ।⠢ ।  , 
  ࠭  ।  䠩,    
ᯮ짮  ८। , ᫨  砩 㤠-
   㦨 . ᫥   ।-
⠢  ,  ᫥     -
室,  筮 室 lpforms -l. 室 룫廊 ᫥騬
ࠧ:

                         -15-48-

+--------------------------------------------------
|    Page length:1scaled-number
|    Page width: scaled-number
|    Number of pages: integer
|    Line pitch: scaled-number
|    Character pitch: scaled-number
|    Character set choice: character-set, mandatory
|    Ribbon color: ribbon-color
|    Comment: comment
|    Alignment pattern: content-type content

1 -  ࠭: ⠡஢ ;
2 - ਭ ࠭: ⠡஢ ;
3 - ᫮ ࠭ : 楫;
4 - 蠣 ப: ⠡஢ ;
5 - 蠣 ᨬ: ⠡஢ ;
6 - 롮  ᨬ:  ᨬ, ;
7 - 梥⮢ : 梥⮢ ;
8 - ਩: ਩;
9 - ࠧ ࠢ: ⨯ ᮤন ᮤন.

                         -15-49-

     " ࠧ  ࠢ"    뢠,  ᫨  
lpstat ᯮ   ⥭樠쭮 ⢨⥫쭮 -
ন.

                         -15-50-

          

       ࠧ 뢠,     ࠢ -
짮 䨫஢ 㦨 .  :
     - ।  䨫,
     -  䨫,
     - 㤠 䨫, 
     - ஢ 䨫.
      "ன 㦨 "    -
 뢠,    䨫. 砫 ᬮਬ,  ⠪
䨫   㦨    ᯮ짮.

           ⠪ 䨫?

      ࠥ  易 ஫:
   -  ८ࠧ 䠩 짮⥫  ⮪  ,  
     ४⭮ ⠥   ਭ.
   -  ࠡ뢠 ࠧ ० ,  짮-
     ⥫      -y  lp,  ⠪
      ஭ ,  ५䭠 ,  -
         ᮪ ⢮ ᨬ  ⠪ .
   -  ॣ ᡮ ਭ   ନ  㦨
     ਭ,  ਭ  뤠 ।०饥 ᮮ-
     .
       䨫 믮   ஫.    ᫮-
 ᯥ筮 த ਭ    ஫ 㦨
 ஥஢,  ⮡  ஫ ࠧ﫨 ⠪,  ⮡
,  ந⥫ ਭ,   㣮 筨  ᯥ-
  䨫   㦨 .
     ᯥ祭 䨫  㬮砭   㦨    
ᯥ祭 ⮩ ॣ樨 ᡮ ਭ;    ८-
 䠩    ࠡ뢠 ᯥ樠 ०.  
 ⭮ 訬 ॡ.
     ᬮਬ   ஫  ஡.

                         -15-51-

८ࠧ 䠩

     㦨      ਭ-
,  塞  ⥬,    짮⥫ 
  䠩,  ।祭  .  ଠ
ᯮ    ਢ   ᮮ⢥⢨ 䠩  ਭ,
  訬 ᯮᮡ ந  䠩. ᪮
 ਫ  ஢   ࠧ ਭ-
஢  ⮣ 뢠 筮. ,   ਫ,
  ᯮ,  ஢ 室,  ࠡ-
⠥   ਭ.
     ।   ᮧ 䨫,  ८ࠧ騩 ⠪ 室 
⨯,   ਭ  ࠡ뢠,   
ᯥ稢  ਫ 㦨 .  ᯥ-
 让   䨫஢, ८ࠧ 室 
ਫ,   nroff  ⮪ , ⠥ -
४⭮ 묨 ਭࠬ.
⥫쭮    RS-232   ᤥ  㯭 
⨯ 室,     ਭ  ⨯ 室,  
    ந.   㦨 ਭ  
 ᫮  ⪥ ⠭ ᮮ⢥⢨ 䠩 짮-
⥫  ਭ. ᫨ אַ ᮮ⢥⢨  㦨, 
  ⠡ 䨫஢  宦 䨫,  ८-
饣 ⨯ 䨫  ⨯ ਭ.  ᪮쪮 ਬ஢.

ਬ 1
     짮⥫  믮 ணࠬ ࠡ    㯭-
묨  ⠡栬   ᣥ஢  䠩 ⠡.  
    䠩,  ᯮ 㦨  .
  ᯮ  ⥬ ⮫쪮 ਭ஬  455 AT&T.  
 ਫ, ࠡ饥  ⠡栬, ,  -
஢ 室  ᪮쪨 ਭ஢,   ,  -
    䠩  AT&T455.     뫠
䠩  ,  㦨  ⠢   ।  -
  ਭ஢; 䨫  㦥.

ਬ 2
     짮⥫    믮   ணࠬ  ࠡ⪨  ᫮
nroff  祭  讣 㬥.  ணࠬ  nroff
⠪  ,   ஢ 室  ᪮쪨 ਭ-
஢,      ᣥ஢ 室 ⨯    㬮砭
(

                         -15-51-

 ⨯  nroff35),      ந  ४⭮ 
AT&T455.    ।       䨫
450  ⠡ 䨫஢, ⬥⨢ ,  ਭ ⠭
室 nroff (  nroff35)  ⬥⨢  ,    ந
室    AT&T455  (  ⨯ 455).     
ਭ,   ⨯ 455,  㦨  ᯮ,   
  ᯮ짮  䨫 450  ८ࠧ 室 
। .

                         -15-52-

ࠡ⪠ ᯥ樠 ०

     㣮  㭪樥,    ᯥ 䨫,
  ࠡ⪠  ࠧ  ०  ,   
.   䨫,        ⠡
䨫஢,    ॣ஢,   ࠡ뢠騩 -
쪮 ᯥ⮢ .
      ᫥ :
     室 ⨯
     室 ⨯
      
      ᨬ
      ப
      ࠭
     ਭ ࠭
     ࠭  
      ᨬ
      
     ᫮ 
     
       ॡ  ࠡ⪨ 襩     -
⮢,  ⮫쪮 ०.  㦨  ।⠢ 
⠫ ࠡ  㬮砭.     
䥪⨢  ࠡ뢠  樨 䨫஬,    䨫
  ᪮쪮   ᯥ⮢,  ᫨  ࠢ쭮 -
 㣨 ஫.     ,  -
,  ࠧ ࠭  ࢠ ,  ᫨    ᮡࠥ
ࠧ ࠭  䠩  ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠭栬.
㣮 ਬ,   ਭ  ࠡ뢠 ᪮쪮
     䥪⨢,  祬  㦨  ,  ⮬
䨫,  ஫騩 ਭ,   ᯮ짮  ᪮쪮
 ଠ樨  ய᪠ ࠡ⪨  㬮砭 㦨-
   ⮩ 樨.
       㢨,    ॣ஢ ० -
  㣨 ᯥ    䨫஬.

 ᡮ ਭ

       ८ࠧ 䠩  ࠡ⪠ ᯥ樠 -
    -    ᯥ筠  ਭ 㭪,  ⠪
㭪樥   ॣ  ᡮ  ਭ.  㦨
ਭ ⠥ 믮  㭪   設⢠

                         -15-52-

ਭ஢ ४⭮ ॣ ᡮ.   ࠭稢-
 ஢મ ᠭ ( ⥫  ᨣ  ⮢-
 ਭ)  १묨 প   (  -
 ࠢ饣 ᨬ XOFF    ⪫祭  ⮪  ,
    ᮮ⢥⢨  XON  ୮ 祭 ⮪).
㦨 ਭ   ⠪ ।  稭  ᡮ,
⮬    ᮮ   .
     ࠢ쭮 ஥஢ 䨫   ᯥ 
ࠡ  ᡮ.    ਭ  ᫠ ᮮ饭,
뢠饥 稭 訡.

                         -15-53-

     㣨 㪠뢠 ᡮ ᮬ ⥫  ⪫祭 -
⮪ .   㦨, ।⠢  ଠ-
樨  ᡮ  ॣ    .
     㣮 २⢮,  ஥   䨫, ⮨ 
  ᡮ ਭ   .   -
    䥪⨢  믮     
ᡮ, ⠪   ,   ࢠ,   -
९뢠 .  쪮 ॠ 䨫,  -
 ࠢ騥 ᫥⥫쭮, ᯮ㥬 ਭ஬,
,   䠩 ࠧ  ࠭;  ⠪ ࠧ ⮫쪮
䨫 ,  ᪮쪮 ᫥   䠩   -
४⭮ .
     㦨   ⮩  䥩,  騩
䨫    ଠ   ᡮ  ⢫ 
. 堭 ।० (ᬮ ࠧ "।०-
   ஢ "   ""   -
) ࠡ뢠 㦨 ;  䥩᭠ ணࠬ-
, ࠢ 䨫஬, ਭ  ᮮ饭  訡 
䨫  頥   ᮮ饭 ।०, ஥ 
 ᫠ .   ࠧ   ᠭ ᡮ, -
 뢮 䨫. ᫨  ⠭ 䨣 ਭ-
 ⠪,  ⮡  ⮬᪨ 﫠 ᫥ 
ᡮ,   䥩᭠ ணࠬ ࠭  䨫    ⨢
ﭨ ⠪,     ⠬,   ⠭-
.

   ணࠬ 訩 䨫?

      襭 ᯮ짮 ணࠬ,  ⠪    troff,
nroff  宦 ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ ᫮,   䨫. ,
ணࠬ troff  nroff  ।⢠, 騥 짮-
 뫠  ⥫ 䠩  室 㬥, 
뢠 includes files (祭 䠩). 㫥 LP  -
    䠩   ⠢   ।  室 㬥-
⮬.  ணࠬ troff  nroff   ਩, ⠪
     㯠  ⨬ ⥫ 䠩.  㣨
ணࠬ   宦 ।⢠,  ࠭稢騥    -
짮  ⢥ 䨫஢.
      ᫥ 㪮⢠,      -
 訩 䨫:
     - ஢  䠩,  짮⥫ 뫠 
     ,    ࠡ뢠 䨫஬. ᫨ 

                         -15-53-

      묨,        뫠  㣨
     䠩,  㦭 䨫, ⭮ 䨫   浪.  -
       ⠪,       䨫  㣨 䠩,
     ஬ ,  ᫠ 짮⥫  .

     - ᫨  뫪  䠩   䠩,  ᫠  
      , ᫨ 䨫 㦭 䠩, ⫨  , -
      ᫠ 짮⥫,    䨫  ⭮  뤠
     ᡮ, ⠪        ⥫
     䠩.   ।,     ᯮ ணࠬ
      䨫,    짮⥫ 믮 ணࠬ
     । 뫪 䠩  .

                         -15-54-
     ,    뫪,  ᥣ ᢮
      浪,   ⮫쪮, ᫨ 䨫
ᯮ   ᮢ .    ᯮ짮
 ᮢ,  祭  㤠 設    -
襩 設, 䨫    ᡮ, ᫨ 䠩,  
뫠, ᯮ ⮫쪮  㤠 設.

          । 䨫

      ᪮쪮 ᯥ⮢ 䨫,     -
।  㦨 .  ᫥ :
室 ⨯    ᯨ᮪ ⨯ 䠩,  䨫  -
               ࠡ.      䨫஢  
               ⮫쪮  室 ⨯,   㦨 
                 ࠭稢   ⨯.   ⨯
               䠩   筮 宦    䨫-
               ,     易.   ᯮ짮-
                 ,    ࠢ,  
                 ।  14 㪢,     ( -
               ન).   㦨  ᯮ-
                    ᮣᮢ 䨫  ⨯
               䠩,     ᫥⥫  ᮣ-
               襭    .  ਬ,  ᫨  
               䨫  ਭ   ᠬ  室 ⨯,
               ᯮ     .    ᫥ -
                짮⥫ ⠪,  ⮡   ,  
                 ⨯ 䠩,    뫠 䠩
                .
室 ⨯   ᯨ᮪  ⨯  䠩,   䨫 
               ந    室.      䠩
               䨫 ந ⤥ 室 ⨯,   
                    ⨯   -
               .    室 ⨯ ⠪ ࠭祭 14
               㪢,  ࠬ  .     
               ᮮ⢥⢮ ⨯ ਭ஢,   -
               襩 ⥬,   ᮮ⢥⢮ 室
               ⨯,  ࠡ뢠 㣨 䨫ࠬ. -
                 ᮡࠥ 䨫    -
                窨  祭  䨫, ᫨
               ।,   室 ᪮쪮 室
               ࠧ묨  䨫ࠬ   ८ࠧ 䠩.
               ⭮,   室 

                         -15-54-

               ஢ ᫮,  㦨 
               ᪠ . ⠩   䨫஢,
                  室 ⨯  㣨 䠩,
                짮⥫   ᯥ 
                ८ࠧ  䠩 אַ  ⨯,
                 ࠡ  ਭ.

                         -15-55-

 ਭ஢  ᯨ᮪ ⨯ ਭ஢,   䨫 -
                ८ࠧ 䠩.     ६,    
               設⢠  䨫஢   ᯨ᮪ 祭 -
               室 ⨯,    ࠧ. ਬ,
                   ਭ,    ⤥-
                ⨯  楫 樠樨 (ᬮ ࠧ
               "ਭ"   "⠭ ਭ" 
                ),        ᯮ
               ᪮쪮 ࠧ ⨯ 䠩.  魮 
               ਭ  ७  䨫, ८ࠧ騩
               ࠧ ⨯  ,      
               易.   ࠧ 䨫  ந
                 ᪮쪨 室 ⨯,  ᮮ-
                "⨯ 䠩",  ࠡ뢠 ਭ-
               ஬.    ⬥祭  ࠡ騩 
               ⨯ ਭ.   ⢥ 㣮 ਭ  
                  ࠧ  ਭ஢, -
                ᫥,   ਭ騥    
               ⨯  䠩.    - 讣 ࠧ
                ந⢥,    ਭ  ⫨砥  
               ந  १⠬.     ਭ,
                騥 ࠧ ⨯,  ᪠   ,  
               -    ,    ⫨砥.    ᮧ
               䨫,   ᯮᠡ 䠩    
               ⪫, ந ਭࠬ ⨯ . 
                 䨫 室 ⮫쪮    ⨯
               ਭ,  ᫥ ᫨ ,  ࠡ-
               騩 ⮫쪮  ਭ஢ ⨯ .   襩
                 ਭ஢    䨫஢   ⠢
                 । 䨫 ⮩.
ਭ              ਭ,  ,
                  ४ ⨯  䨫  㣨
                   室,   ந-
                䨫.  ਬ,    -
                   ਭ   ன ।;  
                ਭ 뫠  ⮫쪮  䠩,  
                 ਭ  ࠡ뢠  䨫樨.
               㣨 ਭ 筮 ⨯    砥
               䠩,    㦭  䨫 ।
               .    䨫  ࠡ騩 ⮫쪮
                ᫥ ਭࠬ.

                         -15-55-

                設⢥ 砥 䨫  
                ࠡ  ᥬ ਭࠬ, 
               ਭ 室, ந 䨫஬, ⮬
                 ⠢   । 䨫
               ⮩.
 䨫    㦨  ᯮ  䨫 
                䨫.   䨫  fast
                ⮬,       -
               室  ⮢ 䠩  , 

                         -15-56-

               ⮬,        ਭ,
                 믮.  ,    -
               ஢ ᡮ ਭ,    
               ਭ஬.    䨫    אַ
               ⨢.  ,  騥 訥
                室  ⮢ 䠩   -
               騥   ਭ,     -
               .  㦨  믮 
               䨫  䮭  ਢ離  ਭ.  -
                뫠 । 䠩,  ॡ騥 -
               ன 䨫樨 (  䨫樨), ਭ 
               ⠨,      䨫 ࠡ⠥ 
               䠩, ᫨  㣨 䠩.
             믮  ணࠬ.  
               䨫. ᫨   䨪஢ -
               ,   室 ணࠬ,   
                 .
    ,   㦭  ணࠬ  䨫,
               騥  ࠧ ०  㣨 ᯥ⮢
               ,     ॣ஢ 
               䨫.  㦤 ஡ .
     ᫥ ⮣,    ᮡࠫ  ଠ   䨫,  
 ᯮ짮   室   sysadmsh -
 lpfilter(ADM). ( ⮬ ࠧ  㦤 ப 
lpfilter).     ᭠砫 ॣ஢  -
ଠ  襬 ᮡ⢥ 䠩  祭  ।஢-
  ଠ樨   .     । 䠩 
.      ᫥ ।⠢ ଠ ᫥-
騬 ࠧ:

     Input types: input-types-list
     Output types: output-types-list
     printer types: printer-type-list
     Printers: printers-list
     Filter type: fast or slow
     Command: command
     Options: template-list
1 - 室 ⨯: 室-⨯-ᯨ᮪;
2 - 室 ⨯: 室-⨯-ᯨ᮪;
3 - ⨯ ਭ: ਭ-⨯-ᯨ᮪;
4 - ਭ: ਭ-ᯨ᮪;
5 - ⨯ 䨫:   ;

                         -15-56-

6 - :  ;
7 - : 蠡-ᯨ᮪.

     ଠ     浪.    -
  ਢ.   15.5  ᮤন  祭  
㬮砭, ᯮ㥬   ய饭 ଠ樨.

                         -15-57-

                                            15.5
           䨫  㬮砭
                 㬮砭
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 室 ⨯           
 室 ⨯          
 ⨯ ਭ          
 ਭ               
 ⨯ 䨫            
                 ( 㬮砭)
             ()

            祭    㬮砭 ।
祭  䨫,  ⠪   ⭮  ᯥ  
ࠩ    室  室 ⨯ (⨯).    
ᯨ᮪, ࠧ   ᯨ᪥ ஡  묨.



      ଠ ᭥, ஬ template-list (蠡-ᯨ-
᮪).  ᫥ ଠ  ⮬,  ॣ ०
 ᯥ .
     -ᯨ᮪ -  ᯨ᮪ 蠡, ࠧ 묨,
  ᫥騩 :

     keyword pattern = replacement

keyword (祢 ᫮)      ᫥  
᫥饩 ⠡.   蠡,  ॣ騩 ⤥-
 ࠪ⨪ .  pattern (ࠧ) -   -
  ࠪ⨪,    窠 (*),    
୮    祭.

                         -15-58-

                                     15.6
          祢 ᫮ 蠡
ࠪ⨪      祢 ᫮    ࠧ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ᮤন     INPUT            1ᮤন-⨯     0
(室)
 ᮤন     OUTPUT           1ᮤন-⨯     0
(室)
 ਭ        TERM             1ਭ-⨯        0
 ᨬ         CPI              1楫              0
 ࠭      LENGTH           1楫              0
ਭ ࠭     WIDTH            楫
࠭   PAGES            ࠭-ᯨ᮪
 ᨬ      CHARSET          ᨬ-
            FORM             ଠ-
᫮          COPIES           楫
              MODES            ०

      筨 祭   蠡 :
     - 祭 蠡 INPUT  OUTPUT । ⨯ 䠩-
     ,    ८ࠧ뢠 䨫஬   室
     ⨯,   ନ஢ ᮮ⢥⢥. 
       㤥  ⨯, ॣ஢  䨫஬.
     - 祭 蠡 TERM  ⨯ ਭ.
     - 祭  蠡 CPI, LPI, LEHGTH  WIDTH ।-
      ᮬ 짮⥫, ᯮ㥬 ମ  -
     ﬨ  㬮砭  ਭ.
     - 祭  蠡 PAGES  ᯨ᮪ ࠭, -
       .  筮 -   ᯨ᮪  
     ࠭,   ᥫ,  ⤥쭮 ᫮,  -
      ࠧ ⮩ (ਬ 1-5, 6, 7  8). -
      祭,     -   
     । .
     - 祭  蠡 CHARSET -   ᯮ㥬 
     ᨬ.
     - 祭    蠡  FORM -   ⠥ ,
     ᫨  .
     - 祭 蠡 COPIES -  ᫮  䠩, ஥
       ᤥ. ᫨ 䨫 ᯮ  蠡,

                         -15-59-

     㦨   㬥蠥  ᫮    䨫㥬
     䠩,  ஥   ⠥  1,  ⠪   "⤥쭠
     "  ⢨⥫쭮  ⢮ ,  -
      䨫஬.
     - 祭 蠡 MODES ।  -y  -
      lp, ,  짮⥫ ᯮ  -
     ।  .    짮⥫   
     ᪮쪮 ⥩ -y,   蠡 MODES  
     ᪮쪮 ⥩.  祭 ᯮ    浪
     ᫥ ࠢ,  짮⥫.
      뢠,  祭 蠡   ண-
ࠬ-䨫.    筮  ࠫ쭠    
 㫥 (*), 祭, ⮡ ,  ᢠ-
 祭. ᪮쪮 ਬ஢ 뢠,   ࠡ-
.

ਬ 1
     ணࠬ 䨫 뢠 /usr/bin/npf.  ணࠬ 
 室 ⨯ nroff37  X, ந 室 ⨯, 뢠-
   ࠡ⠥   ਭ஬ ⨯ . ணࠬ ਭ-
  : -Xb 쪮  室 ⨯  -l 楫 
 室 ࠭. -w 楫  ਭ 室 ࠭.

     । 䨫 룫廊 ⠪:

     Input types: nroff37  X
     Output types: 
     printer types: 
     Command: /usr/bin/npf
     Options: INPUT X = -Xb, LENGTH * = -l*,
     WIDTH * = -w*

1 - 室 ⨯;
2 - 室 ⨯;
3 - ⨯ ਭ;
4 - ;
5 - .

     짮⥫ 뫠 䠩  ⨯  nroff37    訢,
⮡  ⠫ ਭ஬   lp1 ⨯   訢
 ࠭ 72:

                         -15-59-

     lp -T nroff37 -d lp1 -o length=72

      䨫 뢠 㦨   ८ࠧ-
 䠩.  뢠 :

     /usr/bin/npf -l72

                         -15-60-

ਬ 2

     㣮 짮⥫ 뫠 䠩 ⨯ ,    
    ⮬    ਭ  祭ﬨ   ਭ,
ਭ묨  㬮砭.  뢠 :

     /usr/bin/npf -Xb

ਬ 3

     ணࠬ 䨫 뢠 /usr/bin/9700.   
室 ⨯,  troff, ந 室 ⨯, 뢠 9700 
㤥 ࠡ   ਭ஬ ⨯ 9700. ணࠬ  -
  䨪஢  -ib  ਭ 㣨 -
:

     -l  integer    室 ࠭
     -s  name       ᨬ
     -o portrait  
     -o landscape  "⭮"  "५䭮" ਥ樨
                  㬠.

      訫,   訬 짮⥫ 㦭  ⮫쪮 ᮪-
饭  port   land ,  訢 ਥ 㬠.
       ᢮⢥  㦨  ,
짮⥫   ᯮ  -y  lp.
     । 䨫 룫廊 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     Input types: troff
     Output types: 9700
     rinter types: 9700
     Command: /usr/bin/x9700 -ib
     Options: LENGTH * = -l *, CHARSET * = -s *,
              MODES port = -o portrait, MODES land
              = -o landscape

1 - 室 ⨯;
2 - 室 ⨯;
3 - ⨯ ਭ;
4 - ;
5 - .

                         -15-60-

(᫥ ப ࠧ   ப  祭 -
 ⮣ 㬥.    ,  ⤥쭠 -
).
     짮⥫ 뫠 䠩 ⨯ troff     ਭ-
  ⨯  9700  訢 ५ ਥ,  ᯮ
᪨  ᨬ:

     lp -T troff -S gothic -y land

      䨫 뢠 㦨   ८ࠧ-
 䠩 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

                         -15-61-

     /usr/bin/x9700 -ib -S gothic -o landscape

ਬ砭
  ᫨ ࠧ  饭       
  ࠢ⢠  (=),  ⬥  ᯥ樠 祭,  ⠢
  ।    .  ⭠    ।
  ⨬   ᨬ 㤠,   ᯮ ࠧ
   饭. ( 㣨    ).

 䨫

      ᫥ 襭 । 䨫 ᯮ   
᫥      ⥬:

2     /usr/lib/lpfilter -f 1filtername 2-F filename
2     /usr/lib/lpfilter -f 1filtername -

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->Filter-->Change
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫쭮-->-->)

     ࢠ  砥 । 䨫    䠩,  
   砥 । 䨫   १ ⠭-
 室.  filtername     롮   
14 㪢,   ᨬ ન.
     ᫨  㦭  䨫,        
.  室    ଠ. ⠫-
 ଠ ⠥ .

           䨫

     㦨      䨪஢  ।  
᫮  䨫஢,  ஥     ।.   
 㤠 㦭  䨫    ࠭  -
⥫쭮  ࠡ⪨ 㦨 ,  ஥  ஢-
  䨫  宦 ,  ࠡ⠥  -
 樨.
     ᯮ ᫥   㤠 䨫:
2     /usr/lib/lpfilter -f 1filtername -
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->Filter-->Remove
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫쭮-->-->)

                         -15-62-

          ஢ઠ 䨫

       ஢ । 䨫  ᫥  
  㦨 .   lpfilter ⮡ࠦ ।-
 䨫  ଥ,  㤮  ,  ⠪     
࠭ 室  䠩  ᫥ 뫮.
       ᯮ짮   ᫥     -
ન । 䨫:

2     /usr/lib/lpfilter -f 1filtername -l
2     /usr/lib/lpfilter -f 1filtername 2-l>filename

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->Filter-->List
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫쭮-->-->᮪)

     ࢠ  ।⠢ । 䨫   襬
࠭.   䨪  ।  䠩, -
   ᯮ짮   ८।  䨫,
᫨  砩 㤠 䨫  㦨 .

          ।०

     ,   㤠 䨫஢  ਢ
 ⬥   । ᮢ .   ந室 -
⮬,    㦨  業   ,
 騩  ।, ⮡ 㢨,      থ
 䨫.  ,      -
⮣,  䨫 㤠  , ⬥ ( 뫪 -
饭 짮⥫,    ᫠).  ⠪ -
 প  ⢥        ,
  䨫   -  ࠪ⨪,  
  業    ,  饣 
।.   প   ⨬, ᫨  -
讥 ᫮ ᮢ, 㦤  䨫樨.
     - ⮣   ﭨ    ᤥ
  䨫  ६ ਮ,  㦨 -
  ᯮ ⥭ᨢ.

                         -15-62-

          ⪠ ୠ ᮢ

      /usr/spool/lp/temp  /usr/spool/lp/requests -
ঠ 䠩,  뢠  ,   -
 㦨  LP.       䠩  
   ,   ᮤঠ ଠ  -
. ଠ ࠧ  饭  ⢨⥫쭮 -
ଠ樨   /usr/spool/lp/requests,   

                         -15-63-

⠢ ᥪ⭮.   饭  , ஬ -
⥫  ᫠ ,   ६  䠩 /usr/spool/
lp/requests 饭   뫠饣 짮⥫.
      䠩    ⮫쪮    -
   ।.  ᫥ 襭  ଠ  䠩
ꥤ     䠩 /usr/spool/lp/logs/requests.
 䠩  㤠 㦨  LP,   ਮ-
᪨ , ᯮ, ਬ, ।⢮ cron. 
ᠭ  crontab   "ᯮ짮  -
 ﬨ: at, cron, batch"  㬥.
      crontab,  ਭ   㬮砭  ।
⥬ 㦨  LP,  :

     13 3 * * * cd /usr/spool/lp/logs; if [ -f
     requests ]; then /bin/mv requests xyzzy; /bin/cp
     xyzzy requests; >xyzzy; /usr/lbin/agefile -c2
     requests; /bin/mv xyzzy requests; fi

     (   ப  crontab,    ࠧ   -
쪮 ப  祭 ⥭).  ᫨ ⪮,   -
   ᫥饥:  ᮧ  䠩,   
requests1  뫠  ०   requests2.  ᫮ 2
  -. ணࠬ agefile 訢 ࠭  䠩-
 ୠ ଠ樨  । ,  뢠  
 ଠ  䠩 ୠ.   ᫮,  -
  ࠭塞 ଠ.   㣮 ஭,  ᫨ 
 ࠭ ଠ    뢠 䠩 -
,  祬 ࠧ  ,   ६,   crontab -
    ᥫ. 騥 祭 13  3
ਢ  ⮬,   ந室    3:13.
     ।⠢塞  㬮砭  crontab 祭 
࠭  ᥩ ᮢ     䠩-
 ⥬ .    ᪮業஢ -
ଠ  ୠ   祭   ᯮ짮-
  㦨    LP        㥬
 ଠ.       ࠧ  楤,
஢騥  䠩    騥  ଠ  । 楤ன
.
     ୠ ᮢ   ,   -
祭       窨  UNIX.  
  浪,  ஬  ⠫  ࠧ

                         -15-63-

ப,   ᢠ    䨪.  
ப   ࠧ ⬥砥 ⤥쭮 㪢, -
   ଠ樨,  ᮤঠ饩  ப. -
 㪢 ⤥    ஡.  ᫥-
 ⠡  祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨.

                         -15-64-

                                       15.7

                ୠ ᮢ

         ন ப
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

=          ப ࠧ⥫, ᮤঠ 䨪 -
          , 䨪 짮⥫  㯯 짮-
          ,  ᫮ ⮢  ࢮ砫 (䨫-
          ) 䠩  ६ ⠭    ।.
              ࠧ 묨  ᯮ 
          浪 . 䨪 짮⥫, -
          䨪  㯯    ࠧ  । ᮡ ᫮
          uid, gid  size ᮮ⢥⢥.
         ᫮ ⠥ 
D         祭 ਭ    ᫮ any
F          ⠥ 䠩. ப   
          ⠥ 䠩,   䠩    ਢ
          浪.
f          ᯮ㥬 
H          ᯮ㥬 ᯥ樠쭮 ࠡ⪨,  ஢-
           (resume,  hold,immediate).  ⢥ 
          祭, 饥  ⮩ ப -  immediate.
N          ।०,  ᯮ㥬  ᯥ譮 -
          襭  .  -  㪢 , ᫨ 짮-
          ⥫  饭 ⮩   W,  ᫨  짮⥫
           饭 ᮮ饭  ନ
          -
         ਮ  
p         ᮪ ⠥ ࠭
r          㪢 ப ।⠢, ᫨ 짮-
          ⥫ ᨫ ࢨ ࠡ 䠩 (
          -r  lp)
S         ᯮ㥬  ᨬ  堭 
s         室 ,    ⤥ ⮢, -
            ⭠筮 ଥ.      ६,  
          ᪮쪮 ⮢ ᯮ ७ 㫥஬, -
             ᫥ :  00004 
          䨫 訫 ᯥ譮 00010  -
           ᯥ譮 00040  ⬥ 00100    
          ᬮ 믮 䨫  

                         -15-65-

T         , 饭  ࠭ 
t          ᮤন, 㦥  䠩 (䠩)
U          짮⥫,  ᫠  
x          䨫, ᯮ㥬  
Y         ᮪ ᯥ樠 ०  䨫஢, ᯮ㥬
            
y          䨫, ᯮ㥬  
z         ਭ, ᯮ㥬  .    ࠧ稥
            祭  (ப D),  ᫨  ⠢ 
          ।   ਭ    ਭ஢ 
          ᫨    ᫠  㣮 祭 -
          ஬ 㦨 

                         -15-66-

            

      㦨    ⠥  筮 
 ࠡ⪨ 襩  ॡ⥩  ਭ஢    ,
    .    㯨 ਭ,  
 ᮮ⢥ ᯮᮡ,  㦨  ࠡ-
뢠 ਭ,     ॡ , 
 ᮮ⢥ 㦨 .
       ந 㦨  ᪮쪨 ᯮ-
.   ࠧ ᪠뢠,   :
     - ந ࠪ⨪  ਭ,
     - ந   terminfo,
     -  䥩 ணࠬ, 
     -  䨫.

     ࠬ  㭪 15-1   ࠡ⪨  -
:

. 15-1   LP   ୮ 䠩 lp -d
1 -  lp;
2 - 䨣 㦨 ;
3 - 㦨  ( );
4 - 롮  䨫;
5 - ࠭஢ ;
6 - 樠 ਭ;
7 -   terminfo;
8 - ⠭⭠ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ;
9 - 䨫  㬮砭;
10 - 롮  䨫;
11 -  ਭ;
12 - ;

                         -15-66-

13 - 㭨樮 ;
14 - ࠢ ᠬ UNIX;
15 - ࠢ ᠬ UNIX (ୠ⨢);
16 -   ;
17 -  UNIX;
18 - ᪮ 䠩.

                         -15-67-

        뫠  , 
᫥  .   ᮧ,    ᪠
㦨   LP.  ⥬  UNIX ⢥砥 ⠪
 ᫥ ﭨ ਭ஢   䨫஢; 
ਭ 蠥  짮⥫᪮ 䠩,  稭-
  㣮 , ᫨  ⮨  ।.
       ந 㦨  ன  -
  ⮢,    㭪 15-1  (
஢뢠  ࠬ).
  1.  設⢠ ਭ஢    室    
     䨣 ਭ,    ᪥.  ।
     ࠧ   ,    ᤥ. -
          ਭ  䨣樨 -
      ࠪ⨪  ਭ: ᪮ ।, -
       ⠪ .
  2.  ਭ஢,      ।⠢      
     terminfo,       ,  뢠騩
      ਭ.     ᯮ  
     ࠫ ࠢ: ࠭஢ ᮢ  
     楫 㡥,  ਭ   ࠡ뢠
     㦭  ਭ஬   ⠭ ਭ ⠪,    ⮢
      .
     ਬ, ᫨   terminfo  뤠 ਭ, -
         ࠭,  襭  ਭ-
     ஬,    ⢥࣠ .  㣮 -
     ,  ᫨  뢠,    뤠 ⠪ ਭ,
         ᠬ ଠ ᯮ 䥩᭮ ண-
     ࠬ  樠樨 ਭ.
  3.   ᮡ ᫮ ਭ஢ ,  ᫨   -
      ,  ᯥ祭 ⠭ 㦨-
       LP,     ⠭ 䥩
     ணࠬ.  ணࠬ ⢥砥  ࠢ ਭ஬:
      ⠥ ࠭ ,  樠 ਭ 
     뢠 䨫  뫪  䠩  짮⥫  
     ਭ.
  4b.  ᯥ祭 裡   ਫﬨ,  ᯮ㥬
     ⥬    ਭࠬ,        
      䨫.   ⨯ 䨫    ८ࠧ
     䠩    ,  ⮡ࠦ   ᫥⥫-
     ⥩ 室  㣮,  ਬ,   ᯥ ᯥ-
     樠 ⠭,  ० , 襭-
      짮⥫.  䨫

                         -15-67-

     믮 ࠧ쭮   ⮣, ⮡  -
     প ਭ.   䨫 믮 ⠪,   
     室  אַ  ਭ,  ⠪ ࠧ   -
       ࠢ ਭ஬.

                         -15-68-

          ன ࠪ⨪  ਭ

        㢥७,  ࠪ⨪  ਭ,
⠭ 㦨 ਭ,  ᮮ⢥ ⠭
㭨樨  ਭ.  ⠭  ⠭   ਭ
।祭  ࠡ  ⨯묨  䠩  UNIX    
ਭࠬ,    ࠡ  ᥬ 䠩  ਭࠬ. 
⢨⥫쭮    蠣  ன,  ⠪    ⠭
।⢠  㦨      -
    ਭ.    蠣  -
祭  ࠡ  ਭ   㦨 ,  ⮬ 
뢠   ஡.
           ਭ,  ⠩ 㬥
 ,  ⮡ ,         ⥬
(㦨  ).   ⠩ ࠭ 㪮⢠ 
 stty(C)  㬥 User's Reference.   㬬஢
ࠧ ࠪ⨪,       ନ-
   ਭ.
     쪮  ࠪ⨪, ᫥  ࠭
㪮⢠ stty(C),   ਭ஢. ,  
  ,  ᫥   ᫥饩 ⠡ (   -
  ࠭ 㪮⢠ stty(C)  㣨 ).
     ਭ, ᮥ   ࠬ,  ਭ,
ᮥ १ ,  ॡ,  ⮡  ࠪ⨪  
ਭ ⠭ 䥩᭮ ணࠬ.   ࠪ-
⨪ । 㭨樨  ஢  ਭ஬. -
 祭 ᪮ ।, ᯮ짮 ࠢ ⮪
XON/XOFF,  7,  8  㣮 ⢮ ⮢  , ⭮,
室 ⮡ࠡ⪠.  ⠭⭠ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ -
  stty  樠樨   ਭ,  -
쭮  ⠭  ᪮ ।  㣨 ࠪ⨪
 㬮砭.
     ࠪ⨪  㬮砭,  ᯮ㥬 ⠭⭮ -
䥩᭮ ணࠬ, ᫥ .
                                15.8
                 stty  㬮砭

 㬮砭        祭
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

9600           ᪮ । 9600
cs8            8- 
-cstopb        1 ⮯   

                         -15-69-

-parenb         樨 ⭮
ixon           ࠧ襭 ࠢ ⮪ XON/XOFF
-ixany         ࠧ襭 ⮫쪮 XON   室
opost          ⮪  ⮡ࠡ⪨  ᫥ ?
-oluc           ⮡ࠦ  ᨬ  ய
onlcr          ⮡ࠦ    ப  
               ⪨/   ப
-onlcr          ⮡ࠦ  ⪨    
               ப
-nocr          室  ⪨    0
nl0             প ᫥    ப
cr0             প ᫥ ⮢ ⮪
tab0            প ᫥ ⠡権
bs0             প ᫥ ⮢
vt0             প ᫥ ⨪ ⠡権
ff0             প ᫥ ॢ ࠭

       㦨,  ࠪ⨪  㬮砭 -
   ਭ஢.   ਭ ᨫ쭮 ࠧ-
,  ⠪    ॡ  ࠧ ࠪ-
⨪.    ᠭ    stty     㬥   User's
Reference.
     ᫨    ਭ,  ஬ 室  ࠪ-
⨪  ਭ, ⫨  ,  ࠡ뢠
ணࠬ stty,   ᫥ ந 䥩 ணࠬ.
           ਭ,    ।
⥫ ᯨ᮪ ࠪ⨪ ,    㤥  -
짮     䠩 짮⥫. 
ᯨ᮪ 㤥 ᯮ짮 ᫥ ᯨ᪠  㬮砭, ⠪, 
    㤥 室    ᯨ᮪  
㬮砭,     .
      ⥫ ᯨ᮪ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

2/usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printer-name 2-o "stty='1stty-option-list'"

2     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Parameters
     (ਭ-->䨣-->ࠬ)

     ⨬,   窨   窨 室-
, ᫨      

                         -15-69-

stty-option-list. ᫨   砥 ࠪ⨪ ୠ-
⨢  ਭ,    ⠡ 㤥 ᯮ짮 ᯨ-
᮪  㬮砭.
      ⢥ ਬ ⨬,   ਭ 㤥 ᯮ-
   ᪨ ,  ⮣  ᨬ  
ப      室묨 ⤥쭮   -
-⪨.   ᫥ :

     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p printer-name -o "stty=-onlcr"

⨬,  ⤥ 窨 饭, ⠪   ᯨ᪥ -
   .

                         -15-70-

      㣮 ਬ ⨬,    ਭ ॡ -
 ⭮  ,   뫠  . 
 ᫥ :

2/usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printer-name -o "stty='parenb parodd cs7'"

          ன   terminfo

     㦨  ᭮뢠  ⠭⭮ 䥩
   terminfo  樠樨  ਭ  -
⠭ ࠭ ࠧ ࠭, 蠣 ᨬ, 蠣 ப
  ᨬ.   ࠧ, 筮 筮  -
४        terminfo   
ਭ  㦨  ਭ.  ᪮쪮  ⮢  
࠭  ਭ஢  ᮤঠ    
terminfo  ⮬ 㦨 .
      ਭ     terminfo -
⪨ .     祭  , ᯮ-
  ⠭ ६ 窨 TERM, ਬ, AT&T -
 455  .
     ᫨       terminfo  襣 ਭ-
:  ᫥  . ᫨   ᤥ ,  -
  ᯮ짮 ਭ  㦨 ,    
  ⮬᪨ 롮 ࠧ  ࠭,  蠣  
  ᨬ      ஡  ᫥-
  ਭ஢  ४ ०   
.  㣠 ,    ᯮ짮 
  terminfo,  ⮨  ன 䥩᭮
ணࠬ,  ᯮ㥬  ਭ஬.  ᫥騩 ࠧ
 祭 ᢥ  ⮬,   .
      ⭨ ⮢,    । 
 ନ  ਭ     terminfo.  
㦨   ᯮ    ,   -
設 ਭ஢ 室  襥 ⢮.  ⠡
15.9  ᫥ ,   室 । (
室騥  ਭ)    ਭ   -
㦨 .

                         -15-71-

                                    15.9

                    । terminfo
                       terminfo
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

㫥᪨
祭

daisy          ਭ ॡ, ⮡   
               ᨬ
᫠

bufsz          ᫮ ⮢, ਧ㥬 । 
cols           ᫮   ப
it             ⪨ ⠡樨 砫쭮 ᯮ १
                ஬⮪ # ஡
lines          ᫮ ப  ࠭
orc            ਧ⠫쭮 ࠧ襭    ᨬ
orhi           ਧ⠫쭮 ࠧ襭    
orl            ⨪쭮 ࠧ襭    ᨬ
orvi           ⨪쭮 ࠧ襭    
cps            । ᪮   ᨬ  ᥪ㭤

ப:

cr              ⪨
cpi             ᫠ ᨬ  
lpi             ᫠ ப  
chr             ਧ⠫쭮 ࠧ襭
cvr             ⨪쭮 ࠧ襭
csmn           ᯨ᮪   ᨬ
mgs               (,   )
hpa            ᮫⭠ ਧ⠫쭠 
cud1              ப
cuf1           ⪠ ࠢ
swidm          ࠧ襭   ਭ
rwidm          ⬥   ਭ
ff             뤠 ࠭
is1            ப 樠樨 ਭ
is2            ப 樠樨 ਭ
is3            ப 樠樨 ਭ
if              䠩 樠樨

                         -15-71-

iprog            ணࠬ 樠樨
cud            뫪 ⪨   # ப
cuf            뫪 ⪨ ࠢ  # ⮫殢
rep            ७ ᨬ # ࠧ
vpa            ᮫⭠ ⨪쭠 

                         -15-72

scs            롮  ᨬ
smgb              ⥪饩 ப
smgbp            
smgl               ⥪饩 
smglp            
smgr            ࠢ   ⥪饩 
smgrp           ࠢ 
smgt            孥  ⥪饩 ப
smgtp           孥 
scsd           砫 ।  ᨬ
ht             ᨬ ⠡樨  ᫥饣 8-ᨬ쭮
               ४饭 ⠡樨

        ࠭ 㪮⢠  祭 ஡
ଠ樨   䠩  terminfo(M)    㬥  User's
Reference   ᮧ    terminfo  
ਭ.
     ᫥ ⮣,   ᮧ  ,  㦭 -
஢        ணࠬ tic.  -
 ⮫쪮 ᫥ :

2     tic filename
filename -   䠩, ᮤঠ饣  terminfo, 
 ᮧ   ਭ. ( ணࠬ   ⨫-
 ଠ樨 ନ).

ਬ砭
  㦨   LP ⠭  䥪⨢  -
  짮 -ଠ樨    terminfo.  ᫨  
     㤠  terminfo   -
  祭,   ࠢ ⠭ 蠣, ਭ ࠭ 
      ࠬ  ᨬ,    ᫥ ⠭ 
  ⮢ 㦨  ⠪, ⮡  ᬮ 
   ଠ.

                         -15-73-

            䥩 ணࠬ

ਬ砭
  ᫨    䥩᭠ ணࠬ,    ᯮ-
      ⨫⠬  㫥 LP  UNIX ⥬ Y  3.2,
    ࠡ ⠪   㦨  .  ⨬,
  ,  ᪮쪮 ⥩ - ⠭⨧  -
    䥩᭮ ணࠬ.     -
  ⢮   ࠧ 묨 ﬨ, -
   ᯮ  䥩᭠ ணࠬ.

     ᫨    ਭ,    ᯥ祭  
      terminfo,     -
ॡ   ᯥ祭 ⠭⭮ 䥩᭮ ணࠬ-
,   ᯮ짮 ᮡ⢥ 䥩 ணࠬ.
    ⠭⭮ 䥩᭮ ணࠬ   -
     室,  祬 稭  .   
    
/usr/spool/lp/model/standard.

  䥩᭠ ணࠬ?

      䥩᭠ ணࠬ 믮 ᫥騥 :
     - 樠  ਭ   室. 筠
     䥩᭠  ணࠬ ᯮ  ⮣  stty.
     - 樠 䨧᪨ ਭ.  筠 䥩᭠
     ணࠬ  ᯮ  terminfo  ६ 窨 TERM
      祭 ࠢ ᫥⥫쭮⥩,  ⮡ ᤥ-
      .
     - ⠥ ࠭   室.
     - ⠥ ४⭮ ᫮  ᮤন .
     䥩᭠ ணࠬ  ⢥砥  ⨥  ਭ-
.    㦨 ,  ஥ 頥 
뢠 ਭ.    ਭ   -
䥩᭮ ணࠬ,   ⠭ 室,  ਭ ᬠ-
  ࠢ騩 ନ  䥩᭮ ணࠬ  -
  ࠧ,    ᠭ   ਢ  뫪 ᨣ
SIGHUP 䥩᭮ ணࠬ.
     ஥ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ    -
 ਭ   㣨 ᯮᮡ

                         -15-74-

ࠧ樠஢ ਭ.    㦨 
ᯮ짮 䥩 ணࠬ ⮫쪮  ⮢ ਭ-
   ਭ, ⮣   ᮤন ⢫-
  㣨  ।⢠,  ਬ,  㦨  
९ਭ ࠧ殢 ࠢ .

 ᯮ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ?

      㦨  ࠢ  室    
ਭ, 䥩᭠ ணࠬ  ਭ 뢠 ᫥-
騬 ࠧ:
2/usr/spool/lp/admins/lp/interface/P id user title copies options
file1 file2 ...

     㬥⠬ 䥩᭮ ணࠬ :

P               ਭ
id             䨪 , 頥 lp
user            祭 짮⥫, ᤥ襣 
title          롮 ,  짮⥫
copies         ᫮ , 襭 짮⥫
options        ᯨ᮪ ⥩, ࠧ ஡,
                짮⥫,   㦨
               
file              ⠥ 䠩

      뢠  䥩᭠  ணࠬ,   ⠭
室   /dev/null, ⠭ 室 ࠢ 
ਭ,  ⠭ 室 訡 ࠢ  䠩, -
 짮⥫, ᫠襬  .
     ⠭ 䥩   ᯮ  ᫥騥  祭  
ᯨ᪥ ⥩:

nobanner         ᯮ,  ⮡  ய
                ࠭ .    ࠭ -
                ⠥.
nofilebreak      ᯮ   ய᪠  ࠧ-
                 ࠭   ⤥묨 䠩 ,
                 ࠧ     䠩 
               ᮤন  .
cpi=decimal-number1 -  筮 ᫮
lpi=decimal-number2 -  筮 ᫮

                         -15-75-

             訢   decimal-number1
          ᫮         decimal-number2  ᫮
          ப   ᮮ⢥⢥.  ⠭⭠ 䥩-
           ணࠬ 뤥    terminfo ࠢ-
          騥 ᫥⥫쭮,  室  樠-
          樨 ਭ  ࠡ⪥ 蠣  ᨬ    ப.
           pica,  elite  compress -  ⨬ 
           decimal-number1      ᨭ    10
          ⮫殢  ,  12 ⮫殢    ⠪ ᫠
            , ஥ .
2length=decimal-number1
2width=decimal-number2
               ਭ,  ᮮ⢥⢥-
          ,  ⠥  ࠭.  ⠭⭠   䥩᭠
          ணࠬ     terminfo ࠢ-
          騥 ᫥⥫쭮, 室  樠樨
          ਭ  ࠡ⪥  ࠭  ਭ ࠭-
          .
2stty='stty-option-list'
     stty-option-list - ᯮ ᫥ ᯨ᪠  㬮-

            㬥   stty. ᮪  㬮砭
          ᯮ   䨣樨    㬮-
          砭, ⥫ ᯨ᮪, । 䥩-
           ணࠬ  㬮砭,  ᯮ  -
           䨣樨  室.
          짮⥫ 
뤠  ,   㦨      祭
㬮砭,  ⠭  ஬  ਭ (cpi,
lpi, length, width, stty)   ९ਭ⭮ , ᯮ-
   (cpi, lpi, length, width).
     ⥫쭠 ଠ  䨣樨 ਭ  ।-
 䥩᭮ ணࠬ  ६ 窨:
    2 TERM=printer-type
           ६ 窨  ⨯ ਭ. 祭
          ᯮ    祭 ଠ樨  -
             ਭ      ७    
          terminfo.
2     FILTER='pipeline'
          ()
           ६  窨  ᯮ짮 䨫
           뫪 ᮤন    ਭ,  䨫
          । ࠢ ਭ஬.

                         -15-76-

2     CHARSET=character-set
          ( ᨬ)
           ६  窨    ᨬ,  -
          㥬     ᮤন    .
          ⠭⭠  䥩᭠ ணࠬ   
           terminfo ࠢ騥 ᫥⥫쭮, -
          室  롮  ᨬ.
     ஥ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ     -
    ६ 窨,   ᯮ-
   ᮮ⢥騬 ࠧ ࠡ뢠.

ன 䥩᭮ ணࠬ

       㡥,  ஥ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ-
  ४ ० stty (ࠪ⨪ ନ, -
  ᪮ ।  室  ࠬ). ⠭⭠
䥩᭠ ணࠬ  ,     ᫥ ᮮ-
騬 ࠧ.  ࠧ,  稭  -
 窨:

     ## Initialize the printer port
      (樠  ਭ)

      ,  ᯮ㥬   ⠭⭮  䥩᭮
ணࠬ.   ⠭ ०  㬮砭  ஥
०,  㦨   짮⥫  -
, 筮 ᫥饩:

2     stty 1mode options 0<&1
         (० )

      ப     ⠭  室    
stty   ਭ. ਬ ப  stty,  -
 ᪮ । 1200   ⠭    ०
⥩,  :

   stty -parenb -parodd 1200 cs8 cread clocal ixon 0<&1

       ࠪ⨪ ,  ⠭ ⠭-
 䥩᭮ ணࠬ,   ࠢ ⮪ -
.    ⠭⭮ 䥩᭮ ணࠬ ।-
,    㣨 ࠪ⨪  ਭ

                         -15-76-

  ⠭.    ࠧ,    稭
ਥ 窨:

# Here you may want to add other port initialization code
 (     㣮  樠樨
 ).

     ᪮ ࠧ  ਭ  ࠧ ᫮ ⮫殢,
㡥,      "墮"      䥩᭮
ணࠬ ᮮ⢥ 襬 ਭ. ⠭⭠ 䥩-
  ணࠬ  ⠥   ,      ᮮ⢥
80-⮫殢  ࠭ (஬  짮⥫,  
  ).  ࠧ    ⠭⭮ -
䥩᭮ ணࠬ, 稭騩   窨

                         -15-77-

          ## Print the banner page
          (⠩ ࠭ )

     ஥ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ     
ᮮ饭  訡, 易  짮⥫,  ⠭⭮
室   ⠭⭮ 뢮 訡.  饭,  ᫠
  ⠭  뢮 訡,  ࠢ ஭ ⮩
짮⥫,  ᮮ饭, ⠥  ⠭⭮ 室, -
稢    ⠭ ࠭,     
짮⥫,   롨ࠥ 室.
     ᫥ 襭   䥩᭠ ணࠬ 
  ,  ᮮ騬 ﭨ  . 
室  㦨  ᫥騬 ࠧ:
 15.10
           室
       祭  㦨 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

0           訫 ᯥ譮. ᫨ ந襫 ᡮ
          ਭ,  뢠.
1-127      ஡    ⤥쭮  -
            (ਬ,  ᫨誮  ⠥ ᨬ
            ॢ蠥  ਭ).  ஡-
              ᫥騥  .  -
            頥 , ᫠襥   -
             訡   .   ᫨  ந襫  ᡮ
          ਭ,  뢠.
128       ࢨ   ७ ᯮ짮 㦨-
            LP.  䥩 ணࠬ    
            ⨬ .
129        ਭ ந襫   .  ஡-
             ᫥騥  . ᫨ -
          ⠭  ᡮ ਭ ⠢ 㦨
              ॣ樨 ஡,
           뢠 ਭ.  ᫨ ⠭   ᡮ
          த  ,  㦨   뢠
          ਭ,   ⠥  ᭮ १  ᪮쪮
          .
>129        १ࢨ   ७ ᯮ짮
          㦨 . 䥩 ணࠬ  -
               ⮬ .
      뢠 ⠡   ᯮᮡ 饭
  ᡮ ਭ  襭   129.

                              -15-78-

 ᮦ,  ᫨ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ 蠥, 㦨-
    㣮 롮, ஬ ९⪨ 
 砫,   ᡮ 뢠.  㣨 ᯮᮡ  祭
।० ஬,   室 ९-
 ᥣ ,   뫪 䥩᭮ ணࠬ -
饭  ᡮ 㦨 ,     ᡮ.
᫥  ᡮ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ    -
 䠩 짮⥫.  ᫥ 襭    -
 㫥  室 ⠪ ࠧ,   ᡮ  ந-
室.   ⥫쭮   ⮨⢮   ⮨      ⮬,  
䥩᭠ ணࠬ   ॣ஢  ॣ  ᡮ
⮬᪨, ⠪,     뢠 ਭ-
.
     饭   ᡮ    뫠 㦨  
 ணࠬ  lp.tell.  뫪  ⢫  ६
窨 $LPTELL  ⠭⭮ 䥩᭮ .  ணࠬ
 ⠭ 室  뫠  㦨  , 
 頥  ᮮ饭, ஥ ।० 
 ᡮ ਭ.  ᫨ ⠭ 室 ਭ ,  lp.tell
 樨 ।०. ஢ਬ ⠭ 䥩
 ࠧ ᫥  ਥ  ਬ ⮣,  ᯮ-
 ணࠬ lp.tell ($LPTELL):

# Here's where we set up the $LPTELL program to capture
# fault messages.
# Here's where we print the file.
 (  訢  ணࠬ $LPTELL 墠 ᮮ饭 
 ᡮ.   ⠥ 䠩).

      ᯥ樠쭮  室 129  ணࠬ lp.tell -
 室   䥩᭮  ணࠬ  뢠
ᠬ ਭ.   䥩᭠ ணࠬ   ਭ
,    ⮬ ४뢠 堭 ।०  
ᡮ.  ।० 뫠 ⮫쪮, ᫨ 㦨 -
 ॣ ᡮ ਭ,    ᯥ樠    室
ணࠬ lp.tell -  ᭮ 㬥 ॣ樨.

                             -15-78-

     ᫨ 㦨   ࢠ    䠩  
 ६,   ⬥ 䥩 ணࠬ  ᨣ 15
(ᬮ kill(C)  㬥 User's Reference    signal(S)  
㬥 Programmer's Referense).  ᫨ 䥩᭠ ணࠬ
⬥  祭  㣮 ᨣ,   㦨-
  ।,  ᫥騥    -
থ ﭨ  த ᯮ짮 ਭ.  㦨-
  頥 , 稢襥 ,  ⮬,   
訫 ᯥ譮.
      ᨣ SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGOUT, SIGPIPE (饭
 1,  2,  3  13) ,  뢠 䥩.
⠭ 䥩 ஢      墠  
ᨣ  ᮮ⢥騥 . ⠭ 䥩 -
ਢ 祭  ᨣ  ,    ਭ  -
  ஡,   뤠 饭  ᡮ.    ணࠬ,
 㦨  ᯮ  ࠢ ਭ஬
 ࠧ,   ⠥ 䠩.  믮  ᭮-
 :
     - 樠  ਭ (ᮥ  -
     ஬  ਭ஬).

                         -15-79-

     - 樠 ਭ (⠭    ଠ쭮
     ﭨ  砥, ᫨ ࠭ ⠭ 䠩 ⠫ 
     筮 ﭨ)   蠣 ᨬ, 蠣 ப,
     ࠧ ࠭   ᨬ,  襭 짮-
     ⥫.
     -  ࠭ , 
     - 믮 䨫   䠩.

  䥩 ணࠬ

     ᫨   ࠫ 䥩 ணࠬ,  ᯮ
⠭⭠,  ᯥ稢 㦨 . ⮣ 
 筮  襩  ॡ⥩ .  ᫨ 
,        㦤   -
९  ᮡ⢥ 䥩 ணࠬ   
    ਭ.
     ᫨   ᯮ짮  ⠭⭮ 䥩᭮
ணࠬ,  㦤     ਭ. -
, ᫨  ᯮ  䥩 ணࠬ,  -
  뫠       ,   -
 ਭ, ᯮ   ᠬ 䥩 ணࠬ.
      䨪樨  ஥  䥩᭮  ணࠬ 
   ਭ     䥩᭮  ணࠬ  
᫥饬 :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-i pathname
                          ਭ    

      䨪樨 ஥ 䥩᭮ ணࠬ -
   㣮 ਭ   ਭࠬ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername1 2- printername2
                          ਭ1   ਭ2

printername1   饭  ਭ,    
,  printername2   饭  ਭ,
㦥 ,   ᯮ  ஥  䥩
ணࠬ.

                         -15-79-

      䨪樨 䥩᭮ ணࠬ  뫪   -
  䥩 ணࠬ   ਭ   
᫥騬 ࠧ:

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-m modelname
                         ਭ      

            䨫

      ᯮ 㦨   ࠧ, 
   ⨯ 䠩,   ਭ ਭ஬.
  ६,  䨫   ⮫   ⮫ ᫮,

                         -15-80-

  室,   ⮫쪮 ᪮쪮 譨 ॡ-
:
     -    ᮤন 䠩  짮⥫ 
     ⠭⭮ 室  ᫠ ८ࠧ 䠩  ⠭-
      室.
     -   䨫    ᫠ ᮮ饭  訡 
     䠩  ⠭ 室 訡.   䨫  -
      뫠 ᮮ饭,   ᠭ . 饭 
     訡   䨫  ᮡ  뫠-
      짮⥫, ᫠襬 䠩  .
     - ᫨  䨫 ⬥ -  祭  ᨣ,
       蠥,   짮⥫, ᫠訩 -
     ,  頥.  ⮣, ᫨  䨫 -
     蠥  㫥  室,   蠥
      짮⥫ 頥.  室   䨫஢
     ࠡ뢠 -㣮,  ᠭ .
     -         㣨  䠩,  
     筮  㯭 筮 짮⥫.  ᫨ 䨫 -
     蠥 ਩,   짮⥫ 믮  -
     ,  㤥  ਩   믮 -
     㦨 .
      "" 뢠,   䨫  㦨-
 .
      ᪮쪮  ⥫ ॡ,  ᫨ 䨫
 ⠪ ॣ஢ ᡮ ਭ:
     - ᫨  ,      ᡮ । -
     襭.  ⥫쭮   த   -
       ࠭,    ⠭ ᫥ ᮢ
     ᡮ.  ᫨   ७ ,  㦨-
        ⠭ 䨫 । ।० -
     .
     -   ᫠ ᮮ饭 ᡮ ਭ  ⠭
     室 訡,  ᯮ ᡮ.    -
     ,   ,   ᠭ .
     -    뫠 ᮮ饭  訡  䠩  -
     室 ⠭ 訡.  ᮮ饭  ⠭⭮ -
     室 訡  ஢ ᡮ ਭ.    ᫥
       ⠭ 室 ⮪,     
     ⠭ 짮⥫.
     -    㫥  室, ᫨ 䠩
     짮⥫ 襭 (, ᫨ 訡  䠩

                         -15-80-

     ९ ४⭮ ).
     -    㫥  室 ⮫쪮, -
      ᡮ ਭ ।०   襭 䠩.
     - ᫥   ⠡ 䨫    ,
       䨫.  ࠧ "। 䨫"
       ""   .

                         -15-81-

            

      祭  㬮砭  䨣樨 ਭ -
   設⢠ ॡ⥩,   -
⥩  䨣樨 ⤥ ᯥ⮢ 権 . 
 ⠪ ,  ।०  ᡮ  -
.  ᫥ ᯨ᮪ ⥫쭮 ଠ樨, -
     । 䨣樨   ਭ-
:
     -  ਭ
     -  ᮤন
     - ⮤ ᮥ
     -  ᨬ  騥 堭
     - ।०  ᡮ
     - ⠭  ᡮ
     - ᯮ짮 ࠭祭
     - ਡ   㬮砭
      室  祭  ⮩ ଠ樨   -
  ਭ  㦨 ; , 祬 
ଠ樨  ᯥ稢,  ⥬  ࠢ ਭ 
  ⥬    㦨    㦨-
 .
     ᠭ  ᫥ ࠧ   ,   
ଠ  䨣樨 ਭ 砥,     ᯮ-
,  ⮬   ,     ଠ
  ਭ.   ᬮ   ࠧ-
      浪   ४⭮ 䨣஢ ਭ 
᪮쪮 ⠯,    ,     ࠧ-
 ।  ਭ, ⠪,    ᤥ 
  蠣.
           ਭ

      ਭ   ࠢ쭮 ᯮ짮 ਭ.
㦨 ਭ ᯮ ⨯ ਭ  뤥 -
ଠ樨    ਭ     terminfo.   ଠ
뢠  ਭ,  ⠪,       -
०,  ᫨     ᯥ稢  ଠ樨
䨣樨  ᮮ⢥ ਭ.    ଠ  ⠪
뢠 ࠢ騥   ᯮ짮  樠樨
ਭ ।  䠩.  ᫨   ॡ  ⨯
ਭ,     ⨯,   ᯥ稢-
 ।⢠ .

                         -15-82-

      ਭ -  饥  ਭ.  ⨯ ਭ-
 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-T printer-type

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Configure-->Parameters
     (ਭ-->䨣-->ࠬ)

     ᫨   । ⨯ ਭ, ᯮ  㬮-
砭 unknwn.   ⮬ ନ   १,  
㦨   ᬠਢ ଠ  ਭ,  ⠪,
 㦨    ஢ । 
 樠஢ ਭ.

           ᮤন

       ६,  ଠ  ⨯ ਭ ᮮ頥 -
 ,   ⨯ ਭ ,  ଠ  
⨯ ᮤন ᮮ頥 㦨 ,   ⨯ 䠩-
   ⠭.    ਭ஢  -
  ⮫쪮   ⨯ 䠩;    ⨯ ᮤন ⭮
祭 ⨯ ਭ.  ਭ, ,  -
  ᪮쪮 ࠧ ⨯ 䠩    ᮤন-
 ४⭮.    ⮣ ⨯ ਭ   ᫥
᫨  ⨯ ᮤন,  ਭ.
      䠩 । 㦨   ,  -
㦨   ਭ,  ᯮᮡ ࠡ뢠 .
㦨      ஢   ᮮ⢥騩
ਭ,   १  ⨯-ᮤন,  १  ਭ-
-⨯.  ⮬      (    
)  । 䠩  .
      ᮤন-⨯    룫拉  筮  
ਭ-⨯,    ᢮  롮 ,  - -
      ,  ᯮ  ਭ.  (  simple,
terminfo  any ᯮ  騥 ᮡ 祭  -
㦨 ;  ᫥ ᯮ짮  ᮮ⢥騬 -
ࠧ).      ᮤঠ    14 ᨬ  
 ⮫쪮 㪢,   ન. ᫨  ⨯ -
ন  ⠥ ࠧ묨 ⨯ ਭ஢,   ᫥
ᯮ짮    ⨯ ᮤন     
ਭ஢. 

                         -15-82-

  ,  ᯮ ਭ,  ⠪    -
짮     䨪樨 ⨯ 䠩,   
  ᨬ  祭 .
     ਬ  ந⥫ ⮢ ਭ, -
 ਭ 䠩 PostScript.    ⨬ ਭࠬ 
ॡ ࠧ ⨯ ਭ஢,       
 ࠢ쭮 樠஢ ( ।,   ࠢ-
騥 ᫥⥫쭮 樠樨 ࠧ),   
 ࠡ⪨   ⮣  ⨯ 室 䠩, -
  뢠,  postscript. 㣮 ਬ, -
 ந⥫ ⮢ ਭ,  ਭ

                         -15-83-

ࠢ騥 ᫥⥫쭮 ANSI X3.64.   ਭ -
  ᯥ稢   ANSI   ᯥ稢
ࠧ    ⥩.      ᢮
ࠧ  ⨯ ᮤন   ਭ஢, ⮡ ࠧ-
 .
         ⨯  ᮤন    ਭ.
᫨    ,  ⨯ ਭ ᯮ   ⨯
ᮤন, ஥ ਭ  ࠡ뢠. ᫨   -
 ⨯ ਭ,  㦨  ।,  ਭ-
   ⮫쪮 䠩 ⨯  ᮤন  simple.  
  ,  ᫨  ॡ,  ⮡  롨ࠫ
ࠢ ਭ  뫨 㢥७,   䠩 ࠢ쭮  -
⮢  ਭ ।  뫪  .
      騩 ⨯ 䠩    ⥬  UNIX  ⥭  
simple.  ।,   䠩 ᮤন ⮫쪮 ⠥-
 ᨬ ASCII  ᫥騥 ࠢ騥 ᨬ:

        뫠 ⥫ ⭮    -
                砫 ப
⪠          뫠 ⥫    ᫥  ⠡-
⠡樨      樨,           設⢥    ਭ஢
               ᯮ १  8 
 ப  뫠 ⥫   砫  ᫥饩  ப
               ( ॡ ᯥ樠 ⠭  
                ਭ஢ - ᬮ  ᫥騩 ࠧ
               "ࠪ⨪  ਭ")
    뫠 ⥫  砫 ᫥饩 ࠭
 ⪨뫠 ⥫   砫 ⮩  ப (-
                    ਭ)

      "⥫"    堨  ᮢ६ -
 ਭ஢,   ⮬ 믮  ⢨.
᫨  ਭ  ࠡ뢠 ⨯ simple 䠩,   ᫥
   ᯨ᮪ ⨯ ᮤন    ਭ
  ⨯ (⨯) ᮤন,   ࠡ뢠-
 ਭ஬.  ᫨   ,  ⮡ ਭ ਭ 䠩
⨯ simple,   ᫥  ୠ⨢ ᯨ᮪ ⨯
ᮤন,  ਭ  ਭ. ( ਭ - 
襥 , ᫨ 㣮 ⨯  室).
     㣨  ⨯ ᮤন  terminfo.    
⭮  ⤥쭮 ⨯ 䠩,    ⮣ ⭮ 
ᥬ ⨯, ।⠢    terminfo.  ⭮,

                         -15-83-

  ਭ   ࠡ⪨  ⨯, -
᫥   .     १ࢨ  -
ᠭ  । 䨫.  ஬  ⮣  ⨯  ᮤন
any १ࢨ  ᠭ ⨯ 䠩,   䨫 -
 ਭ  ନ஢.      ᫥  ᯮ짮-
,  ⨯ ᮤন   ਭ.

                         -15-84-

      ᯨ᮪ ⨯ ᮤন ᫥騬 ࠧ:

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername2 -I content-type-list
                                    (ᮤন-⨯-ᯨ᮪)
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Configure-->Content
     (ਭ-->䨣-->ন)

    ন-⨯-ᯨ᮪ -  ᯨ᮪ ,  ࠧ -
⮩  ஡.  ᫨  ᯮ ஡    ࠧ
,     ᯨ᮪ (  -I)  窨.  ᫨  
। ⨯ 䠩,   ਭ ਭ,  -
㦨  ।,     ਭ ⨯ simple
 ⨯  ⥬  ,    ⨯ ਭ (᫨  ⨯  ਭ
।).

               ⮤ ᮥ

     㦨     ᮥ  ਭ
ࠧ묨 ᯮᮡ. ⥩訩 ᯮᮡ ⮨  ᮥ
ਭ אַ  .  ,    ᮥ-
 ਭ १   १ 롨ࠥ ,   
  ࠧ  㣨 ࠬ  ࠡ稬 ⠭-
. ᫥ ᮥ ਭ    ᮥ 
      ᮥ     ᫥ 
⮤ ᮥ  㦨 .
     ⮤  㬮砭,   ਭ ᮥ  -
஬ -  אַ ⮤ ᮥ.  ᫨  ᯮ 
⮤  ᮥ ਭ  襬 ,  筮
 㦭 ᤥ ⮫쪮 ᫥饥:     ᮥ.
        ⮤ ᮧ  ᮥ: १
롨ࠥ   १  㣮 ⨯  . 㦨
  ᯮ  ⥬  UUCP   ॠ樨  ⮤
 ᮥ.  ᯮ 롨ࠥ , -
  㤮⢮७  ᫮: ਭ   易 
롨ࠥ ,  롨ࠥ        易  
஬,  ⥬ UUCP    ⮬ .
     ਭ, ᮥ १  㣮 ⨯  ॡ,
⮡     ਭ  " ⥬".   
  ⥬ 䠩  易 䠩.  ਭ 
⭮  ⥬ UNIX, ⥬ 䠩  

                         -15-84-

ᯮ짮  ॣ樨 ⮤ 㯠 (筮 ଠ-
 祭   㤥).
       ணࠬ cu ⢫   ਭ ⠪,
 㦨  LP,  ᫥  䠩  -
⮢ 㯠  ਭ  cu.  cu  ᯮ 
㯠  ਭࠬ,    㦨  ਫ    
䠩: ᫨ cu  ⢨   ਭ, 㦨-
  LP 㤥   㯠  ⠪  (ᬮ
"஥ 㤠   UUCP  祭 

                         -15-85-

஡ ଠ樨   ᮥ ).
       ਭ,   易 १    
,  ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printer-name 2-U dial-info
                                    (ଠ 맮)
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Configure-->Add
     (ਭ-->䨣-->)

dial-info -    ⥫䮭 ,  ࠥ  ⨦
 ਭ,    ⥬,    ⥬  䠩
UUCP  ਭ.
         lpadmin   -U,  -
v. , ᫨     -l, 㦨  LP
㤥 ⮬᪨ 믮    .  ⥭ᨢ
஢  ⠢  10 ,  ᫨ ਭ   20 ,
᫨  .  ⥭ᨢ  ࠨ.   -
  맢      뤠祩   enable 
ਭ.  ᫨   ਭ  ⭮    -
⥫ ਮ,  ᫥ 뤠  disable.
      lpstat -p ᮮ頥 稭   ਩  ⪨
롮.  ஬  ⮣,  ᫨    ।०  ᡮ 롮
(ᬮ ࠧ "।०  ᡮ"  ),    ᮮ饭
।० 뤠 稭 ᡮ.  ᮮ饭  -
饭  訡,  ନ㥬 ⥬ UUCP    
.  ࠧ, 뢠 "饭  訡 -
ﭨ UUCP"  ࠧ "஥ 㤠     UUCP  
᭥ 稭 ᡮ.

           ᨬ  騥 堭

     ਭ ࠧ  ᯮᮡ,    ,
ᯮ ࠧ  ⮢.    塞
騥 堭,  㣨  塞  ⮢,
㣨  ९ணࠬ㥬,  롨ࠥ    ᨬ.
㦨    襩   ஢ -
  ࠧ稩  짮⥫ 㦨 .
        ਭ    騥 -
:  ⮢   ᨬ, 㯭  ਭ-
.  쪮    ⮢ ।  ᯮ짮-
   ਭ.  窨 ७ 㦨

                         -15-85-

, , 騥 堭  塞  -
⮢    ⥬  ᠬ,  ⠪   ॡ   -
⥫⢠  ஢  饣 堭  -
  ⮢.   ࠧ   㦤 㯮
⮫쪮 騥 堭   ᨬ.

                         -15-86-

        㯭 騥  堭  
  ᨬ,   砥  .    㦭 
襣 㤮⢠  㤮⢠ 짮⥫.    ࠧ ਭ-
    宦 騥 堭   ᨬ-
,   ᫥ ᯮ짮 騥     ਭ஢.
   ᫠ 䠩     
 ⭮⥫쭮 ⮣,   ਭ ᯮ  -
,  ᯮ    騩 堭  롨ࠥ 
ᨬ.
     ᫨ ਭ   㥬 騥 堭,  
㦭 ⮫쪮 ᫨  .  ᫨ ਭ  롨ࠥ-
   ᨬ,   㦭 ᫨    ⮡-
     ᫮,  㭨쭮 饥   
  terminfo.    ᯮ짮 ᫥ 
 ।  ஢  ᨬ,  ᫥    
 terminfo:

2     TERM=1printer-type tput csnm 0

printer-type -   ᬠਢ ⨯ ਭ.   -
  ᨬ ( ᨬ 砥   㬮砭
᫥ 樠樨 ਭ)   ⠭. 
,  ᯮ 1, 2, 3  ⠪   0, ⮡ 㢨
  㣨  ஢ ᨬ.   饬 砥  terminfo
  ᮮ⢥⢮ , ᯮ㥬  㬥-
樨 짮⥫  ਭ. , ⠪    ந-
⥫ ᯮ     ,   terminfo  ⫨-
   ⨯ ਭ  ᫥饣.

ਬ砭
   宦  㦨           
terminfo  ᫥  ⨯ ਭ.  ᠭ
  ࠭ ࠧ " ਭ".

       ᯨ᪠  饣 堭  -
 ਭ  ᫥ :

                         -15-86-

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p1 printer-name 2-S print-wheel-list
                               (騩 堭-ᯨ᮪)
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Configure-->Parameters
     (ਭ-->䨣-->ࠬ)

print-wheel-list -  ᯨ᮪  ,  ࠧ  ⮩  
஡. ᫨  ᯮ ஡  ࠧ , -
  ᯨ᮪ (  -S)  窨.
       ᯨ᪠   ᨬ  ⮡ࠦ  
  ᫠ terminfo  ᫥ :

                         -15-87-

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printer-name 2-S character-set-list
                                    (ᯨ᮪  ᨬ)
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Configure-->Parameters
     (ਭ-->䨣-->ࠬ)

character-set-list -  ⠪ ᯨ᮪ , ࠧ ⮩
 ஡.     ⮬ ᯨ᪥ 룫廊 ᫥-
騬 ࠧ:

2        csN=character-setname
        character-setname1=character-setname2

     N  ࢮ 砥 -  ᫮  0  63, 饥
        ᨬ                2terminfo.
character-setname1  ஬ 砥   ᨬ-
   terminfo.    砥  ࠢ    -
⢠ (=) -  , ࠭,  ᥢ  ᨬ.

ਬ砭
     ᯥ稢 ᯨ᮪ ᥢ  ஢ ᨬ-
  ,  ᫨   terminfo .    뫠 
   ᨬ  ,   terminfo   襬 -
  .

     ਬ ⨬,      ਭ   롨ࠥ
 ᨬ ( #1  #2)    ⠭⭮ -
 ᨬ ( #0).  ਭ 5310.   ᫥-
騥   ।  롨ࠥ ஢ ᨬ:

     TERM=5310 tput csmn 1
     english
     TERM=5310 tput csmn 2
     finnish

   english  finnish,  室  -   롨ࠥ
஢ ᨬ.   ,    "finnish"  ⭮
뫪     ᨬ #2,    ᯮ짮  
⠭⭮    #1.    ᫥  
 । ᨭ:

                         -15-87-

2   /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printer-name -S "cs0=american,
                                       english=british
     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printer-->Configure-->Parameters
     (ਭ-->䨣-->ࠬ)

     ᫨    騥  堭    
ᨬ,   ᯮ짮  ਭ஬,  㦨-
  । ᫥饥: ਭ,   -
騥 堭,  ⮫쪮 ⤥, 䨪஢ -
騩 堭  ᯮ짮 ਭ. ஬ ⮣

                         -15-88-

ਭ,   롨ࠥ   ᨬ,    -
짮   csN  terminf,  ⭮  ਭ.

।०  ஢ 饣 堭

     ᫨   ਭ  塞 騥 堭,
  ᫨ 騥 堭,  ࠧ襭  
ਭ,    짮⥫   ᫠    -
짮 ⤥쭮 饣 堭.  ,  ⮣,
    㤥  ஢ (ᬮ ࠧ "஢ 
 饣 堭"  ⮩ )     騩
堭 ⠥  ।   ⠥.   ਮ-
᪨ ᫥ ᫮ ᮢ ,   ⤥쭮 -
饣 堭,  㦨  ।⠢ 
⮩ ᯮᮡ.     祭  ।०,
 ᫮ ᮢ,   騩 堭 ॢ蠥 -
 ண.
          ᪮쪨 ᯮᮡ 祭
।०:
     -     ।०  ஭ .
      ࠧ mail(C)  ᠭ  2mail.
     -    ।०, ᠭ  ନ-
     ,   ண  稫  ⥬.  ࠧ-
      write(C)  ᠭ  write.
     -    ।० १  ࠭  
     ணࠬ.
     -     ।०.

ਬ砭
  ᫨   ࠫ   ।०,   ⢥砥 
  ஢ ࠢ쭮 ஢ 饣 堭.

     ஬ ⮤ ।०      ⠪  ⠭
᫮ ᮢ,      । । ⥬, 
 㤥 ।०    ७ ।०-
     ஢ 饣 堭.
        ᪮ ७  ।०, 
   祭 ⮫쪮  ।०  -
騩 堭.
        ।०    室 ஢
饣 堭    ᫥ :

                         -15-89-

2    /usr/lib/lpadmin -S 1print-wheelname -A mail
                                          -Q 1integer 2-W minutes
2    /usr/lib/lpadmin -S 1print-wheelname -A write
                                          -Q 1integer 1-W minutes
2    /usr/lib/lpadmin -S 1print-wheelname 2-A 'command'
                                          2-Q 1integer 2-W minutes
2    /usr/lib/lpadmin -S 1print-wheelname -A none

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     rinters-->Auxiliary-->Alert
     (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->।०)

        ਢ  ⮬,  㦨 -
  뫠    ᮮ饭    ᮮ饭 אַ 
  ନ,  ᮮ⢥⢥,       ।०.
    訢    㦨  믮
command   ।०.  । 窨,  -
,      , ࠭  ⠭-
  믮 command;   祭 ६ -
,  䨪  짮⥫  㯯  ⥪饥 .
⢥  訢  㦨    
뫠   ।०  室 ஢ -
饣 堭.  Integer (楫) -  ᫮ ᮢ, -
 室  騩 堭,   minutes () -
 ᫮   騬 ।०ﬨ.

ਬ砭
  ᫨     ᫠   ᮮ饭 㣮  
   ᡮ ਭ,     ᯮ짮  
  ᫥ . ᯮ -A 'mail user-name' 
2  - 'write1 user-name' option.

᫥ ⮣,    砫  騥  ।०-
,      㦨  ४饭 -
뫪  ।०   砥 뤠 ᫥ -
:

  2   /usr/lib/lpadmin-S 1print-wheelname -A quiet

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Auxiliary-->Alert
    (ਭ-->ᯮ⥫-->।०)

                         -15-89-

     ᫥ ⮣,  騩 堭 ஢  ࠧ-
஢ ᭮ ।० 稭 ᭮,  ᫨  ᫨誮
 ᮢ.  ।० ⠪ 稭  ᭮,  ᫨
᫮   ᮢ   ண -Q   ᭮ -
  ண -Q,  騥  ⬥ , -
 ⨯ ।० .
     ᫨ print-wheelname -  all    ᫥ 
,  ᫮ ।० ᯮ   -
 堭,   ।० 㦥 ।.
     ᫨   । ⮤ ।०  -
 堭,     ।०  .  ᫨ 
। ⮤,      -W,   ।-
०  ࠧ   樨.

                           -15-90-

          ।०  ᡮ

     㦨  ।⠢ ।⢠   ॣ樨
ᡮ ਭ  뤠 ।०.   ।⠢
 ஡,  ⠪  ண 㬠     -
室  騩 讪   쥧 ᡮ,
⠪  ᡮ 쭮 ⠭  ᡮ  ਭ.  
஢ ᡮ ⠪ ப,  稭   ⥫ (ᨣ-
,  㪠뢠饣  ⮢ ਭ)  뫪 XOFF 
ᮮ饭.  쪮   ஢ ᡮ ਭ ᯮ-
 ᠬ 㦨 :   ⥫    XOFF  
᫥  室 ६ ᫥ XON.    -
 䨫,   ᯮ  㣨 -
  ᡮ  ਭ    ᭮뢠  㦨  
।०  ᡮ,  䨫 ॣ .

ਬ砭
   ᠭ    䨫  ᬮ  ࠧ ""
   .  ᠭ ⮣,  䨫  㦨-
       ᡮ ᬮ "ன -
   "   .

           ᪮쪨  ᯮᮡ  祭
।०  ᡮ ਭ:
     -    ।०   ஭  .
      ࠧ mail(C)  ᠭ  mail.
     -    ।०, ᠭ  ନ-
     ,   ண  稫  ⥬.  ࠧ-
      write(C)  ᠭ  write.
     -      ।० १ ࠭ 
     ணࠬ.
     -     ।०.

ਬ砭
  ᫨  ࠫ   ।०,   㦥 ᯮᮡ
  祭  ଠ樨  ᡮ   䨪஢; 㦨
    த ᯮ짮 ᡮ ਭ.

                         -15-91

        ⮤ ।०    ⠪  -
  ।०      ᡮ. 
  ᪮ ७  ।०    
 祭 ⮫쪮  ।०  ᡮ.

ਬ砭
   䨫,   ᯥ稢  ॣ  ᡮ,
  㦨     ⮬᪨ ।, 
  ᡮ 襭,  ஬  ⠢  㣮  䠩.
    ।,    ᡮ 뢠  㤠筮 
  䠩.  ⮣, ᫨  ᨫ ⮫쪮  ।०
    ᡮ,      㣮 ।०.  ᫨ ᫥
  䨪樨 ᡮ,   । ⪮  㣮 䠩 -
      ᡮ ਭ, , ᫨ 
  ⪠ 䨪஢ ᡮ  室,    頥.
  祭    ।०    ᡮ  ॡ
   ⢨  ਢ  ⮢ ਭ (ᬮ
  ࠧ  "⠭    ᡮ"  )  ࠭ 
  ஡.
       ।०  ᡮ ਭ   
᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-A mail -W minutes
2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-A write -W minutes
2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-A '1command' 2-W minutes
2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -A none

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Errors
     (ਭ-->䨣-->訡)

        訢  㦨    -
뫪   ᮮ饭    אַ  ନ,  ᮮ-
⢥,   ।०.   -
    㦨    믮  command   
।०.  । 窨   쥩 -
 ࠭  ⠭  믮 command. -
 砥  ६  ।,  䨪  짮⥫  
㯯    ⥪饥 .  ⢥  訢 
㦨   뫠  ।०  ᡮ.

                         -15-92-

ਬ砭
  ᫨     ᫠   ᮮ饭 㣮  
   ᡮ ਭ,     ᯮ짮  
  ᫥ . ᯮ -A 'mail user-name' 
2  - 'write1 user-name' option.

     ᫥  ᡮ  砫  祭 
।०      㦨  ४-
饭 뫪  ।०   ⥪饣  ᡮ  뤠祩
᫥饩 :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -A quiet

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Errors
    (ਭ-->䨣-->訡)

     ᫨ printername  ( ਭ) -  all    -
  ,   ᫮ ।०  ਬ  
ᥬ ਭࠬ.
     ᫨   । ⮤ ।०,    
  ࠧ  ᡮ ਭ.  ᫨  । ⮤,
    -W,   ।०    ࠧ
  ᡮ.

          ⠭  ᡮ

     ᫥ ॣ樨  ᡮ  ਭ  祭  ।-
०  ⭮ 䨪 ᡮ,  ਭ 㤥 ⮢ 
.    ਭ 㤥 ᭮ ⮢   㦨
 ⢫ ⠭    ᯮᮡ:
     - த    ࠭,   ४饭
     -    砫  ,    
     ⨢   ᡮ, 
     -    饭 㦨 ਭ   -
     ୮  ਭ.

                         -15-93-

ਬ砭
  த   孥   ࠭,  
  ਮ⠭,  ॡ ᯮ짮 䨫, 
   ᡮ ਭ ।   ࠡ.  
 䨫,  ⭮,     ⠫쭮  ࠢ
 ᫥⥫쭮⥩,  ᯮ㥬 ਭ஬, ⮬  
 ᫥  ࠭ ࠭  ,   ⠭ -
 騩 䠩.    㬮砭,  ᯮ㥬  㦨
 ,    . ᫨ 㦭 䨫  ᯮ-
 ,   頥  ।०,  ᫨ ⠭  
 室   ॡ.
       ᯮᮡ,   㦨    
⠭ ᫥  ᡮ,     ᫥
:

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -F continue
2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -F beginning
2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -F wait

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Errors
    (ਭ-->䨣-->訡)

      ⮬  㦨    訢,  ᮮ⢥-
⢥,  த  孥  ࠭,   砫
     enable   ୮ 
ਭ  (ᬮ ࠧ "⨥  ⨥ ਭ" ࠭
    祭 ଠ樨   enable).
     ᫨   ,   㦨   -
 ࠡ ᫥ ᡮ ਭ,   ⠥ த 
孥  ࠭ ⠬,   ⠭  ਩
४饭,  砫  .
     ᫨ ⠭ த,  䥩᭠ ணࠬ-
  த 믮 ⠪,      ॣ  
ᡮ  ਭ,     㤥   
   襭.   ஢  -
 㦨  LP 뤠祩  enable.

                         -15-93-

          ࠭祭 㯠 짮⥫

       ࠭ ᯮ짮 ਭ 묨 
 짮⥫ .     ᤥ ,
ਬ,  ᫨ ਭ ।祭   ᮡ ଠ-
樨,   ⮫쪮  짮⥫   ᮡ ଠ-
 ,  ᫨ ᯮ짮 ᮪⢥ ਭ -
,   ᥬ 짮⥫ ࠧ蠥  ᯮ짮.

                         -15-94-

     㦨  ᯮ ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫, -
 ࠧ襭  饭   ਭ  ࠭祭 -
 㯠.  㦨 ਭ ⢥࣠  짮-
⥫   䠩  ਭ,   ஬        
饭.
     ⮤ ᫥  짮⥫,    ࠧ襭  
饭    ਭ,  祭 ⮤,  ᯮ㥬
 ᫥ 짮⥫,   ࠧ襭   饭
  ।⢠ cron  at  ⮤, ᠭ   ࠧ-
 "襭 ". ⪮ ࠢ  ᫥騩 :
     - ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭 ᮤন 짮⥫,  ࠧ-
     襭  ᯮ짮  ਭ.  ᮪  ⮢  ᮤন
     짮⥫,  饭 ᯮ짮 ਭ;
     - ᫨ ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭  ,  ᯨ᮪ ⮢ -
     . ᫨ ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭 , ᯮ ᯨ᮪
     ⮢.  ᫨  ᯨ᪠ ,   ࠭祭   -
     짮 ਭ;
     - 饭 any  all  ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭  ᥬ
     ᯮ짮 ਭ; 饭 any  all  ᯨ᮪ ⪠-
      ⢥࣠ , ஬ 짮⥫ lp  㯥௮짮-
     ⥫ root.
         짮⥫   ᯨ᮪, -
   ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -u allow:user-list
2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername -u deny:user-list

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Users
    (ਭ-->䨣-->짮⥫)

user-list -  ᯨ᮪  짮⥫,  ࠧ ⮩
 ஡.  ᫨  ᯮ ஡  ࠧ ,
  ᯨ᮪ ( allow:   deny:,    -u)  
窨.  ࢠ      ᯨ᮪ ࠧ襭 
㤠   ᯨ᪠ ⪠.      
ᯨ᮪ ⪠  㤠   ᯨ᪠ ࠧ襭. ᯮ짮
allow:all ࠧ蠥  ᥬ;  ᯮ짮  deny:all  ⪠뢠
ᥬ
     ᫨     짮⥫  ᯨ᪨  ࠧ-
襭  ⪠, 㦨  ,   -
 ᯮ짮 ਭ.

                         -15-94-

          ਡ   㬮砭

      짮⥫  뫠      䠩,  
ࠧ ࠭,  蠣 ᨬ  蠣 ப (   ஬⮪
) 筮 ।  ,   ᯥ뢠.
᫨ 짮⥫  ॡ ,       
ࠧ ࠭  ஬⮪ . , ᫨    
  ,   ࠧ ࠭  ஬⮪ ,  
ᯮ 祭  㬮砭.

                         -15-95

        ⠭  祭    㬮砭  
ਭ.   ⠪ 㦨 祭 祭 
  祭  ࠧ  ਭࠬ ࠧ 祭 
㬮砭 ࠧ஢ ࠭  ஬⪮ . 짮⥫
   ࠢ  䠩  ᮮ⢥騩 ਭ 
祭 室 ०. ਬ    
 ਭ ਭ  132 ⮫,  㣮 ਭ
80 ⮫殢   66 ப,    ᫥饣 ᮪⢥
 (12 ᨬ  , 8 ப  ).
       ᨬ  祭   㬮砭: ਭ
࠭,   ࠭,  蠣 ᨬ  蠣 ப.  
⠡஢  稭   㦤.      
   ⮫  ப,    ᠭ⨬. -
     ᨬ  ப      
ᠭ⨬.  ஬  ⮣,  蠣 ᨬ     pica
 10 ᨬ   (cpi),  lite  12 cpi  compressed
 ᨬ㬠 cpi,  ਭ  ᯥ ( ।
 30 cpi).
     ⠭ 祭  㬮砭, ᯮ   
 ᫥ :

2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-o width=scaled-number
2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-o length=scaled-number
2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-o cpi=scaled-number
2     /usr/lib/lpadmin -p 1printername 2-o lpi=scaled-number

     sysadmsh 짮⥫ 롨:
     Printers-->Configure-->Parameters
    (ਭ-->䨣-->ࠬ)

      㪢 "i"  scaled-number (᫮ ⠡஢)
 㪠   㪢  ""    㪠  ᠭ⨬஢.
㪢  "i"   蠣 ᨬ (cpi)  蠣 ப (lpi) -
筠.   ⠪  pica, elite  compressed 
᫠  蠣 ᨬ.
     ᫨   ᯥ稢 祭  㬮砭,   ࠧ
࠭  ஬⮪  롨  樠樨 ਭ-
.   । 祭  㬮砭 । ᭠-
砫  䨣  ਭ    ᮡ⢥ 祭 
㬮砭  ᯮ짮  ணࠬ lpstat   ⮡ࠦ
䨣樨 ਭ. 

                         -15-95-

2     lpstat -p 1printername -l

ᮮ頥 祭  㬮砭 ࠧ ࠭  ஬⪠ -
.  ᫨   ᯥ稫 祭  㬮砭,  뢥
祭   㬮砭          
terminfo  ਭ.  祢,  ॡ   ।⠢-
 ⨯ ਭ  䨣樨 ਭ.

                    -15-96-

             
                  RTS/CTS

      RTS  CTS   ᫥⥫쭮  䥩  RS-232
ࢮ砫쭮 ।砫  ᨣ ⢨ 
ன⢮ 㤮  ନ    (DTE)  (,
ਭ    ..)    ன⢮  㤮 । 
(DCE) ( ᥣ ).   RTS (⮢    뫪)
 DTE,    ⮢ ᫠  DCE. DCE -
  CTS (  뫪),    ⮢  
.  ᫨   CTS 室   ⥭樠,   DTE
 ⠭ 뫪 ,  CTS  ⠭ -
 ⥭樠.
     樮 ⥬ ⠪ ᯮ  RTS   -
⢨   㣮 ࠢ.  ᫨ ਭ ,   
室   ,  ⠭  ⥭樠  -
 CTS. ᫥⥫ ࠩ ⠭  뫪  -
 ,   ਭ  ⥭樠. 樮 -
⥬    ⥭樠      CTS,     ⮢ 
祭 쭥 .
      ਭ ᯮ  DTR  ⢨, 
 RTS  CTS.    ன    ᮥ
 ⠪⮬ DTR ਭ   ⠪⮬ CTS  (ᬮ
㭮 15-3).
      ⠭ ࠢ ⮪ RTS/CTS 믮
     ᫥饥:
  1. ᯮ    ,    ࠢ塞       (ਬ
     /dev/tty1A).  ᫨   ᯮ짮  㫥  
     㯠   ⮬ ਭ,  㡥,     
     ࠢ ,     ⠭ 짮⥫-
     ᪨   ன,   ⮡ࠦ,       ᯮ
     sysadmsh. 롮 Printers-->Configure-->
     Parameters 訢     ன⢠.
  2. ,    ⠭  stty    -ixon   -ixoff
     -clocal rtsflow ctsflow.
  3.  ன⢠, ஥ ᯮ  RTS / CTS 
     ⢨       ᮥ ᫥騬
     ࠧ:

                         -15-97-

                 ன⢮ (। DTE, ⠪
                           , ਭ  ..)

           㣨 ⠪  ᯮ.
.15-2. ⢨ RTS/CTS
     4. ᫨ ன⢮ ᯮ  DTR  ⢨,
     ࠧ   룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
                 ன⢮ (। DTE, ⠪
                           , ਭ  ..)

      1  ᯮ
               㣨 ⠪  ᯮ
.15-3. ⢨ DTR.

  5. ᫨ ଠ,  ᮤঠ ,   蠥 ஡,
     ⠩ 㤠 rtsflow  ப  stty.

                         -15-98-

            

     ᫨  ᯮ ਭ  㫥,    ⠭
stty,      ⮣ ਭ,  . -
 뢠 䠩   믮  stty,    -
  楤 䥩 ਭ.  ᯮ짮 ਭ-
  㫥 믮 樨  ࠧ.
      祭  ⢥  뤠 ᫥騥 
    䠩  樠樨  /etc/rc2.d/S80lp  ।
ப, 뢠饩 /usr/lib/lpsched:

2(stty 1baud ixon ixoff -ixany: cat>/dev/null)</dev/ttyn &

 baud  -    ᪮ । ਭ,   ttyn -  
᫥⥫쭮 ன⢠.       
stty   㤥ন    ᯮ짮  㫥.

ਬ砭
  ᫨  㦭  ,  㡥 ᭠砫,   ⬥-
    .    ࠡ⠥  窨 
  (csh).  頥 ᮮ饭:

     stty: invalid option. csh
          (ୠ )

  ஬ ⮣,    । ⨯⮢  室
    sleep ᫥ ணࠬ 樠樨, ᯥ-
  祭 ⮩, initprogram,  ன ᫥ 
  stty holdopen.

     initprogram &
     sleep 3
     ਢ  楤 ᯥ筠  ᫥⥫
ਭ஢.   楤, ࠡ   ࠫ-
, ⠪   ᫥⥫ ਭ஢,  :

2(stty1 baud onlcr; whole:; do sleep 3600; done)</dev/lp1 &

 ⠭ stty,    ࠫ, ᫥  ᫮ stty
(  ᪮ ।,  ixon,  ixoff,  -ixany, onclr  ⠪
),  lp1 頥  ன⢠ ਭ (⠪, 
tty1a  lp2).

                         -15-99-

             

     ⠭ ன⢠  ࠫ쭮  ਭ  (/dev/lp,
/dev/lp0,  /dev/lp1,  /dev/lp2) 뫠  ப  樠樨
ਭ  init)  ࠧ,   ன⢮ 뢠 ᫥
᪠ ⥬.    ⮫쪮  ࢮ ⨨, -
⮬ ਭ  訬 ⥪⮢묨 ࠬ  뢠 -
뫪 㣮 䠩.
      ࠫ ਭ ॡ 樠樨 -
 ࠧ  祭 䠩  .  㣨 ॡ 樠-
樨,  ᫨ ਭ 몫砥  砥 ᭮ (ਬ
᫥  㬠  ). ⮬ ⮩ 樨 ⮨ 
⮬,    ਭ  ࠡ⠥    몫祭  ୮
祭.
     ᫨  㦭 樠஢ ਭ  , 祬
 ᯥ稢 ⠭ ன⢠,   ᮧ 䠩
⥫쭮 ன⢠  ᯮ㥬 ࠫ쭮
.  砫 䠩 ன⢠  ᯮ짮,
 室 樠஢ ਭ.
  1.   㯥௮짮⥫.
  2. ।,  ன⢠  ᯮ㥬  -
     ࠫ ⮬.   ਬ ,    ன⢮
      ᭮ ࠫ ⮬ ( /dev/lp0).
  3. ᯮ 롮 sysadmsh:

     Printers-->Configure-->Modify
     (ਭ-->䨣-->䨪)

      裡   ࠫ ன init (lp0i, lp1i,
     lp2i)  ਭ஬.
     ᫨ ਭ  ॡ  init  몫祭  祭,
     ᯮ ᫥ ப  ᫥ 祭 ਭ-
     .  樠 ਭ । ⥬,    䠩
     뫠  ਭ ( ਬ  ।  ᭮
     ࠫ ):

     >/dev/lp0i
     ᫨ ਭ ॡ 樠  ࠧ    -
뫪  䠩 (    让 ७  ⥪) 
 ᯮ짮 ன⢮ /dev/lp0i   ६.
      lp(C)  諥    init   ࠧ  뫪
䠩  ਭ.

                         -15-99-

      ਭ   ⮡ࠦ   ப  
 ⥫. ᫨ 襬 ਭ 㦭 ⮡ࠦ "
ப"  " ப"   ⥫,   䨫
crnlmap,      ஢  ⠭  ਭ    
sysadmsh.   ᪠  ⨯ ਭ ("-
" ਭ, Imagen  ਭ (ࠫ 䥩),
Imagen  ਭ (᫥⥫ 䥩)    -
),   other.  ᫥ ᪠    -
䥩᭮ ணࠬ.  䨫 ਭ   /usr/spool
/lp/model/crnlmap.

                             16

         ᯮ짮 ⥫   
            ᪠  ⥫   

                                                     .
㯫.......................................    16-1
ᯮ짮  ⥫  ⭮
 (ਬ஢)...............................    16-2
⠭  䨣.........................    16-2
⭠ ⭠ ........................    16-3
  ⥫  ⭮ .....    16-4
 ⥫  ⭮  QIC-40...    16-4
⥫  ⭮  SCSI...............    16-4
୮ ।஢  ⥬............    16-4
饭  ᠬ㧪.........................    16-4
஢ 䠩 /etc/default/tar............    16-5
 ⥫  ⭮  QIC......    16-5
  ⥫........................    16-6
娢 䠩  ⭮ ..............    16-6
 tar......................................    16-7
㦨 ⥫  ⭮ .......    16-7
ଠ஢ ⭮ ...................    16-8
ᯥ祭  ४樨 訡 () -
⥫  ⭮ ..........................    16-9
ᯮ짮 ⥫   ⭮ c-
...............................................    16-10
ଠ஢ ⥫   ⭮ -
᪥..............................................    16-10
 /etc/default/format.........................    16-11
ᯮ짮   ᪮   ࠭-
 䠩 ................................    16-13
 䠩 ⥬    -
᪠.............................................    16-14
 ਩ 㦠  ᪠.....    16-17

                            -16-1-

                          㯫

        ᫨⥫쭮 ⥬    -
  ᮧ १ࢭ  䠩  ⠭ 䠩-
   室.   ᪮쪮 ⨯  -
,  ᯮ㥬  ࠭  ⠯ ࠡ⪨ 䠩. 
 ⥫ ⭮ ⥫     -
  ⥫   .    -
  ࠧ 짮⥫ 믮 ⠭  ⢨
ࠡ  묨 ⨯  ன  ᢮ -
 ⥬.   ⮩ ⥬,  ன 㤥 ࠡ 짮-
⥫,   ࠩ   㦥 ⠭ -
⥫   ⭮ ᪥  ⮢  ࠡ.    
 ᮤঠ ᢥ  ⮬,  ࠧ  
 ⥬ ⥫      ࠧ  ࠡ-
  ⥫ﬨ    ᪠.

                            -16-2-

     ᯮ짮  ⥫  ⭮

                        (ਬ஢)

      ⥫  ⭮    ன-
⢮ ᮢ ,  ஬  ࠭  ᯮ-
 ⭠  ਭ 0,25 .   ன⢠ ⠪
뢠 ⥫ﬨ  ⭮  QIC ( ⮩  -
 ).  ⥫  ⭮   ࠭  
 ࠧ  ,  祬  ⢮, ஥  
   ⭮ ᪥,  ⮬  ன⢮
楫ᮮࠧ  ᯮ짮  ᮧ १ࢭ  䠩
 ࠧ஢.
     ன⢠,  ᯥ祭  ⥬, ਢ  "-
砭   樮 ⥬".  ᫨  
ᯥ᪠  ଠ,  ⭮    ࠡ 
।,   室  ࠧ  ⥫  -
⭮  tape (HW), 室騩   㪮⢥.

                    ⠭  䨣

      楫 祭 室 ᢥ  ,  믮-
 䨧 ⠭,  ⠪ 饩 ଠ樨   -
짮,  ४  ।⥫쭮  㪮⢮
  ।⢠ ⥫.
     ⮡  ⥫ ⥫, 짮⥫ -
室   ୥ ४  맢 ᫥ ⨫-
:
         mkdev tape

     짮⥫ ⥬  sysadmsh 롨:
     ⥬ ->  ।⢠ -> ⭠ 
     ᫥ ⮣  ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 -
:
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|  ணࠬ 䨣樨 ⥫  ⭮  
|    1. ⠭ ⥫  ⭮ .
|    2. ᪫ ⥫  ⭮ .
|    ⮡   ,  "q ":
     ᫨ 짮⥫  "1",   ⥬ 㤥 祭 -
⥫ ⥫.  ᫥ ⮣ 짮⥫  
ਢ  ,   ⢥   ᮤঠ ᢥ-
  ⮬,  ⨯ ⥫ ॡ ⠭:

+---------------------------------------------------------------
|    1. ⠭  ⥫  ⭮ .
|    2. ⠭   ⥫  ⭮ .
|    3. ⠭ ⥫  ⭮  QIC-40.
|    4. ⠭ ⥫  ⭮  SCSI.
|    ⮡   ,  " q ".

                            -16-3-

       ,    ࠭  ,  ᮤঠ
  ⠭ 䨣樨  ⥫  -
 .  । ⥬,  ᤥ 室 롮 ⥫
 ⭮ ,  짮⥫  室    ࠧ
"୮ ।஢  ⥬"  "饭  ᠬ-
㧪".

                   ⭠ ⭠ 

      ࠧ " ⥫  ⭮ " ᮤ-
  ᢥ   ࠧ  ⥫  -
⭮  ⨯ QIC-02.  । ⥬  㯨  ⠭
⥫  ⭮  QIC,  짮⥫ 室 -
  ᫥饩 孨᪮ ଠ樥:
     . ஬ 뢠.   뢠, ਭ  㬮-
砭,  ⠭   ஫ ⥫  ⭮
.  ᫨   뢠, 㦥 ᯮ  -
,  짮⥫   ⠭  뢠
    ஫.      ᫨  ⠭
㣨 ன⢠,   뢠 0,1  6 ᥣ १ࢨ-
஢  ६ ࠡ 樮 ⥬.  ᫨ 짮⥫
⠭  뢠 ⫨   ⮣,    -
짮  㬮砭,    室  ⠭
 뢠,  ⠪    ॡ   
ࠬ஢, ᯮ㥬  ண ⨫ mkdev.
     .  (אַ 㯠   )    ᮬ  
-뢮.   ஫ ⥫  ⭮ -
  室 ࠬ ⠭, 祭  ਭ-
  㬮砭,  ᯮ㥬    ᮬ  -
-뢮.  ᫨  짮⥫  室     祭
ࠬ஢ ⠭  襩 䫨⭮ 樨  -
騬 묨 ।⢠,   室 䨪-
 ࠭ ࠬ ⠭     ६ ண-
 ⨫ mkdey (DM).
     ᫨ ᯮ  ࠬ ⠭   ஫-
, ਭ  㬮砭,  짮⥫ 室  -
     ⢥ q  楫 ⠭ ࠬ஢ ⭮
, ਭ  ⥬  㬮砭.
     ᫨ 짮⥫     ஫ -
 ⠭,  ਭ  ⥬  㬮砭,   ஬
  롥   "䨪 ⥪ ࠬ஢ ⭮
". ᫥ ⮣   롮 ᤥ ,    뢥-
 ࠬ ⭮ ,  ਭ  㬮砭. 짮-
⥫         ࠬ  ⭮
,   뫨    ஫.  -
,    ⮬ 砥, ᫨ 짮⥫   
   ⭠,  室  । -
 䨪 "".   ⮬ 砥, ᫨    -
  ᮬ,  짮⥫   ॡ ⠭ -
䨪 "" । ᫮.  ,  ᫨ 짮⥫
ࠫ 뢠  2    ᢮  ஫,    ॡ
 뢠 25  ६ 䨪樨 ࠬ஬ ⭮

                            -16-3a-

. 뢠 25 ணࠬ । ᮮ⢥ 뢠-
 2  ।.   㣨  뢠  ᯮ
          ணࠬ   ।⢠.
     짮⥫   楫  祭 ଠ樨  뢠,
    室  "ਫ    -
 ।⢠", ஥ 室  "砭  -
".

                            -16-4-

            ⥫  ⭮ 

       ⥫   ⭮    ᯮ
஫  ⥫   ⭮ ᪥   -
⥫ ⫨  ⠭  ⥫      
QIC.  ன⢠ ⠪ 뢠 ⥫ﬨ  -
   ⥫ﬨ   ⭮    "ࢨ".  
  ⥫  ॡ  ⠭ 䨣  
ॡ  ࠬ஢ ⥫. । ⥬,  -
   ࠡ    ⥫  ⭮ ,
 ன⢠    ଠ஢,    -
,     ࠧ  ⠭  -
⥫  ⭮ .

          ⥫  ⭮  QIC-40

      ன⢠ ᯮ  ,  ଠ ன
⫨砥  ଠ  ,  ᠭ . ⠭-
 䨣  ன⢠ ⠪  ॡ.

               ⥫  ⭮  SCSI

     ⥫  ⭮   ᮥ    
SCSI  (䥩   ᫨⥫ ⥬).  । ⥬
 㯨  ࠡ   ன⢮, 짮⥫ -
  㧭   䨪 (ID) ன⢠ (0-7)  
 ⥫, ᮥ塞   ⥫.

               ୮ ।஢  ⥬

     ᫥ ⮣,   ᤥ 롮 ⥫  祭 -
⥫쭠 ଠ,  ⭮  ࠡ  ⥫,
짮⥫ 砥 㪠  ࠧ襭  ୮ ।-
஢  ⥬. ⥫  ⭮  ᫥ -
१㧪 ⥬  ᯮ짮  ࠡ.

                      饭  ᠬ㧪

     ᫨  ⥬ ᯮ ⥫  ⭮ 
(  ࠩ ன⢠ ।஢  ),  ᮮ-
 ᥣ ⮡ࠦ  ࠭   ६  믮-
 㧪 ⥬,  ⮬ ᥣ 㪠뢠 ᯮ
ன⢮.   ண ⨫ hwconfig()   ଠ
⠪    ࠭ .   ⠡ 16.1 ᮤঠ
ᮮ饭, 뢮  ࠭   㪠 ⨯ -
⥫  ⭮ .

                            -16-5-

                          16.1

     饭  㧪 ⥫  ⭮ 

                    饭 뢮  ࠭ 
                              ६ ᠬ㧪
        -------------------------------------------------------
        QIC-02         %tape    -   -   -   type=W
        mini           %ctmini  -   -   -   type=ir
        QIC-40         %ctmini  -   -   -   type=qic40

                ஢ 䠩 /etc/default/tar

     ᫥ ⮣,   뫠 믮  ⠭  ⥫  
⭮ , 室  ࠭ ࠬ ⠭-
  䠩 /etc/default/tar.   ६ 믮 ।஢
䠩  짮⥫ 㢨  ࠭   -
, ⭮騥  ࠧ ⥫,ᯮ㥬묨  c⥬
  㬮砭.    㭪 16-1  䠩 /etc/default/tar,
 ⠢ 짮⥫.

+----------------------------------------------------------+
| # ன⢮                 ࠧ   ⭠ |
| archive0=/dev/rfd048ds9   18     360      n              |
| archive1=/dev/rfd048ds9   18     360      n              |
| archive2=/dev/rfd096ds15  10     1200     n              |
| archive3=/dev/rfd196ds15  10     1200     n              |
| archive4=/dev/rfd096ds9   18     720      n              |
| archive5=/dev/rfd196ds9   18     720      n              |
| archive6=/dev/rfd0135ds18 18     1440     n              |
| archive7=/dev/rfd1135ds18 18     1440     n              |
| archive8=/dev/rct0        20     0        y              |
| archive9=/dev/rfdmini     20     0        y              |
| # ன⢮, ᯮ-                                    |
|   㥬  㬮砭...                                 |
| archive=/dev/rfd09615     10     1200     n              |
+----------------------------------------------------------+

               . 16-1.  /etc/default/tar

           ⥫  ⭮  QIC

      /dev/rct0 ᯮ  祭 㯠  -
⭮ ⥫  ⭮  QIC.   -
  ⠡ 16.2.

                            -16-6-

                          16.2

                        QIC
          -----------------------------------------------
                                  ࠧ
          -----------------------------------------------
               300                        30000
               450                        45000
               600                        60000

                     ⥫

     짮⥫    /etc/default/tar, 
ᯮ  䠩  饭  ன /dev/rctmini. 
䠩 ਬ, ਢ ,    
archive9.   ,   祭 ࠧ, ஥ -
  ன⢥ rctmini,  ࠢ 0. ᫨  -
  䠩,   ண ⠭ ࠬ, ਭ 
㬮砭,    ६ ⠭ ன⢠ rctmini  ॡ
  .  ४஢ ᫮,  ᯮ㥬
 ன⢠ rctmini, ⫨砥  ࠧ  ⭮  ,
ᯮ㥬 짮⥫.

                           16.3

                        
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ⭮        㠫쭠         
                             ࠧ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

10               8                  8000
20              17                 17000
40              35                 35000
80              72                 72000

     ⨫ xbackup  restore ᮤঠ  䠩  -
.    楫  祭  ⥫쭮 ଠ樨  䠩,
ਭ  ⥬  㬮砭,  짮⥫   
"ࠢ筮 㪮⢥  짮⥫" ⨫ default(F), 
⠪ ᢥ,    ᮧ १ࢭ  䠩-
   ⠭ 䠩  १ࢭ .

              娢 䠩  ⭮ 

        ⥫    ⭮    ⥫쭮
⥯ ᮢ  ࠡ⮩  ⥫     ⭮
᪥,  ꥬ , ࠭  ⭮  -
⥫쭮  ꥬ  ࠭塞    ⭮
᪥.      ࠭ ⥫쭮 -
⢮ ,  ࠭  ᥩ 䠩 ⥬,    ६
ᮧ १ࢭ  䠩.   tar() ४

                            -16-6a-

짮     ,    ॡ  娢஢
ணࠬ.    ᯮᮡ 訬 ᯮᮡ 
믮 娢樨  ࠭ᯮ஢ 䠩.  㣨  ண-
ࠬ ⠪,  u(D)  restore(D) ।祭 -
 ࠧ ⥬ ࠬ  ᮧ    ᥩ
䠩 ⥬.   楫 祭 㠫 ᢥ  ᮧ-
 १ࢭ  䠩 ⥬ 짮⥫   -
 ࠧ " १ࢭ  䠩 ⥬".
      CPIO()  ணࠬ 娢樨 饣  -
祭, ଠ  ன  ⫨砥    ଠ   tar.
ணࠬ dd() ᯮ  ।    ८-

                            -16-7-

  娢㥬  筮 ଠ;  室  -
室 ଠ   ᠭ  ப .

                        tar

      tar    짮    ,  
ॡ ᮧ १ࢭ     ४਩.  ⠪
 tar ਢ .

          tar cvf 䠩_ன⢠ 䠩

     ࠭ "䠩_ன⢠"    䠩,  ஥
ᮮ⢥ ⭮ ⥫.  ࠭ "䠩" 뢠
 䠩  ४਩,   ஢  -
 ࠡ. ਬ, ⮡ ᪮஢  䠩, 室騥 
४ਨ  /u  /bogart,    ⥫,  뢠
࠭ /dev/rct0,  ॡ    tar  ᫥饣
ଠ:

     짮⥫ ⥬  sysadmsh 롨:
                ⥫ -> 娢

     ⮡ ⠭ 䠩 ࠭騥    ⭮  ,
室 ⠭ ,  ன ᮤঠ ⠭-
 䠩  ४ਨ,  室  ᫥ -
:

          tar xvf 䠩_ன⢠

     짮⥫ ⥬  sysadmsh 롨:

                ⥫ -> 祭

 tar ⠭  䠩,  ࠭騥  ⭮
  室 ४.

           㦨 ⥫  ⭮ 

     ⨫ tape()  믮 ࠧࠧ ⢨  -
㦨 ⭮   ᥬ  ⥫ﬨ    ⭮
.  ⨫  tape 뫠   ਭ ﭨ 
⥫  ⭮ .    ଠ    
᫥騩 :

          tape  [ 䠩_ன⢠ ]

     ਬ, ⮡ ६   ,  -

                            -16-7a-

室   tape ᫥饣 ଠ:

          tape rewind

      ਢ ᯨ᮪ 㣨 , ᯮ㥬  -
 tape.
          erase -   ᯮ  ࠭  -
                  ଠ樨,  室饩  ⭮ ⭮
                  .    ⠪ ᯮ 
                  믮   ୮  殮  ⭮
                  .
          reset -    뢠 ஫ -
                     ⥫    ⭮  .
                    頥 ᫮ 訡  -
                  頥  ⥬  ﭨ -
                  祭 ய⠭ .

                            -16-8-

          reten -   믮  ୮ 殮
                  ⭮  ⭮  .   
                  ४ 짮  ⢥  ।-
                  ⢠, ஥ ᯮ  ࠭ -
                  ᠭ ⭮   祭 ⥫쭮
                  ६; ஢ᠭ 筮 ਢ  -
                   筮 讣  ⢠  訡
                   ⭮ .
     ᫥ 믮  権   ⭮  ⮩,
⥬ 頥 ᪠ । ⥬,  ஫ 
믮  樨.  ᫨ 짮⥫   -
  ,     ६  믮 ।饩 
  뫮 襭,    ࠭   㤥  
ᮮ饭 "ன⢮ ".  ᮮ饭 㤥 뢮-
  ࠭    ,     믮-
 ।饩 .
     ⮡ ᪫  訡, 騥  ६ -
  ⭮ ⮩,  짮⥫ ४ ।-
⥫쭮   裡  ⥫   ⭮ 
 ୮     .

                 ଠ஢ ⭮ 

     । ࠡ⮩    ⮩   ⥫  ⭮
 (ctmini)     ଠ஢.  -
 ⨫ tape(C)  ଠ஢ ⭮ ⭮
.  ਬ, ਢ , ⨫ tape 믮 -
஢ ⭮ ⭮ :

          tape format

      ⭮   ᮤঠ ࢮ-ଠ -
ᠭ     ।  믮  ଠ஢
(    ⭮        ⠬  QIC-40  
QIC-80),  ᫨    ࠭  뫠 ᠭ  ࢮ-
-. ᫨      뫠 ।⥫쭮 ᠭ
ࢮ-,   짮⥫     
    㭪樨 ⪨ ଠ樨 讣 ꥬ,  ।
⥬  ⢨  ࢮ-  ࠧ.  ਬ, -
 㤥 ਢ ,   믮 ࢮ- -
,   ᯮ  ⪨ 讣 ꥬ -
 .

        tape servo

      楫 祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨, 짮⥫
⠪ ४  ⨫ tape(HW)  tape().
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     砭: 짮⥫   뢠 ଠ-
 ன⢮ (ਬ,  /dev/rft0)  ६ ᯮ짮
 tape.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            -16-9-

            ᯥ祭  ४樨 訡 ()
                 ⥫  ⭮ 

      ⥬ ⠪ ᯥ祭 প  ४樨 訡
()  ⭮ .   ६ ண ⨫ mkdev tape
⮬᪨  ᮧ  㧥     ४樨   訡   
/dev/erct0.  ⮡ ᯮ짮  ४樨 訡 , -
室      ன⢮ ,  ᯮ
 ⮣  㧥 /dev/rct0.  짮⥫,  ࠡ-
  ⥫ﬨ  ⭮   ꥬ   
60 , ᫥ 믮 ।஢ 䠩 /etc/default/tar,
⠢  /dev/erct0/,  ᯮ㥬  筮 -
⥫  ⭮ .
     奬 ⠭ 訡  奬  2/64, 
砥,        ࠧ஬  512  ᪫ 
 64     ६ ࠡ ⥫   -
ঠ ଠ  訡,   㤥 ४஢ -
⥫. ⭮  訡  ᯮ짮 
४樨  訡  ⠢ 0,00000000000001.  ⭮
 訡  ᯮ짮  ⠭⭮ ⥫
 ⭮  ⠢ 0,000000001.
         ,   ନ
  ன⢠    ᯮ짮   ४樨 訡 .
      ⠭    ⠭
⥫.    ,  ᫨  믮 ࠭ᯮ஢
   設  ,  ࠧ㬭 ᯮ짮 -
⥫   ४樨 訡  ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ 
⠫  ᯥ祭  奬    ४樨  訡
.

                            -16-10-

      ᯮ짮 ⥫    ᪠

     ⥫     ᪠ (䫮 ᪠) -
  㤮 ⨯ ⥫ .   ᨬ
 ⮣  ⥫   ⭮ ᪥ ᯮ
 ६ ࠡ, ꥬ  ⥫    -
ࢠ    360   1,4 . ⥫  
 ᪠   ᯮ짮  ⢥ ⮩ -
 ,  ᯮ㥬  ଠ  tar,  cpio, dd 
dump.   ᯮ짮 ⥫     ⭮  ᪥
 ந 㥬 䠩 ⥬.  ਢ -
 ࠧ   ᯮ짮  ⥫    
 ᪠, ᯮ㥬  ⢥     -
⢥ ⥫쭮 ࠭⢠,  뤥塞 䠩 -
⥬.

      ଠ஢ ⥫   ⭮ ᪥

     । ⥬,   㯨  ࠡ  ⥫ﬨ  -
  ᪠,  ᪨   ଠ஢.
 樮 ⥬ UNIX ,  ᯮ㥬  ଠ-
஢  ⭮ ᪠,  ᫥騩 :

          format/dev/__

     짮⥫ ⥬  sysadmsh 롨:

          ⥫ -> ଠ

     ࠭ __, 㪠   format,
ᯮ    ᠭ  ⨯ ᪮ ⥫  ᠬ
 ᪠. ਬ, ᫨  ᯮ殮 짮⥫ -
 ⥫   ⭮ ᪥ ࠧ஬  5,25 -
,   ᯮ짮    ० ᮪ ⭮-
  (96  ஦    )     ०  ⭮ (48
஦  ).  ᫨  ⥫  ⭮ ᪥ ᯮ-
  ᪨ ᮪ ⭮,   ⥫  
⭮ ᪥   ᠭ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

          /dev/rfd096

      ਬ ਢ ,  ࠭ rfd 㪠뢠    
ଠ஢ ⥫   ⭮ ᪥,  0 㪠-
  ,  ᯮ ᭮ ⥫   -
⭮ ᪥  96 㪠뢠  ,   ᯮ ० -
 ⭮.  筮,  ᫨  室  ᯮ짮  
६  ࠡ   ᪨   ⭮ -
,   ⠪ ᯮ짮 ०  ⭮ ⥫  
 ⭮ ᪥,  ॡ  ᫥饥  -
ன⢠:

          /dev/rfd048

                            -16-10a-

  ਬ ᫮ 48 㪠뢠  ,   㤥 ᯮ짮-
  ०  ⭮  ⥫   -
⭮ ᪥ 0.

                            -16-11-

                    /ect/default/format

     짮⥫  । ᯮ㥬 ଠ  -
⥫,  ਭ 祭  ⥬, ⠭  㬮砭,
⥬    䠩 /etc/dafault/format. ਬ:

          DEVICE=/dev/rfd096ds15

     ᫥   ப,  ᠭ  ,   짮⥫
    ॡ  뢠  ன⢠.  ⥫쭮
 । ᫮ ஢ન    -
,  ஥  砥  ⮬,   뤠 ⢥ত 
⥭ ,  室   ⭮ ᪥.  (
  ⠪   ᠭ  ப   -
 樨 -Y).  믮 ⮬᪮ ஢ન   
ᠭ ᫥饩 :

          VERIFY=Y

     ᫨       䠩 /etc/default/format,
  䠩, ଠ஢  믮﫮   -
 format,   ஢  ६ ࠡ. (⮡ ⪫-
 ஢ 䠩,  室   -n  ப  -
).
      楫 祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨,  室 
"ࠢ筮 㪮⢥  짮⥫"  ᢥ, -
騥   format(C).

              ஢   ᪮

     ⮡  㢥७  ⮬,    ,  室騥  
  ᪠  ,  짮⥫ c⥬
 ᯮ짮  diskcp()   dd()   -
  ஢ ᮤন  ᪮   -
ଠ஢ ᪨.
      diskcp    ६ ᢮ 믮 ᯮ -
 dd  ᯥ稢 ⮩ 䥩    ணࠬ.
 dd 믮 祭  㭪樨  ஢ 
   楫ᮮࠧ ᯮ짮  믮 ࠧ-
ࠧ ⢨  ஢ 䠩.
     짮⥫  믮 ஢ ଠ樨  -
ଠ஢ ᪨.  ᫨ 짮⥫ ଠ஢ 
 ᪨,      ᪨    
ᯮ짮   १   ஬筮 ଠ-
஢.
     ᫨   ᯮ殮 짮⥫   
᪨,  뫨 ଠ஢  ࠢ 㣮 -
樮  ⥬,  । ⥬  ᯮ짮  
 ᪨  樮  ⥬  UNIX    ஢
䠩,   ᪨   ଠ஢.  짮-
⥫   㢥७  ⮬,     ᪨, -

                            -16-11a-

ଠ஢  ࠢ - 樮 -
,    ᯮ    ६  ࠡ  㣮   樮
⥬,  ᫥ ଠ஢   ᪮.

                            -16-12-

      믮 ଠ஢   ᪮ -
 ᯮ짮  format.   ᠭ  ࠧ-
 "ଠ஢   ᪮", 室饬  -
  .    diskcp    ⠪   ᯮ짮   
ଠ஢   ᪮. ⢨  diskcp
   ਢ  蠣.
     ⮡ ᪮஢  ᮤন  ⭮ ᪠ -
 diskcp,  짮⥫  믮  ᫥騥  -
⢨:
     짮⥫ c⥬  sysadmsh 롨:

          ⥫ -> 㡫஢

     1. ⠭      ஢,  -
 ⠪  室 䫮 ,  ⥫ 0. 
⥫   ⭮ ᪥  ᭮  -
⥫ 䫮 ᪠.
     2. ⠭ 㣮 䫮      㣮  ⥫.
  䫮  ⠪ ⥭  蠡 .  
  ⮬,   ଠ 㦥 室  蠡-
 ᪥ 㤥 ࠧ襭.
     ᫨   짮⥫  ⮫쪮   -
⥫     ⭮ ᪥,  ⠢ 室 䫮
  ⥫.   diskcp 㤥 뤠  ᮮ饭  
⨨ 室 ᪠  ॡ㥬 ६.
     3. ଠ 䫮  । ⥬,    ᯮ짮
  ஢.  믮 ଠ஢ 짮⥫
 뤠 :

          disk -f

     ᫥    짮⥫     
 <RETURN>.
     ᫨   짮⥫    ⥫ 
 ⭮ ⭮ ᪥,  ॡ  ਢ-
    ஢ 室  ।⢥-
  蠡 :

          disk -d

     ᫥      짮⥫   
 <RETURN>.
     ᫨ 짮⥫  室 믮 ଠ஢-
 蠡 䫮 ᪠,  ᫥  :

          diskcp

     ᫥    짮⥫   
 <RETURN>.
     4.    権  ࠭  -
⥫  ४  㪮᭨⥫쭮 믮 .  

                            -16-12a-

,  ⥬  ⢥ ⥫   -
⭮ ᪥,  뤠 ᮮ饭  ⮬,   ॡ  -
室   ⠭ 蠡 .

                            -16-13-

     ⮡ ᪮஢   dd, 짮⥫ 室-
 믮 ᫥騥 ⢨:
     1. ⠭   ,  㤥 ᯮ-
  ஢,  ⥫ 0.
     2. ⠭ ଠ஢       
⥫ 1.  ᫨  室, 짮⥫  ଠ-
஢       format, -
 ᠭ     ࠧ   "ଠ஢-
 ⥫   ⭮ ᪥".
     3.  :

          dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/fd1 count=稪_

     ᫥           <RETURN>.  ࠭
稪_ 뢠 ⢮      ⭮
᪥,    ᪮஢. ᫨  ᫮  -
,    ࠭   饭   ଠ  .
   믮 ஢ ࢮ ᪠  ன 
᫥ ⮣ 뢮  ࠭   ⢠  ᪮-
஢ .

           ᯮ짮   ᪮ 
                     ࠭ 䠫 

     ⮡ ᯮ짮     ⢥  -
⮩   ࠭ 䠩,  ॡ   । -
ଠ஢   .  ⥬ 室  ⠭-
       ⥫.   ᯮ짮
 ⠭ 䠩 樮 ⥬ UNIX, 娢 
⨫⠬    ᪨.  楫 믮 娢-
樨 䠩  ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 ⨫: tar, cpio  
backup.
     ⨫ tar ४ ᯮ짮  믮  -
娢樨 設⢠ .  ਬ, ⮡ ᤥ  䠩
    ᮪ ⭮    ଠ  ⨫
tar, 짮⥫  뤠 ᫥ :

          tar cv _䠩

     짮⥫ ⥬  sysadmsh  :

          ⥫ -> 娢

      楫  祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨  ࠡ -
 tar,  짮⥫    㬥  "ࠢ筮
㪮⢮  짮⥫" ࠧ tar().  楫 祭
⥫쭮 ଠ樨  ଠ ⨫ cpio,  dd  backup,
짮⥫  ४   ᮮ⢥騥 ࠭ 
㬥 "ࠢ筮 㪮⢮  짮⥫".

                            -16-14-

      䠩 ⥬    ᪠

     짮⥫  ᮧ 䠩 ⥬   -
⭮ ᪥ 筮 ⠪,    ⪮ ⭮ ᪥. -
 ⥬,  ᮧ    ᪠,  
७ᨬ    ᬮ஢   樮 -
⥬ UNIX. 樠쭠 ४, 뢠 /mnt, ᯮ-
  ஢ 䠩 ⥬,    ᠭ
窨 ஢.   ,    楫 ᯥ祭
⥬ ᭮,  짮⥫   ६ ᯮ짮-
 䠩 ⥬    ᪠   "-
" ४.
      ਬ,  ਢ ,  ᠭ ᮧ  䠩,
ᮧ    ⭮ ᪥ ࠧ஬  5,25  
᮪ ⭮ ,  ⠢饩 96 ஦  .  
 ਬ    ।⥫쭮 ᬮ஢
 ⥫.
     ⮡ ᮧ  ७ᨬ 䠩 ⥬   -
⭮ ᪥,  室 ᯮ짮 ᫥饩 楤ன:
     1.  :

          mkdev fd

     짮⥫ ⥬ sysadmsh  ᤥ ᫥騩 -
:
        ⥬ -> ⥫   ⭮ ᪥

     2. ᫥ ⮣  ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥
:

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  롮 ⨯ 䠩 ⥬   ⭮
     | ᪥.
     | 1. 48 ஦  ,  ᯮ  ஭ 
     |    ⭮ ᪠, 9 ᥪ஢  ஦.
     | 2. 96 ஦  ,  ᯮ  ஭ 
     |    ⭮ ᪠, 15 ᥪ஢  ஦.
     | 3. 135 ஦  , ᯮ  ஭ 
     |    ⭮ ᪠,  9  ᥪ஢    ஦  (᪥
     |    3,5")
     |    ᨬ "q", ⮡    -
     | .

      ᫮ 2     <RETURN>.
     3.  ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥ ᪠:

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     | ⠭    96ds/5  ⥫ 0.
     |   <RETURN>   楫 த ⢨ 
     |  ᨬ "q"  室  .

                            -16-15-

        <RETURN>.
     4. ᫥  믮   ⢨  ࠭ 
⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 :

     +----------------------------------------------------------
     |  롮  ᮤঠ  䠩  ⥬   
     | ⭮ ᪥.
     | 1. 쪮 䠩 ⥬.
     | 2. 쪮 㦠.
     |    ᨬ "q",  ⮡    .

      1     .
     5.  ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥ ᪠:

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  室 믮 ᭠砫 ଠ஢  
     | ⭮ ᪠? (y/n)

     ᫨  ᯮ殮 짮⥫ 㦥 室  ଠ-
஢   ,  室 ⢥ n ().
 ⮬ 砥 䠩 c⥬ 㤥  ᮧ  ⥫쭮.
᫨       ଠ஢,   -
⥫   y ().  ᫥  ⢥   ࠭
 㤥 ⮡ࠦ ᫥饥 :

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     | ଠ஢ /dev/rfd096s15...
     | ஦ 00  00

      ஦    뢠    -
 ଠ஢ ⭮ ᪠.  ᫥ ⮣,  -
஢  ⭮ ᪠ 㤥 襭,  ࠭
 ⮡ࠧ ᫮ "done" (믮).
     6. ᫥ 믮  ⢨   ࠭  
⮡ࠧ  ᪠,  ᯮ㥬     ⨯ 䠩
⥬.

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  ॡ  ᯮ짮  ६ ࠡ ⨯ 䠩
     | c⥬,  ਭ  㬮砭,     ୥
     | ४ਨ? (y/n )?

     ᫨ 짮⥫ ⢥砥 n (),     ᫥饬  
㤥 뤠 ,  ஬ ॡ । ⨯ 䠩
c⥬.

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |   ⨯  䠩  c⥬, 饩  
     | ᨬ <AFS, S51K, XENIX>,   ᨬ "q"  
     | 室  .

     짮⥫  ⨯  䠩 c⥬      

                            -16-15a-

 <RETURN>.
     7. ᫥ 襭  ⢨,   ࠭ 
⮡ࠧ ᫥ ᪠:

                            -16-16-
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  䠩 ⥬ 襭

     8. ᫥ ⮣ ᭮  ࠭  ᭮  :
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  롮 ᮤঠ 䠩 ⥬.
     |   1. 쪮 䠩 ⥬.
     |   2. 쪮 㦠.
        ᨬ q     <RETURN>, ⮡
  .  ᫥ 믮  ⢨   -
⭮ ᪥ 㤥 ନ஢ 䠩 c⥬.
     ⮡ ᯮ짮  䠩 ⥬,  ᮧ  
⭮  ᪥,,  室  ᬮ஢    
. ஢  ⭮ ᪠  ⭮ 
96 ஦  , 믮 ᫥饩 :

          mount /dev/fd096 /mnt

     짮⥫ c⥬ sysadmsh  ᤥ ᫥騩 -
:
           c⥬ -> ஢

      ,    ਬ ᯮ 
  fd96,    rfd96.  ᫨ 짮⥫  믮
஢ 䠩 ⥬, ନ஢   -
 ᪥,    ⮬ 砥 室  ᯮ짮    
䨪 "r".  㣮 砥, ᫨ 室 믮 -
஢ 䠩 ⥬,  ନ஢     ⭮
᪥  ⭮  48 ஦  ,  室 -
 ᫥ :

          mount /dev/fd048 /mnt

     ᫥ ⮣,  짮⥫ 뤠  mount,  -
  ᭮ ⮡ࠧ ᪠.   ᪠
 ࠭  㪠뢠  ,  䠩 ⥬ 뫠
ᯥ譮  ᬮ஢.  짮⥫      -
짮  cd  室  䠩 ⥬    ᮧ
䠩      ।  ࠧ.    ,  
짮⥫  ᢮ ࠡ   室  
 ,   뤠 ᫥ :

          unmount /dev/fd096

     짮⥫ c⥬ sysadmsh  ᤥ 롮:

           ⥬ -> ஢

     ᫥   롮  䠩 c⥬ 짮⥫ 㤥
 ࠧ஢.  ᫥  ࠧ஢  ன⢠,
䠩 짮⥫, ᠭ   ⭮ ᪥, 
 ७     㣮.

                            -16-17-

          ਩ 㦠  ᪠

     ⨫ mkdev(DM) ᯮ    ᮧ  ਩
㦠  ᪠,   짮⥫ ᤥ-
 ⠭ ० ୥ 䠩  c⥬ 
믮  ୮  ⠭  樮 ⥬.  ᫨ 
ᯮ殮 짮⥫ 室      樮
⥬,   ४ ᤥ   ਩ -
㦠      .      
    ।ᬮ७ 㭨 "਩" 
 ,      ᮧ  믮-
 ୮ ᠬ㧪  - 樮 ⥬
 㤥 ࠡ  㣮 ⥬.  짮⥫ ४
ᯥ  ࠧ쭮 ࠭   ᪮  -
, ⮡  맢 ⠭  ६ ࠡ. ᫨ ᯮ-
  ਩      ࠢ ,
        㤥  ࠡ    
⢨  ਢ  殮 ᫥⢨.
     ⮡ ᮧ   ,  室 ᯮ짮-
  ணࠬ-ࠢ塞    ⨫  mkdev   롮ન
⢨  ଠ஢ ᪠   ।  ⨯  䠩
⥬.      ⨯,     -
짮   ࠡ.   ⨯ ᫥騥: 㦠-
    ୥    ⢥  ᪥  ( ⭮ 
⮫쪮 96 ஦  ),  㦠   ୥    (
⭮  48 ஦  )  ⮫쪮 䠩 -
 ( ⮬ ,   ஬  뫠 ᠭ ).  ନ㥬
ଠ  ᪮  ᫥騥:  48 ஦  ,  96 ஦ 
  15 ᥪ  ஦  135 ஦        9
ᥪ  ஦  ଠ 3 1/2.  ⮡ ᮧ  -
 , 室  ᫥ :

          mkdev fd

     짮⥫ c⥬ sysadmsh  ᤥ ᫥騩 -
:
           ⥬ ->   

     ᫥ ⮣,    롮 ᤥ,  ࠭ 
⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 :
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  롮 ⨯ 䠩 c⥬   ⭮
     | ᪥.
     |    1. 48  ஦  ,  ᯮ  ஭,  9
     |    ᥪ஢  ஦.
     |    2. 96 ஦  , ᯮ  ஭  -
     |     ⭮ ᪠,  15 ᥪ஢  ஦.
     |    3. 135 ஦  , ᯮ  ஭ -
     |     ⭮ ᪠, 9 ᥪ஢  ஦ (᪥
     |    3,5")
     |    ᨬ "q", ⮡    -
     | .

                            -16-17a-

      室 ⨯      <RETURN>. ᫥
⮣    ࠭  짮⥫  ਢ
 ᪠  믮 ⢨  ᪮.
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     | ⠢        ⭮  
     | ஦    ⥫ 0.   த  -
     | ⢨    <RETURN>.

                            -16-18-

      ⠭ ᢮     ⥫  -
   .  ⢥   ⢨ ணࠬ -
 ᫥饥 :
     +----------------------------------------------------------
     |  롮 ᮤঠ 䠩 c⥬  
     | ⭮ ᪥.
     | 1. 쪮 䠩 c⥬.
     | 2. 쪮 㦠.
     |    ᨬ "q",⮡    .

     롥  2     <RETURN>.  ᫥ ⮣
㤥  ନ஢ 㦠    ⥬ ᮧ-
 䠩 ⥬  ஢ 室 䠩  -
 䠩 ⥬.  ⨫ mkdev ⠪ 믮 ஢
䠩 c⥬,  ᯮ  ⮣  ⨫  fsck(DM).  
६  믮  㧪   ⭮ ᪠  ࠭
  뤠 ᮮ饭,   ᮮ饭m,
⭮騬  ஢થ 䠩 ⥬. ᫥ ⮣,  
   ३    ﭨ  ⮢,    ࠭
 ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:
      +------------------------------------------------------
      |  ᪥ ᮧ  믮  ᯥ譠
      |஢ઠ.

                             17

                 ᯮ짮 ਭ᪨ 

                                                        .
㯫..........................................    17-1
⠭ ਭ᪨ ..........................    17-2
 ᥪ樮 ४⥫  ६窨......    17-2
⠭  ।......................    17-2
ணࠬ ன ᪮, ⠢塞 ந-
⥫...............................................    17-3
祭 ⥫쭮 ...................    17-4

                            -17-1-

                          㯫

      ( "ਭ᪠ ")    業-
஬  ᫨⥫쭮 ⥬,   ࠢ ன 짮-
⥫ 믮 ᢮ ࠡ.  ⥬  -
   㬥  ࠡ    ਭ᪮  ⮩    묨
।⢠,  易묨  .  ⮡  ਭ    
, 室    業ࠫ쭮 
.  짮⥫ 㢨    ,    ன
ᬮ஢ 奬,   ࠧꥬ ७  ⥫-
 .    饥  "ਭ᪨ ".
      ਭ᪮    ⠭ ⥫
奬  ,  ७ ,   ᫥⥫
⮢, ᯮ㥬  祭 ⥫ ନ,
 ஫஢  ⠪ ਩ ன,   -
⥫  ⪨   ᪠,  ⥫    ⭮
,  ࠢ 梥 ᪨ ஬, ஫-
 誨  㣨 ன⢠.      ਢ
⪨ ᢥ  ਭ᪮ ,   ⠪  ⮬,  -
ࠧ 믮 ⠭ ਭ᪨   ࠡ    ।
樮  ⥬ UNIX.  ⠭ 設⢠ ன 
ਭ᪮  ⠫쭮   㣨   
㪮⢠.  ࠧ     ਢ ⮫-
 ᭮ ᢥ  ਭ᪮ .

                            -17-2-

                  ⠭ ਭ᪨ 

     ⮡ ⠭  ਭ  ,  室  
।  ࠡ  樮  ⥬    몫
ய⠭ . 짮⥫  㡥  ⮬,
 ࠧꥬ ᮥ  ,  ⨢ 砥 
ࠤ  ⮪.  । ⥬,   㯨  ࠡ
 , 室  ᥡ, ਪ  ⠫-
᪮ । 㪮,     ࠡ⮩  -
.   ᪮ ⢮    㪨  
  ,    짮⥫  ਪ᭥    
।⢠,    ਢ  ० 㤮  -
.

           寮樮 ४⥫  ६窨

     । ⥬,    짮⥫ ⠭ ᢮   設,
 室 㡥  ⮬,      뫨 
ࠬ ⠭.   㬥樨,  㯠 짮-
⥫   ⮩ 㤥 室 ᯨ᮪ ࠬ஢  -
, ᯮ㥬  ⥬  㬮砭,  樨  ⮬,
 ࠧ 믮  .  饬 砥, ⮡ -
    ࠬ஢  ⠭  ,  室
ᯮ짮 寮樮묨 ४⥫ﬨ  ६窠,
 ⠭  .  寮樮 ४-
   ⠭    ""  "". 
㬥樨      ।⢠   室
ᯨ᮪ ⨬ ⠭ ४⥫, ᫨   -
 ।ᬮ७ ⠭  ४⥫. ६窨 -
 ,  ᪮騬  ⠫᪨ ⮩,  -
      楫   ᮧ   ᮥ  몠    .
짮⥫   ࠬ ⠭    ⥬
㤠 ६窨,  ᯮ㥬  ᮥ ࠧ -
⥩ ⮩.   㬥樨   ।⢠,  
室  짮⥫, ᮤন ᯥ᪠ ଠ 
⮬,  ࠧ ⠭  ६祪  -
 ।⢠.

                            -17-2-

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     砭
      ,   樮 ⥬ ஥஢
 ࠡ  設⢮  ।,     -
 ࠬ ⠭,  ਭ  㬮砭. 짮-
⥫ । ॡ  祭 ࠬ஢ ⠭
 .

              ⠭  ।

     室 ⥫쭮 믮  蠣    ⠭
⥫   ࠧꥬ ७.  㬥樨  -
 ।⢠ 室 ⠫쭮 ᭥ ⮣, 
ࠧ  믮  ⢨. ᫥ ⮣,  믮-
 ஢ઠ ࠧꥬ ७,  ᫥ 䨪஢ -
⢮  ᢮  ࠧꥬ ७  ਭ᪮ .  
 ⥬ 뢠  8  10 ᢮ ࠧꥬ.  -
,    ࠧꥬ ,  祬 㣨. 
 ⪨,  ⠪   .  ⪨   
  .  ᭮   室  2 
3 ⪨ ࠧꥬ,   ⠢訥 ࠧꥬ    묨.
 ࠧꥬ,   ॡ ⠭   -
  訬 ᨫ ⠢   ࠧꥬ,  室騩 
ਭ᪮ .      ஭ ᯮ -
 ⠪,  ᮥ   ࠧꥬ,  室騬  

                            -17-3-

ਭ᪮ .
     ਭ᪠   ⠭  ⮫쪮  ᯮᮡ.
  ਭ᪨  ᯮ , ࠧꥬ -
  ᯮ   쭮 ஭ .   뫮 ᪠
࠭, ਭ᪠  ⠭  ⥬  ᯮ-
.    ਭ᪮     室  ,
뢠      ᭨  
讣  .  ᫨  짮⥫ 室,   
  .   ,  ,  ᫥-
⥫  ࠫ ⮢   ࠢ  譨 -
ன⢠  ⠭  ࠧꥬ ⥬ .
       ⢨ 믮,     -
 㧪 樮 ⥬.   ६ ࠡ 짮-
⥫    ।  ॡ ணࠬ ன-
, ⠢塞 ந⥫, ᠭ    ,
 ᯮ㥬   ⥬ 䨣樨 । -
祭   ।  ⥬.

    ணࠬ ன ᪮, ⠢塞 ந⥫

      ஬,   ਮ५ 짮⥫,   -
⠢  ணࠬ ன ᪮  㦠 ⥫
  ⭮ ᪥,  ࠧࠡ⠭ ந⥫. -
⥫ ४ ᤥ    ⭮
᪠  ࠭    ᭮  .    
ᯮ    ନ஢  䨣樨 ﭭ 
 ⠪,   ⠭  ⥬ ணࠬ -
ன  ।. 直 ࠧ,   ⥬ -
 ⠪  ன⢠,  ⥫ ⥫ 
⪮ ⭮ ᪥  ⥫쭠  ᫥⥫-
 ,  짮⥫   ॡ  믮  ண
ணࠬ  ன  楫 ।   䨣-
樨  ।.    ⮬᪨
ᯮ ⢨   ।.  㬥-
樨,  ⠢ ந⥫ , ਢ
ᢥ   ⮬,     室 ⢨ ண
 ணࠬ ।.

                            -17-4-

                祭 ⥫쭮 

     짮⥫   ந⥫쭮  ⥬  
ண  ⥫쭮  ணࠬ   㢥祭 ꥬ
७ .
     ⮡ 㢥 ꥬ ७ , 室 믮-
 ᫥騥 蠣:
     1. 몫 .
     2. ⠭ 饭   ᮮ⢥⢨   -
ﬨ, ⠢塞묨 ந⥫ﬨ . ⠭ 
४⥫ ⠪,   㪠  .
     3. 㧨 樮 ⥬.  ࠭  
६ 㧪 ⥬ 㤥 뢮 ⠫쭠  ଠ 
⮬,  ࠧ ⥫쭠     ࠡ-
  樮 ⥬.
     4.  믮 ७  ⥬ 㭪権.
ਬ, 짮⥫   ⠪ 㭪樨 :
     . 뤥 襣 ⢠ ࠭.
     . 뤥 襣 ⢠ ஢.
     . 뤥 ᨬ쭮 ꥬ   짮-
⥫.
     ⢮ ࠭    ⠢  -
.  ,  ᫮ ࠭   ⠭ -
⥫,      ६ ࠡ  ⠭ ᯥ᪮
࠭祭  㯭 ᫮ ࠭. ᫨ 짮⥫
 ⠭ ࠭祭  ᫮ ࠭,  ᯮ-
 ᨬ쭮  ⢮  ࠭,  ஥  ࠧ襭
樮 ⥬.
     ᫮ ஢ ⠪    ⠢    .
,   ⢮ ஢   ⠪ ⠭ -
⥫,     ⠭ ⭮ ࠭祭  -
㥬  ⢮ ஢.  ᫨ 짮⥫  ⠭
࠭祭  ⢮ ஢,     ᯮ-
 ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ஢, ஥ ࠧ襭  樮-
 ⥬.

                            -17-5-

     ᫨ ᨬ ꥬ,   ᮬ 짮-
,  ⠥  ,   ꥬ ࠭祭 ࠧ஬
⥬ 䠩 ,    ꥬ ७ . -
⥫  믮:
     . ⠭  樮  ⥬    㢥祭
ࠧ  ࠭⢠  .   祭 ⥫쭮
ଠ樨  ୮ ⠭ ⥬,  짮⥫  
 ࠧ "ୠ ⠭  䨪 ⥬ -
⥫",  室  ࠧ "㪮⢮  ⠭-
".
     .  ⠪ ࠧ,  ⮡   ६  ண
ணࠬ  뫨 ᪫祭 .   祭 ⥫쭮
ଠ樨    짮⥫    -
 proctl(S).
     ᫨ ॡ 뢥 ७      ⥬,  
짮⥫ 室 믮 筮 ⠪  楤.
     ᫨  ६ ᯫ樨 奬   訡-
,   ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 ᮮ饭.
     +------------------------------------------------
     |  : 訡 ⭮ 
     |
     ⥬,  ࠭ 짮⥫ ⮡ࠧ ᮮ饭, 뤠-
 묨 ।⢠    ६  ୮  㧪
⥬:
     +------------------------------------------------
     |  ** ⪫ ய⠭ **
     |               
     |  **      ୮ ᠬ㧪
     |     ⥬**
     |
      ᮮ饭  뢮  ࠭    -
,   ਮ᪨  ६ ࠡ  
訡 ⭮,  ⭮騥  ⠭ 奬 -
.
     砭
        ।ᬮ७ ࠭祭   -
 ।⢠, ⭮騥  ᨬ쭮 ꥬ ,
   ⠭  ⥬. ⮡ । -
ᨬ ꥬ ,     ⠭  -
,  짮⥫ 室  㪮⢮  -
 ।⢠ .
     樮 ⥬  ६ ࠡ ᯮ ⮫쪮 -
饭  ७ .

                             18

                      ᯮ짮 誨
                                                        
㯫............................................  18-1
⠭  ।........................  18-2
⠭ 誨.......................................  18-3
 誨........................................  18-7
ᯮ짮 誨...................................  18-8
ᯮ짮 誨  ࠡ  ࠭.......  18-8
ᯮ짮 誨   ࠡ     ᫥⥫묨
ନ...........................................  18-8
 誨  ᪮쪨 ନ........  18-8
ᯮ짮 誨 ணࠬ, 騬   -
  ன....................................  18-9

                            -18-1-

                          

        ᬠਢ ᭮ ᢥ    -
  䥩  誮  ⨯   ન  -
⥬ 짮⥫. ᯮ짮 誨  ६ ࠡ ।-
⠢ 訥 㤮⢠ 짮⥫  ࠧࠡ稪.  ⮩
稭 ᯥ祭 誨 砥  ᥡ   ᫥⥫
⠪  設  ।⢠.

                            -18-2-

                 ⠭  ।

      楫 祭 ଠ樨  ᯮ짮 ᯥ᪨
権  䨣樨   ।,  짮⥫
  㬥   ।⢠,  ⠢-
塞 ந⥫ .  室    
⨯ 誨,  ⠪ ᢥ  ⮬, 砥  誠  -
⥫쭮   ।⢥   ⥬  設.  
楫  祭  ⥫쭮  ଠ樨   ⥬ 設,
짮⥫ 室  ࠧ "ᯮ짮 ਭ-
 ".  । ⥬,  ⠭ 䨣 ணࠬ
।,   ᯥ稢    ࠡ    誮,
짮⥫  室    ᫥  -
ଠ樥.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     砭
       ਢ  ࠭祭,  ⭮-
騥  ᯮ짮 誨:
     . 䨣 設 誨     
       ⠭, ᫨ ᯮ  뢠 2.
       ᯮ  ⮣  뢠 3,4  5.
     .  ᯮ ⨫ usemouse  ० ࠡ -
       ⢥ 짮⥫ (० 㦨).
     . 頥 믮 ⢨:
       ⥬ --> 襭 (shutdown), ᯮ  ⮣
       ⨫ usemouse.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            -18-3-

                        ⠭ 誨

     ⮡ ⠭   ⥬,  짮⥫ 室
믮 ᫥騥 ⢨:
     1. ⠭   ᮮ⢥⢨  ﬨ, ⠢-
塞묨 ந⥫ .
     2.   ⮬,   ᮥ⥫  ⠭ 
㭪樮 ࠢ쭮.  ࠩ 誨    ⠭-
  ।⢠ Link kit (ᮥ⥫쭮 ).  (-
⥫     ⠭      ᯮ짮   ⨫
custom(D).
     3.   ७   ᫥ :

          mkdev mouse

     짮⥫ ⥬ sysadmsh 롨:

     ⥬ -> 䨣 ->  ।⢠ -> 誠

     ᫥ ⮣  ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 -
饭:
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |           ணࠬ 樠樨 誨
     |
     | 1. ⮡ࠧ ⥪ 䨣.
     | 2.    ⥬.
     | 3.    ⥬.
     | 4.  ନ  饩 誮.
     | 5. ᮥ ନ  饩 誨.
     | 6. ᪫ ࠩ 誨  .
     | 롥 㦭    "q"  室  .

     ⮡ ⠭ , 롨ࠩ  2    
<RETURN>. 㣨 樨  짮⥫ 믮 -
 䨣樨 誨    ६.  ਬ,  짮⥫
    㤠 ⥫   ᢮ ⥬
  ନ,  믮 ਥ 室 ,
㯠  ࠡ饩 誨.
     4.  室  ⨯ 誨,   㤥  -
짮  ६ ࠡ.  ᫥ ⮣  ࠭ 
짮⥫ ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 :

                            -18-4-

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |             ᯥ祭 ᫥騥 誨:
     |
     | 1. ᫥⥫쭠 誠 Logitech
     | 2. ᫥⥫쭠 誠 irosoft
     | 3. 誠 Mouse Systems 
     | 4.  誠 icrosoft
     | 5.  誠 Olivetti
     | 6.  誠 Logitech
     | 7. ப쭠 ୠ 誠.
     |    롨ࠩ 室    
     |     "q"   ।饥 .
      ᫮ ᮮ⢥饥 ⮩ 誥,  ॡ
⠭  ⥬     <RETURN>.
     5.  ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 :
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     | 䨣 ⨯_誨 뫠 믮 ࠢ쭮  誠
     | ᮥ  ⥬  ன /dev/tty
     | 室     ࠧ ⠬ ?
     | (Y/N)
      Y (),  ᫨ ॡ  祭, ᯮ-
㥬  ⥬  㬮砭.
     6. ᫨ 믮 ⠭ 設 誨,  짮-
 㤥    䨣樨,  ᯮ㥬    
設 誨.  ᫨ 믮 ⠭ ᫥⥫쭮 -
,   믮  蠣  ॡ,  室 ३
।⢥   믮 蠣 7.  ᫨ 짮⥫ ࠫ
設 ,    ࠭  㤥 뢥  ᫥饥
ᮮ饭:
     +----------------------------------------------------------
     |             䨣 設 誨
     |
     | 1. 뢥    ࠭  ⥪騥 ࠬ 設
     |    誨.
     | 2. ஢ ⥪騥 ࠬ 設 誨.
     | 3.  ।騥 ࠬ 設 誨.
     | 4.  ࠬ  設 誨, ᯮ㥬  ⥬
     |     㬮砭.
     |    롨ࠩ 㦭      "q"   室 
     |    .

                            -18-4a-

     ᫨ 짮⥫ 室 ᯮ짮 ࠬ 設
誨, ਭ  㬮砭,  室   4. 
࠭  ⮡ࠧ ⥪騥 ࠬ   짮⥫
    "q"  室   .  ᯮ짮-
 ࠬ஢ 設 誨,  ਭ  㬮砭, ਢ
  ⮬,    믮 ⮬᪠ ⠭ 䨣樨
設 誨.   ,   ᫨ 짮⥫ 
 뢠,  ᯮ짮  뢠 5 ਢ-
   䫨⭮ 樨   ⥫
  ⭮    (ᯮ   뢠-
),  ᫨   㣮 ன⢮ ᯮ      ⮦
६. ( ࠭祭 ࠢ   ⮬ 砥, ᫨ -
 ࠫ쭮 ன⢮ /dev/lp2).
     7. ᫨  ⥬ 짮⥫ 室 ࠭ ⠭-
 誠  ⨯,   ࠩ 誨 㦥 㤥 ।-
   ஬ 樮 ⥬,    ⮬ 砥 -
⥫ 室 ३  믮 蠣 11.
᫨  ⥬ 짮⥫ 誠 ࠭ ⠭  뫠 
᫨   樮 ⥬ ⢮ ࠩ 誨, 
 ࠭   뢥 ਢ   ᮮ饭.
  ,    ᮮ饭   ⮫쪮
१ ᪮쪮  ᫥ 砫 ⠭ ࠩ.

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     | 䨪 ⥬ 䨣樨. 㪮⥫ 
     | ᮧ  , ⮡      
     |  樮 ⥬.
     |  室 ᥩ ᮧ  ? (y/n/q).

     ⢥ y () ਢ  ⮬,    樮 -
⥬ 㤥 祭 ࠩ 誨.
     8. ,   ࠭  㤥 ⮡ࠦ ᫥饥
ᮮ饭:

                            -18-5-

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     | 樮 ⥬ UNIX  ᥩ 㤥 ஥.
     |  ⢨  ᪮쪮 .
     |  .
     |   ⥬ ஥ ७ /.
       饣 ,   ࠭  -
⥫ ⮡ࠧ ᫥騥 ᮮ饭:
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  樮 ⥬ UNIX ஥.
     |  室 ⮡   ᠬ㦠  㬮-
     | 砭 ? (y/n)
     ᫥ ⮣  짮⥫  ⢥ y (),  
㤥 ᯮ짮  ࠧ,  믮 ᠬ㧪
樮 ⥬.
     9.  ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 ᮮ饭.
     +----------------------------------------------------------
     |  १ࢭ  樮 ⥬ /unix  䠩
     | /unix.old.
     | ⠭  樮 ⥬ /unix.
     | ।     砥    ᥡ  䠩   㧫      䠩
     | /etc.inittab.
     |  ६  ।஢     ॡ
     | 믮   䠩 /etc/inittab   㧫 -
     | ன.
     |  室 ந ।  ? (y/n).
      y.
     10.  ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 :
     +----------------------------------------------------------
     |   뫮 ᯥ譮 ।஢   ⠭.
     | ⮡ ⨢஢  , 짮⥫ 
     | 믮  ᠬ㧪 樮 ⥬.
     | ⨢  ।  樮 ⥬:
      짮⥫ ⠭ ࠩ 誨   -
樮 ⥬.
     11.  짮⥫   ,   ⢥ 
 ॡ  ନ  ࠭,  -
 ᯮ짮  ६ ਥ , 㯠  誨.

                            -18-6-

 ⠩ ࠧ     ன⢮,  -
஬ 䨧᪨ ᮥ 誠.  ⨢ 砥 㤥 -
 ᮮ饭  訡. 짮⥫  ࠧ ࠡ 
誮,  ६ ன  誠 㤥 ᯮ짮 -
  㣨  ନ   ᮫묨 ࠭.  
᫮ "multiscreen" (࠭)   ᯥ    
᮫  ࠡ  ࠭.
      ,   ⮫쪮  誠    ᯮ짮-
      ன⢮ tty.
     ⥫쭠 ଠ, ⭮   ᯮ짮-
  誨 ᪮쪨 ନ,  室  ࠧ "-
짮 誨". ⥬  ࠭ 짮⥫ 㤥 뢥
᫥饥 :
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  誠   祭    䨣  
     | ନ   ࠭  ⥬.  ࠭  
     | ନ,   易   誮, 
     |  ᠭ  ⥬.
     |      ᮮ⢥饣   ன⢠
     | ttys,   易   誮.  ᫮-
     |   "multiscreen",  ஥  㤥 뢠  ᮫-
     |  ࠭.
     |  ᯨ᮪ ନ  (ਬ,  ࠭  tty1a
     | tty2a)   ᨬ "q"  室  .
     |    <RETURN> ᫥ 襭 ࠡ:
        <RETURN> ᫥ ⮣,     ⢫
  室 ன.
     +----------------------------------------------------------
     |   ᯮ짮 <⨯_誨>   㣨 ନ-
     |  ? (y/n).
      ,    ਬ ਢ , ࠭
⨯_誨 㤥 饭 ⮬   ⨯  誨,    
ᠭ ࠭   楤.  ⢥ n (),   ⮬ -
砥,  ᫨  㣨 ନ,  ࠧ襭 ਥ
室   誨.  ᫨  ⢥ y (),  짮-
⥫ 頥  ࠡ  ࠭ ,  ஬ ⮡-
 ᯨ᮪ ନ.
     12.  祭,  짮⥫ 頥   -
  誨.  ᫨ 䨣  誨    﫠,  
짮⥫ 室  "q"     .
      ,  짮⥫  맢 ⨫
mkdev mouse   ६, ⮡ ࠧ  
   ࠧ ନ, 㤠   ஢
䨣 , ᯮ㥬  ⥪騩  ६.

                            -18-7-

                          誨

        誨   ࠩ஢ 襪  樮
⥬ 짮⥫ 믮   ⭮ ᫥⥫쭮
  ⠭ 誨.  짮⥫ ४ 롨
樨 ,   㤠 誨,    樨,  ᯮ㥬  
祭 誨.

                            -18-8-

                      ᯮ짮 誨

       誮 믮 ⮬᪨.  ᫨ ணࠬ
 ⨫ 砥   室 誨  ନ ࠧ蠥
ᯮ짮 誨,   짮⥫  뢠 ணࠬ
 ᯥ稢 ࠡ  誮.  ᫨ ନ   ࠭
 ࠧ蠥 ᯮ짮 誨,  ணࠬ  ᯮᮡ-
  ਥ 室  誨,   ࠡ  誮  믮-
.

     ᯮ짮 誨  ࠡ  ࠭

     ࠭ (஥  ,    ᯮ-
 ,  祭  設) ᯥ稢 -
 㤮 ᯮᮡ ࠡ  誮.  ᫨ 誠 易  -
࠭ १   ⥬  ᮫,  (筮  
祭     १ ⥬ 設)  室 誨
易  ⥪騬 ⨢ ࠭. ਬ, ᫨ ⥬
  ࠬ,     ⢫ 
 ⥬ ᮫       ࠭  ࠧ襭
ࠡ  誮,  室  誨 㯠  ணࠬ, 
ࠡ⠥  ⨢ ஬.
      ,  ணࠬ,    ਭ
室 誨,    䥪⨢묨 - ⮣,     
ॠ 㭪樨 誨.   ⮬ 砥, ᫨  ࠡ -
 ࠭,  ࠧ襭  ࠡ  誮, 誠
 ࠡ ᯮ짮  㤥.
     ᫥⥫ (ନ) ࠭   ᫥-
⥫  ᮫  ⠪      ᯥ祭  䨣樨
  ࠡ  誮.

       ᯮ짮 誨  ᫥⥫ ନ

      ६ ⠭ 誨,  짮⥫ 뢮   
ᯨ᪮  ன  tty,  ࠡ   묨 㤥 ࠧ襭 
६ ᯮ짮 室 誨.   ࠧ ᯮ짮
ନ,  祭  ᫥⥫ ,   ⮬
誠 ᯮ 筮 ⠪,    ࠡ  ࠭-
.   ࠧ ᫥ ,   ᯮ짮 室
誨  ன⢮ tty,  ஬ 䨧᪨ ᮥ -
.

                            -18-9-

          誨  ᪮쪨 ନ

      誠  ࠧ   ᪮쪨 ନ 
 砥,   誠 㦨 ன⢮   ᮮ⢥-
⢨    ⬮  " 襫,   㦥".  
짮⥫, 뢠騩  ࠡ ணࠬ 㦨 誨,
⠭  楬  誨   殮 ᥩ ࠡ 
ணࠬ. ᫨   짮⥫ 室 ᯮ짮
,      짮⥫   ᢮ ࠡ 
ணࠬ. (।⢮ ⮣ 뢠 室 ।, -
 ᯮ 誠). ⥬ ᫥騩 짮⥫, 
 ॡ  ६ ࠡ 誠   맢 ணࠬ
       誨.
      ,    㣨  짮⥫,   
ࠧ襭  誨   ன⢠  ttys,    ᯮ짮
ணࠬ,      誨   ६,   誠
室  ⮬ ﭨ.  ᫨ 誠  㣮  ண-
ࠬ,  ணࠬ   ᯮ짮 室 , -
㯠  誨.  ᫨ 誠  ,  ࠡ ணࠬ -
 ଠ쭮.

         ᯮ짮 誨 ணࠬ, 騬 
                      ࠡ  ன

     ⨫ usemouse(C)  ᯮ    ⮡ࠦ  
誨  権, 易  ⨥  ,  -
 ணࠬ 騬  ࠡ  ன.
      祭   ଠ樨    짮-
⥫   ࠧ,   ஬ 뢠 ࠡ  ⨫
usemouse(C).
                            -19-1-

                          19

                襭 ⥬ ஡
                                                    
㯫.......................................   19-1
⠭ ନ   ⢥..........   19-2
⠭ ஢ ନ........   19-3
 ஢  ᮫..........   19-6
  訡    ࠫ쭮
ਭ.........................................   19-9
४祭  믮 樨 .......   19-10
४饭 믮 ᪮஫쭮 .    19-12
஢ ନ   짮⥫.   19-13
饭 ⮣ ஫ 짮⥫...........   19-14
⠭ ᢮ ࠭⢠...........   19-15
⠭ ﭭ ⥬ 䠩.......   19-16
⠭ ᯮ祭 ୥ 䠩 -
⥬.............................................   19-17
 䠩 ⥬  ᫥  訡: ⠭
⨫ fsck  ஢ન ࠧ................   19-19
⠭ ᫥ ⥬ ਨ............   19-20
  ⢥   ய⠭
.......................................   19-21
祭 ଠ樨  䥪⭮ ஦.........   19-22

                          㯫

        ਢ ᭥ ⮣,    ࠧ
  ஡,  뢠 ﭨ  ࠡ -
樮 ⥬.    ࠧ    ᮡ  
⥯  ᫮  稭   ⠭ ନ
  ⢥  稢    ⠭  -
ﭭ ⥬ 䠩.

                            -19-2-

            ⠭ ନ   ⢥

     ନ   ⢥,  ⠪ ନ,  ⢥-
砥    ,      ⮡ࠦ    ࠭
 ᨬ,    .  ( ନ
⨢⠢ "஢" ନ,  ᮢ襭-
   ॠ   .       ࠧ
"⠭ ஢ ନ" ਢ ଠ-
, ⭮  襭  ).  ਩ -
   直 ࠧ,   ணࠬ ⠭-
  ०६   稭 襩 訡,    ⮬
砥, ᫨ 짮⥫    <BREAK>.
     ⮡ ⠭ ନ  ଠ쭮 ࠡ, 짮-
⥫ 室 믮 ᫥騥 ⢨.
     1.     <CTL>j.  ⥬  뤠  ࠭
ᯫ ᮮ饭  訡. ᫨  ᮮ饭 뫮 뢥-
  ࠭ ନ,   ᮮ饭   ந-
஢.
     2.  맮 ᫥饩 ⨫:

          stty sane

          <CTL>j.  ନ  ⮡ࠧ 
ᨬ,  ⮬ 짮⥫   ᨬ   ᮡ
⭮.
     ᫥    <CTL>j,  ﭨ ନ  㤥
⠭  짮⥫  த ᢮ ࠡ.

                            -19-3-

           ⠭ ஢ ନ

         ஡,   ன  ⠫-
   짮⥫,    ஢  ନ.
஢  ନ    ࠧ 稭 
१ ஢    ⪮६  -
뢠  ࠡ    ࠡ. ᫨  -
஢ ନ,   ਢ  蠣  
ନ  ࠡ  묨 ﬨ ६.
     1. 砫  室  ஥ ६.   
᫨⥫쭠 ⥬ ⠭  殮    ࠡ,  
"६ ॠ樨 ⥬" 㢥稢.   ६ ਮ -
 ⨢,  ନ  ਭ   
"" , 뤠 ࠦ, ஥ 뫮 ஢-
 ନ,  .   砥 室 
    60 ᥪ㭤 । ⥬,    ""
ନ.
     2.     <CTL>q,   ⮣,  ⮡ 
।,  ᫨ ᨣ <CTL>s (४饭 ।), 㯨-
      䨫,  塞  ⥬, ࠥ  
  ०.
     3. ᫨ ନ  뤠 ⢥,   ନ -
  ஢७    楫    訡    
।⢠ ⠪,     ᮥ  ய-
,     㭨樮 .  ᫨  
  ய⠭  ᮥ    㭨樮 
⭮ ⠢  ⮬  㣮  ( ⠥  ०-
  ।),  ᪮॥ ᥣ  ஡  ᯫ-
樨 ணࠬ ।.
     4.  ७ ணࠬ ।⢠  ନ 
室   筮 ﭨ.     
 ᪮४஢ ⥬ 몫祭    祭  ନ.
  ⢨ ᥣ ਢ  ⥫ १⠬ 
 ࠭  ⮬,  ᫨  ࠭ ନ -
 ଠ,  室 ࠭,  짮⥫
   ଠ  ࠭    蠣  
楫 믮  ᫥.
     5. ᫨  ࠭祭    ନ ᠬ -
 筨   ஡,   室  -
  ஢ ணࠬ,  믮饩  ନ.  
who,    ࠡ饣 ନ, 㤥 ᮮ 짮-
⥫    ⮬,    㭨樮  뢠 
짮⥫  ନ,   짮⥫ -
 ,  ஬ ᮥ ஢ ନ.

                            -19-3a-

       ࠡ ⮢ ணࠬ,  믮騥 ஢
裡  묨  ।⢠,  ।  
室    ࠡ饣  ନ  ஢ ନ.
᫨ ᯮ 㭨樮    tty6c,  -
   㤥 ᮧ  뢮  
࠭ ஢ ନ.

          date > /dev/tty6c

     ᫨  ࠭ ନ 㤥 뢥 ᮮ饭 "ࠧ-
 ⪠",  짮⥫   뤠  ࠡ-
饣 ନ  date   ࠧ. ᫨  ᫥ ⮣
  ॠ  ⥬,    짮⥫   
⠭ ஢ ନ ᭠砫    믮
஢  ।  ࠧ ⠪,   뫮 ᠭ
.
     ⮡ ⠭  ணࠬ ஢ ନ-
 믮,  室      ps, -
  ⮣ ࠭ -t.  ᫨ ᯮ 㭨樮-
  tty6c,  ,    뢠 ,   pc  
६  ᢮ 믮 뤠 ᯨ᮪ ணࠬ,  믮
 ନ   .   ⮬  pc  ᫥-
騩 ଠ:

          ps -t tty6c

             ࠧ  ࠡ饣
ନ.    ⠪ 뢥  ࠭ ନ 
  ணࠬ ᢮ 䨪  PID. 짮⥫
室    ணࠬ   PID.
     , ।    ணࠬ  믮  ⥪騩
 ६  ନ,   ᤥ   
뢮.  , 믮  ᫥ ப ᯨ᪠ 
ps  ணࠬ,    訩 PID,    ᤥ
뢮  稭 ஢ ନ.  㣨   ࠧ
  祭 ⥬ ᯮ짮 ࠬ஢ -f  -d  -
 ps ( ࠬ -t   ࠬ஢ -fit), -
 뢮 ᯨ᮪ 砫 ६  (STIME)    ﭨ  (S)
, ᮮ⢥⢥ ( 祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ-
樨   ,  짮⥫   " ࠢ筮 -
⢥  짮⥫"   ps(C)).

                            -19-4-

     짮⥫  ⠭,    ࠧ  ணࠬ,
믮騥   ନ,   㬠.  ਬ,   
  ⮬ 砥,  짮⥫ 砩 ⢫-
    ணࠬ  .    砥 ஢
ନ   ᢮   ᯮ짮  ᮡ⢥-
 ,  ᯥ稢 室   ணࠬ.
     ᫨ ணࠬ,  믮  ⥪騩    ६,
믮  ஢  ⢨   ନ  ⢥砥 
୮  ,  ⭮騥     ணࠬ,  
ணࠬ     "㡨".  쪮 짮⥫,  
 ணࠬ,    㯥  짮⥫  (७),  
㡨 ணࠬ 짮⥫.  ࠧ 짮⥫ 
 ࠡ騩 ନ  ᫮,    ணࠬ 㦥 
ᤥ  (   ७).
       kill 筮 ᯮ  㬥, 㬥
signal  䨪 PID.  ( 祭 ⥫ ᢥ-
 짮⥫    "ࠢ筮 㪮⢥ 
짮⥫" ஡ ᠭ  kill(C). ਬ஬ -
짮  kill,  "㡨" 믮 ண-
ࠬ  䨪஬ 1234,  ᫥ :

          "kill -15 1234"

        뫠  1234 ᨣ 15,  
"" ᮮ頥 ணࠬ  ⮬,  ॡ  -
.     뢠 쭮 ﭨ  ⥬
( ६ ᢮ ࠡ).
      ᯮ   ps -t  ࠧ  ⮣,  ⮡
। 訫  ᢮ ࠡ  "㡨  ணࠬ".  ᫨
믮 ணࠬ  ⠭,  짮⥫ 室
 ࠧ 뤠  kill  ࠭ 9   ࠭  15.
⢨     " 㡨⢮".  
⢨  ਢ  ⮬,   ⠢訥   ணࠬ
    㭨⮦.  ਬ஬ ⠪ ⥩ ணࠬ 
६ 䠩.  짮⥫  ६ 襭 ᢮  -
⢨  室      ணࠬ  ४ /tmp 
/usr/tmp, 믮  ⮣ ᬮ  䠩, 楬
   ,   㤠 㦭 䠩.   -
,   䠩,  ⭮騥  ணࠬ,      뫨
"㡨",   ⠪ 室   ४. ᫨ 㤠-
  ணࠬ 뢠  짮⥫ ᮬ,   -
 ࠭  䠩  㤠  .
     ᫥ ⮣,        믮 ணࠬ 㤥
"㡨",    믮 ஢ ନ. ନ

                            -19-5-

 ࠡ  ⢥.   ணࠬ ॢ ନ
 ᯥ樠 ०  ६  믮    -
  ०  ࠡ   ஢ ନ.  ਪ
ணࠬ  ᯮ짮 ०,  뢠 "-
⠭"  ०,   ஬ ᨬ,    ନ 
⮡ࠦ  ࠭.   ६   祩 <Return>  
ENTER    "ࠡ⠭"  ०  ஡,  
砥  ⮬,  ࠡ⪠   祩 -
  ⠪,   .
     窠   ᨬ <CTL>j (  ப 
 ப)    ,  設⢮ ନ-
 뫠 ᨬ <CTL>m  ६    <RETURN>.
筮 ᨬ <CTL>m ࠭᫨  ᨬ <CTL>m,  -
 ਪ ணࠬ ⪫砥  ࠭  ⥬ -
蠥 ࠡ  㤥 "㡨"  ⭮ 祭 ࠭-
樨,  짮⥫   ॡ㥬 ᨬ <CTL>j 
楫 襭 믮 ᢮ .
      ஢ ନ  ᨬ  <CTL>j,  
砫  ப  ⥬  ᫥ :

          stty sane <CTL>j

     易⥫쭮 ᯮ   ᨬ <CTL>j  -
   <RETURN>   ENTER   .  짮-
⥫    ॡ       ।
⥬,  ନ 뤠 ⢥.
     ᫥⥫쭮 ⢨ "㡨  ஢",  -
 ,    室   ६  ࠡ  
ணࠬ,  ନ 室  ps.  ⥬
  㡨  ணࠬ   楫 ᮪饭
६. 롮  ⢨   짮⥫.
     ᫨  ps -t 뢠 ⮫쪮  ணࠬ    
getty ,    砥,  짮⥫ "㡨"  
ணࠬ   ନ  ᪠  ॣ樨. ᫨
 ᪠  ࠭ ନ  㤥 뢥,  -
室   砫 ஢ન  ᭮ ஢ -
 ।⢠.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     砭
      ணࠬ    "㡨".  砥
    ,  ⮡ "㡨"  ணࠬ  ⮫쪮
 襭:    믮 ᢥ⪠ ࠡ   믮
  .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            -19-6-

               ஢  ᮫

      ६ ࠡ 祭 讣 ⢠ ⥬, -
  ⭠,  "஢ ". ᫨ -
  ,   ⥬  ⢥砥    -
 ᮫.   ஡ 뫠 ஭  ᫥  
    ᫥    砥 쬠
쬠 ।.   뢠 ﭨ ⮫쪮  ࠡ-
   ன,   ᮥ    -
,    ⠭ ନ,  祭   ᫥-
⥫ .
        짮⥫    -
஢  ᫥ :
     .  ⥬ ᮫     ᯮ짮
    ᯮ  ६ 믮 --
 .
     . 짮⥫      ४ ࠭  
<CAPS LOCK>  ४砥  ஢   㪢
   祭   몫祭.
     . 㣨 ନ, 室騥  ⥬, த ࠡ.
     . ਭ  㣨 ன⢠ த ࠡ.
     . ⥬   த ࠡ.
     ஢  筠 㣨 訡,  ⮬
। ⥬,   믮   樨 ஢
, 짮⥫  㡥  ⮬, :
     . 砩  뫨  ᨬ <CTL>s.
     .     室  ⮬ .
     . ꥬ   ⠢.
     .  ⥬  믮 ࠡ.
     -, 㡥  ⮬,  砩  뫨 
 <CTL>s.      <CTL>q ᪮쪮 ࠧ  ᤥ
஢ ⮡ࠦ ᨬ,   짮⥫  -
.       ᪮쪮 ࠧ,   
<DEL>.
     , ஢    ,  ᫨  
।ᬮ७  .     ४ 
 "". ஬ ⮣, 㡥,   
 祭  㦭 .
        ⮬,    ⥬   த ࠡ.
 ஢ ନ  楫   ⮣,  믮
  ନ  ࠡ,     믮 ⥬ 
⠪,    ॣ   ஢ન . ᫨ 
ᯮ殮 짮⥫  ନ,  ஫-

                            -19-7-

 ﭨ  㯠  ⥫  ⪮ -
  ᪥,  ᫨    ।ᬮ७  .
᫨   娢 ਮ᪨,  ࠩ 
१  30 ᥪ㭤   ⮣,  ⥬   -
 ᢮ ࠡ  ᯮ ⥫  ⪮  -
 ᪥.     ⮬,   ᯮ짮 -
 ନ   ⮬    㯠    ⥫  
⪮ ⭮ ᪥   娢 ⮣,  믮-
 ࠡ  ० ⢥ 짮⥫.
     ᫨ 뫠 믮 ஢ઠ  । 訡
権,    ⮬  짮⥫     ࠡ 
᢮ ன ᮫,    室  ᮥ  ࠧꥬ
 ᮫  ᫥ ⮣ ᭮ ᮥ  ࠧꥬ.
᫨  ⢨  稭   訡, 
  訡 ।  稭 ஢ -
.  ᫨ 믮 ᫥ 蠣  ਢ   
訡,   ६ ࠡ  ந諠 ஢ -
.
     짮⥫  । ஢  -
⥬ ᯮ짮 ᯥ樠쭮 "",    
樮 ⥬. (  ᭮ ணࠬ -
樮 ⥬,   ᥣ 室   ).  
,    "⪠" ⪫砥  
 (LED),   ⮬ 짮⥫ ४  믮-
  ⢨, ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨  ਢ
 ⢨ 뫨 ஡:
     1. ᫨ ⥬ ᮫ 室  ࠡ祬 ﭨ,
 室 ॢ ⥬ ᮫   ﭨ  ࠡ.
୮ 㧨 樮 ⥬,  ᫨ 짮⥫ -
室 ३  ० ⢥ 짮⥫.
     2. ᫨ 樮 ⥬  ॣ㦠,  ॡ-
   ⥬ ᮫  ७  ᤥ ᢥ -
  ⥬,  ॢ   ० ⢥ 짮⥫
   shutdown.   ᫥騩 :

          /etc/shutdown su

     ⥫쭠 ଠ  ᯮ짮  
室  ࠧ " shutdown(ADM)".

                            -19-8-

     3. ᫥ ⮣,  ⥬ ॢ  ० ⢥
짮⥫, ⠭  樮 ⥬ ᯮ
᫥騥 :

          cd /
          mv unix unix.00
          cp unix.00 unix

     4.   ᫥騥 :

          /etc/_fst -w /unix
          ledspresent/w 0
          $q

       䨪 室 ⪨   . 
ࠧ ᫥   ⮬,   ⢨ ਢ  -
ﭭ ⪫祭 ஢  ᮫ (LED).
     5.  ᢥ ⥬, ᯮ  ⮣ ᫥
:

          #/etc/shutdown 0

     6. ᫨  ࠭  ᮮ饭 "ଠ쭠 ⥬
ᢥ⪠",         믮
१㧪  樮  ⥬.  ᫥  믮  
⢨ ⠭ 稭 ஢ .
     7.  ,    ᢮ 業 㦨  -
  .

                            -19-9-

       訡   ࠫ쭮 ਭ

     ᫨  ६ ࠡ  訡 ࠫ쭮 ਭ-
,  砥    ਭ,  짮-
⥫ 室 ஢ 䨣  ᮮ⢥⢨   -
楤ன ᠭ . ᫨ ਭ    ⠥,
 짮⥫  ३   믮  樨  .
஢ ਢ  ᫮  ⮣,   ᫮-
     ࠢ쭮  䨣樨  ࠫ
⮢ :
     1. ਭ   ᮢ⨬  ਭ஬   IBM  
祭  १ ⠭  䥩 Centronics,  -
㥬  祭 ਭ.
     2.    IBM AT  ᮢ⨬   -
஬ ।ᬮ७    ࠫ ⮢. 믮
४䨣 ⥫ ⮢.
     3. ࠫ ,  ᯮ騩  ஬  ,
  ନ஢ 䨣樨 ᯮ  뢠 7 
ᯮ  ६ १㧪 ⥬   lp1.
     4.  ࠫ   ନ஢ 䨣樨
ᯮ  뢠 7  ᯮ   lp0. 
६  ࠡ    ᯮ짮     ஬
,      㣮 ६.   ⨢ 砥 -
  訡   ।⢠,   뢠 -
  ਭ.
     5. ୠ⨢   ன ࠫ   ନ-
஢ 䨣樨 ᯮ    뢠  5.  
 ᯮ  lp2.    ⮬,   㣨 -
 ।⢠  ᯮ     뢠.
室    㪮⢮      ।⢠ 
楫 祭 ଠ樨  䨣樨  ࠫ  ⮢
.
     6. 믮 ஢,    㡥  ⮬,
  ࠫ    ᯮ  १-
㧪 樮 ⥬.   ࠭   -
  ଠ, 饭 ᪨ ࠢ:

          parallel 0x378-0x37a   07     -    unit=0

                            -19-9a-

     ᫨  ᮮ饭  㤥 뢥  ࠭ -
,   ஢ ४⥫    ६窨    ࠫ쭮
  㡥  ⮬,  ६窨  ४⥫ -
 ࠢ쭮.  ᫨   ⠩ 믮 -
⠭   ࠧ 䨣権.
     7.   ⮬,   ⠭ ਭ 祭  ਭ-
 ॢ  ﭨ 㯭.   ⮬,  -
 ࠢ쭮 ᮥ  ஬  ਭ஬.
     8.  ᮫   ७  ᬮ  
७ࠢ 室   ਭ. ᯮ  ⮣
᫥ :

          date>/dav/lpn

     ᫨ 짮⥫  㢨 , ⠭ ਭ஬ ,
 ᪮॥ ᥣ  ᪮쪮 ⨯ 訡   
।⢠.    ⮬  짮⥫   믮 ஢
᫥ 権:
     .   ᭮  ᮥ   ஢  ०.
ᯮ짮   ࠭ ࠢ ⥬    -
⮢  ࠢ 樮 ⥬ DOS  -
襩 ஢મ.
     .   ஫ 䨣樨 ਭ ⥬ ஢ન
 ४⥫, ⠭  ਭ  -
ﬨ  ४⥫,  ᠭ묨   㪮⢥  
।⢠ ਭ.
     .  ஫ ४⥫, ⠭  -
 ࠫ쭮 .  ४⥫  -
    ६  믮 楤 ᠬ㧪  ⮬
,   뢠   ६ 믮 蠣 6.
     ᫨ 짮⥫ 稫 , 뢥   ਭ-
஬,    室 믮 ᫥ ன ਭ-
:

    ਭ -> ⠭ 䨣 -> ᮥ

                            -19-10-

        ன  ᯥ稢  ன 㫥,  -
㥬  ६ ࠡ ਭ. (⥫쭠 ଠ
      ਢ    㪮⢥  ࠧ
"ᯮ짮 ਭ஢").

           ४祭  믮 樨 

     ᫨ 䨣  ࠫ  ⮢  뫠  ⠭
ࠢ쭮 ⠪,    뢠  ।饬 ࠧ,  
  訡   ਭ,    -
砥,  ࠫ    ᯮᮡ ஢
뢠.
     襭, ஥    ஢   訡,
砥    㭨樨   ।
  ࠩ ਭ.  ࠩ ࠫ쭮 ਭ
 ᤥ "४祭" ࠫ쭮 .   ᯮ-
ᮡ ࠡ⪨ 訡 ࠩ  ᯮ 뢠,  -
騥  ࠫ쭮 .     ᯮᮡ 
ਢ  饭 ⥬ ᮢ.
     ⮡ ᯮ짮  ४祭   ࠫ-
   ࠫ ਭ,  짮⥫ 室
ᮧ "ᯥ樠 㧥 ன⢠".  ᫥ ⮣ ॣ-
஢   ⢥ ୥ 짮⥫ (㯥-짮-
)  뤠   ਢ  ஢ .  (-
  䨪஢ ଠ  ᯮ ⮢ ਭ,
砥  ᮮ饭  ᠬ㧪.)

        ਭ lp0:

          mknod/dev/lp0p c 6 64
          chown bin/dev/lp0p
          chgrp bin/dev/lp0p
          chmod 222/dev/lp0p

                            -19-11-

        ਭ lp1

          mknod/dev/lp1p c 6 65
          chown bin/dev/lp1p
          chgrp bin/dev/lp1p
          chmod 222/dev/lp1p

        ਭ lp2

          mknod/dev/lp2p c 6 66
          chown bin/dev/lp2p
          chgrp bin/dev/lp2p
          chmod 222/dev/lp2p

     ᫨   ६  ࠡ  ᯮ 㫥 ਭ,  
짮⥫ 室 믮 ண  ⨫  mkdev  lp  
楫  㢥 㫥  ࠫ쭮 ४饣
ன⢠.    ⨫ 짮⥫    ᯮ짮
㭪   ਭ  㭪 ୮ -
樨 饣  ਭ.    짮⥫  뤠
  롮 ன⢠  ਭ,  頥 ᯮ짮-
 ⠭ ࠫ ன,  ᯨ᮪  ⮡-
ࠦ  ࠭ ନ.   ⮣ 짮⥫ 
ᯮ짮 ᫥騥  ன⢠:  /dev/lp0p,  /dev/lplp  
/dev/lp2p.

                            -19-12-

     ४饭 믮 ᪮஫쭮 

     ᪮஫   ।⠢  ᮡ  믮
ணࠬ,      ⠭   ନ,  
஬   ணࠬ 뫠 饭.    
 直 ࠧ,   訡,    ணࠬ,
 ନ,   ,   訡 ९ 
ଠ樨, ࠡ뢠  ⥬.
     ⮡ ४ 믮 ᪮஫쭮 ,  -
室 믮 ᫥騥 蠣:

     짮⥫ ⥬ sysadmsh 롨 ᫥騥 ⢨:

           -> 襭 ⢨

     1. ३ ࠡ  ନ,     ஢
訡.
     2.   ⥬  ⢥ 㯥 짮⥫.
     3.  :

          ps -a

        <RETURN>. ⥬ 뢥  ࠭ ନ-
  ⥪騥    䨪樮  PID. -
  䨪樮   PID ᪮஫쭮 믮饩
ணࠬ.
     4.  :

          kill pid

          <RETURN>.  ࠭  PID  ஬
䨪樨 ᪮஫쭮 믮饩 ணࠬ. 믮
ணࠬ 㤥 ਮ⠭. ᫨ 믮   -
⠭,  짮⥫ 室  ᫥ :

          kill -9 PID

     ᫥       <RETURN>.
     믮 ᫥ 蠣 ࠭ ⠭ ,
   ࠭ ६ 䠩    ନ,
  ࠡ⠥  ०   ⢥.  ⮡ ⠭
ନ  ଠ쭮 ०,  짮⥫ 室  믮-
 ⢨, ᠭ ࠭  ࠧ "⠭ ନ-
   ⢥.

                            -19-13-

     ஢ ନ   짮⥫

     ᫨  ࠭ ନ ⮡ࠧ ਢ  ᮮ-
饭:

       "ନ 㯥,        
⢥ত ࠢ  "

 ᮮ饭 砥,   ନ ஢    稭
⮣,    ⥬    ⨫ 室  ⥬ 
 ନ   稭 ⮣,  ⥬ ஢-
  ନ  - ॢ襭 ᫠ ᯥ ⮪ 室 
⥬. ⮡ ࠧ஢ ନ, 室  । -
 sysadmsh(ADM) , 믮 ᫥騥 ⢨:

           짮⥫ -> ନ -> ஢

     ⥫쭠 ଠ      室 
ࠧ "஢ ନ"    "ᯥ祭  ⥬
᭮".
     ᫨  ஢,    믮  ॣ樨,
  ࠭ ନ ⮡ࠦ ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:

     "騩   㯥 -    
     ⢥ত ࠢ  ".

       砥,     ஢ 㬠, 
뫮 ॢ襭 ⢮ 㤠 ⮪ 室  ⥬ 
祭 ஫ 짮⥫.  ⮡ ࠧ஢ , -
⥫    믮  ਢ  ⢨,室
 ⮬  । ⥬ sysadmsh:

         騥  -> 짮⥫ -> ਬ:室  ⥬

      祭  "ﭨ "  ⠭  -
  祭 "⪠  ".  ⥫쭠 ଠ
   室  ࠧ "஢/஢-
  짮⥫",  ᮤন   㪮⢥
  "ࠢ ⠬ 짮⥫".

                            -19-14-

             饭 ⮣ ஫ 짮⥫

     ⥬  ᯥ稢 ᯮᮡ ஢  ஫.  ᫨
짮⥫  ᢮ ஫,  ⥬ ࠢ騩 
 ஫  ⠭ .  ⮡   -
஫ 짮⥫,  室 믮 ⢨,  ᠭ 
ࠧ " ஫ 짮⥫,   室  
 "ࠢ ⠬ 짮⥫".

                            -19-15-

             ⠭ ᢮ ࠭⢠

     ⥬ 뢮    ࠭ ନ ᮮ饭 " -
௠" 直 ࠧ,    ୥ 䠩 ⥬ 뤥-
 ᫨誮    ᫨  ६ ࠡ  
뫠 ௠. ⮡ ⠭ ࠡ ⥬, 짮⥫
  㤠   㬥 ࠧ   襣 -
⢠ 䠩,  室  ୥ 䠩 ⥬.  ⮡
㤠  㬥 ࠧ 䠩,  짮⥫ 室 -
  蠣,  ᠭ    ࠧ  "ᯥ祭  ᢮
࠭⢠",    室   㪮⢥  
"ᯮ짮 䠩 ⥬".
     ᫨ 짮⥫  ࠧ襭  믮 ॢ -
,    ६ 믮  ॢ  ᪮  -
࠭⢮  ᯮ .   㬮砭 䠩 -
࣠騥     ॢ                ४
/tcb/audittmp/audit*. 믮 ஢ ࠡ ᪠  묨
४ﬨ.  ᫨ 짮⥫ 㦨  ନ஢
䠩 ॢ,    ॡ ᤥ १ࢭ -
  䠩  ᫥ ⮣ 㤠  䠩   ᯮ-
 롮 㭪権  । ⥬ sysadmsh.   -
⢨ ஡  뢠    ࠧ  "ᯥ祭  ॢ",
  室      㪮⢥   "ᯥ祭
⥬ ᭮".  짮⥫  믮 ஢
 㤠 䠩 ॢ 묨 ᯮᮡ.
     ⮡   樨    饬,  ४
ᯮ짮  df(C)  믮 ਮ᪮ ஢-
 ⢠ ᢮ ࠭⢠,  室饣  䠩
⥬.

                            -19-16-

           ⠭ ﭭ ⥬ 䠩

     ᫨ ⥬  ணࠬ  䠩  砩 -
஢  㤠  䠩 ⥬,   짮⥫  
⠭ ﭭ ଠ  १ࢭ  ணࠬ
sysadmsh.  ⮡ ⠭ 䠩, 짮⥫  믮-
 ⢨, ᠭ  ࠧ "⠭ 㠫-
 䠩  ४਩  १ࢭ ",  室
  㪮⢥   "⠭ 䠩 ⥬ 
१ࢭ ".

                            -19-17-

      ⠭ ᯮ祭 ୥ 䠩 ⥬

     祭 ।,    襥 ⢮ ᪨ -
⥬  䠩    砩 ࠧ ஢ 
㤠  ⥬ ᠬ ⢨ 樮  ⥬    
஢.    砥 짮⥫ 室 -
 ᢮ ୥ 䠩 ⥬,  ᯮ  ⮣ -
ࢭ . ⮡ ⠭ ᢮ ୥ 䠩 -
,  室 ᭠砫 ⮢ ᭮  ᠬ㧠騩
⥫   ⭮ ᪥ ⠪,   뢠 
"㪮⢥  ⠭". ᫨ 짮⥫  ⮢ -
⥫   ⭮ ᪥,   ⮬ 砥 室
믮  ⠭ 樮 ⥬.  ஬ -
,  ᫨    짮⥫  १ࢭ  ୥
䠩 ⥬,    ६ 믮 ୮  ⠭,
 १ࢭ  ⠪   ନ஢.   -
,  ⮡ 믮  ⠭ ⥬,  짮⥫
 믮 ⢨, ᠭ   "ୠ ⠭-
  䨪 樮  ⥬",    室  
"㪮⢥  ⠭".

     ⮡ ⠭ ୥ ⥬, 짮⥫  
筮 믮 ਢ  蠣:

     1.  ய⠭   㧨 -
  ⥬,  ᯮ  ⮣ ᭮ ᠬ㦠騩
⥫   ⭮ ᪥.   ,   
ᯮ殮  짮⥫   ⤥ ᭮ ᠬ-
㦠騩 ⥫   ⭮ ᪥    
⥬. ᫨  ॡ  믮,   ந-
 ᪮ ࠧ襭 ⥬.

     2. ᯮ ⥬ ᪠, 뤠 ᫥ -
:

          /bin/fsck -y /dev/hd0root

      ࠭   ᮮ饭,  㪠뢠騥  ,
 㭪 fsck ,  ᠭ   ,  믮 
  䠧 ⥬ ⪨.  ᫨ 믮 ணࠬ -
 १ ᪮쪮 ᥪ㭤  ᫨    ࠭  ନ
  뢥  ᮮ饭  訡,   㪠뢠  
 ந諨 ஢ ⢨    ६  믮
⥬ ⪨,  짮⥫ 室 ⠭ -
 䠩 ⥬ .   ਢ   ᮮ-

                            -19-18-

,   㪠뢠 ᫥ ଠ:

          ⭠ 䠩 ⥬  65535
          ⪠  ⥬ 䠩  䠩 ⥬

(⥫쭠 ଠ     ਠ  室  
᫥饬  ࠧ:  "⠭ ᫥ 襭  䠩
⥬ ᫥ ⠭ ⨫ fsck    믮  ஢ન
ࠧ  䠩").  ᫨   ᮮ饭 㪠뢠,   ࠡ 
㭪樥 fsck 믮 ᯥ譮,   믮  ᢥ  ᢮
樮 ⥬, ᯮ  ⮣  haltsys(ADM),
 ⠩ 믮 ᠬ㧪   ⥫    ⪮
⭮ ᪥. ᫨ ᠬ㧪  믮,  짮-
⥫  த 믮  楤.

     3. ᫨ ਢ  楤  ਢ  ࠢ-
  訡,    짮⥫   믮 ⠭
᢮ ୥ 䠩 ⥬.   ⥬ ᪠ 짮-
⥫       ਢ   (᭠砫
믮 ࠡ⪠ ⮬ ணࠬ chio(C)  backup(ADM),
 ⥬ ணࠬ xbackup(ADM)):

          cpio -iudv -I/dev/_ ன⢠ -512

          xrestore fr /dev/_ ன⢠ /dev/hd0root

     ࠭ _ன⢠  । ன⢠,   ண
 뢠 १ࢭ .  ਬ  ⭮ -
⥫  ⭮  㤥 ᯮ짮 祭 /dev/
rct0,     ⥫  ⭮  㤥 ᯮ짮-
 祭 /dev/rctmini. ᫨ ᯮ ⥫  -
 ⭮ ᪥  ⭮  96 ஦   , 
  ன⢠ ᯮ 祭 /dev/fd096.

     4. ᫥ ⮣,   ⥬ ⠭, ⠭ -
⥬,  ᯮ  ⮣  haltsys(ADM)  믮 -
㧪 ⥬  ⪮ ᪠ ⥬  ࠧ.  ᫥ -
  ⢨    ⠭  㣨  䠩
⥬   ࠧ.  ᫨ 짮⥫   믮
ᠬ㧪 ⥬  ⪮ ᪠,  宦  ,  -
室  믮   ⠭ 樮 ⥬ 
㣮 㯭 ⥫.

                            -19-19-

          䠩 ⥬ ᫥ 訡: ⠭
               ⨫ fsck  ஢થ ࠧ

     ᫨ ⨫  fsck(ADM)  믮  訡,  ਬ
⠪,   ᠭ ,    砥,    ६  ࠡ
 ⨫  쥧 訡.  ⠭ ᫥
 訡   믮 ⨫⮩ fsdb(ADM):

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  # fsck /dev/xyz
     |  /dev/xyz
     |    ⥬: / : xyz
     |  ஢ઠ ࠧ: fsize 0 isize 0
     |  #
     |

     ᫨ ⨫ 蠥 ࠡ ⠪,    ᠭ  -
,    짮⥫  室  ࠧ "ࠢ
䠩 ⥬ ⨫⮩ fsck,   室   -
⢥   "ᯮ짮 䠩 ⥬".

                            -19-20-

            ⠭ ᫥ ⥬ ਨ

     ⥬    砫  ࠬ᪨ -
襭 ࠡ 樮 ⥬, ஥ ਢ  ⠭
ᥩ ࠡ, 믮塞 ஬. ⥬  -
 祭 ।. ⥬    ᭮  १-
 訡  ।   ਨ  ୥-
 䠩 ⥬,   樮  ⥬    
ࠢ  ᮡ⢥묨 ᨫ.    ⥬ -
, ⥬ 筮 뢮  ࠭ ନ ᮮ饭,  -
஬ ਢ ᭥ 稭 襩 訡. ᫥ -
 ᮮ饭  ࠡ  樮  ⥬  ⠭.
ଠ, 뢮  ࠭ ନ, ।⠢ ⥬-
 ࠢ饬 蠭  믮 ⢨  ⠭
᫥ ਨ ⥬ ࠢ 訡,  ᫨  ࠢ
,  १㧪 樮 ⥬.
        ⥬ ,  ⥬  뢮 
࠭ ⥬ ᮫ ᮮ饭,  ஥ 稭   ᫮
"panic" (),   ⠥ 믮 ࠡ  室-
  ( ࠡ 祩 <INTERRUPT> () 
<QUIT> ( )), 㯠  ⥬ ᮫ 
  㣨 ନ.
     ⮡ ⠭ ⥬ ᫥ ⥬ ਨ, 짮-
⥫  믮 蠣, ᠭ :

     1. ᯮ ᮮ饭  訡 ( ᮮ饭  訡-
),  뢮  ⥬ ᮫  楫  訡,
 맢   ⥬.  ᫨ ᮮ饭  訡  
뢮,  ३  믮 蠣 3.

                             -19-20a-

     2.  ࠢ 訡,  ᫨  . -
 ᯨ᮪ ᮮ饭  訡  ᠭ  ࠢ 
訡,  ਢ  ࠧ "饭 ()" "ࠢ筮
㪮⢠  짮⥫".   ⮬ 砥,  訡
   㦥  ࠢ,  ⠩ 믮
 ⥬  ࠩ   ࠧ ᫥  襭  -
⠢ 蠣  楤.
     3. 몫  ய⠭    믮 蠣,
ᠭ  ࠧ "砫 ࠡ  ⠭ ⥬". 
⢨  믮  ⥬.
     4. ᫨  믮  樮 ⥬  㤠
 ᫨   ᫥  ⪨   -
,    砥,  樮 ⥬ ० 訡-
    ⠭  ୮ ந樠஢-
. ⮡ ⠭ 樮 ⥬, 짮⥫ 
믮 楤,  ᠭ  ।饬 ࠧ. ⮡ -
 ⠭ 䠩 짮⥫,  室 
ࠧ " १ࢭ  䠩 ⥬".
     5. ᫨  㤠 㧨 ⥬   ᠬ㦠饣
᪠,   ⠢  ਡ⨢ ⥬, -
  ⠭ ,    砥,   
쥧  襭   । .   楫
࠭ ࠢ⥩ ,  짮⥫  室
  ।⠢⥫ ,   㦨-
  । ".

                            -19-21-

     ⢥  ய⠭ 

     ᫨  - ⠯ ࠡ 樮 ⥬   -
࠭  㤥 뢥 ᮮ饭 "⢥ 
ய⠭ ",    砥,      䠩
⥬     ᠭ ⮢ୠ ଠ  
 䠩   祭.
     ६ HZ   ᯮ   樮  ⥬  
।⠢ ⥬ ,  ନ㥬 뢠ﬨ, -
ࠡ뢠묨   ६ ࠡ ᮢ.  짮⥫  -
 ६ HZ    :    䠩  /etc/rc2,  䠩
/.profile   䠩 /.login   䠩 /etc/default/login. ᫨
  䠩   䠩,  ᠭ , ࠢ쭮 -
  ६ HZ  ଠ,  室   䠩-
, ⮢ୠ  ﭠ,   ࠭ ନ 㤥 -
 ᮮ饭:
      "⢥  ய⠭ ".
     ஬ ⮣,  ᫨  짮⥫  믮 ஢ 
䠩  ஢ઠ ,   ଠ, 室  -
  䠩  ୠ,    ᮮ饭  㪠뢠  ,
 ,  ஬ ࠡ⠥ 짮⥫ ࠢ쭮 ८-
  ᫥⥫ .
     祭 HZ   ⠭  50 横  ᥪ㭤.
᫨ 짮⥫ 믮 ஢,  ,  -
祭 ⠭ ࠢ쭮  ⥬ 䠩,   믮-
  ୮  ८ࠧ   ᫥⥫쭮  .
⮡ 믮 ୮  ८ࠧ    ᫥⥫쭮
 , 짮⥫   ᫥騥 :

          cd/
          cp/unix unix.bkp
          /ect/brant<serial#><actionkey> /unix
          /etc/shutdown

      㧨 ᢮ ⥬  ࠧ. 饭  訡
 ࠭ ନ ⮡ࠦ  㤥.

                            -19-22-

            祭 ଠ樨  䥪⭮ ஦

     䥪 ஦ 室騥  ⪮ ᪥ ⮡ࠦ-
  ६ 믮  楤  ⠭.    ⢨
  樮  ⥬ ᪫  ᯮ짮 -
䥪 .  ६ 믮 樨 ⥭- -
䥪  ஦  ᯮ.    ,  ⥫ 
⪮ ⭮ ᪥   ᯮ  䥪  ஦
᫥ ⮣,   믮 ⠭ ⥬  ந -
  ,  뤠,     ਬ, ᮮ饭 
訡:

        訡  ⪮ ᪥: ࠢ=0
        ன⢮ = 0/47  = 31434   = 00000020
        ﭨ=00005180, ᥪ=62899, 樫/=483/4

     ᫨     ,    㯥  짮⥫
(୥)  室  ⨫ badtrk(ADM), ⢨
ன  樮 ⥬   ६  ᢮  ࠡ
  饭     䥪⭮ ஦ ( ஦).
  ⮬,  ண ⨫ badtrk 믮   -
  ࠧ襭   ⠪,   ᯮ짮  ०
 ࠭   ⥫   ⪮  ⭮
᪥. ண ⨫ badtrk  믮  ० -
⢥ 짮⥫. ᯮ ⨫ /etc/shutdown su 
室   ० ⢥ 짮⥫   짮-
⥫᪮ ० ( 祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨  -
 ⨫ shutdown(ADM),   ᠭ   㪮-
⢥).
      ᬮ,     㤠 ᥩ  ⠡
䥪⭮ ஦, 室  ⨫ badtrk, 
믮 㪠 ⢨,  ᯮ  ⮣ 㭪樮-
 .  祭 ⥫ ᢥ  ᯮ짮
 権,  짮⥫ 室   㪮⢥ -
 ࠧ,   ஬ 뢠 ࠡ ⨫ badtrk(ADM).
                           -20-1-

                             20

                ᯮ짮 ⥬ ᮫
                        梥 ᯫ
                                                    
㯫.......................................   20-1
롮 ⨯  ᮫....................   20-2
筮 ४祭 ० ࠡ ....   20-2
 ० ࠡ     ६
ࠡ...........................................   20-3
ᯮ짮 ࠭......................   20-4
࠭  - .............   20-5
  ⮢..........................   20-6
ࠢ 梥묨 ᯫﬨ, 믮塞 ⨫-
⮩ setcolor.....................................   20-7
 梥⮢ ।   .......   20-7
 梥⮢ ⭮  ࠦ.....   20-8
 梥 ࠬ ࠭................   20-8
ࠢ  ....................   20-8
 ࠭.....................................   20-9

                         㯫

        ਢ ᠭ ⨫,  ᯮ-
  ࠡ  ⥬ ᮫  㣨 梥묨 -
ﬨ.  ᯫ  ᮫  ᮥ  ⠭ ஬
ᯫ ,   梥 ନ  ᯫ ᮥ  -
 १ ᯥ樠 .
          ࠧ    믮
᫥騥 ⢨:
     . ⠭   ⨯  ᮫  (  
       ), ᯮ  ⮣ ⨫ kbmode(ADM).
     . ᯮ짮 ⨫ multiscreen(M)  ࠢ -
       ࠭  ⢥ ᯫ.
     .  ,  ᯮ㥬  ࠭ ᯫ, ⨫-
       ⮩ vidi(C).
     .  梥,  ⮡ࠦ  ࠭ 梥 -
       ஢, ⨫⮩ setcolor(C).
     ᫨ 짮⥫ 室  ⠭  ᫥⥫
᮫,    ॡ  ࠧ "⠭ ᫥-
⥫쭮 ᮫"   " ⮢, ନ  -
",  ਢ   㪮⢥.

                            -20-2-

                 롮 ⨯  ᮫

     樮 ⥬ ᯥ稢  ० ࠡ -
:    .  㬮砭 ⥬ ⠭ 䨣-
 .  ०  ᯥ稢 ७  ⮢,
 ⮬  ᯮ짮   101  102  -
.    㤥 ࠡ ࠢ쭮  ०
,   ७  祩  ࠡ ᯮ짮 
㤥. 짮⥫   ⠭ 䨣 
   ,  ⫨   , ࠡ 
० . ⥬  㤥 ᯮ 室 , -
騥  , ᫨  믮  ⢨.  -
 ஢  ⠭ ० ࠡ  -
 ᯮ짮 ⨫ kbmode(ADM).
          -
 ,   ० ࠡ    ன    ᯥ祭.
⮡  ஢ ० ࠡ   । ᯥ祭
 ० , 짮⥫  맢 ⨫ kbmode  -
஢  ᫥騬 ࠧ:

          kbmode test

     ਬ ᨨ    ᯮ짮  ⨫  kbmode  ०
஢ ਢ .   ஢  
 室 ࠬ஢, 㪠   ⮬:
     +--------------------------------------------------------
     |   # ஢ઠ, 믮塞 ⨫⮩ # kbmode test.
     |   ன, ᯮ㥬  ⥪騩  ६ -
     |     .
     |    室 । ᯥ祭   ०  -
     |    ?
     |   ᫨   ⠪   y ().
     |    ६  믮 ஢  㤥 -
     |   ॢ  ० ࠡ .
     |   ᫥    짮⥫ 室  
     |    ஡    ࠧ.
     |    ⮢  砫  ࠡ?
     |     ⢥ y (), ᫨  ⠪.
     |    ᥩ    ஡!
     |    㤥 ॢ  ०  ᯮ짮  
     |   㬮砭.
     |      ᯥ祭 ० ࠡ .
     |   #

                            -20-2-

      ᫥ 믮  ⢨ 㤥 믮 ६
樠 ᯫ  ० ࠡ .

         筮 ४祭 ० ࠡ 

     ⨫ kbmode   ⠪ ᯮ짮  ⠭
०.  ᯮ   ਢ    ४-
祭  ० /  ० / ᮮ⢥⢥:

          kbmode at
          kbmode xt

                            -20-3-

     ० ࠡ    ६ ࠡ

     ⮡  ०  ࠡ  ,  ᯮ㥬  
⥬  㬮砭,   ६ ࠡ,  ࠭ -
   ⠭ ࠬ  KBTYPE.  ⮡ -
  ࠬ  KBTYPE  짮⥫    ண  ⨫
configure(ADM)  ᯮ짮   ⨫ 13.  ᯮ-
  樨 ᠭ  ࠧ "ࠬ, 騥 
 ।  ".  ᫨  짮⥫  
 ࠬ,  ᯮ짮 ⨫⮩ configure ,   
室  ࠧ ।஢    樮  ⥬
⠪,      ᠭ  㬥 "祭 ࠩ஢ -
ன ணࠬ ।".

                            -20-4-

                  ᯮ짮 ࠭

     ᯮ짮 ࠭   짮⥫  ࠡ-
  ᢮ ᮫,   ᪮쪨 ନ   
  ६.  ⨥ ⮩ 樨 祩  -
⥫  ३   ࠭  㣮  ⮬  -
࠭   ᨬ ନ.
          ࠭  ᨬ   㣠,  
짮⥫  ॣ஢  ண  ணࠬ  
 ࠭.    室 , 祭  ணࠬ
࠭   ࠭,   짮⥫  ᬮ
設⢮   室 ,  ᮧ   ࠭.
᫨ 짮⥫ ਮ⠭ 뢮   ࠭, ਬ
 ६  樨 祩 <CTL>s ,  ࠡ  -
 ⮫쪮   ࠭.
     ⢮   㯭    । -
⢮ ࠭,    ᯮ짮    ⥬
짮⥫.  ᫨ 짮⥫ 㦠 ᢮ ⥬,   
࠭ ନ 뢮 ⢮  ࠭,    
  ⮬᪨ ⠭ 樮 ⥬. 
設⢠ ஢ ᫮ 㯭 ࠭ -
      ,   짮⥫  ⠭ 
᢮ ,        ࠭,  ᫨
  짮⥫      ꥬ .
⮡ 㢥 ⢮ ࠭  ⥬  짮-
,  室  㢥 ꥬ  .  
࠭  ⥬ 㤥 믮 ⮬᪨.
         ࠭     ⨢-
  ࠡ ६,   짮⥫ 㢨 ⮫쪮 
࠭  -  ६. ࠭ ࠭ -
祭 ନ,   "ᮥ"  ன.  ४祭
  ࠭  室  㣮 ନ ⮬, 
 ࠭  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ 䠩 ன⢠.
     ।⢮ ࠭ ᯥ祭 ᯮ 䠩
ன /dev/tty[01...02].  䠩
ᯥ稢 ᨬ -뢮  樮 ⥬
짮⥫, ࠭   ன.
     ⮡  - ⨢ ࠭, 室 
  祩 <ALT>-Fn ,   Fn    㭪-
樮  祩 ᯮ  .  㭪樮
  ᭮ ࠧ  ਭ 孥   
    室  쭥  ஭ .  
⨨ 樨 祩 <Alt><F1> ,  ⨢  ନ
tty01  ,    ⨨ 祩 <Alt><F2> ⨢ ନ
tty02 ,    ⨨ 祩 <Alt><F3> ⨢ ନ

                            -20-5-

tty03  ⠪ .  ਬ, ⨥ 祩 <Alt><F6> -
 ४祭  6 ࠭,   ४祭  䠩 -
ன⢠ /dev/tty06.
     짮⥫ ⠪    ᬮ ࠭,  -
  ⮣   祩 ࠢ   ࠭
<CTL>-PrtSc (ᯮ  ⮣  <CTL>   PrtSc ). -
    祩  㯠  ࠭,  
  ।ᬮ७ 㭪樮 祩.  ਬ, ᫨
 ⥬ 짮⥫   㯭 ࠭,
    ᯮ ⮫쪮   㭪樮-
 祩,   ⮣ ⮡ ३   ࠭
ᯫ,  室    祩  <Alt><F10>  ,
  室    ⮬  ࠭  ⥬   
祩 <CTL>-PrtScr  室  ⮬ ࠭.  ⮡
   ⮬ ࠭,  짮⥫  
ࠧ    祩 <CTL>PrtScr . ⨥  -
  祩 <CTL>PrtScr  ࠧ ⢫ ४祭 -
⭮  ࢮ ࠭,    ନ tty01.
      ,   楫  ࠭ -
  ᯮ짮  樨 㭪樮 祩 <CTL><Alt> 
   <Alt> 㭪樮 .  -
  ᮡ   ᯮ짮  ਪ ⥬,
 १ࢨ  <Alt>  㭪樮    
᢮  ᮡ⢥ ᯮ짮.  䨣  祩
  ⠭ ⨫⮩ mapkey(ADM).
     ⥫쭠 ଠ     ਢ 
ᠭ ⨫ multiscreen(M)  screen(HW).

              ࠭    

        ᪨   -
 ⨫⮩ multiscreens . 砫  稭  ᭮-
 ,   ࠭   ॢ  -
 ० ࠡ    vidi(C).
     ⨬묨  ஢ :  "mono",  "cga", 
"vga".
     ਬ, ᫨   짮⥫ ⠭ -
  EGA    ⢥  ᭮   ஬ 
(MONO)   ஬,    ࠭,  ,
 ⠥ 짮⥫,   ᯥ祭 MONO ஬,
  ॢ   ० ᫥饩 :

          vidi mono

                            -20-6-

                      ⮢

      ࠭   뢥     ᨬ-
,  ନ㥬  ᯫ  ஬,  ᯮ짮 
⮣ ⨫⮩ vidi(C). 筮, ᫨  ᯮ殮 짮-
  ᮫  ᯫ ஬,    
ᨬ,  ᠭ  ﭭ 饥 ன⢮ (-
  ROM),    ᪠  뢮  ࠭ ᯫ ⮫쪮 
ᨬ,     ﭭ 饥 -
ன⢮.   ,   䠩 mapchan , ନ஢
 ᮫,  ᮮ⢥⢮  ᨬ, ।-
  ﭭ 饬 ன⢥ ᯫ .
 䠩 ᯮ  ⮡ࠦ ᥣ ⮢ .
     ᫨ 짮⥫ ॡ ४  ᨬ,  -
ᠭ  ﭭ 饥 ன⢮  楫 ।-
 ⥫ ᯫ ⮢  -  ᯫ-
 ,    楫 室 ᯮ짮 ⨫
vidi(C).  ਬ,   VGA  짮⥫ ⮡-
  ࠭ ᯫ   ࠧࠬ 88, 814  816.
     ⨫ vidi(C) ।         
 ᨬ ஢.  ਢ  䠩 ⮢ -
஢  ⠫   /usr/lib/vidi.
     +----------------+-----------+------------+------------+
     |  ᨬ |  88 |  814 |  816 |
     +----------------+-----------+------------+------------+
     | ⠭    | font8x8   | font8x14   | font8x14   |
     |  PC         |           |            |            |
     +----------------+-----------+------------+------------+
     | ISO 8859/1     | iso.8x8   | iso.8x14   | iso.8x16   |
     |                |           |            |            |
     +----------------+-----------+------------+------------+
     |  ᪠- | nor.8x8   | nor.8x14   | nor.8x16   |
     | ᪨ PC        |           |            |            |
     +----------------+-----------+------------+------------+
     |  㣠- | por.8x8   | por.8x14   | por.8x16   |
     | ᪨ PC        |           |            |            |
     +----------------+-----------+------------+------------+
     |  ᯠ᪨  | spa.8x8   | spa.8x14   | spa.8x16   |
     | PC             |           |            |            |
     +----------------+-----------+------------+------------+
     |  ᪨  | grk.8x8   | grk.8x14   | grk.8x16   |
     | PC             |           |            |            |
     +----------------+-----------+------------+------------+

                            -20-7-

      ࠢ 梥묨 ᯫﬨ, 믮塞 ⨫⮩
                       setcolor

     ⨫ setcolor(C)    ⮩  ⨫⮩,  
 믮 ࠢ 梥⠬, ᯮ㥬묨  ࠭
ᯫ. ( setcolor 筮  뢠 ﭨ  ࠡ-
  ஬  ᯫ  ନ).   梥 ।
,  ⠪  梥     ⠭  -
  16  梥⮢  ᨬ   㣠.  ⨫ setcolor
⠪  ⠭ 梥 ⭮  ࠦ  梥-
 ᪨ ᨬ.
      ६ ࠡ    ᯮ짮 ᫥騥
梥:

     㡮               筥      
     _ 㡮   _             
                               
     _  _       _     _

    ⮡ 뢥  梥  ࠭ ,   맮-
 ⨫ setcolor  㪠 権.   ਢ -
ᠭ ᯮ㥬 䫠.   㬥, ᠭ , -
࠭ "梥" 롨ࠥ  ਢ ᯨ᪠ 梥⮢.

            梥⮢ ।   

        ਢ  ਬ,  짮⥫ -
 ⠭  梥 । ,  ⠪  梥  
 ⮩ :

          set color red white

        믮   ᨬ   梥
  䮭. ᫨ ᠭ ⮫쪮  梥,   梥
⮫쪮  ।  .  ⮡    梥  ,
짮⥫,     ਢ  ਬ, -
 ᯮ짮  - :

          setcolor -b red

          梥  ,  -
  梥 䮭.

                            -20-8-

           梥⮢ ⭮ ࠦ

     㭪 ⭮ ࠦ 筮  梥-
 ।   䮭.  setcolor  ⠭-
  梥 ᨬ   㣠. ਬ:
          setcolor -r blue red
       ⠭ 㡮 梥  ।  䮭
⭮    ࠦ    梥  䮭 -
⭮  ࠦ.

                梥 ࠬ ࠭

     짮⥫ ⠪   梥 ࠬ  -
,   ।  ⥪,  ⮡ࠦ  ࠭
ᯫ, ਬ:
          setcolor -o green
       ਬ  setcolor  梥 ࠬ
  ⠭    梥    ⢨  ⠢
 梥⮢ ᯫ.

                 ࠢ  

         㭪権  setcolor  -
ࠢ  㪮  ,   筮 ஥  ᯫ 
.  ⮡  ⮭ 砭  ,  짮⥫
    ⠭  蠣  த⥫쭮 砭.
(  ஬⪮ ६,  塞  ᥪ㭤,
 த⥫쭮     ᥪ㭤). ᫨ -
  ,    祩 control-G  (-
)   믮   ⢥⮬  ࠭  
믮饩 . ਬ:
          setcolor -p 500 2
       ⠭ 让 蠣     -
⥫쭮 砭.  ६ 믮   -
⠭ 訩 ࠧ 蠣   ᠬ    த-
⥫쭮   砭.   ਬ,      ਢ  
⠭ ⥫  ⮭쭮 砭 :
          setcolor -p 7000 8
      ,   ࠧ,  짮⥫ -
   祩 <CTL>g,  砭  㤥 -
筮 ⮬, ஥ 뫮 ⠭ ࠭.

                            -20-9-

                           ࠭

     ࠭ -n  setcolor ⠭ 梥  ࠭ 
""  ᨬ  ୮  䮭.

                             21

                  ⠭ ஭ 
                                                     
㯫........................................   21-1
८ࠧ 䠩 䨣樨................   21-2
८ࠧ 䠩 ᥢ...................   21-2
⠭ 䨣樨  Micnet................   21-3
⠭ 䨣樨  UUCP..................   21-4
筮 ।஢ 䠩 䨣樨.........   21-6
䨪 䠩 mmdftailor......................   21-6
   .........................   21-6
 প...................................   21-8
஢ ।.............................   21-8
 ।.............................   21-8
। ᥢ............................   21-9
 ।.............................   21-9
। ................................   21-11
஢ ॣ樨................................   21-12
। ᥢ...........................   21-13
 alias.list...................................   21-13
 alias.user...................................   21-14
஢  䠩..................   21-14
 䠩....................................   21-15
 䠩...................................   21-16
ਬ ...................................   21-18
䨪  ...........................   21-19
㦨 ⥬  MMDF........................   21-20

                            -21-1-

                      㯫

     樮 ⥬  ᯮ  ⥬  MMDF  (।⢮
⨪쭮 । ࠭㬠 ᨨ II,  -
樨  #32)   ࠢ  ।⢥  १ 
Micnet, UUCP  㣨 ,  㦨 ⥬ MMDF.
     ⮡ ⠭  MMDF , 室 ᯮ짮 -
 custom(ADM)  ନ஢ 䨣樨  ⥬.
 ⨫ ᯮ  뫪  쭮 -
.
     ⥬ MMDF    ᢮⢮  㭪樮쭮 
㤮 ࠨ  䨣 ⮢ .   㣨
ࠣ    ਢ ᭥ ᫥饩 -
樨:
     .  ࠧ ᯫ஢ ⥬ MMDF   ந  
  㤮  짮⥫ (ᯮ ⨫ 饭 
筮 ।஢ 䠩 䨣樨).
     .  ࠧ ந    MMDF 直
ࠧ,    믮   ᥢ  ଠ樨 
.
     .  ࠧ ⢨ 㦨  ⥬  MMDF  
 ࠧ   .

                            -21-2-

               ८ࠧ 䠩 䨣樨

      楫    ⠭ 䨣樨 -
⥬ DF , ᯮ  ⨫⠬  ८ࠧ,  
।祭   ᮧ ᮢ⨬  ⥬ MMDF ஫
  䠩,  砥  䠩 ଠ  XENIX.  -
  ⨫,    ᮧ  믮 -
 ।஢ 䠩 䨣樨 ⥬ MMDF  -
        䨣樨  ⥩  Micnet    UUCP.  ⮡
ନ஢ 䨣  ᫮  ⥬,  짮⥫
室  ।஢   䠩 䨣樨 ⥬
MMDF.
     । ⥬,  짮⥫ 㯨  믮 -
- ८ࠧ, ॡ ⠭  १ࢭ  
ᥢ  XENIX    䠩.  ᫥ ⠭ ⥬
MMDF ⨫⮩ custom , 짮⥫  ⠭ ᫥-
騥 䠩:
          /usr/lib/mail/aliases
          /usr/lib/mail/top
          /usr/lib/uucp/Systems

      ᫥饬  ࠧ     ࠧ 
믮 ८ࠧ 䠩 XENIX  䠩  ଠ  ⥬
MMDF. ᫨  짮⥫   ᥢ ଠ
XENIX   䠩,  室 ᮧ  ᥢ-
  ଠ MMDF   ⠡ ( 祭 -
⥫쭮 ଠ樨 짮⥫   ࠧ  "-
  ").
    直 ࠧ,   믮 -  ᥢ-
  MMDF   ⭮ ଠ樨,  짮⥫ 室
ந 㦭   (  祭 ⥫쭮
ଠ樨 짮⥫   ࠧ " 䨪 -
 ").

              ८ࠧ 䠩 ᥢ

     ⨫ mmdfalias 믮  ᥢ  䠩,
믮  ८ࠧ  ଠ 樮 ⥬ XENIX.
ਬ:
                設?짮⥫

믮 ८ࠧ    ଠ  ⥬ MMDF.  ਬ:

                짮⥫@設

ਬ: 㡮?襢 ᨤ ⠭ 襢 ᨤ@ 㡮.

                            -21-3

     ⨫ mmdfalias ⠪ ࠧ ८ࠧ ᮤঠ-
 䠩 XENIX   䠩 ⥬ MMDF ,   ᮤন-
 ᯨ᮪ ⨯ ᥢ  ᥢ, ᨬ 짮-
   .   ⠪,  ⮡ 䠩 ᥢ XENIX
 ࠧ ࠢ쭮  ,  ।  砫  ८ࠧ
।  䠩  /usr/lib/mail/aliases,   ॡ
⠭  ⭮     ਢ 
ப ਥ.  ப ᯮ  ⢥ ࠧ-
⥫  ᯨ᪠  ⨯  ᥢ    ᥢ  짮-
⥫-設.   ⠪,  ⮡ ᥢ ᯨ᪠ 室
। ࠧ⥫,  ⮡ ⮡ࠦ 짮⥫-設 -
⢥⢮ ᫥饬 :

          #짮⥫-設 ⮡ࠦ

     ⥬, ⮡  믮  ८ࠧ  䠩 ᥢ
樮 ⥬ XENIX  ଠ ⥬ MMDF  ,    
⠫  mmdf   ணࠬ ८ࠧ /usr/mmdf/
table/tools/mmdfalias.  ணࠬ ᪠  ⠫
/usr/mmdf/table.  ਢ ਬ ᪠    ண-
ࠬ.
          cd /usr/mmdf/table
          tools/mmdfalias

     ணࠬ mmdfalias  ᮧ    䠩 alias.list 
alias.list  ⥪饬 ⠫  (  砥 䠩 ᮧ-
   ⠫  /usr/mmdf/table).  । 믮 
   䠩  室  ⠫   /usr/mmdf/
table.

             ⠭ 䨣樨 

     ᫨ 室 ⠭  , 室騩 १
 MMDF , 室 ந  ⥬ MMDF  
䠩,  ᯮ   ⮣ 䠩 ⮯ /usr/lib/ mail/top.
 ⮣,  ᭠砫 㡥  ⮬,   ⮯  Micnet
஥ ࠢ쭮.  ஢ઠ ⮯  믮 ண-
ࠬ netutil .   䠩 /usr/lib/mail/top    室
        ஢,  ᮥ   
Micnet . ਬ:

           ttyla 㡮 tty9600
           ttyla  tty9600

                             -21-4-

       㤥 㪠뢠  ,    "-
"  "㡮" ᮥ   ⢥ "୮"  "-
".
     ᫥ ⮣ ॣ  ⢥ 짮⥫ mmdf
 ᯮ ⨫ mmlist(ADM)  ஥ 䠩 micnet.
dom  micnet.chn ⥬ MMDF. ਬ:

          cd/usrmmdf/table
          tools/mnlist

     ᫥ ⮣  㡥  ⮬,      䠩
뫨 ஥ ࠢ쭮.  ⮣ 室 ᬮ 䠩-
 micnet.dom  micnet.chn  㡥  ⮬,    䠩-
 ᮤঠ     , ਬ:

          micnet.dom:
                 .UUCP
               㡮 㡮.UUCP
                .UUCP

          micnet.chn:
               .UUCP   : %S
               㡮.UUCP  㡮: %S
               .UUCP  : %S

     ,   "UUCP" ᢮ ࠬ, ᯮ-
   Micnet .  ⮡   ,  室
 ।஢  䠩 micnet.dom   micnet.chn  ᫥
ண ⨫ mnlist ,   믮 ।஢ ணࠬ-
 mnlist(ADM)   ப "LDOMAIN=UUCP".   -
  ࠦ  .  ᫥ ⮣ 室 -
 ⨫ mnlist ,   ᯮ    楫  ᮧ
   䠩   室 .
     ᫥ ⮣,     䠩 ନ஢  -
⠭,      ⢨ 믮 筮   ᫮
ॣ樨 짮⥫  䠩 ⥬ mmdf  宦 
⠫  /usr/mmdf/table , 믮 ஥  
᫥騬 ࠧ:

     dbmbuild

              ⠭ 䨣樨  UUCP

     ᫨ 짮⥫  ॡ  ⠭    ,
室騥 १  UUCP ,    ⮬ 砥 室 -

                            -21-5-

ந  ⥬ MMDF   䠩,  롨 ଠ
  䠩 /usr/lib/uucp/Systems.    䠩 ᮤন -
ଠ  ⮯  짮⥫, ᯮ㥬
 ⢨ ஢  ᮡ. ਬ:

 obie Any ACU 1200 4444444 ogin:-BREAK-ogin:BREAK-ogin: \
  uubig word: wetrot
 marva Any1800-0700 ACU 2400 18888888"" \r ogin:BREAK-ogin: \
  -BREAK-ogin:nuucp
 uunet Any1800-0700 ACU 2400 17031111111 ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \
  -BREAK-ogin:xytpq sword: grm5q

     ᫥ ⮣ 室   䠩 ⥬ mmdf  -
짮  uulist  ஥ 䠩 uucp.dom  uucp.
chn ⥬ MMDF , ਬ:

          cd/usr/mmdf/table
          tools/uulist

     ⮡ 㡥  ⮬,       䠩 -
஥ ࠢ쭮, ᬮ 䠩 uucp.dom  uucp.chn  -
   䠩     設,  ᯮ㥬  
 UUCP . ਬ:

          uucp.dom:
                obie   obie.UUCP
                marva  marva.UUCP
                uunet  uunet.UUCP

          uucp.chn:
                obie.UUCP   obie:%S
                marva.UUCP  marva:%S
                uunet.UUCP  uunet:%S

      ᫮ 宦  䠩 ⥬ mmdf  ᯮ짮-
  ⥪饣 ⠫  /usr/mmdf/table ,  ᫥ ନ஢
   ணࠬ,  믮 ன  
᫥騬 ࠧ:

          dbmbuild

                            -21-6-

           筮 ।஢ 䠩 䨣樨

     䨣 ⥬     MMDF     稭        䠩
/usr/mmdf/mmdfftailor .  䠩 ।  設
  , ࠧ ⠡,   ᮤঠ ᢥ-
  ᥢ,   ,   ଠ, ⭮-
  䨣樨 .  alias.list  alias.user ᮤ-
 ।  ᥢ.    .dom    .chn  ।
  ଠ,  室    ঠ  
⭮ ⮪.   ࠧ "ਬ "  ਢ
ᢥ  ⮬,  ࠧ ⥬ MMDF ᯮ ᥢ-
   ⠡.
     ⮡  䨣 ⥬ MMDF, 室 
 䠩 ⥬ mmdf  ।஢  䠩  䨣樨.
直  ࠧ,    짮⥫   - ᯮᮡ
ᥢ ⥬ MMDF    ଠ,  室
ନ஢  㦭 ଠ,  ࠭   
( 祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨    -
室    ஥  ⥩ 䠩  ࠧ "䨪
 ").
       ࠧ   ਢ   ᭥  ⥩   䠩
mmdftailor,  ᥢ   䠩,  ⭥
ᥣ,  짮⥫     ६ ⠭ ⥬
MMDF.   ࠭ 㪮⢠ mmdftailor(F)  tables(F) ᮤ-
  ᠭ ଠ⮢ ᯮ㥬 䠩.

                䨪 䠩 mmdftailor

      mmdftailor     䠩  䨣樨  孥
஢ ⥬ .    䠩 ᮤন ଠ   㪮-
⢮  ⥬ MMDF     䠩 䨣樨.

                      

      ᪮쪮 ப, 室  䠩 mmdftailor -
।   .  짮⥫ ⠭-
 ⥬ MMDF  ᯮ짮  ⨫  custom  ,    
ப ࢮ砫쭮 ନ ଠ ᫥饣 :

          MLDOMAIN UUCP
          MLNAME 㡮

     UUCP  騬  ,    "㡮"  
 .

                            -21-7-

     ᫨ ᯮ  䨣 ⥬,  짮-
⥫      ,    ᯮ짮  
, 筮 ਢ. 짮⥫  -
     ᫥ :
     . ᫨ 짮⥫  樠쭮 ॣ஢
  ,  ஥  ஢   ⮩ १
஢ .  楫 祭 ଠ樨  ॣ樨  -
 ,   :
     ⥢ ଠ樮 業 DDN
     㭠த SRI
       333,  EJ291
      , ୨  94025 .
     . ᫨    ᯮ殮  짮⥫     ᪮쪮
஢, ᯮ㥬  ,  室 ᫠ -
 ᯥ樠⠬ 㣮        ,
ᯮ㥬   ,   ஬ 㤭 㤥 
.
     ᫨ 짮⥫            (ਬ,
sco.),      室  ᤥ    
ப 䠩 mmdftailor.  ᫨  ᯮ殮  짮-
⥫  ᪮쪮 ஢,      -
쭮    䠩 mmdftailor . ਬ:
          MLDOMAIN COM
          MLNAME sco
          MLOCMACHINE 㡮
      㣨  ⥬  UUCP  騬 祭ﬨ 
MLDOMAIN  祭 ,   ᯮ  -
᪨ ࣠  祭 EDU ,  ᯮ  -
,  騬 ࠧ.   MLNAME 㪠-
      짮⥫,  ஥ 㤥 ⭮ 
ᥩ .  MLOCMACHINE ᮤন 쭮  .
     । MCOCMACHINE    짮⥫  
쭮    ॣ஢  ᢮ -
   ᭮ ⮣ ᯥ樠,  뫠騩 , 
  ७  . ᫨ 짮⥫ -
  設  ⢥ ,   ⥬ ᠬ  
ᮧ  ⨢  .   ⨢  
 짮⥫   㭨묨  ⮬  -
 ࠢ   ᯥ樠, ࠡ饬   
  㪠 쭮     .
      ਬ ਢ ,    , sco -
       "㡮"   
.  짮⥫  ࠡ   ,  -
  "襢 ᨤ",  ਭ ,  -
 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
          襢_ᨤ@sco.COM

                            -21-8-

                         প

      ᫥饩  ப  䠩 mmdftailor । ,  
஬ ⥬ MMDF 㤥 뫠   ,    
    ।  饭  ࠢ⥫ .
ਬ:
          MSUPPORT ⬥@㡮.sco.COM

      㪠   MSUPPORT ,    ᮫⭮
ࠢ.  ᫨    ᠭ ࠢ쭮  ⥬ 
 । 室 ।     -
,   ⥬ ᮧ   ,   -
।   ,       ࠡ  
⥬.
       짮⥫,   砫 ।-
  .    祭     砥 쭮
짮⥫ ⥫ ।   ।⥫쭥
⠪,     砥 ᯮ  ⮩ .  
᭮ ⮣,  ⭮,     -
⮢ ᮬ.

                     ஢ ।

     ᫨ 室 ᯮ짮  ⥬  MMDF    ।
  䠩  ⠫,  ⫨  ,   ᯮ-
  䠩, ਭ⮥  㬮砭,    ॣ஢
짮⥫  ⠫   /usr/spool/mail,   䠩  -
 ப ᥩ,  ਢ :
          MDLVRDIR ""
          MMBXNAME ".⮢_騪"
          MMBXPROT 0600
     ᫨ ࠭ MDLVRDIR ᮤন 㫥 祭,  -
 MMDF । ७ ⠫    짮⥫.  ᫨ -
࠭ MMBXNAME ᮤন 㫥 祭,   ⥬  MMDF  -
  ॣ  짮⥫    ⢥    䠩
⮢ 騪.  ࠭ MMBXPROT ⠭  ०  
  䠩 ⮢ 騪  ⥬  ஬ 쬥 -
஢,   chmod(C) ᯮ  믮 -
    ६  ࠧ襭  .   ᮮ⢥⢨  
ਬ஬, ⥬ MMDF ।   䠩 ".⮢_騪",
室騩  ७ ⠫   짮⥫,   ண
⠭ ०  䠩.   ⮬   䠩  -
   ᯥ稢 ⮫쪮  䠩.

                            -21-8-

                      ।

      ᫥饬  ࠧ 䠩 mmdftailor । ᥢ-
,     ⠡.  ப 䠩 뢠
᮪饭    來   ᮤন ⠡, -
 室  ⠫   /usr/mmdf/table. 饭 
ᯮ    䠩  ⢥ ⥭᪮
,   뫠  ⠡ 䠩.   來
  ᢠ    ணࠬ  ⢥ ᯫ
ப, ᯮ㥬  ᭥ 祭 ⠡.
     ਬ, ⠡ ᥢ ⮡ࠦ 짮⥫--
   । ᫥騬 ࠧ:

          MTBL auser, file="alias.user", show="User Aliases"

        䠩 /usr/mmdf/table/alias.user     
 auser  ࠡ  ⠢襩  䠩 mmdftailor.
     , ⭥ ᥣ,  騥 । 䠩  
 , 짮⥫  ॡ ଠ 
⮬  ࠧ  ⠡ 뫠 ।   믮-
 䨪権 㣨 ⥩ 䠩 mmdftailor . ᫨ 짮-
⥫ ⠭  ,   室      䠩
mmdftailor  ᮮ⢥騥 । ⠡,  ⭮騥 
 ⥢ ⠭ .

                             -21-9-

                     । ᥢ

      ALIAS  ।  ࠧ  筨  ଠ樨
ᥢ,  ᯮ  ⮬ ᮪饭 ,  ᠭ 
। MTBL .   ⠡ ᥢ   -
 ᫥騬 ࠪ⨪:
     ७ 䠩  (trusted):  ७  䠩 ᥢ
 ࠢ ,   㤥 祭 - 䠩-
   ᮬ,  ᯮ  ⮣ ࠧ襭 -
짮⥫ ⥬ ( ୥  짮⥫).  쪮
㯥 짮⥫  㯮  믮 䨪樨
७ 䠩 ᥢ.
     樥 "室 饭" (nobypass):   
堭 室 ᥢ    ᯮ짮 ᥢ
 ६ ࠡ⪨  䠩.
      ਢ  ᪮쪮  ਬ஢ । ᥢ-
.  ਬ ᫥騥:

          ALIAS table=lalias, trusted, nobypass
          ALIAS table=auser

     ⥬ MMDF 믮  ⠡ ᥢ  ⮬  -
浪,    ஬   ନ஢ 짮⥫,  ᯮ 
⮣  ᥢ,  ஢७  ᮮ⢥⢨, 
믮  㣨 ஢ப  ᮮ⢥⢨  ᬠਢ 
  ६ ⠡.   ࠧ "। ᥢ-
"  ᮤন  ᠭ  ⮣,   ࠧ  ᮧ
䠩 ᥢ.

                      ।

      MCHN । ,  ᯮ㥬 ⥬ MMDF
 । .    堭,  ᯮ-
  । , ࠢ塞   ⮢ 騪 
  設  १   㤠 .
      ।  ॡ  ࠩ     :
  ᯮ  । 쭮 ,   㣮
ᯮ  ࠡ⪨ ꥬ ⮢ ᯨ᪮ (  -
  㪮⢠    ࠧ,   ਢ ᠭ ⨫
list(ADM), ᮤঠ ᭥  ⮬,  ࠧ  -
  ࠡ  ⮢ ᯨ᪮).  짮⥫ 室
। 㣨   楫 ᯥ祭  ⥢  ⮪-
,  ॡ   䨣樨 ⥬. -
 । 룫 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

                            -21-10-

     MCHN local, show="Local Delivery", que=local,
          tbl=local, ap=same, pgm=local, mod=imm
     MCHN list, show="List Processing", que=list,
          tbl=local, ap=same, pgm=local, mod=imm,
          host="sco.COM", confstr=sender
     MCHN uucp, show="UUCP Delivery", que=uucp,
          tbl=uuchn, ap=822, pgm=uucp, mod=imm
     MCHN michn, show="Micnet Delivery", que=micnet,
          tbl=mnchn, ap=same, pgm=micnet, mod=imm
     MCHN badhosts, show="Last-chance routing",
          que=badhosts,tbl=mnchn, ap=same, pgm=micnet,
          mod=imm, host="sco.sco.COM"

     冷 । MCHN ,  ⠪  ⥬ MMDF  -
   ⠡  ⠭ 浪.
     ᫥ , ।  ਬ (  badhosts),
ᯮ  , ࠢ   , -
  ᯮ ணࠬ submit(ADM).   ࠢ-
   ,     ᢮ ᯮ-
      .  ࠭  badhosts  뢠   
騩  ,  ⠪       易  ᢮
ᮡ⢥  ࠭ᯮ⭮ ணࠬ.   ᥢ-  -
  Micnet  ।     "㬭" -
 .  ᫨  badhosts  ,    
ࠢ  ⭮  ,  頥 
 , 㤠  뫠 ᫠.
        ।    㬥⮬  
.  ਢ ࠬ, ᯮ㥬  ।
 .  ࠬ ᫥騥:

     show          ࠬ  砥 ⥫쭮 ,
                  ᯮ㥬 ।묨 ணࠬ   -
                  ⢥ ᯫ ப  ᭥ -
                   㭪権.
     que           ࠬ 뢠  ⠫    /usr
                  /spool/mmdf/lock/home,   ஬ ନ
                  ।  ᮮ饭    .  
                   稭  䨪 "q" ,    -
                    ନ஢  ⠫
                  (  祭  ⥫쭮  ଠ樨
                       짮⥫  -
                   ࠧ   㪮⢥,    ஬
                  뢠 ⨫ queue(F).

                               -21-10-

     tbl            ࠬ  ᯮ  ᮪饭
                  ,  祭  । MTBL, -
                     ᠭ 쭮 ⠡.
     ap            ࠬ 롨ࠥ ⨯  ࠬ-
                  ᪮  ࠧ,  ᯮ㥬    
                  室 ᮮ饭.
                  "822" ८ࠧ      ⨯  RFC822.
                  "same"  ८ࠧ .
     pgm           ࠬ 㪠뢠  ணࠬ  -
                    ⠫   /usr/mmdf/chans, 
                  砥    ணࠬ  deliver(ADM)  
                  ७      㦭   
                    ।     㤠
                  .
     mod           ࠬ ⠭  ० ।
                   .
                  imm -  ࠬ 뫠  ࠧ
                  .
                  reg -  ࠬ ⠢    -
                  ।     뫠 ,  짮⥫ 
                  ண ணࠬ deliver    ⮣,  ⮡
                  ⢨⥫쭮  ᫠  १ ॣ㫨-
                   .  (  ᯮ  -
                  ⥬  㬮砭).
     host          㬥 뢠  魮 -
                    ,  ஬   । 
                  ,   ᯨ筮     -
                    ࠬ;   ࠬ
                    ᠭ   쭮  
                  .
     confstr       ࠬ ।  ᯥ᪨  䫠
                    ணࠬ,  믮  -
                  ;  ᯨ  ᯮ ப -
                  䨣樨,   ᯮ짮 -
                   ࠢ⥫,  ⮬, ᫨  ।
                  ᯨ᮪  ᥢ  ⮢ ᯨ-
                  ,  ࠢ⥫ ᮮ饭 뢠  -
                  ⢥ 筨,  뫠饣   ᯨ᮪
                  (  ⬥    -
                  ࠢ⥫).
      祭 ⥫쭮  ଠ樨    ᮤঠ  
祭  䠩 室  ࠧ "-
஢  䠩".

                            -21-11-

                       । 

      MDMN  । ,    ⥬ MMDF.
 ।⠢ ᮡ  ஢,  -
   㣮 । ᯮᮡ,     -
᪮ ⮯ (CAMFORD.AC.UK)   ࣠樨
(sco.COM )   ⨯ ⨢ (OXBRIDGE.EDU).  ।-
 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     MDMN "sco.COM", show="Local Domain", table=locdom
     MDMN "UUCP", show="UUCP Domain", table=uudom
     MDMN "LIST", show="List Pseudo-Domain", table=list
     MDMN "", show="Root Domain", table=rootdom

      㬥⮬   .  । ୥-
     (""),  ⠪    ⠡  ୥
  ᮤঠ ,  ⭮騥   ࠧ
.
     ࠬ show ᢠ   㤮 ,  -
஥  ᯮ짮 ।묨 ணࠬ    ⢥
ᯫ  ப.   ࠬ table ᯮ ᮪饭
,  祭  । MTBL , ஥ ᯮ 
ᠭ ⠡ .
       ࠡ뢠 ,  뫠   ꥬ
⮢ ᯨ᮪  ६ 믮 䮭 ஢ન ᮢ, 
⥬ ᠬ ᪮ ࠡ ࠢ⥫    (⥫쭠
ଠ        ਢ  ᠭ ⨫
list(ADM)).  ࠭ LIST 뢠 騩  ,  ⠪
    易  ஬ ஢;   ᥢ-
 ᯮ ᯨ      ७  ⮢
ᯨ᪠    ⮢ ࠢ 㠫 ᮮ-
.

                            -21-12-

     ⥬ MMDF 믮       
ࠢ  .  ਬ, ⭮⥫쭮 , ࠢ
  CAMFORD.AC.UK,  믮 ஢ઠ   ᮮ⢥⢨
⠡    AC.UK  । ஢મ  ᮮ⢥⢨ ⠡
 UK .  ᫨ ⥬   ⠭ 筮  ᮮ⢥-
⢨,      믮  ஢  筮 ᮮ⢥⢨ 
ࠢ     ࠢ.  ਬ,  ᫨  
      CAMFORD  ⠡  CAMFORD 
,  ⥬ MMDF 믮    ⠡
  ⮬  浪,   ஬  ᠫ 짮⥫  
CAMFOFD .  ⥬ MMDF ࠢ    ,  -
ண 믮 ᫮ 筮 ᮮ⢥⢨.
     ᫨ ⥬ MMDF   ⠭  筮  -
⢥⢨   ࠭ ,   믮 ஢ન 
ᮮ⢥⢨  ୥   楫 뫪     
  .  ᫨ ⥬ MMDF   ⠭-
 ஢ப  ᮮ⢥⢨,   ⢥ ᫥ -
,  ᯮ  dfdhosts , ᫨   -
  ⥬.   ⥬ MMDF ᯮ  , 
⮬  ⭮,     㤮⢮ ᫮  -
ન    ⠡  믮 ᬮ஢ 
⠡,   冷,   ஬ 짮⥫ ᠫ ।
MDMN ,  祭  䠪஬.   ⮬,  -
    ,  ୥  -
 ᫥.
      祭  ⥫쭮  ଠ樨    ᮤঠ 
㭪  䠩,  짮⥫ 室  ࠧ-
 "஢  䠩".

                       ஢ ॣ樨

     ᫥ ࠧ  䠩  mmdftailor  ⠭ ஢
࠭塞 ଠ樨  ᨬ ࠧ 䠩 ॣ樨
⥬  MMDF  ,   ࠭  ⠫   /usr/mmdf/log .
ਬ:
          MMSGLOG level=FAT, size=20

      MMSLOG   ࠢ   ࠡ⮩   䠩   ॣ樨
msg.log,  ᮧ ணࠬ deliver  submit. 
AUTHLOG ࠢ ଠ樥    ਧ樨,  ࠭塞  
䠩  auth.log .   MCHANLOG ࠢ ॣ樥 -

                            -21-12-

設⢠ 㣨 ணࠬ ⥬ MMDF ,    ࠭  
䠩 chan.log.
      ᫮ ஢ ॣ樨  ᮧ ஬
⢮   ᭨ ந⥫쭮 .  -
騥 ⠭ ࠬ level ਢ   (  楫  
஡ ᠭ ଠ樨):
     FAT         ࠬ ॣ ⮫쪮 -
                ᪨ 訡.
     GEN         ࠬ ࠭  
                ଠ.
     BST         ࠬ 뢠 ᭮ ⨪.
     FST         ࠬ   ⨪.

     ᯮ ࠬ size ,  짮⥫    ࠭
ࠧ 䠩 ॣ樨   ⠭ ண -
    ,   ࠧ蠥 㢥-
稢 ࠧ 䠩.  ⭮襭 ਬ  MMSGLOG , 
᪠,   ᪨ 訡 ॣ ⮫쪮  
 ,   㤥 ⨣ ࠧ 䠩 ࠢ 500 
(20   25).   䠩 ॣ樨 ⨣  㪠
ࠧ,  ॣ  訡 ਮ⠭.  짮⥫
४ ஢ ਮ᪨ ஢ન 䠩 ॣ-
樨    楫   訡   䠩 । ⥬,  
ࠧ  䠩 ⨣ ᨬ 稭.
      楫  祭  ⥫쭮 ଠ樨  䠩 -
樨 ⥬ MMDF ४        㪮-
⢥ ᠭ ⨫ logs(F).

                          -21-13-

                    । ᥢ

     室騥   䠩 /usr/mmdf/mmdftailor । MTBL
 ⥬ MMDF  ⠫   /usr/mmdf/table  楫  -
 ஢ન । ᥢ  䠩 alias.list 
alias.user. 짮⥫  ᮧ  ।஢ 
䠩 ⠪,   ᠭ   ࠧ,   ᮮ⢥⢨
 ᨭ⠪ᮬ 䠩,  ᠭ   㪮⢥   ࠧ
tables(F).  直 ࠧ,   짮⥫ 믮 
䠩 alias.list  alias.user   ਢ   ᯮ-
ᮡ,  室 ந  㦭 ଠ樥
 .

                 alias.list

      alias.list ᮤন ᥢ ᯨ᪮ ⨯, -
  ⮥   ।⠢:
     .     襬     짮⥫ 
       㣨 ᥢ.
     .  ॠ樨 ᮮ饭 ⭮饣  䠩.
     .  ॠ樨 ᮮ饭 ࠢ  .
     .  ⮢ ᯨ᪠.
     ਬ:
     postmaster:      admin, perry, Loguucp
     Loguucp:         "network//usr/spool/log/uucp"
     Logmlog:         "networkIcat -v >>/usr/spool/log/mlog"
     printer2:        "networkI/usr/bin/lpr -dprinter2"
     staff:           staff-outbound@list-processor
     staff-outbound:  "include:/etc/alias/staff"
     staff-request:   ross

       ਬ 砥  짮⥫, -
  ⥬ 짮⥫  "postmaster",  ।-
 ᥢ ⬥.   ਬ , 㥬
"⬥",  ࠢ 짮⥫ admin  perry  -
뢠  䠩 ॣ樨 UUCP .   窨 
ᨭ⠪ ஢,  ᯮ㥬  ॠ樨, 
뢠  ।⢥   䠩 ॣ樨  ॣ樨
⨢.
     ஬ ⮣,  楫  믮  ᫮  ࠡ⪨,
 ᯮ짮  ᨬ ॠ樨 室 (>) ᮢ-
⭮  ୮ ॠ樥.  ,  㥬  㧫
Logmlog,ࠡ뢠    cat(C)  ⥬ -

                            -21-14-

  䠩 mlog. , 㥬 㧫 printer2, -
ࠡ뢠      lpr(C)  楫 뢮  
.  ᥢ  ॠ樨  ᯮ  짮⥫  
㯯  䨪  ID  짮⥫.   祭
 ᯮ  設⢥ 砥,  ⢨ -
ᠭ  짮⥫,  㪠    䠩 /etc/passwd.
      ᫥ ப 믮 ࠡ  ⮢ ᯨ᪠
staff.      ਬ    ࠧ  ᨭ⠪
࠭ ":include:" ᯮ , ନ஢  楫
। ᥢ  ᠭ 䠩. ஬ ⮣  -
짮  ᨬ ॠ樨 (<)  ⥭  ।-
 ᥢ  䠩.   ࠧ,   ਢ ᠭ
⨫ list(ADM) ,   ⠫  ⢨  ନ-
 ⮢ ᯨ᪮.
      䠩 alias.list    alias (ᥢ)    ।
     ࠧ  ᮡ ஡ 
梥,  稥  ⥬  㣨 .   ।
ᥢ,  ஬ ᮤন 讥 ⢮  짮-
⥫,  ᪠ ᯮ짮 ⭮ ᮩ   (\)  
⢥  ᨬ த.  室 ᯮ짮 窨
(" ")  ࠧ ப,   ன ᮤঠ ஡  
 ९.   ᥢ ᯮ  ।
㣮 ᥢ,  짮⥫ 室   㢥७  
⮬, 横 ᥢ ᮧ  .

                  alias.user

      䠩 alias.user ᮤঠ ᥢ,   ᯮ-
  ࠡ 짮⥫   . ਬ:

          admin:       admin@blue
          carmen:      carmen@ivy
          perry:       perry@blue
          ross:        ross@warwick

                            -21-14-

            Pe஢  䠩

       ⥬ MMDF ࠢ 䠩  (.dom)
  (.chn ).    䠩  ᮤন  -
  (blue  - 㡮 )   ।  
(blue.sco.COM ).    ।     -
,  ஬  ⠭ ᠬ 㤥 뫠 -
.  (       -
ᮬ,  ।    ⮢  ࠢ).     䠩
 ᮤন ଠ, 㥬  , 
 ࠭ᯮ஢ ,  ᯮ  ६ -
।   .
     짮⥫   ᮧ   ।஢   -
 䠩 ⠪,   ᠭ    ࠧ,    
ᨭ⠪  䠩,  ਢ   ⮬ ࠧ,   뢠
⨫ tables(F) . 直 ࠧ,  짮⥫ ᤥ -
  䠩 .dom  .chn   । ᯮᮡ, 
室 ந    楫  ᪫祭    
㦭 ଠ樨.

                            -21-15-

                          䠩

     । MDMN,室騥  䠩 /usr/mmdf/mmdftailor,
ᯮ ⥬ MMDF  믮 ᪠  -
     ᠭ    䠩,  ᯮx    ⠫
/usr/mmdf/table.
      ,  ।   ⠫   /usr/mmdftailor,
  .  䠩 local.dom ᮤন 
 室   設  쭮 .  
 쭮  ,  ᫨ ᬮ  ࠢ-
 ᫥  ࠢ ( ࠢ LHS )   ଠ樮
 ,  ᫨ ᬮ  ஭ ࠢ 㪨 ( ࠢ
RHS).  local.dom  룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

          blue       blue.sco.COM
          ivy        ivy.sco.COM
          warwick    warwick.sco.COM

         쭮 䠩   짮⥫ -
⭮  室 ᯮ짮  ६ ࠡ 䠩
 UUCP (䠩 uucp.dom ).   䠩 짮⥫ 
ନ஢  ᯨ᮪  ஢,  室    
UUCP,      ࠢ ஭ .  
  ᮪饭  ୠ⨢  , ᫨
ᬮ  ᫥  ࠢ  ( ࠢ LHS ),    
 ⥬ UUCP ,  ᫨ ᬮ  ஭ ࠢ 㪨
( ࠢ RHS ). ਬ:

          mcvax        mcvax.UUCP
          vu44         vu44.UUCP

       ⥬ UUCP,   ᠭ   -
, ࠡ뢠  ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠢ 㬮砭  ⮬
  室 १  ⥬ UUCP.
     ᫨ 䠩 /usr/lib/uucp/Systems  ।⥫쭮 ନ-
஢,  짮⥫  ᮧ 䠩 uucp.dom ⥬ ८-
 ⥬ 䠩 ( Systems ) ᮢ⭮   ८-
ࠧ uulist.  ( 祭 ⥫쭮 ଠ樨  
    짮⥫   ࠧ "⠭
䨣樨  UUCP ").
     ᫨ 䠩  ⮯    Micnet   ଠ 樮
⥬ XENIX (䠩 /usr/lib/mail/top)   ࠭  ନ஢,
짮⥫   ࢮ砫쭮 ᮧ 䠩 micnet.dom ⥬
८ࠧ "孥" 䠩    ८ࠧ

                          -21-16-

mnlist.  (  祭  ⥫쭮  ଠ樨  
 짮⥫   ࠧ "⠭  䨣-
樨  Micnet).
        ࠧ ନ஢ ᮪饭  
ࠢ ᫥ ࠢ  (LHS),  ⮡ࠦ      
    ஭  ࠢ 㪨 (RHS),  짮⥫ 
ᮧ 䠩      ।  MDMN    ⠡
mmdftailor (᪫祭  ᯨ ᥢ, 
ᯮ  ࠡ⪥  䠩 ).   䠩
.dom    ଠ樮  ,  祭  ஭
ࠢ 㪨 (RHS),  ᮧ     ନ஢  ⠢
  (  ।  । MDMN)  ࠢ-
 ᫥ ࠢ (LHS).  ,  ନ஢  ࠢ
LHS  RHS   ࠧ ஡  梥, -
  ⥬  㣨 .  ᫥  ,  ।  
䠩 /usr/mmdf/mmdftailor 㤥 ୥ .   ᯥ-
樠  䠩  (root.dom  )  믮  ८ࠧ
    ᫥  ࠢ (LHS) ⭮⥫쭮  
, ᫨ ᬠਢ    ஭ ࠢ -
  (RHS).   䠩 root.dom  ᮤঠ ,  
뢠:

     .    ⭮ ,    祭  
       ⠡ .
     .   ,    ࠢ , -
       ᮢ ,    ᬮ ᯮ -
        .

      ਢ ਬ  ⨯ ᥩ root.dom.

     sri-nic.arpa            sri-nic.arpa berkeley.EDU
     com                     uunet.UU.NET

     ᫨  sri-nic.arpa    ⮫쪮    
   arpa , ᯮ㥬  ६ ࠡ,  -
⭮ 짮⥫   ᮧ ⤥  䠩 
 ७  arpa .   ⮣,  ࢠ  -
ࠢ  ,  ᮢ  㧫  sri-nic.arpa, १   㧥
berkeley.EDU.
        ਬ  ⠪   ࠧ  -
   , ᯮ  ⮣ ᢥ 
 쭮 設.    ஭ ࠢ 㪨 (RHS) ⠥
 ࠢ ࠢ         室
᪮쪮 ஬  ஢.   

                         -21-16-

⤠ ࠢ  ।⢥ ᮥ   -
  ஬.
        ୥      ᫥,      䠩
root.dom  室    孥  ஢  (⠪,
  ),  ஥ ᯮ  ⮬ 砥,  ᫨  
  ᮮ⢥ , 㪠  ࠭ . ᫨
   㧫 ross@nesser.COM  䠩 nesser.COM ᮢ-
襭  ᮮ⢥ - 䠩 ,     
孥  ஢  㤥 ᮮ⢥⢮ ன   ⥬
MMDF 㤥 ।    㧥 UU.NET    
,    㧥 uunet.UU.NET   ࠧ  ,
ࠢ 㧫 nesser.COM.

                         䠩

     । MCHN,室騥  䠩 /usr/mmdf/mmdftailor,
ࠢ  ⥬  MMDF   믮 ᪠ ᠭ 䠩
.chn , 室  ⠫   /usr/mmdf /table.  ⠫
।祭  ࠭  ।.
      䠩 local.chn ᮤঠ   :

       sco.COM             sco
       sco                 sco
       blue.sco.COM        sco
       blue                sco

     짮⥫     , ⮡ࠦ-
騥  MLNAME.MLDOMAIN  MLNAME  㧥 MLNAME,  ⮬ -
 ,   ।  䠩 mmdftailor .  ᫨ 짮⥫
ࠡ⠥  묨  묨  ࠬ,    室
   ᫥    ,    ⮡ࠦ  
MLOCMACHINE.MLNAME.MLDOMAIN  MLOCMACHINE   MLNAME.
      list.chn ᮤন ᫥騥 :

     ᪮           ᪮   
     ᪮           ᪮   

      ,  ନ㥬 ᫥ ࠢ  (LHS),  
  ᥢ    ,  ।   ⮢
ᥢ ᯨ᪠ (ᬮ ਬ  䠩  alias.list).  

                              -21-17-

  ᮮ  ⥬  MMDF  ⮬,   室 ।
,  ᮢ  ⮢  ᯨ᪥,  ணࠬ  ᯨ᪮
.
      䠩 uucp.chn ᮤঠ ,  :

          mcvax.uucp          uunet!mcvax!%s
          sri-nic.arpa        uunet!sri-nic.arpa!%s
          uunet.uu.net        uunet!%s

     , ନ㥬  ᫥  ࠢ  (LHS),    
   UUCP;  祭  ஭ ࠢ
㪨 (RHS)  ᮬ  UUCP ,    ⥬  MMDF
ᯮ    ६,    室   ண-
ࠬ ।⢠  UUCP.      
ਬ   ᫮,     짮⥫ hilis,
㪠  ப mcvax.uucp,   UUCP  ।    
㧥  uunet    ⪮   UUCP (mcvax!hillis).
  ன            ࠧ      
(srinic!arpa)   ᯮ짮    UUCP.
      쭮 䠩  Micnet (micnet.chn) ᮤঠ  -
  :

          ivy.sco.COM         ivy:%s
          warwick.sco.COM     ivy:warwick:%s

     , ନ஢ ᫥ ࠢ (LHS),    
 , 롨ࠥ  䠩 local.dom; , 롨-
ࠥ  ஭ ࠢ  㪨  (RHS),    ᮬ  
Micnet,    ⥬ MMDF ᯮ  ६ 맮 ண-
ࠬ ।  Micnet .   ਬ,   -
 짮⥫ ross ( 砥   -
 warwick ),    Micnet ।  㧫 ivy 
 ⪮   Micnet (warwick:ross).
       ᫥饩 ப    ,  ନ㥬
᫥ ࠢ (LHS),  ⮡ࠦ   ଠ, -
 ᯮ  ।         
஭ ࠢ 㪨 (RHS). 짮⥫  ᮧ 
䠩   । MCHN  ࠧ mmdftailor ( -
祭  ᥢ  badhosts,   ᯮ 
䠩  Micnet).  ,  ନ㥬     ஭ 
㪨  (LHS),  ⠪   ஭ ࠢ 㪨 (RHS),   ࠧ-
  ᮡ ஡  梥,  稥  ⥬ 
㣨 .

                            -21-18-

                        ਬ 

     ᫨   "⬥",  ⥬ MMDF -
ࠢ , 믮  ࢮ ⠭ ⠡ ᥢ-
  䠩 alias.list.    믮  楫 -
७    ᥢ    "⬥"      易   
짮⥫.  ,  室  䠩 alias.list ,  
 ᫥騩 :

          ⬥: 襢 ᨤ

     ⥬ ⥬ MMDF 믮  䠩  alias.user 楫
宦    쭮  ,  易  
짮⥫.  䠩 alias.user  室 ᫥ -
:
          襢 ᨤ: 襢 ᨤ@㡮

     ⥬ MMDF 믮  ࠧ 䠩 .dom,  -
 ࠨ  쭮    ଠ-
  .    砥,   blue "-
㡮"   쭮     ⮬  ⥬  MMDF
室 ਢ    䠩 local.dom, ਬ:

          㡮   㡮.sco.COM

     ⥬ MMDF ⥬ 믮  ࠧ 䠩  -
७ﬨ .chn ,   ନ   ଠ樮  
    㥬  .      砥    -
.sco.COM 㦨     ᭮ -
  ⥬  MMDF  室  ਢ        䠩
local.chn, ਬ:

          㡮.sco.COM     sco

     ᭮ ।  MCHN  ,   ᯮ      䠩
mmdftailor  ,    ⠢   ।,  
室  䠩  /usr/spool/mmdf/home/q.local,    ணࠬ,
롨ࠥ  䠩 /usr/mmdf/chas/local, ।   -
⮢ 騪 "襢 ᨤ" (Perry's).

                            -21-19-

                    䨪  

     ६蠭   । ࠢ  ⥬ MMDF
  楫  祭  ண 㯠  ᥢ  ⭮
ଠ樨.  짮⥫  ஢  䨪  
    直  ࠧ,   믮 䨪 -
- ᥢ  ⭮ 䠩. ⮡ 믮 -
஥  , 室   ⥬  ⢥ -
⥫     mmdf          믮     ண     ணࠬ
/usr/mmdf/table/dbmbuild  ⠫   /usr/mmdf/table.  -
:

          cd /usr/mmdf/table
          dbmbuild

     ணࠬ dbmbuild ᯮ ।,  室騥  
䠩  mmdftailor  ஥ ६蠭    -
⮢,  ᫨ - ⠡ 뫨   ६  ࠡ.
  祭  ⥫쭮  ଠ樨  짮⥫ 
 ࠧ,  ஬ 뢠 ⨫ dbmbuild(ADM).

                            -21-20-

                  㦨 ⥬

      ணࠬ cleanque 믮  ।   䠩-
 室 .  楫 䨪樨   뢠-
 ⨫ cron(C)  ६ ண ணࠬ cleanque  ࠩ-
   (    ,   ᨬ
 ꥬ 砥 ). 짮⥫  ⠪ 믮
ண ⨫ cleanque  直 ࠧ,   -
७  ⮢୮ । .   ᠭ -
 ணࠬ 室  ⮬ ࠧ,   ਢ ᠭ
㭪権 ணࠬ cleanque(ADM).
     ணࠬ checkque  ஢    ⮢ । 
뢮 ⢮ ᮮ饭  ।.  ᫨ ᮧ -
ࢭ  ।,   ன 室   -
뫪,     ࠢ   , -
  ⮣ ணࠬ deliver(ADM). ਬ:

          deliver -w -clist,uucp

      -  ਬ  ᠭ  ,  ᯮ㥬
 ६ ࠡ⪨.  -w ⠢ ணࠬ deliver  -
 ணࠬ ந 뢮 ଠ樮  ᮮ饭 
⮬  ,    ஬   । .  짮⥫ 
ᬮ 室   楫  ਩  -
権,    ⢥࣭⮩  ।  ਥ .  
ᠭ  ணࠬ ਢ  ࠧ,  뢠
⨫ checkque(ADM).
                            -22-1-

                             22

         祭 ⥫ ⥫  ⪨
                       ᪠
                                                      
㯫.......................................     22-1
⢨ 믮塞 । 砫 ࠡ........     22-3
⠭ 䨣樨 ⥫  ⪮ -
⭮ ᪥.....................................     22-3
⪨  ᪨ ST506  ESDI...........     22-3
⮢  ।..................     22-6
⠭ ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥..     22-7
  䠩 ⥬...................     22-10
।஢ ..........................     22-12
뫪 ⥪ ⮢ 짮⥫  ᭮
⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥............     22-13

                           㯫

     ᫨ ⥬ ࠤ  ஭᪮ 墠⪨  ,  
짮⥫  ॡ  ⥫ -
⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥  뤥  ⥬  -
⥫쭮  ࠭⢠ ,  ᯮ㥬  ࠭
䠩 짮⥫  ⠫.    ਢ ⨯ -
砥  ⥫  ⪨  ᪠  ஫஢.
 ⨯ ᫥騥:

     . ᪮ ஫ ST506 (⠭   IBM).
     . ஫ ESTI.
     .    SCSI.

      祭 ⥫ ⥫  ⪨ -
 ᪠  ⠭ ᫥騥  䨣樨:
     .      ஫஢ ST506 ,   ⮬  
஫      ᪮  ST506    
  ஢   SCSI ,   
㦨   ᥬ  ஫஢,      ஫
SCSI  㦨    ன.

                            -22-1-

     .  ஫ ESDI ,  㦨  -
  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥  ⨯: ESDI  ST506.
      ਢ 饭 奬 䨣樨 ࢮ ⨯.

  ன⢮
    ST506                   LUN0        LUN7        LUN0
  +------+    +------+    +------+    +------+    +------+
  |      |    |      |    |      |... |      |    |      |
  |      |    |      |    |      |    |      |    |      |
  +---+--+    +--+---+    +--+---+    +---+--+    +---+--+
      +---+    +-+           +---+    +---+     +-----+
 ᪮++----++      ஫|    |         |   ஥
 ஫-|      |      SCSI     ++----++    +---+--+஫
      |      |               | IDm  |... | IDn  |...
 ST506   +---+--+               |      |    |      |
    +--------+                  +--+---+    +--+---+
    |                              |           |
    |    +------+   |           |
    |    |      | SCSI   | SCSI  | 䨪 ID 0-7
    |    |      |<-----------------+-----------+--------------------->
    |    +--+---+
    |       +-------------------------+
    |                                 |
    +-------------------+             |
         +------+       |             |
         | CPU  |<------+-------------+------------>
         |      |
         +------+

     . 22-1. ਬ 䨣樨 ⥫  ⪨
                 ᪠,   ன  ᯮ
                ᪮ ஫ ST506    -
                            SCSI

                            -22-2-

        SCSI () ࠭᫨ ᨣ,
㯠騥    設 業ࠫ쭮  CPU  設 SCSI.
஫ SCSI ⥭  ⥬,   ன⢮ SCSI ID.  
ன  SCSI      ᪮  ன⢠
(LUN).
     ᫨ 믮  樠  ୥  ᪠  ६
⠭ 樮 ⥬,  ⠭ 䨣
୥  ᪠   ࢮ ⪮ ᪠,  ⠭ 
ࢮ ஫. ⠭ 䨣  ࢮ -
 ஫  ⪨ ᪮ ST506  ESDI   -
     ᪮ SCSI.
       ⮣,   楤, ᯮ㥬  -
祭 ⥫ ᪮,   饩  楤ன  
 ⨯ ᪮, 짮⥫ ६  ६ ॡ -
筮 믮 ࠧ 蠣, 騥  ⨯ ⠭-
 짮⥫ ⪮ ᪠.     楤
ࠧ 蠣 ᭮ 뤥.

                            -22-3-

           ⢨ 믮塞 । 砫 ࠡ

     । ⥬,   㯨  ⠭ ⥫쭮 -
⥫    ⪮  ⭮ ᪥,  짮⥫  
।    䨣 ⪨  -
  㤥  ᯮ짮  ६ ࠡ  ⥬ ⠭ 
ᮥ  ᮡ  ।⢠.     ࠧ
஢ ᭥ ᨭ⠪, ᯮ㥬   mkdev
hd.    ᯮ  ⠭  䨣樨  
祭 ⥫ ⪨  ᪮.  짮-
⥫ ४   ଠ,  室    
ࠧ,  楫 । 室 権, ⠭
 ப .  樨 室  ᮧ 䨣-
樨  ᪮  ST506  ESDI.  ᫥ ⮣  ࠭ 室
ᨭ⠪ ,  짮⥫  த  ᢮  -
⢨,    뢠   ࠧ "⠭ ⥫ 
⪮ ⭮ ᪥".  ᫨  ࠡ  ᯮ  ⪨
  ᪨ SCSI,  砥    -
,   짮⥫ 室   ࠧ   -
  mkdev hd  ⢥ 樨. ᫥ ⮣ -
室  த  ⢨,         ࠧ
"⠭ ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥".   -
,       㤥 뢠  ६ ࠡ-
 ன ࠧ.  ⢨ 室 믮 ⮬, 
䠩 䨣樨       SCSI  
  ⮢   ࢮ 室,   樠 ᪠ 
஬.

         ⠭ 䨣樨 ⥫  ⪮
                        ⭮ ᪥

     짮⥫ 室 ਭ 襭  ⮬,   -
  㤥  ⠭  䨣  ⪮  ⭮
᪠   ᭮ ਭ⮣ 襭 । 室 -
ଠ ⨫ ⠭ ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ -
.

               ⪨  ᪨ ST506  ESDI

     ⮡ ⠭  䨣  ⪮  ⭮ ᪠
ST506  ESDI  mkdev hd , 室   -
஫ 㤥 㦨    㤥   -
  ஫    .

                            -22-4-

     ⠪   ᫥騩 :

     mkdev hd ஫ ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥

     㬥 ᪮  ஫஢ 稭  .

                          22.1
             , ᯮ㥬  ६ ࠡ ⥫
                 ⪨  ᪠ ST506  ESDI

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|஫              砥                |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ST506&        mkdev hd 0 0       ࢮ ஫-|
|                                (୥).                  |
| ESDI          mkdev hd 1 0    ன   ࢮ ஫-|
|                               .                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| 쪮        mkdev hd 0 1       ஬ ஫-|
|                               .                             |
| ST506         mkdev hd 1 1    ன   ஬ ஫-|
|                               .                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

                    ⪨   SCSI

     ⮡ ⠭ 䨣  ⪮  ⭮  ᪠
SCSI, 짮⥫  뤠  mkdev hd .  -
   ॡ  ᫥ ଠ:

     .     (稭  ).

     .  䨪 ஫ (0-7)    -
        ;    筮 -
        䨪 7;  䨪 ᢠ -
       訩  ਮ 設 ⪮ ⭮ ᪠ SCSI.

     .   ᪮  ன⢠ (0-7)  䨪-
        ID ⪮ ⭮ ᪠  SCSI;    ஥
       ஫ ( ⠪ ஫,   ᠬ ஫ 
       ன⢮ ।⠢ ᮡ   䨧  )
       ᪨  ன⢠ (LUN) 筮 ࠢ 0.

     .  ன⢠ (   ⭠ ).

                               -22-4-

      㭪 22-1  ᪮ ।⠢ 
祭. 짮⥫   ᪠, ᮮ⢥
 祭,  ࠭ 祭  㪠  ப
.  ᯮ짮 ਢ  ᨭ⠪
 mkdev,   ᯮ  ᠭ 䨣樨.

          mkdev hd drivenum ctrlnum lun

      ,  ਢ ,  ⠥,   
mkdev hd ᯮ  㬥⮢.  ᫨ 짮⥫ 㪠
 ଠ  ப ,    ३  믮
᫥ 蠣  ਢ  楤. ᫨ 짮⥫
 ६ 맮  mkdev hd ᠫ  ଠ  ப
,     ᫥ 蠣 ਢ  -
. 짮⥫    㬥  ६
맮 楤 ன ࠧ.
     ⮡  ⥫ ⥫  ⪮ -
⭮ ᪥ SCSI , 室 믮 ᫥騥 蠣:
     1.  ਢ  :

          mkdev hd

     짮⥫ ⥬ sysadmsh  롨:
     ⥬ ->  ।⢠ -> ⪨  
     2. 砫  ࠭    ⮡ࠧ  ਢ
  ஫ ᪠:

                              -22-5-

     +----------------------------------------------------------
     | ⠭ ⪮ ᪠   ।  樮  ⥬
     | UNIX V.
     |  ⨯  ஫  ᪠  㤥  㦨 
     | ?
     | 1. ᪮ ஫  ST506  (⠭⭮  ᯥ祭
     |    ᪠.
     | 2. ஫ OMTI  8620    OMTI  8627  (ᯥ祭
     |    ESDI).
     | 3.    SCSI.|
     |     1, 2, 3  q  室  .
      3     <RETURN>.
     3.  짮⥫      -
஬ 㤥 祭 ⪨  .
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |     SCSI 㤥 㦨
     |  ன⢮?
     |  0  1  'h'  祭  .
     |  'q'   室   :
      0,  ᫨  ॡ  ᯮ짮    
      0,  ᫨ ᯮ ன 
 .
     4.  ࠭  ⮡ࠧ ᫥饥 :
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  䨪  ID ஫ 㤥 ᯮ짮
     |   ன⢠?
     |  0-7      祭    'q' 
     | 室   .
       ஫, 祭  .
     5. ⥬ ࠭  㤥 뢥  ᫥  -
:
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  LUN ᯮ   ன⢠?
     |  0-7  'h'  祭  .
     |  'q'  室   .
       ன⢠ 祭   ஫. 
設⢠  ᪮ ஫  ன⢮  ⢥-
 ᪮ 楩  ⮬ ஬ ᪮  -
 .
     6.       室  뫨  
ணࠬ  ଠ  ᪠, ᯮ㥬  믮-
 ୮ ।஢ :

                            -22-6-

     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  䨣樨     SCSI 
     | ஢.
     |   ஥  , ஥ ࠦ -
     | ,  믮塞    䨣樨    
     | .  室 믮  ⢨? (y
     | /n).
      樮  ⥬   ४䨣஢ 
楫 ᯮ  ६ ࠡ   ᪠. 짮⥫
㪠뢠    믮 ୮ ।஢  
⮬ 砥, ᫨ ॡ   ᪮쪮  ன.
  ᯮᮡ     ।஢ ⮫쪮  ࠧ.
     ᫥ 믮  ⢨ 뫠 ⠭ 䨣-
 室 ணࠬ ।, ᯮ㥬  㦨-
  ᪠.  ᫥ ।஢  짮⥫
 ३  祭 ᫥饣 ࠧ,   -
 "⮢  ।"  , 
짮⥫  ॡ 㪠뢠 㬥     mkdev
hd , ᫨  ⢨ 믮   ࠧ.

                ⮢  ।

      ⥫  ⪨  ᪠,    -
⢥   ⠡ ROM,  㦨 ணࠬ묨
।⢠.    믮 祭 ⥫ -
  ।,  짮⥫ 室  
祭   ४⥫ ࠬ஢ ⠭  -
    ,  䨪    
 SCSI  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥.   砭  -
  ࠧ "㪮⢮       
SCSI"   ᭥ 祭 ⠭  ४-
. 짮⥫ ॡ   㪮⢥  -
  ।⢠  樨    ⥫  ⪮ ⭮
᪥  .
     ᫨ 짮⥫ 믮  ࠬ஢ ⠭
    SCSI  ஥ ஫஬,
  室   ⮬,   ६ ࠡ ॡ-
  䨪 SCSI,    LUN.  ஥ ஫-
 LUN  㫥 祭,   ன⢮ -
    ⮫쪮 ன⢮  ஫.
     ।     ⥫  ⪮ ⭮
᪥,  짮⥫  ,  ࠧ  -
⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥ ᮥ  ஫஬. -
 ⥫  ⪮ ⭮  ᪥    
㪮⢥     ।⢠,  ⠢塞  
᪮.

                            -22-6-

        ⮬,   । ⥬,   믮 ⠭
⥬,  ନ஢ ⥫ ⥫    ⪮
⭮  ᪥   ⮢⥫ । -
 ଠ  ⥫  ⪮ ⭮  ᪥.  ᫨
  ⮢⥫  ⥫   । ᪨
,   ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥  
ᯮ짮  ⥬ 짮⥫.

                            -22-7-

     ⠭ ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥

      ⠭  ⥫쭮  ⥫  ⪮ -
⭮ ᪥  䠩 ⥬ UNIX    DOS 짮-
⥫  믮 ਢ  蠣:
     1. ᫥  ⮣,   ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥
祭     믮  ᠬ㧪  樮
⥬,  室 ३  ० 㦨 ⥬  -
짮 ᮮ⢥     mkdev      
ப    ॡ㥬  ଠ樨   䨣樨 ⥬.
ਬ:
          mkdev hd disk# controller#

     짮⥫ ⥬ sysadmsh 롨:
     ⥬ ->   ।⢠ -> ⥫  ⪮
     ⭮ ᪥.
     2. ᫥  ⮣  ࠭  㤥 ⮡ࠦ 
஫ ᪠.
     +----------------------------------------------------------
     | ⠭ ⥫  ⪮  ⭮ ᪥  ।
     | 樮 ⥬ UNIX V.
     |  ஫ 㤥 㦨  ?
     | 1. ᪮  ஫  ST506 (ᯥ祭 ⠭⭮
     |    ᪠).
     | 2. ஫  OMTI  8620    OMTI  8627  (ᯥ祭
     |    ESDI).
     | 3.    SCSI.
     |  1, 2, 3   ᨬ  'q'      室 
     | .
      ᫮, ஥ ᮮ⢥ ࠭ ஫.
     3. ᫨ 짮⥫ 砥  ⥫ ஫
ESDI,      ࠭    㤥 뢥 ⥫쭠
᪠:
     +----------------------------------------------------------
     |  䥩  㤥  ᯮ짮    ⥫ 
     | ⪮ ⭮ ᪥?
     | 1) ESDI.
     | 2) ST506.
     |  1, 2   室  :
      ,  ᮮ⢥ ⨯ 䥩 -
⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥, ᯮ㥬  ६ ࠡ.

                            -22-8-

     4. த ⢨,  ᠭ   ࠧ  "⮢
⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥"   "楤 -
".   ਠ ᮤন  㬥 "㪮⢮ 
⠭".  믮  蠣,  室騥   ࠧ,
  ⭮襭  ⠭ ⨯  ᪠, 
믮 蠣 19, ⥬ ୨   ࠧ  
믮 ⠢   ࠧ 蠣.
     5.  짮⥫  믮 室  -
,  롨ࠥ   ࠧ " ⮢ ⥫  ⪮
⭮ ᪥",   ࠭   㤥 뢥 ᪠-
,  뤠 ணࠬ divvy(ADM). ணࠬ divvy(ADM) -
  ࠧ  䠩 ⥬.  짮⥫ -
  ᮧ      ᥬ  ⤥  ⢥ ࠧ 
᢮   ⠬ ࠧ.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

       砭
     ⠩ ࠭ ᢮ 䠩 ⥬ ࠧ஬  60
-80     訩 ࠧ.  ।⢠ 㦨-
  ⥬  ࠡ  ॥    䥪⨢  
ࠧ஬ 䠩 ⥬.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     6.   ࠭   㤥 뢥   ண-
ࠬ divvy,  ஬  ᫥饥 ࠧ ᪠:
+---------------------------------------------------------------
|+----+----------------+----------+---+------------+-----------+
|| |             |     | # |      | ᫥ |
||    |                |   FS     |   |        |       |
|+----+----------------+----------+---+------------+-----------+
||    | ᯮ |       | 0 |     0      |    39011  |
||    | ᯮ |       | 1 |   39012    |    41511  |
||    | ᯮ |       | 2 |      -     |      -    |
||    | ᯮ |       | 3 |      -     |      -    |
||    | ᯮ |       | 4 |      -     |      -    |
||    | ᯮ |       | 5 |      -     |      -    |
||    | ᯮ |       | 6 |   41512    |    41521  |
||hdla|        |       | 7 |     0      |    41980  |
|+----+----------------+----------+---+------------+-----------+
|    41522 , 室  ࠧ; 459 
|    १ࢨ ⥬.
|    n[ame]                 ࠧ.
|    c[reate]             䠩 ⥬ 
|                        ࠧ.

                            -22-8-

|    t[ype]             롨ࠥ   ⨯ 䠩
|                       ⥬   䠩 ⥬.
|    p[revent]          ।頥 ᮧ  䠩
|                       ⥬   ன.
|    s[tart]            稭 ࠧ  㣮 .
|    e[nd]              稢 ࠧ  㣮 .
|    r[estore]          ⠭ 室 ⠡ ࠧ.
|      㦭 ᨬ  'q'  室  .
      , ᯮ   ⠡  dvvy,  ᮮ⢥
䠩 ⥬.   ६ ࢮ ᬮ ⠡  -
㦨 ,    ᮧ   襥 ⢮
䠩 ⥬.  ᯮ  start  end  믮
 ࠧ  䠩 ⥬, ਭ  ⥬ 
㬮砭.    ,   ࠭ 䠩 ⥬ 
 ४뢠. ਬ, 䠩 ⥬ 0   -
稢  ⮬  ,  ஬ 稭 䠩
⥬ 1.

                          -22-9-

     ᫨ 짮⥫    ࠧ ᬠਢ  
ணࠬ divvy,   㦨,   䠩  ⥬  
 .     䠩 ⥬  ᯮ-
  name.  ⥬    -
 .  ਬ,  ᯮ짮  䠩 ⥬ u
( user "짮⥫").
      ४  䨣 䠩 ⥬ 7;
  १ࢨ஢  ७ ᯮ짮  -
樮 ⥬.
     ᫥ ⮣,  뫨 । 砫   窨
 䠩 ⥬ 짮⥫, 易⥫쭮 ᯮ -
 create  ᮧ  䠩 ⥬  ᪥.
      䠩  ⥬,  ਭ  㬮砭,  
⨯ AFS.  ᫨ 짮⥫ ॡ ᮧ 䠩  ⥬
㣨 ⨯,  室 ᯮ짮  type.
     ⮡     ணࠬ divvy , 짮-
 室  ᨬ q .  ணࠬ 뤠 ᪠ -
 ࠧ,  ॡ 믮 ⠭  ⠡ ࠧ-
,    ࠢ     ⢨ 室
 ணࠬ  ⠭ ⠡ ࠧ.  롥    i
 ⠭ ⠡ ࠧ.
      ६ ᮧ 䠩 ⥬ 讣 ꥬ 짮-
⥫  㤥  뤠   ⮬ 室  ᮧ ࠡ祥
ன⢮. 짮⥫ ⢥砥 "yes" (),  ᫨  -
 ᮧ ࠡ祥 ன⢮, ஥ 祭 㤮 ᯮ짮-
  ६ ࠡ ணࠬ fsck(ADM).
     ⥫쭠 ଠ     ਢ 
ࠧ divvy(ADM).
     7.    樮 ⥬ ନ 䠩
⥬     ᢮ ⥫  ⪮ -
 ᪥.   ⢨  ᪮쪮 .   ࠭
 㤥 뢥 ᫥饥 ᮮ饭:
     +----------------------------------------------------------
     |            䠩 ⥬

              ( ࠭ 22-10, 22-11 !)

                            -22-12-

                    ।஢ 

     ᫨ 짮⥫  ⢥⨫  ""   ⢥  ᪠ 
।஢  ᫥ ⠭ ⥫    ⪮
⭮ ᪥ SCSI ,   室  ண ண-
ࠬ link_unix   믮  ஥  ,  ᯮ
 ଠ  䨣樨 ᫨⥫쭮 ⥬.   ⮬
砥 짮⥫ 室  ᫥騥 :

          cd /etc/conf/cf.d
          ./link_unix

     짮⥫ ⥬ sysadmsh 롨:

     ⥬ -> 䨣 -> ஥

                            -22-13-

       뫪 ⥪ ⮢ 짮⥫  ᭮
             ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥

     ᫨ 室 믮 뫪 짮⥫᪨ ⥪-
 ⮢   䠩 ⥬ (ਬ, /x ), 室-
  筮 ⥫  ⪮ ⭮ ᪥,   㡥-
  ⮬,    ⥪騥  饭   
. ணࠬ 롮ન ⥪ ⮢ sysadmsh(ADM) (ᯮ-
    ᮧ  ⥪ ⮢ 짮⥫) ⠥
 , ਭ  ⥬  㬮砭,  楫 ࠧ-
       짮⥫᪨ ⥪ ⮢,
롨ࠥ  䠩 /usr/lib/mkuser/homepaths.
     । 䠩   /usr/lib/mkuser/homepaths.  
 "/usr",  믮 ⥭ ࠬ஢,  ⠭ -
 ࠬ /.  ⢨ ⠭ 䠩 ⥬
/  ⢥  ,   ஬  室 -
 ⥪騥  짮⥫.
     直 ࠧ  ६ ண ணࠬ 롮ન ⥪ -
⮢ sysadmsh , ᤥ   짮⥫, 祩 -
騩   ।  ࠬ஬  /.  ।  ⥬,  
㯨  ᮧ  짮⥫, 㡥  ⮬, 
䠩 ⥬ / ᬮ஢,  ⨢ 砥, ᫨ 䠩-
  ⥬   뫠 ᬮ஢,   ᮡ⢥ ⠫
㤥 饭 .
     ᫨ 짮⥫ 㦥 믮 ᢮ ࠡ  ࠢ-
 樮 ⥬     짮⥫   室
᫠ ᢮ ⥪騥    䠩 ⥬,  -
室 ᯮ짮  copy()  ஢ ⥪
⮢   䠩 ⥬.
      , 室  ᢮ 짮⥫  -
  ,  ᤥ  ⮣ १ࢭ  ⥪
⮢,   뫨 ஢   뫪,    
    .  ⥬ 室 믮
ਢ  蠣, 室  믮 뫪 -
  ⮢ 짮⥫   䠩 ⥬  .
ਬ:
     1.   ⮬,   䠩 ⥬ ᬮ஢-
  ⥪騥 ,  뫪  뫠 ஢,  -
짮  . ஬ ⮣, 㡥  ⮬,  ࠡ
믮  "୥" (諨  ୥ ⠫).
     2.  ⠫   ३    ᯮ-
㥬    ६ ⠫  ⥪饣   -
⥫. ᫨, ਬ, ⥪騥  짮⥫  室
 ⠫   /usr,   ᫥ :

                        -22-14-

          cd /usr

     3. ᯥ⠩ ᮤন  ⠫,      
⮣ ᫥ :

          lc

        ⥬ ⠫,   室  ⠫-
    /usr,   ࠭  㤥  ᯨ᮪  ⥪-
 ⮢, ਬ:
     +---------------------------------------------------------
     |  albert     numspa     wanda     tregor
     |  johne      katra      geoff     petra
     4.  ᫥ :

          copy -orm /usr/user /x/user

       ⢨   ⠫ 짮⥫.
     5. ᫥ 襭 ࠡ  copy 짮⥫ -
室  ᫥ :

          cd /x

     ⮡ 㡥  ⮬,   ⥪騥  뫨 ࠢ-
 ᪮஢,  ᯥ⠩  ᮤন 䠩 ⥬
/x.
     6. ᫥ ⮣,   짮⥫ ஢ਫ,   ⥪騥
 뫨  ᪮஢,   ⥪騥   
㤠  ।饩  䠩  ⥬  짮⥫.  
⢨ 믮 ⥬ 㤠 䠩,  ⠫   ᥢ-
, 室   䠩 ⥬.
     7.  ᮡ⢥  ⠫       짮⥫
 맮 ଠ樨   ⥪饣 , ᯮ  ⮣
⨫ sysadmsh(ADM). ਬ:
     騥  -> 짮⥫ -> ஢ઠ: ⢥
       "⢥ ⠫"     -
. 믮  ⢨   짮⥫, -
 ண 﫨  ६ ࠡ.
